1
|
Guo XC, Lu SY, Zhang SN, Xie P, Li GY, Shi ZQ, Zhou YT, Wang YM. Combined inhibitory effects of microcystin-LR and microcystin-RR on growth and development in zebrafish larvae. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 277:109824. [PMID: 38154657 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are the most widespread, frequently found, and seriously toxic cyanobacterial toxins in aquatic environments. Microcystin-leucine-arginine (MCLR) and microcystin-arginine-arginine (MCRR) are the most studied MCs. Normally, their levels are low and they coexist in the environment; however, they may also interact with each other. The developmental toxicity of MCLR in the presence of MCRR in the early life stage of zebrafish (from 2 to 120 h post fertilization) was investigated for the first time in this study. Our findings revealed that MCRR treatment marginally elevated thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) levels, whereas MCLR treatment alone resulted in a significant increase in T3 and T4 levels, indicating a cooperative effect. Furthermore, clear changes in the expression levels of genes involved in growth and development, accompanied by growth inhibition, were observed after co-treatment with MCRR and MCLR. In addition, zebrafish larvae subjected to MCRR and/or MCLR treatment showed increased levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and malondialdehyde, and decreased levels of catalase in the MCRR + MCLR group, indicating oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Thus, we investigated the synergistic developmental toxicity of MCRR and MCLR during the early life stages of zebrafish development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chun Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Shao-Yong Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| | - Ping Xie
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Guang-Yu Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zu-Qin Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongtinghu (SEPSORSLD), State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yi-Tong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Yu-Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Si W, Zhao M, Che H, Wu Z, Xiao Y, Xie X, Duan J, Shen T, Xu D, Zhao S. Microcystin-LR induced transgenerational effects of thyroid disruption in zebrafish offspring by endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated thyroglobulin accumulation and apoptosis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 322:121117. [PMID: 36690294 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
MC-LR can interfere with thyroid function in fish, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Current study focuses to study the intergenerational inheritance of MC-LR-induced thyroid toxicity in zebrafish and in rat thyroid cells. In vivo experiments, adult female zebrafish (F0) were exposed to MC-LR (0, 5, and 25 μg/L) for 90 days and mated with male zebrafish without MC-LR exposure to generate F1 generation. F1 embryos were allowed to develop normally to 7 days post-fertilization (dpf) in clear water. In the F0 generation, MC-LR induced disturbance of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, leading to a decrease in the production of thyroid hormones. Maternal MC-LR exposure also induced growth inhibition by altering thyroid hormones (THs) homeostasis and interfering with thyroid metabolism and development in F1 offspring. Mechanistically, MC-LR caused excessive accumulation of ROS and induced ER stress that further lead to activation of UPR in the F0 and F1 offspring of zebrafish. Interestingly, our findings suggested that MC-LR exposure hampered thyroglobulin turnover by triggering IRE1 and PERK pathway in zebrafish and FRTL-5 thyroid cells, thus disturbing the thyroid endocrine system and contributing to the thyroid toxicity from maternal to its F1 offspring of zebrafish. Particularly, inhibition of the IRE1 pathway by siRNA could alleviate thyroid development injury induced by MC-LR in FRTL-5 cells. In addition, MC-LR induced thyroid cell apoptosis by triggering ER stress. Taken together, our results demonstrated that maternal MC-LR exposure causes thyroid endocrine disruption by ER stress contributing to transgenerational effects in zebrafish offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weirong Si
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Mengjie Zhao
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Huimin Che
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zaiwei Wu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yuchun Xiao
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xinxin Xie
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jiayao Duan
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Tong Shen
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Dexiang Xu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Sujuan Zhao
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang S, Liu H, Du X, Chen X, Petlulu P, Tian Z, Shi L, Zhang B, Yuan S, Guo X, Wang Y, Guo H, Zhang H. A new identity of microcystins: Environmental endocrine disruptors? An evidence-based review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158262. [PMID: 36029820 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are widely distributed cyanobacterial toxins in eutrophic waters. At present, the endocrine-disrupting effects of MCs have been extensively studied, but whether MCs can be classified as environmental endocrine disruptors (EDCs) is still unclear. This review is aimed to evaluate the rationality for MCs as to be classified as EDCs based on the available evidence. It has been identified that MCs meet eight of ten key characteristics of chemicals that can be classified as EDCs. MCs interfere with the six processes, including synthesis, release, circulation, metabolism, binding and action of natural hormones in the body. Also, they are fit two other characteristics of EDC: altering the fate of producing/responding cells and epigenetic modification. Further evidence indicates that the endocrine-disrupting effect of MCs may be an important cause of adverse health outcomes such as metabolic disorders, reproductive disorders and effects on the growth and development of offspring. Generally, MCs have endocrine-disrupting properties, suggesting that it is reasonable for them to be considered EDCs. This is of great importance in understanding and evaluating the harm done by MCs on humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Quality Control Department, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Haohao Liu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xingde Du
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xinghai Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, St Mary's University, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Zhihui Tian
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Linjia Shi
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bingyu Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shumeng Yuan
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xing Guo
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yongshui Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongxiang Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tang N, Fan P, Chen L, Yu X, Wang W, Wang W, Ouyang F. The Effect of Early Life Exposure to Triclosan on Thyroid Follicles and Hormone Levels in Zebrafish. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:850231. [PMID: 35721760 PMCID: PMC9203717 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.850231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is an antimicrobial chemical widely used in personal care products. Most of the TCS component is discharged and enters the aquatic ecosystem after usage. TCS has a similar structure as thyroid hormones that are synthesized by thyroid follicular epithelial cells, thus TCS has a potential endocrine disrupting effect. It is still not clear how the different levels of the environmental TCS would affect early development in vivo. This study examines the effects of TCS on thyroid hormone secretion and the early development of zebrafish. The fertilized zebrafish eggs were exposed to TCS at 0 (control), 3, 30, 100, 300, and 900 ng/mL, and the hatching rate and the larvae mortality were inspected within the first 14 days. The total triiodothyronine (TT3), total thyroxine (TT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4) were measured at 7, 14, and 120 days post-fertilization (dpf). The histopathological examinations of thyroid follicles were conducted at 120 dpf. TCS exposure at 30-300 ng/mL reduced the hatching rate of larvae to 34.5% to 28.2 % in the first 48 hours and 93.8 .7 % to 86.8 % at 72 h. Extremely high TCS exposure (900 ng/mL) strongly inhibited the hatching rate, and all the larvae died within 1 day. Exposure to TCS from 3 to 300 ng/mL reduced the thyroid hormones production. The mean TT3 and FT3 levels of zebrafish decreased in 300 ng/mL TCS at 14 dpf (300 ng/mL TCS vs. control : TT3 , 0.19 ± 0.08 vs. 0.39 ± 0.06; FT3, 19.21 ± 3.13 vs. 28.53 ± 1.98 pg/mg), and the FT4 decreased at 120 dpf ( 0.09 ± 0.04 vs. 0.20 ± 0.14 pg/mg). At 120 dpf , in the 300 ng/mL TCS exposure group, the nuclear area and the height of thyroid follicular epithelial cells became greater, and the follicle cell layer got thicker. This happened along with follicle hyperplasia, nuclear hypertrophy, and angiogenesis in the thyroid. Our study demonstrated that early life exposure to high TCS levels reduces the rate and speed of embryos hatching, and induces the histopathological change of thyroid follicle, and decreases the TT3, FT3, and FT4 production in zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Tang
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pianpian Fan
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xiaogang Yu
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiye Wang
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengxiu Ouyang
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Fengxiu Ouyang, ;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ma P, Hu Z, Li L, Li D, Tang R. Dietary selenium promotes the growth performance through growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axes in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:1313-1327. [PMID: 34241763 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-00974-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se), an essential component of deiodinases (DIOs), regulates the contents of thyroid hormones and thus improves animal growth. To explore the influences of selenium supplementation on fish growth metabolism, a total of 270 healthy grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) were divided into three groups and feed three graded dietary selenium (0.141, 0.562, and 1.044 mg Se/kg) levels. The results showed that after 60-day feeding, dietary selenium improved the final body weight and specific growth rate (SGR) of grass carp. The hepatic DIO activities in selenium-supplemented groups were higher than those in control group. A significant increase in triiodothyronine (T3), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels was accompanied by a decrease in the contents of thyroxine (T4) and free thyroxine (FT4) in selenium-supplemented groups. The histopathological observation of thyroid suggested that selenium deficiency resulted in hypertrophy of follicular epithelial cells. Moreover, the gene relative expression levels of dio1, dio2, and dio3 showed an increasing trend with the rising concentration of dietary selenium. The transcription levels of HPT axis-related genes (crh, tsh-β, ttr, tr-s, tpo, nis) and GH/IGF1-related genes (gh, ghr, igf1, igf1r) were significantly upregulated in selenium-supplemented groups. No significant differences in the above indicators were observed between 0.562 and 1.044 mg Se/kg diet group except T3 content and dio1 relative expression ratio. These results indicate that dietary selenium supplementation improves the hepatic DIO activities and thyroid hormone metabolism and regulates the transcription levels of HPT and GH/IGF axis-related genes, which may be responsible for the growth promotion in grass carp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pin Ma
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhenyi Hu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Rong Tang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu C, Li T, Hu C, Guo H, Ye J, Li L, Liu W, Niu L. Waterborne uranium causes toxic effect and thyroid disruption in zebrafish larvae. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111585. [PMID: 33396108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Uranium is a radioactive element that is widely present in aquatic environment. However, limited knowledge is available about the effect of uranium on thyroid system, which plays a key role in the development of animals. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to different environmentally relevant concentrations of uranium (2, 20 and 100 μg/L) for 120 h. The bioaccumulation, developmental toxicities, changes of thyroid hormones (THs) and key genes related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in larvae were analyzed after exposure. Results showed that uranium could bioaccumulate in zebrafish larvae, with the bioconcentration factors ranging from 49.6 to 523. Consequently, significant developmental toxicities and changes in locomotor activities were observed with a concentration-dependent manner. The levels of triiodothyronine (T3) levels in larvae were substantially decreased, whereas those of thyroxine (T4) were increased in fish bodies. The levels of THs were regulated by the negative feedback loops through HPT axis related genes, most of which (NIS, Deio1, Deio2, TRα, TSHβ and UGT1ab) were significantly depressed after exposure to uranium. Our results suggest the potential toxicities and thyroid disruption of uranium on zebrafish, which would provide baseline data set for better understanding the impact of waterborne uranium on aquatic organisms and the associated mechanisms. This study also highlights the key role of thyroid disruption in the ecological risk assessment of uranium pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Tianyang Li
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Chenjian Hu
- Zhejiang Radiation Environment Monitoring Station, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Hangqin Guo
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Jing Ye
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Ling Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 362021, Fujian, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lili Niu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yao F, Wu J, Ru H, Li Y, Wu L, Ni Z, Chen D, Zhong L. Thyroid disruption and developmental toxicity caused by Cd 2+ in Schizopygopsis younghusbandi larvae. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 235:108783. [PMID: 32344129 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the adverse effects of cadmium (Cd2+) on aquatic systems have attracted much attention because Cd2+ can induce endocrine disorders and toxicity in aquatic organisms at low levels. However, its effects on the thyroid system in native fish in Lhasa are still unclear. In the present study, Schizopygopsis younghusbandi larvae were exposed to Cd2+ (0.25, 2.5, 25 or 250 μg/L) for 7 or 14 days to determine its toxic effects on thyroid function. The results showed that whole-body total T4 and T3 levels were significantly decreased, which was accompanied by the significant upregulation of the expression of the dio1 and dio2 genes after exposure to Cd2+ for 7 or 14 days. Genes related to thyroid hormone synthesis (crh and tshβ) were upregulated after both 7 and 14 days of Cd2+ exposure, possibly due to the negative feedback regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis caused by a decrease in thyroid hormone. In addition, survival rates and body lengths were reduced after treatment with Cd2+. This suggests that Cd2+ caused developmental toxicity in Schizopygopsis younghusbandi larvae. An integrated assessment of biomarker response (IBR) showed that there were dose-dependent and time-dependent effects of Cd2+ exposure on Schizopygopsis younghusbandi larvae. Schizopygopsis younghusbandi larvae were sensitive to Cd2+, which caused adverse effects at a concentration as low as 2.5 μg/L. In summary, the results indicated that Cd2+ causes thyroid disruption and developmental toxicity in Schizopygopsis younghusbandi larvae and that wild Schizopygopsis younghusbandi larvae living in the Lhasa River are at potential ecological risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yao
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of the Upper-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinping Wu
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of the Upper-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Huijun Ru
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of the Upper-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of the Upper-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Luyin Wu
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of the Upper-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Zhaohui Ni
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of the Upper-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Daqing Chen
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of the Upper-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China.
| | - Liqiao Zhong
- Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of the Upper-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Thyroid disruption and developmental toxicity caused by triphenyltin (TPT) in zebrafish embryos/larvae. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 394:114957. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.114957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
9
|
Hu Q, Liu Z, Gao Y, Jia D, Tang R, Li L, Li D. Waterborne exposure to microcystin-LR alters thyroid hormone levels, iodothyronine deiodinase activities, and gene transcriptions in juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 241:125037. [PMID: 31683436 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of microcystin (MC) on the regulation of thyroid hormone (TH) metabolism in juvenile zebrafish exposed to MC-LR. The results showed that acute MC-LR exposure at concentrations ranging from 50 μg/L to 400 μg/L led to significant reductions in thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) levels in juvenile zebrafish. The transcription levels of genes involved in TH synthesis, such as corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh), thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh), thyroid peroxidase (tpo) and transthyretin (ttr), were significantly decreased followed by an increase after MC-LR exposure. Transcription of the TH nuclear receptors (tr-α and tr-β) was significantly reduced during the exposure period. Moreover, the activities of iodothyronine deiodinase type Ⅰ (ID1) and iodothyronine deiodinase type Ⅱ (ID2) showed initially decreased and then increased trend, while the activity of iodothyronine deiodinase type Ⅲ (ID3) significantly decreased during MC-LR exposure. In addition, the effect of MC-LR on deiodinase activities and T4 contents were important causes of the decreased T3 at the early exposure stage. These results indicated that acute MC-LR exposure significantly interfered with the transcription of genes related to TH synthesis, transport and metabolism, and affected normal function of the thyroid which leads to decrease of T4 and T3 in juvenile zebrafish. Therefore, the thyroid function is susceptible to interference by MC-LR, and it may cause adverse effects on the growth and development of juvenile zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Hu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Plateau Aquacultural College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Zidong Liu
- Wuhan Fisheries Technology Extension and Instruction Center, Wuhan, 430012, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Plateau Aquacultural College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Dan Jia
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Plateau Aquacultural College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Rong Tang
- College of Fisheries, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Fisheries, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- College of Fisheries, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shen W, Lou B, Xu C, Yang G, Yu R, Wang X, Li X, Wang Q, Wang Y. Lethal toxicity and gene expression changes in embryonic zebrafish upon exposure to individual and mixture of malathion, chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 239:124802. [PMID: 31521933 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are usually present as mixtures in water environments. Evaluating the toxic effects of individual pesticide may not be enough for protecting ecological environment due to interactions among substances. In this study, we aimed to examine the lethal doses and gene expression changes in zebrafish (Danio rerio) upon exposure to individual and mixture pesticides [malathion (MAL), chlorpyrifos (CHL) and lambda-cyhalothrin (LCY)]. Individual pesticide toxicity evaluation manifested that the toxicity of the three pesticides to D. rerio at various developmental stages (embryonic, larval, juvenile and adult stages) followed the order of LCY > CHL > MAL. On the contrary, the least toxicity to the animals was discovered from MAL. Most of the tested pesticides displayed lower toxicities to the embryonic stage compared with other life stages of zebrafish. Synergistic effects were monitored from two binary mixtures of LCY in combination with MAL or CHL and ternary mixture of MAL + CHL + LCY. The expressions of 16 genes involved in oxidative stress, immunity system, cell apoptosis and endocrine disruption at the mRNA level revealed that embryonic zebrafish were influenced by the individual or mixture pesticides. The expressions of Tnf, P53, TRα, Crh and Cyp19a exerted greater variations upon exposure to pesticide mixtures compared with their individual compounds. Collectively, the transcriptional responses of these genes might afford early warning biomarkers for identifying pollutant exposure, and the data acquired from this study provided valuable insights into the comprehensive toxicity of pesticide mixtures to zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products / Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture / Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products / Institute of Hydrobiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bao Lou
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products / Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture / Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products / Institute of Hydrobiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Xu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guiling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products / Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture / Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products / Institute of Hydrobiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruixian Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products / Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture / Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products / Institute of Hydrobiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products / Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture / Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products / Institute of Hydrobiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinfang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products / Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture / Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products / Institute of Hydrobiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products / Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture / Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products / Institute of Hydrobiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products / Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture / Laboratory (Hangzhou) for Risk Assessment of Agricultural Products of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products / Institute of Hydrobiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li M, Zhu J, Wang M, Fang H, Zhu G, Wang Q. Exposure to graphene oxide at environmental concentrations induces thyroid endocrine disruption and lipid metabolic disturbance in Xenopus laevis. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 236:124834. [PMID: 31549672 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) has become a topic of increasing concern for its environmental and health risks. However, the potential toxic effects of GO on wildlife remain limited. The present study chose the Xenopus laevis tadpole as a model to assess the thyroid endocrine disruption as well as the lipid metabolic disturbance of GO. Tadpoles at the 51 stage were exposed to GO (0, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg/L) for 21 days, when tadpoles were undergoing an extremely complicated phase of morphological changes and growth. GO treatment showed obvious developmental toxicity, such as shortened snout-to-vent length (SVL) and hind limb length (HLL), decreased body weight, and delayed developmental stage. Exposure to GO also induced obvious decreases in whole-body triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxin (T4) concentrations. The mRNA expression of genes related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis also changed significantly. Furthermore, we observed significant decline in the fatty acids and triglycerides (TGs) concomitantly with changes in the expression of genes involved in the synthesis and metabolism of lipids in GO exposure groups. In contrast, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and total bile acid levels increased remarkably, but cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDH) levels showed no obvious changes. Taken together, the results revealed for the first time that GO could induce thyroid endocrine disruption and produce obvious disturbance effect on lipid synthesis and metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiaping Zhu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mengcen Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hua Fang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Guonian Zhu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiangwei Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wu L, Ru H, Ni Z, Zhang X, Xie H, Yao F, Zhang H, Li Y, Zhong L. Comparative thyroid disruption by o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE in zebrafish embryos/larvae. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 216:105280. [PMID: 31518776 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
1,1-Trichloro-2-(p-chlorophenyl)-2-(o-chlorophenyl) ethane (o,p'-DDT) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (p,p'-DDE) cause thyroid disruption, but the underlying mechanisms of these disturbances in fish remain unclear. To explore the potential mechanisms of thyroid dysfunction caused by o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE, thyroid hormone and gene expression levels in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis were measured, and the developmental toxicity were recorded in zebrafish larvae. Zebrafish embryos/larvae were exposed to o,p'-DDT (0, 0.28, 2.8, and 28 nM; or 0, 0.1, 1, and 10 μg/L) and p,p'-DDE (0, 1.57, 15.7, and 157 nM; or 0, 0.5, 5, and 50 μg/L) for 7 days. The genes related to thyroid hormone synthesis (crh, tshβ, tg, nis and tpo) and thyroid development (nkx2.1 and pax8) were up-regulated in both the o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE exposure groups. Zebrafish embryos/larvae exposed to o,p'-DDT showed significantly increased total whole-body T4 and T3 levels, with the expression of ugt1ab and dio3 being significantly down-regulated. However, the p,p'-DDE exposure groups showed significantly lowered whole-body total T4 and T3 levels, which were associated with up-regulation and down-regulation expression of the expression of dio2 and ugt1ab, respectively. Interestingly, the ratio of T3 to T4 was significantly decreased in the o,p'-DDT (28 nM) and p,p'-DDE (157 nM) exposure groups, suggesting an impairment of thyroid function. In addition, reduced survival rates and body lengths and increased malformation rates were recorded after treatment with either o,p'-DDT or p,p'-DDE. In summary, our study indicates that the disruption of thyroid states was different in response to o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE exposure in zebrafish larvae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luyin Wu
- Observation Station for Fishery Resource and Environment in Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Huijun Ru
- Observation Station for Fishery Resource and Environment in Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Zhaohui Ni
- Observation Station for Fishery Resource and Environment in Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Huaxiao Xie
- Observation Station for Fishery Resource and Environment in Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Fan Yao
- Observation Station for Fishery Resource and Environment in Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - He Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology, and Visual Science, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Observation Station for Fishery Resource and Environment in Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China.
| | - Liqiao Zhong
- Observation Station for Fishery Resource and Environment in Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wu L, Li Y, Ru H, Xie H, Yao F, Ni Z, Zhong L. Parental exposure to 2,2′,4,4′5 - pentain polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDE-99) causes thyroid disruption and developmental toxicity in zebrafish. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 372:11-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
14
|
Lazcano I, Orozco A. Revisiting available knowledge on teleostean thyroid hormone receptors. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 265:128-132. [PMID: 29574147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Teleosts are the most numerous class of living vertebrates. They exhibit great diversity in terms of morphology, developmental strategies, ecology and adaptation. In spite of this diversity, teleosts conserve similarities at molecular, cellular and endocrine levels. In the context of thyroidal systems, and as in the rest of vertebrates, thyroid hormones in fish regulate development, growth and metabolism by actively entering the nucleus and interacting with thyroid hormone receptors, the final sensors of this endocrine signal, to regulate gene expression. In general terms, vertebrates express the functional thyroid hormone receptors alpha and beta, encoded by two distinct genes (thra and thrb, respectively). However, different species of teleosts express thyroid hormone receptor isoforms with particular structural characteristics that confer singular functional traits to these receptors. For example, teleosts contain two thra genes and in some species also two thrb; some of the expressed isoforms can bind alternative ligands. Also, some identified isoforms contain deletions or large insertions that have not been described in other vertebrates and that have not yet been functionally characterized. As in amphibians, the regulation of some of these teleost isoforms coincides with the climax of metamorphosis and/or life transitions during development and growth. In this review, we aimed to gain further insights into thyroid signaling from a comparative perspective by proposing a systematic nomenclature for teleost thyroid hormone receptor isoforms and summarize their particular functional features when the information was available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iván Lazcano
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Aurea Orozco
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, Querétaro 76230, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cheng H, Yan W, Wu Q, Liu C, Gong X, Hung TC, Li G. Parental exposure to microcystin-LR induced thyroid endocrine disruption in zebrafish offspring, a transgenerational toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 230:981-988. [PMID: 28763935 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR is the most poisonous and commonly encountered hepatotoxin produced by cyanobacteria in an aquatic ecosystem, and it may cause thyroid dysfunction in fish. The present study aimed to reveal the effects of transgenerational toxicity of MCLR on the thyroid endocrine system under sub-chronic exposure conditions. Adult zebrafish (F0) were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations (1, 5 and 25 μg/L) of MCLR for 45 days. The produced F1 embryos were then tested without further MCLR treatment. In the F0 generation, exposure to 25 μg/L MCLR reduced thyroxine (T4) but not 3, 5, 3'-triiodothyronine (T3) levels in females, while the T4 and T3 levels were unchanged in males. After parental exposure to MCLR, we observed a decreased hatching and growth retardation correlated with reduced thyroid hormone levels in the F1 offspring. The gene transcription and protein expression along the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis were detected to further investigate the possible mechanisms of MCLR-induced thyroid disruption. Our results indicated MCLR could disturb the thyroid endocrine system under environmentally relevant concentrations and the disrupting effects could be remarkably transmitted to its F1 offspring. We regard these adverse effects as a parental transgenerational toxicity of MCLR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houcheng Cheng
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards & Testing Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Qin Wu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiuying Gong
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tien-Chieh Hung
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Guangyu Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Aquaculture Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen R, Yuan L, Zha J, Wang Z. Developmental toxicity and thyroid hormone-disrupting effects of 2,4-dichloro-6-nitrophenol in Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 185:40-47. [PMID: 28187359 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, to evaluate embryonic toxicity and the thyroid-disrupting effects of 2,4-dichloro-6-nitrophenol (DCNP), embryos and adults of Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) were exposed to 2, 20, and 200μg/L DCNP. In the embryo-larval assay, increased percentages of mortality and occurrence of malformations, decreased percentage of hatching, and decreased body length and body weight were observed after DCNP treatment. Moreover, the whole-body T3 levels were significantly increased at 20 and 200μg/L treatments, whereas the T4 levels were markedly decreased significantly (p<0.05) for all DCNP concentrations. In the adult fish assay, plasma T3 levels were significantly increased whereas plasma T4 levels were significantly reduced in the fish treated with 20 and 200μg/L (p<0.05). In addition, DCNP exposure significantly changed the transcription levels of thyroid system related genes, including dio1, dio2, me, nis, tr, and ttr. The increased responsiveness of thyroid hormone and mRNA expression levels of thyroid system related genes suggested that DCNP could disrupt the thyroid hormone synthesis and transport pathways. Therefore, our findings provide new insights of DCNP as a thyroid hormone-disrupting chemical.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Lilai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Jinmiao Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, PR China.
| | - Zijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cao C, Wang Q, Jiao F, Zhu G. Impact of co-exposure with butachlor and triadimefon on thyroid endocrine system in larval zebrafish. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:463-9. [PMID: 27480594 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Butachlor (BTL) and triadimefon (TDF), the widely used herbicide and fungicide, are unavoidable enter into the aquatic environment. However, there were limited study regarding to the joint toxicity of these two pesticides on fish at present. AIM To evaluate the potential thyroid-disrupting toxicity and exposed to different concentrations of BTL mixed with TDF. MATERIALS AND METHODS Zebrafish embryo (n=3) were exposed to 0.01 and 0.05 fold of LC50 from the acute joint toxicity test, of which 0.32mg/L (BTL) and 9.41mg/L (TDF) for single or mixture agents (BTL: 0.0064mg/L, 0.032mg/L; TDF: 0.1882mg/L, 0.9410mg/L; co-exposure: 0.0032mg/L BTL+0.0941mg/L TDF, 0.016mg/l BTL+0.4705mg/L TDF) after 10-day post-fertilization. Hatching, malformation, survival rates and thyroid hormones (THs), genes expression involved in HPT-axis of embryos were measured and detected in control and separately/co-exposure treatments. THs contents were evaluated by ELISA kit and the expression levels of genes were determined by RT-PCR. RESULTS Hatching, malformation and survival rates of embryos exposed to single BTL exhibited no statistically significant difference from the control besides decreased of high concentration in survival rates. Exposure to TDF reduced hatching, survival rate and increased malformation. The combined exposure to BTL and TDF resulted in greater adverse effects on embryonic development. BTL exposure significantly increased free T3 and T4 contents. Elevated free T3 content was also observed in the larvae exposed with single BTL. Co-exposure of the two pesticides caused greater enhanced of T3 and T4 levels. Furthermore, gene data showed BTL up-regulated the mRNA expression of tpo, tshβ, tg, ttr, dio2, TDF up-regulated the mRNA expression of tpo, trα, ttr, dio2 and down-regulated trβ gene. The mixture of the two pesticides caused up-regulation mRNA expression of trα, trβ, tg, ttr, dio2. CONCLUSION BTL and TDF resulted in adverse effects on zebrafish embryonic development and caused thyroid endocrine disruption, BTL and TDF have a synergistic effect on development and thyroid endocrine by enhanced level of thyroid hormone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuyan Cao
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Qiangwei Wang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Fang Jiao
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Guonian Zhu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li S, Li M, Wang Q, Gui W, Zhu G. Exposure to butachlor causes thyroid endocrine disruption and promotion of metamorphosis in Xenopus laevis. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 152:158-165. [PMID: 26971167 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Butachlor is extensively applied in rice paddy ecosystem in china, and has been widespread contaminant in the aquatic environment. Here, Xenopus laevis was used for the evaluation of teratogenesis developmental toxicity, and disruption of thyroid system when exposure to different concentrations of butachlor by window phase exposure. Acute toxicity investigation shown that 96 h-LC50 value of butachlor was 1.424 mg L(-1) and 0.962 mg L(-1) for tadpoles (starting from stages 46/47) and embryos (starting from stages 8/9), respectively. Exposure to butachlor caused malformation, including abnormal eye, pericardial edema, enlarged proctodaeum and bent tail. Window phase exposure test indicated that butachlor significantly promote the contents of whole-body thyroid hormones (THs, T3 and T4) at higher levels, indicating thyroid endocrine disruption. At 7 days, exposure to butachlor up-regulated the mRNA expression of genes involved in THs synthesis and metabolism (tshα, tg, tpo and dio1) and THs receptors (trα and trβ). At 14 days, up-regulation of the mRNA expression of genes related to THs synthesis and metabolism (tshα, tshβ, tg, tpo, dio1, dio2 and ttr) and THs receptors (trβ) were also observed after the exposure to butachlor. At 21 days, butachlor up-regulated the mRNA expression of tshα, tg, tpo genes and down-regulated the mRNA expression of tshβ, tg, dio1, ttr and trα genes. These results showed that butachlor could change the mRNA expression of genes involved in the HPT axis and increase whole-body thyroid hormones levels of X. laevis tadpoles in a dose- and time-dependent manner, causing thyroid endocrine disruption and developmental toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Li
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Meng Li
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Qiangwei Wang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Wenjun Gui
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Guonian Zhu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yang M, Hu J, Li S, Ma Y, Gui W, Zhu G. Thyroid endocrine disruption of acetochlor on zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 36:844-52. [PMID: 26397822 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The herbicide acetochlor is widely used and detected in the environment and biota, and has been suspected to disrupt the thyroid endocrine system, but underlying mechanisms have not yet been clarified. In the present study, zebrafish larvae (7 days post-fertilization) were exposed to a series concentration of acetochlor (0, 1, 3, 10, 30, 100 and 300 µg l(-1) ) within a 14-day window until 21 days post-fertilization. Thyroid hormones and mRNA expression profiles of genes involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis were analyzed. Exposure to the positive control, 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3 ), altered the mRNA expression, suggesting that the HPT axis in the critical window of zebrafish responded to chemical exposure and could be used to evaluate the effects of chemicals on the thyroid endocrine system. The mRNA expressions of genes involved in thyroid hormone synthesis (tshβ, slc5a5 and tpo) were upregulated significantly with acetochlor treatment, which might be responsible for the increased thyroxine concentrations. The downregulation of genes related to thyroid hormone metabolism (dio1 and ugt1ab) and transport (ttr) in zebrafish larvae exposed to acetochlor might further explain the increased thyroxine levels and decreased T3 levels. The mRNA expression of the thyroid hormone receptor (trα) was also upregulated upon acetochlor exposure. Results suggested that acetochlor altered mRNA expression of the HPT axis-related genes and changed the whole body thyroid hormone levels in zebrafish larvae. It demonstrated that acetochlor could cause endocrine disruption of the thyroid system by simulating the biological activity of T3 . Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjin Hu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuying Li
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youning Ma
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Gui
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guonian Zhu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li ZH, Chen L, Wu YH, Li P, Li YF, Ni ZH. Alteration of thyroid hormone levels and related gene expression in Chinese rare minnow larvae exposed to mercury chloride. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 38:325-331. [PMID: 25064382 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is a prominent environmental contaminant that causes endocrine disorder to human and other organisms. But little is known about the response of the thyroid functions and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis to mercury in teleosts and the few studies that are available have not yielded consistent results. In this study, expression profiles of corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh), thyroid stimulating hormone beta (tshβ), solute carrier family 5 (sodium iodide symporter) member 5 (slc5a5), thyroglobulin (tg), thyroid hormone receptor alpha (trα) and thyroid hormone receptor beta (trβ) genes were determined in whole-body of Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) larvae after exposure to different levels of Hg(2+) (0, 0.1 and 0.3 mg/l) for 4 days, as well as the thyroid hormones (THs) levels. Moreover, the 96-h lethal concentration of Hg(2+) on rare minnow larvae was determined as 0.32 mg/l. The results showed that crh, tg, trα and trβ mRNA levels were significantly up-regulated in the larvae, but the gene expression of tshβ and slc5a5 was not significantly changed in our study. Besides, the THs levels increased in the whole-body of fish, especially the thyroxine (T4) level. The above results indicated that Hg(2+) could alter some genes expression in the HPT axis which could be used as the potential biomarkers for evaluating the environmental Hg(2+)-induced stress in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation (Ministry of Agriculture), Key Field Station for Fishery Resource and Environment in Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| | - Lu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation (Ministry of Agriculture), Key Field Station for Fishery Resource and Environment in Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Yan-Hua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation (Ministry of Agriculture), Key Field Station for Fishery Resource and Environment in Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation (Ministry of Agriculture), Key Field Station for Fishery Resource and Environment in Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Yun-Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation (Ministry of Agriculture), Key Field Station for Fishery Resource and Environment in Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Ni
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation (Ministry of Agriculture), Key Field Station for Fishery Resource and Environment in Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li ZH, Chen L, Wu YH, Li P, Li YF, Ni ZH. Effects of waterborne cadmium on thyroid hormone levels and related gene expression in Chinese rare minnow larvae. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 161:53-7. [PMID: 24521933 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium is a heavy metal abundant in the environment that can induce endocrine disorder and toxicity in aquatic organisms at low levels. However, its effects on the thyroid system in fish are still unclear. In this study, the thyroid hormone (TH) levels and the expression profiles of genes related to hypothalamic- pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, including corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh), thyroid stimulating hormone beta (tshβ), solute carrier family 5 (sodium iodide symporter) member 5 (slc5a5), thyroglobulin (tg), thyroid hormone receptor alpha (trα) and thyroid hormone receptor beta (trβ), were determined in whole body of Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) larvae after exposure to different levels of Cd(2+) (0, 0.5 and 2.5mg/L) for 4days. And the 96-h lethal concentration of Cd(2+) on rare minnow larvae was determined as 2.59mg/L. The results showed that crh, slc5a5, tg and tshβ mRNA levels were significantly up-regulated in the larvae, but the gene expression of trα and trβ was down-regulated in a concentration-dependent manner. Besides, the THs levels decreased in the whole-body of fish, especially the thyroxine (T4) level. The above results indicated that Cd(2+) could alter gene expression in the HPT axis that might subsequently contribute to thyroid disruption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation (Ministry of Agriculture), Key Field Station for Fishery Resource and Environment in Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| | - Lu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation (Ministry of Agriculture), Key Field Station for Fishery Resource and Environment in Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Yan-Hua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation (Ministry of Agriculture), Key Field Station for Fishery Resource and Environment in Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation (Ministry of Agriculture), Key Field Station for Fishery Resource and Environment in Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Yun-Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation (Ministry of Agriculture), Key Field Station for Fishery Resource and Environment in Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Ni
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation (Ministry of Agriculture), Key Field Station for Fishery Resource and Environment in Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River (Ministry of Agriculture), Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yu L, Chen M, Liu Y, Gui W, Zhu G. Thyroid endocrine disruption in zebrafish larvae following exposure to hexaconazole and tebuconazole. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 138-139:35-42. [PMID: 23685399 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The widely used triazole fungicides have the potential to disrupt endocrine system, but little is known of such effects or underlying mechanisms of hexaconazole (HEX) and tebuconazole (TEB) in fish. In the present study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to various concentrations of HEX (0.625, 1.25 and 2.5 mg/L) and TEB (1, 2 and 4 mg/L) from fertilization to 120 h post-fertilization (hpf). The whole body content of thyroid hormone and transcription of genes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis were analyzed. The results showed that thyroxine (T4) levels were significantly decreased, while triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations were significantly increased after exposure to HEX and TEB, indicating thyroid endocrine disruption. Exposure to HEX significantly induced the transcription of all the measured genes (i.e., corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSHβ), sodium/iodide symporter (NIS), transthyretin (TTR), uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT1ab), thyronine deiodinase (Dio1 and Dio2), thyroid hormone receptors (TRα and TRβ) in the HPT axis, but did not affect the transcription of thyroglobulin (TG). However, TEB exposure resulted in the upregulation of all the measured genes, excepting that TG, Dio1and TRα had not changed significantly. The overall results indicated that exposure to HEX and TEB could alter thyroid hormone levels as well as gene transcription in the HPT axis in zebrafish larvae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yan W, Zhou Y, Yang J, Li S, Hu D, Wang J, Chen J, Li G. Waterborne exposure to microcystin-LR alters thyroid hormone levels and gene transcription in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in zebrafish larvae. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 87:1301-7. [PMID: 22342285 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-leucine-arginine (MCLR) is the most toxic and the most commonly encountered variant of microcystins (MCs) in aquatic environment, and it has the potential for disrupting thyroid hormone homeostasis, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this process have not yet been clarified. In the present study, we observed body growth retardation associated with decreased levels of thyroid hormones (THs) in zebrafish larvae, highlighting the interferences of MCLR with the growth of fish larvae. To further our understanding of mechanisms of MCLR-induced endocrine toxicity, quantitative real-time PCR analysis was performed on hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis related genes of developing zebrafish embryos exposed to 100, 300 and 500 μg L(-1) MCLR until 96 h post-fertilization. The expression of several genes in the HPT system, i.e., corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), sodium/iodide symporter (NIS), thyroglobulin (TG), thyroid receptors (TRα and TRβ) and iodothyronine deiodinases (Dio1 and Dio2) was examined using quantitatively real-time PCR. The gene expression levels of CRF, TSH, NIS and TG were significantly induced after exposure to 500 μg L(-1) MCLR. The transcription of TRs gene was down-regulated in a concentration-dependent manner. Up-regulation and down-regulation of Deio1 and Deio2 gene expression, respectively, were observed upon exposure to MCLR. The above results indicated that MCLR could alter gene expression in the HPT axis which might subsequently contribute to MCLR-induced thyroid disruption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards & Testing Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Palermo FA, Mosconi G, Avella MA, Carnevali O, Verdenelli MC, Cecchini C, Polzonetti-Magni AM. Modulation of cortisol levels, endocannabinoid receptor 1A, proopiomelanocortin and thyroid hormone receptor alpha mRNA expressions by probiotics during sole (Solea solea) larval development. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2011; 171:293-300. [PMID: 21352826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated whether the use of Enterococcus faecium IMC 511 as a probiotic can modulate neuroendocrine system responses during the larval rearing of Solea solea; to this end, the gene expression patterns of proopiomelanocortin (POMC), endocannabinoid receptor 1A (CB1A), and thyroid receptor alpha (TRα) were quantified, and whole-body cortisol levels were measured. Probiotic treatment up-regulated transcription of all selected genes and cortisol concentrations on day 10 post hatch (ph), while on day 30 ph experimental groups showed significantly lower levels of both POMC and CB1A compared to those of the control group. These changes were no longer evident on day 60 ph, when POMC, CB1A, TRα gene expression and cortisol titers were found to be similar in all experimental groups. Our results suggest that metabolic responses to probiotic treatment can be modulated through the activation of genes selected for functional interaction between the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis and the melanocortin and the endocannabinoid systems. Furthermore, the observed (30 ph) down-regulation of both POMC and CB1A gene expression coupled with up-regulation of TRα mRΝΑ levels suggest the activation of a compensatory mechanism that promotes growth and development and perhaps modulates food intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Alessandro Palermo
- Centro Universitario di Ricerca per Sviluppo e Gestione delle Risorse dell'Ambiente Marino e Costiero (UNICRAM), Università degli Studi di Camerino, Lungomare A. Scipioni 6, I-63039 San Benedetto del Tronto (AP), Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li W, Zha J, Yang L, Li Z, Wang Z. Regulation of thyroid hormone related genes mRNA expression by exogenous T₃ in larvae and adult Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 31:189-197. [PMID: 21787685 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the expression time and profiles of thyroid hormone receptor alpha (trα), type I and II deiodinase enzymes (d1 and d2), transthyretin (ttr), sodium iodide symporter (nis), and thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor (trhr) genes in Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) were determined using real-time PCR. Meanwhile, the changes of these genes were investigated by exogenous T(3) (3.8 nM) in larvae and adult fish. The retardation of swim bladder development and growth inhibition were observed for larvae, and the transcription of trα, d1, d2, nis, and trhr was significantly down-regulated at the end of exposure (21 d). In adults, a down-regulation of trα, d1, nis, and trhr mRNA levels occurred at 7th or 14th day of exposure, but returned back to their normal levels similar to control at the end of exposure. The down-regulation of gene mRNA expression could serve as a compensatory mechanism for the activation of thyroid system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqin Rd 18, Haidian District, PO Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Brar NK, Waggoner C, Reyes JA, Fairey R, Kelley KM. Evidence for thyroid endocrine disruption in wild fish in San Francisco Bay, California, USA. Relationships to contaminant exposures. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2010; 96:203-215. [PMID: 19939474 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Revised: 10/02/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
It is well documented that many coastal and estuarine environments adjacent to developed and industrialized urban centers, such as the San Francisco Bay Area, are significantly contaminated by anthropogenic chemicals. However, it is not well understood to what extent existing contaminants, many with continuing inflows into the environment, may impact exposed wildlife. This study provided an initial characterization of thyroid endocrine-related effects and their relationship to accumulated contaminants in two indigenous fish species sampled from different San Franicsco Bay Area study sites. Plasma concentrations of thyroxine (T4) were significantly reduced in fish sampled from highly impacted locations such as Oakland Inner Harbor and San Leandro Bay as compared with fish from other locations representing relatively lower human impact, including Bodega Bay, Redwood City and a remote site on Santa Catalina Island. Triiodothyronine (T3) levels also varied significantly by location, with differing T3/T4 ratios in fish from some locations suggestive of altered peripheral deiodinase activity. The changes in thyroid endocrine parameters were significantly correlated with hepatic concentrations of certain environmental contaminants. A large number of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, both co-planar (dioxin-like) and non-co-planar, exhibited significant inverse correlations with T4 levels in the fish, while in contrast, T3 and T3/T4 ratio were positively correlated with PCB exposures. The positive correlation between T3/T4 ratio and PCBs supports the hypothesis that environmental PCBs may alter T4 deiodination or turnover, actions of PCBs reported in laboratory experiments. Some relationships between chlorinated pesticides including DDT and chlordanes, but fewer relationships with PAHs, were also observed. Together, these findings indicate that the thyroid endocrine system is exhibiting alterations associated with different aquatic environments in the San Francisco Bay Area, which are significantly related to current-day exposures of the fish to contaminant chemicals such as PCBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep K Brar
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, 90840, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Shi X, Liu C, Wu G, Zhou B. Waterborne exposure to PFOS causes disruption of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis in zebrafish larvae. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 77:1010-8. [PMID: 19703701 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Revised: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) play an important role in the normal development and physiological functions in fish. Environmental chemicals may adversely affect thyroid function by disturbing gene transcription. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), a persistent compound, is widely distributed in the aquatic environment and wildlife. In the present study, we investigated whether PFOS could disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to various concentrations of PFOS (0, 100, 200 and 400 microgL(-1)) and gene expression patterns were examined 15d post-fertilization. The expression of several genes in the HPT system, i.e., corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), sodium/iodide symporter (NIS), thyroglobulin (TG), thyroid peroxidase (TPO), transthyretin (TTR), iodothyronine deiodinases (Dio1 and Dio2) and thyroid receptor (TRalpha and TRbeta), was quantitatively measured using real-time PCR. The gene expression levels of CRF and TSH were significantly up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively, upon exposure to 200 and 400 microg L(-1) PFOS. A significant increase in NIS and Dio1 gene expression was observed at 200 microg L(-1) PFOS exposure, while TG gene expression was down-regulated at 200 and 400 microg L(-1) PFOS exposure. TTR gene expression was down-regulated in a concentration-dependent manner. Up-regulation and down-regulation of TRalpha and TRbeta gene expression, respectively, was observed upon exposure to PFOS. The whole body thyroxine (T(4)) content remained unchanged, whereas triiodothyronine (T(3)) levels were significantly increased, which could directly reflect disrupted thyroid hormone status after PFOS exposure. The overall results indicated that PFOS exposure could alter gene expression in the HPT axis and that mechanisms of disruption of thyroid status by PFOS could occur at several steps in the synthesis, regulation, and action of thyroid hormones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiongjie Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fazio G, Moné H, Da Silva C, Simon-Levert G, Allienne JF, Lecomte-Finiger R, Sasal P. Changes in Gene Expression in European Eels (Anguilla anguilla) Induced by Infection with Swim Bladder Nematodes (Anguillicola crassus). J Parasitol 2009; 95:808-16. [DOI: 10.1645/ge-1705.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
29
|
Li W, Zha J, Spear PA, Li Z, Yang L, Wang Z. Changes of thyroid hormone levels and related gene expression in Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) during 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole exposure and recovery. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2009; 92:50-57. [PMID: 19223083 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Revised: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) play an important role in the development and metabolism of fish through their influences on genetic transcription and are targets for endocrine disruptive agents in the aquatic environment. Amitrole is a pesticide potentially interfering with thyroid hormone regulation. In this study, the rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) was exposed to different levels of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (amitrole) and allowed to recover in clean water. Plasma TH levels and the expression of TH-related genes, including transthyretin (ttr), deiodinases (d1 and d2), and the thyroid hormone receptor (tralpha) from the livers and brains were evaluated. After exposure, the plasma TH levels did not change. Histopathological observations showed that livers were degenerated at 10,000 ng/l and these damages could be recovered by the withdrawal of amitrole. However, the ttr, d1, and d2 mRNA levels in the livers of males were significantly up-regulated in all exposure groups (p<0.05). The ttr and d2 mRNA levels were significantly up-regulated at 10,000 ng/l and 10, 100, and 1000 ng/l in the livers of females, respectively (p<0.05). In the brains of males, a twofold increase of d2 mRNA levels at > or = 100 ng/l and a fivefold decrease of tralpha mRNA levels at > or = 10 ng/l were observed (p<0.05), whereas no significant differences were observed in the expression of d2 and tralpha in the brains of females. After a recovery period, the ttr, d1, and d2 mRNA levels in the livers of males returned to control levels, but the tralpha mRNA levels were irreversibly decreased at all treatments (p<0.05). In addition, the d2 mRNA levels in the livers of females were significantly induced at > or = 100 ng/l. Moreover, the d2 mRNA levels in the brains of males and females were up-regulated at 10,000 ng/l. These results indicated that amitrole exposure could result in alternations of ttr, d1, d2, and tralpha gene expression in different tissues of the rare minnow. The expression of these TH-related genes in males was more sensitive to amitrole than those of females. Recovery in clean water was associated with the selective regulation of TH-related gene transcription in the rare minnow. Therefore, these TH-related genes can serve as biomarkers to screen the effects of thyroid disruption chemicals in rare minnow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nelson ER, Habibi HR. Thyroid receptor subtypes: structure and function in fish. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2009; 161:90-6. [PMID: 18840444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Revised: 08/31/2008] [Accepted: 09/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are important regulators of vertebrate growth and development, and are under the control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. Nuclear thyroid receptors (TRs), which act as inducible transcription factors, mediate cellular functions of thyroid hormones. The molecular structure of several subtypes of TRs have been elucidated in vertebrate species, including N-terminal truncations as well as C-terminal variations in the domain responsible for binding hormone. In this paper, we review current information on the thyroid receptors studied in the vertebrate species with emphasis on recent findings in goldfish concerning functional significance of the thyroid receptor subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik R Nelson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W. Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4.
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gorman KF, Breden F. Idiopathic-type scoliosis is not exclusive to bipedalism. Med Hypotheses 2008; 72:348-52. [PMID: 19070438 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2008.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2008] [Revised: 09/12/2008] [Accepted: 09/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human familial/idiopathic-type scoliosis (IS) is a complex genetic disorder for which the cause is unknown. The curve phenotype characteristically demonstrates pronounced morphological and developmental variability that is likely a consequence of biomechanical, environmental, and genetic differences between individuals. In addition, risk factors that affect the propensity for curves to progress to severity are unknown. Progress in understanding the fundamental biology of idiopathic-type scoliosis has been limited by the lack of a genetic/developmental animal model. Prior to consideration of teleosts, developmental idiopathic-type scoliosis has been considered to be exclusive to humans. Consequently, there is the notion that the syndrome is a result of bipedalism, and many studies try to explain the deformity from this anthrocentric viewpoint. This perspective has been reinforced by the choice of animals used for study, in that chickens and bipedal rats and mice demonstrate idiopathic-type curvature when made melatonin-deficient, but quadrupedal animals do not. Overlooked is the fact that teleosts also demonstrate similar curvature when made melatonin-deficient. Our characterization of the guppy curveback has demonstrated that non-induced idiopathic-type curvature is not exclusive to humans, nor bipedalism. We hypothesize that unique morphological, developmental and genetic parallels between the human and guppy syndromes are due to common molecular pathways involved in the etiopathogenesis of both phenotypes. We explore established gene conservation between human and teleost genomes that are in pathways hypothesized to be involved in the IS syndrome. We present non-induced vertebral wedging as a unique shared feature in IS and curveback that suggests a similar interaction between a molecular phenotype on the level of the vertebral anatomy, and biomechanics. We propose that rather than bipedalism per se, expression of idiopathic-type scoliosis is dependent on normal spinal loading applied along the cranio-caudal axis that interacts with an unknown factor causing the primary curve. In this regard, a comparative biological approach using a simplified teleost model will promote discovery of basic processes integral to idiopathic-type scoliosis in teleosts and humans, and highlight human-specific aspects of the deformity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen F Gorman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6.
| | | |
Collapse
|