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Khvorova IA, Nadei OV, Agalakova NI. Differential protein expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases in erythrocytes and liver of lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis on the course of prespawning starvation. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 264:111108. [PMID: 34728403 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The study was designed to identify the types of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in erythrocytes and liver tissues of river lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis and monitor the changes in protein expression levels of found enzymes on the course of prespawning starvation (from November to the end of May). Immunoreactivity of the native and phosphorylated forms of ERK1/2, JNK and p38 was examined in the cytosolic and membrane cell fractions. Both lamprey erythrocytes and liver were found to highly express ERK1/2 and JNK, whereas only trace amounts of p38 were revealed in hepatic tissues. ERK1/2 was identified in cytosolic and membrane fractions, whereas JNK and p38 were predominantly cytosolic enzymes. Total cellular amounts of ERK1/2 and phospho-ERK1/2 in both erythrocytes and liver tissues appeared to be relatively stable on the course of prespawning starvation. However, before spawning ERK1/2 translocated from cytosol to membranes, with partial decline of its cytoplasmic expression being compensated by increases in membrane-bound pool. Immunoreactivity of cytoplasmic JNK, phospho-JNK and p38 were stable from November to March, but sharply decreased before spawning exhibiting almost negligible levels in May, which suggests the depletion of their cellular fractions. Most probably, ERK1/2 plays more important role in mediating adaptive responses of erythrocytes and liver tissues to conditions of natural starvation and maintenance of cell viability before spawning and death of animals in May.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Khvorova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez av. 44, Saint-Petersburg, 194223, Russia
| | - Olga V Nadei
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez av. 44, Saint-Petersburg, 194223, Russia
| | - Natalia I Agalakova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez av. 44, Saint-Petersburg, 194223, Russia.
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Chung-Davidson YW, Bussy U, Fissette SD, Scott AM, Li W. Bile acid production is life-stage and sex-dependent and affected by primer pheromones in the sea lamprey. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:jeb.229476. [PMID: 33758020 PMCID: PMC8181240 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.229476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pheromonal bile salts are important for sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus) to complete their life cycle. The synthesis and release of a releaser/primer pheromone 3-keto petromyzonol sulfate (3kPZS) by spermiating males have been well characterized. 3kPZS evokes sexual behaviors in ovulatory females, induces immediate 3kPZS release in spermiating males, and elicits neuroendocrine responses in prespawning adults. Another primer pheromone released by spermiating males, 3-keto allocholic acid (3kACA), antagonizes the neuroendocrine effects of 3kPZS in prespermiating males. However, the effects of 3kACA and 3kPZS on pheromone production in prespawning adults is unclear. To understand the foundation of pheromone production, we examined sea lamprey bile salt levels at different life stages. To investigate the priming effects of 3kACA and 3kPZS, we exposed prespawning adults with vehicle or synthetic 3kACA or 3kPZS. We hypothesized that endogenous bile salt levels were life-stage and sex-dependent, and differentially affected by 3kACA and 3kPZS in prespawning adults. Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, we found that sea lampreys contained distinct mixtures of bile salts in the liver and plasma at different life stages. Males usually contained higher amounts of bile salts than females. Petromyzonamine disulfate was the most abundant C27 bile salt and petromyzonol sulfate was the most abundant C24 bile salt. Waterborne 3kACA and 3kPZS exerted differential effects on bile salt production in the liver and gill, their circulation and clearance in the plasma, and their release into water. We conclude that bile salt levels are life-stage and sex-dependent and differentially affected by primer pheromones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Chung-Davidson
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Natural Resources Building, Rm. 13, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Ugo Bussy
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Natural Resources Building, Rm. 13, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Skye D Fissette
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Natural Resources Building, Rm. 13, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Anne M Scott
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Natural Resources Building, Rm. 13, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Natural Resources Building, Rm. 13, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
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Chung-Davidson YW, Bussy U, Fissette SD, Li W. Sex-dependent pheromonal effects on steroid hormone levels in sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 299:113608. [PMID: 32890479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) are basal vertebrates that exhibit reproductive control via a hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. The function and evolution of the hypothalamic and pituitary peptide hormones are well studied in this species, whereas the functions of classical sex steroid hormones have not been well established due to their low or non-detectable plasma levels. Sea lamprey pheromone 3-keto petromyzonol sulfate (3kPZS) has been shown to increase while 3-keto allocholic acid (3kACA) decreases plasma 15α-hydroxyprogesterone (15αP) levels in prespermiating males (PSM) but not in preovulatory females (POF). However, spermiating male washings that contain both 3kPZS and 3kACA facilitate spawning in both sexes. Therefore, we wondered if the effects of pheromones on POF were elicited by classical steroid hormones such as progesterone, androstenedione, testosterone and estradiol. We hypothesized that waterborne 3kACA and 3kPZS differentially alter steroid hormone levels in prespawning sea lampreys. We determined the sex differences and pheromonal effects on steroid hormone levels in prespawning sea lampreys using sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) methods. Some PSM became spermiating (SM) at the time of sample collection, and those data were treated as a separate group. We found that males contained more androstenedione and progesterone in the gonad and more estradiol and testosterone in the plasma than POF, whereas POF contained more gonadal testosterone than males (no detectable gonadal testosterone). In POF, 3kPZS decreased gonadal androstenedione but increased gonadal progesterone and plasma estradiol, whereas 3kACA only increased gonadal progesterone levels. Exposure to 3kPZS for 4 h increased plasma 15αP in POF and SM, and gonadal 15αP in POF. Interestingly, 3kACA or 3kPZS depleted gonadal or plasma 15αP in PSM at various time points. On the other hand, both pheromones had no significant effect on androstenedione, progesterone or estradiol levels in males. Plasma testosterone levels did not change after pheromone exposure in both sexes. We conclude that sea lamprey pheromones 3kACA and 3kPZS induced differential steroidal responses in POF, PSM and SM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Chung-Davidson
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Natural Resources Building, Rm. 13, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Ugo Bussy
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Natural Resources Building, Rm. 13, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Skye Daniel Fissette
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Natural Resources Building, Rm. 13, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Natural Resources Building, Rm. 13, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Chung-Davidson YW, Bussy U, Fissette SD, Huerta B, Li W. Waterborne pheromones modulate gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone levels in sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 288:113358. [PMID: 31837303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.113358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The relationships between pheromone stimuli and neuropeptides are not well established in vertebrates due to the limited number of unequivocally identified pheromone molecules. The sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) is an advantageous vertebrate model to study the effects of pheromone exposure on neuropeptides since many pheromone molecules and neuropeptides have been identified in this species. Sexually mature male sea lamprey release pheromones 7α, 12α, 24-trihydroxy-5α-cholan-3-one 24-sulfate (3 keto-petromyzonol sulfate, 3kPZS) and 7α, 12α-dihydroxy-5α-cholan-3-one-24-oic acid (3-keto allocholic acid, 3kACA) that differentially regulate gonadotropin-releasing hormone (lGnRH) and steroid levels in sexually immature sea lamprey. However, the effects of these pheromones on gonadotropin-inhibitory hormones (GnIHs), hypothalamic neuropeptides that regulate lGnRH release, are still elusive. In this report, we sought to examine the effects of waterborne pheromones on lamprey GnIH-related neuropeptide levels in sexually immature sea lamprey. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) analyses revealed sex differences in GnIH-related neuropeptide levels in the brain and plasma of immature sea lamprey. Exposure to 3kPZS and 3kACA exerted differential effects on GnIH-related neuropeptide levels in both sexes, but the effects were more prominent in female brains. We conclude that sea lamprey pheromones regulate GnIH-related neuropeptide levels in a sexually dimorphic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Chung-Davidson
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Natural Resources Building, Rm. 13, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Ugo Bussy
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Natural Resources Building, Rm. 13, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Skye Daniel Fissette
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Natural Resources Building, Rm. 13, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Belinda Huerta
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Natural Resources Building, Rm. 13, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Natural Resources Building, Rm. 13, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Shiffka SJ, Kane MA, Swaan PW. Planar bile acids in health and disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:2269-2276. [PMID: 28887043 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids are the amphipathic primary end-products of cholesterol metabolism that aid in digestion as well as participate in signal transduction in several hepatic and enteric pathways. Despite the reputation of bile acids as signaling molecules implicated in disease states such as cancer and diabetes, there remain numerous bile acid species that are weakly characterized in either physiological or pathological conditions. This review presents one such group: the flat or planar bile acids, a set of bile acids found in humans during infancy and occurring again during certain diseases. As their name implies, these molecules are structurally distinct from the typical human bile acids, retaining the planar structure of their cholesterol predecessor instead of bending or twisting at the A ring. This review defines these species of bile acids in detail and describes their presence in infancy, gestation, and in disease. The large gaps in research regarding the flat bile acids are highlighted and all available experimental knowledge collected as far as 60years ago is summarized. Further, the potential for these molecules as endogenous biomarkers of liver disease and injury is discussed. Finally, the flat bile salts found in humans are compared to the ancestral and evolutionary older bile salts, which similarly have a flat steroidal structure, as mechanisms of flat bile acid biosynthesis are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J Shiffka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Maureen A Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Peter W Swaan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Siefkes MJ. Use of physiological knowledge to control the invasive sea lamprey ( Petromyzon marinus) in the Laurentian Great Lakes. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 5:cox031. [PMID: 28580146 PMCID: PMC5448140 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cox031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) control in the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America is an example of using physiological knowledge to successfully control an invasive species and rehabilitate an ecosystem and valuable fishery. The parasitic sea lamprey contributed to the devastating collapse of native fish communities after invading the Great Lakes during the 1800s and early 1900s. Economic tragedy ensued with the loss of the fishery and severe impacts to property values and tourism resulting from sea lamprey-induced ecological changes. To control the sea lamprey and rehabilitate the once vibrant Great Lakes ecosystem and economy, the Great Lakes Fishery Commission (Commission) was formed by treaty between Canada and the United States in 1955. The Commission has developed a sea lamprey control programme based on their physiological vulnerabilities, which includes (i) the application of selective pesticides (lampricides), which successfully kill sedentary sea lamprey larvae in their natal streams; (ii) barriers to spawning migrations and associated traps to prevent infestations of upstream habitats and remove adult sea lamprey before they reproduce; and (iii) the release of sterilized males to reduce the reproductive potential of spawning populations in select streams. Since 1958, the application of the sea lamprey control programme has suppressed sea lamprey populations by ~90% from peak abundance. Great Lakes fish populations have rebounded and the economy is now thriving. In hopes of further enhancing the efficacy and selectivity of the sea lamprey control programme, the Commission is exploring the use of (i) sea lamprey chemosensory cues (pheromones and alarm cues) to manipulate behaviours and physiologies, and (ii) genetics to identify and manipulate genes associated with key physiological functions, for control purposes. Overall, the Commission capitalizes on the unique physiology of the sea lamprey and strives to develop a diverse integrated programme to successfully control a once devastating invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Siefkes
- Great Lakes Fishery Commission, 2100 Commonwealth Blvd., Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Corresponding author: Great Lakes Fishery Commission, 2100 Commonwealth Blvd., Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA. Tel: +1 7346693013; Fax: +1 7347412010;
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Sorensen PW, Johnson NS. Theory and Application of Semiochemicals in Nuisance Fish Control. J Chem Ecol 2016; 42:698-715. [PMID: 27417504 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-016-0729-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Controlling unwanted, or nuisance, fishes is becoming an increasingly urgent issue with few obvious solutions. Because fish rely heavily on semiochemicals, or chemical compounds that convey information between and within species, to mediate aspects of their life histories, these compounds are increasingly being considered as an option to help control wild fish. Possible uses of semiochemicals include measuring their presence in water to estimate population size, adding them to traps to count or remove specific species of fish, adding them to waterways to manipulate large-scale movement patterns, and saturating the environment with synthesized semiochemicals to disrupt responses to the natural cue. These applications may be especially appropriate for pheromones, chemical signals that pass between members of same species and which also have extreme specificity and potency. Alarm cues, compounds released by injured fish, and cues released by potential predators also could function as repellents and be especially useful if paired with pheromonal attractants in "push-pull" configurations. Approximately half a dozen attractive pheromones now have been partially identified in fish, and those for the sea lamprey and the common carp have been tested in the field with modest success. Alarm and predator cues for sea lamprey also have been tested in the laboratory and field with some success. Success has been hampered by our incomplete understanding of chemical identity, a lack of synthesized compounds, the fact that laboratory bioassays do not always reflect natural environments, and the relative difficulty of conducting trials on wild fishes because of short field seasons and regulatory requirements. Nevertheless, workers continue efforts to identify pheromones because of the great potential elucidated by insect control and the fact that few tools are available to control nuisance fish. Approaches developed for nuisance fish also could be applied to valued fishes, which suffer from a lack of powerful management tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Sorensen
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife & Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, 324 Skok Hall, St Paul Campus, MN, 55108, USA.
| | - Nicholas S Johnson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Hammond Bay Biological Station, Great Lakes Science Center, 11188 Ray Road, Millersburg, MI, 49759, USA
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Buchinger TJ, Siefkes MJ, Zielinski BS, Brant CO, Li W. Chemical cues and pheromones in the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). Front Zool 2015; 12:32. [PMID: 26609313 PMCID: PMC4658815 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-015-0126-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical cues and pheromones guide decisions in organisms throughout the animal kingdom. The neurobiology, function, and evolution of olfaction are particularly well described in insects, and resulting concepts have driven novel approaches to pest control. However, aside from several exceptions, the olfactory biology of vertebrates remains poorly understood. One exception is the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), which relies heavily upon olfaction during reproduction. Here, we provide a broad review of the chemical cues and pheromones used by the sea lamprey during reproduction, including overviews of the sea lamprey olfactory system, chemical cues and pheromones, and potential applications to population management. The critical role of olfaction in mediating the sea lamprey life cycle is evident by a well-developed olfactory system. Sea lamprey use chemical cues and pheromones to identify productive spawning habitat, coordinate spawning behaviors, and avoid risk. Manipulation of olfactory biology offers opportunities for management of populations in the Laurentian Great Lakes, where the sea lamprey is a destructive invader. We suggest that the sea lamprey is a broadly useful organism with which to study vertebrate olfaction because of its simple but well-developed olfactory organ, the dominant role of olfaction in guiding behaviors during reproduction, and the direct implications for vertebrate pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Buchinger
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | | | - Barbara S Zielinski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON Canada
| | - Cory O Brant
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
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Bryan MB, Chung-Davidson YW, Ren J, Bowman S, Scott AP, Huertas M, Connolly MP, Li W. Evidence that progestins play an important role in spermiation and pheromone production in male sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 212:17-27. [PMID: 25623147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Progestins (progestogens, C21 steroids) have been shown to regulate key physiological activities for reproduction in both sexes in all classes of vertebrates except for Agnathans. Progesterone (P) and 15α-hydroxyprogesterone (15α-P) have been detected in sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) plasma, but the expression patterns and functions of putative progestin receptor genes have not yet been investigated. The first objective of this study was to determine the differences in mRNA expression levels of nuclear progestin receptor (nPR) and the membrane receptor adaptor protein 'progesterone receptor membrane component 1' (pgrmc1) in putative target tissues in males at different life stages, with and without lamprey GnRH-I and -III treatment. The second objective was to demonstrate the function of progestins by implanting prespermiating males (PSM) with time-release pellets of P and measuring the latency to the onset of spermiation and plasma concentrations of sex pheromones and steroids. The third objective was to measure the binding affinity of P in the nuclear and membrane fractions of the target tissues. Expression levels of nPR and pgrmc1 differed between life stages and tissues, and in some cases were differentially responsive to lamprey GnRH-I and -III. Increases in nPR and pgrmc1 gene expressions were correlated to the late stages of sexual maturation in males. The highest expression levels of these genes were found in the liver and gill of spermiating males. These organs are, respectively, the site of production and release of the sex pheromone 3 keto-petromyzonol sulfate (3kPZS). The hypothesis that pheromone production may be under hormonal control was tested in vivo by implanting PSM with time-release pellets of P. Concentrations of 3kPZS in plasma after 1week were 50-fold higher than in controls or in males that had been implanted with androstenedione, supporting the hypothesis that P is responsible for regulating the production of the sex pheromone. P treatment also accelerated the onset of spermiation. Saturation and Scatchard analyses of the target tissues showed that both nuclear and membrane fractions bound P with high affinity and low capacity (KD 0.53pmol/g testis and 0.22 pmol/g testis, and Bmax 1.8 and 5.7 nM, respectively), similar to the characteristics of nPR and mPR in other fish. The fact that a high proportion of P was also converted in vivo to 15α-P means that it is not yet possible to determine which of these two steroids is the natural ligand in the sea lamprey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Beth Bryan
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 13 Natural Resources Building, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Yu-Wen Chung-Davidson
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 13 Natural Resources Building, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jianfeng Ren
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Stephen Bowman
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 13 Natural Resources Building, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Alexander P Scott
- The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Mar Huertas
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 13 Natural Resources Building, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Michael Patrick Connolly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 212 Biochemistry Building, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 13 Natural Resources Building, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Johnson NS, Yun SS, Li W. Investigations of novel unsaturated bile salts of male sea lamprey as potential chemical cues. J Chem Ecol 2014; 40:1152-60. [PMID: 25355633 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-014-0511-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Sulfated bile salts function as chemical cues that coordinate reproduction in sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus. 7α, 12α, 24-trihydroxy-5α-cholan-3-one 24-sulfate (3kPZS) is the most abundant known bile salt released by sexually mature male sea lampreys and attracts ovulated females. However, previous studies showed that the male-produced pheromone consists of unidentified components in addition to 3kPZS. Here, analysis of water conditioned with mature male sea lampreys indicated the presence of 4 oxidized, unsaturated compounds with molecular weights of 466 Da, 468 Da, and 2 of 470 Da. These compounds were not detectable in water conditioned with immature male sea lampreys. By using mass spectrometry, 4 A-ring unsaturated sulfated bile salts were tentatively identified from male washings as 2 4-ene, a 1-ene, and a 1,4-diene analogs. These were synthesized to determine if they attracted ovulated female sea lampreys to spawning nests in natural streams. One of the novel synthetic bile salts, 3 keto-1-ene PZS, attracted ovulated females to the point of application at a concentration of 10(-12) M. This study reveals the structural diversity of bile salts in sea lamprey, some of which have been demonstrated to be pheromonal cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Johnson
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 13 Natural Resources Building, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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Wang H, Chung-Davidson YW, Li W. Identification and quantification of sea lamprey gonadotropin-releasing hormones by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1345:98-106. [PMID: 24768126 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRH) are neuropeptide hormones that regulate reproduction in vertebrates. Twenty-five unique chordate GnRH isoforms have been identified, all with very similar molecular architecture. Identification and quantification of endogenous GnRH in biological samples is extremely challenging due to the high levels of sequence similarity among these GnRH peptides and complexity of the biological matrices laden with large numbers of other peptides and protein degradation fragments, and due to low levels of GnRH abundance. In this study, three lamprey GnRH (lGnRH-I, -II, and -III) were extracted from sea lamprey brain tissue and plasma samples by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and identified by a high resolution Q-TOF mass spectrometry (MS). A rapid quantitation method was developed and validated to determine the concentrations of these three lGnRHs by using a UPLC coupled tandem MS in positive ESI multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Luteinizing hormone-release hormone (LHRH, one of the mammalian GnRHs) was used as the internal standard. The developed quantitation method was fully validated for its recovery, matrix effect, linearity, repeatability, precision and accuracy, and storage stability. This method exhibited excellent linearity in a broad concentration range for all three lGnRHs (R(2)>0.99) and limits of detection (LOD; as low as 0.007 ng/mL). Brain and plasma samples from a total of 280 sea lampreys were analyzed with the developed method to investigate the biological relevance of the lGnRH levels. The concentrations of these three lGnRHs were detected at levels of pictogram per microgram brain tissue and milliliter of plasma. The obtained analytical performance parameters and collected data from real biological samples have proven that this is a robust, sensitive, and fully validated LC-MS/MS method to simultaneously quantify three neuropeptide hormones in complex biological matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyong Wang
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Room 13 Natural Resources Building, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Yu-Wen Chung-Davidson
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Room 13 Natural Resources Building, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Room 13 Natural Resources Building, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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