1
|
Benrabaa SAM, Chang SA, Chang ES, Mykles DL. Effects of molting on the expression of ecdysteroid responsive genes in the crustacean molting gland (Y-organ). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 355:114548. [PMID: 38761872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Ecdysteroid molting hormones coordinate arthropod growth and development. Binding of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) to ecdysteroid receptor EcR/RXR activates a cascade of nuclear receptor transcription factors that mediate tissue responses to hormone. Insect ecdysteroid responsive and Forkhead box class O (FOXO) transcription factor gene sequences were used to extract orthologs from blackback land crab (Gecarcinus lateralis) Y-organ (YO) transcriptome: Gl-Ecdysone Receptor (EcR), Gl-Broad Complex (Br-C), Gl-E74, Gl-Hormone Receptor 3 (HR3), Gl-Hormone Receptor 4 (HR4), Gl-FOXO, and Gl-Fushi tarazu factor-1 (Ftz-f1). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction quantified mRNA levels in tissues from intermolt animals and in YO of animals induced to molt by multiple limb autotomy (MLA) or eyestalk ablation (ESA). Gl-EcR, Gl-Retinoid X Receptor (RXR), Gl-Br-C, Gl-HR3, Gl-HR4, Gl-E74, Gl-E75, Gl-Ftz-f1, and Gl-FOXO were expressed in all 10 tissues, with Gl-Br-C, Gl-E74, Gl-E75, and Gl-HR4 mRNA levels in the YO lower than those in most of the other tissues. In MLA animals, molting had no effect on Gl-Br-C, Gl-E74, and Gl-Ftz-f1 mRNA levels and little effect on Gl-EcR, Gl-E75, and Gl-HR4 mRNA levels. Gl-HR3 and Gl-FOXO mRNA levels were increased during premolt stages, while Gl-RXR mRNA level was highest during intermolt and premolt stages and lowest at postmolt stage. In ESA animals, YO mRNA levels were not correlated with hemolymph ecdysteroid titers. ESA had no effect on Gl-EcR, Gl-E74, Gl-HR3, Gl-HR4, Gl-Ftz-f1, and Gl-FOXO mRNA levels, while Gl-RXR, Gl-Br-C, and Gl-E75 mRNA levels were decreased at 3 days post-ESA. These data suggest that transcriptional up-regulation of Gl-FOXO and Gl-HR3 contributes to increased YO ecdysteroidogenesis during premolt. By contrast, transcriptional regulation of ecdysteroid responsive genes and ecdysteroidogenesis were uncoupled in the YO of ESA animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharon A Chang
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Bodega Bay, CA 94923, USA
| | - Ernest S Chang
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Bodega Bay, CA 94923, USA
| | - Donald L Mykles
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Bodega Bay, CA 94923, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mo N, Shao S, Cui Z, Bao C. Roles of eyestalk in salinity acclimatization of mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) by transcriptomic analysis. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 52:101276. [PMID: 38935995 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Salinity acclimatization refers to the physiological and behavioral adjustments made by crustaceans to adapt to varying salinity environments. The eyestalk, a neuroendocrine organ in crustaceans, plays a crucial role in salinity acclimatization. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying eyestalk involvement in mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) acclimatization, we employed RNA-seq technology to analyze transcriptomic changes in the eyestalk under low (5 ppt) and standard (23 ppt) salinity conditions. This analysis revealed 5431 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 2372 upregulated and 3059 downregulated. Notably, these DEGs were enriched in crucial biological pathways like metabolism, osmoregulation, and signal transduction. To validate the RNA-seq data, we further analyzed 15 DEGs of interest using qRT-PCR. Our results suggest a multifaceted role for the eyestalk: maintaining energy homeostasis, regulating hormone synthesis and release, PKA activity, and downstream signaling, and ensuring proper ion and osmotic balance. Furthermore, our findings indicate that the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) may function as a key regulator, modulating carbonic anhydrase expression through the activation of the PKA signaling pathway, thereby influencing cellular osmoregulation, and associated metabolic processes. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into unraveling the molecular mechanisms of mud crab acclimatization to low salinity environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Mo
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Shucheng Shao
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Zhaoxia Cui
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Chenchang Bao
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Flores KA, Pérez-Moreno JL, Durica DS, Mykles DL. Phylogenetic and transcriptomic characterization of insulin and growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases in crustaceans. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1379231. [PMID: 38638139 PMCID: PMC11024359 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1379231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) mediate the actions of growth factors in metazoans. In decapod crustaceans, RTKs are implicated in various physiological processes, such molting and growth, limb regeneration, reproduction and sexual differentiation, and innate immunity. RTKs are organized into two main types: insulin receptors (InsRs) and growth factor receptors, which include epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR). The identities of crustacean RTK genes are incomplete. A phylogenetic analysis of the CrusTome transcriptome database, which included all major crustacean taxa, showed that RTK sequences segregated into receptor clades representing InsR (72 sequences), EGFR (228 sequences), FGFR (129 sequences), and PDGFR/VEGFR (PVR; 235 sequences). These four receptor families were distinguished by the domain organization of the extracellular N-terminal region and motif sequences in the protein kinase catalytic domain in the C-terminus or the ligand-binding domain in the N-terminus. EGFR1 formed a single monophyletic group, while the other RTK sequences were divided into subclades, designated InsR1-3, FGFR1-3, and PVR1-2. In decapods, isoforms within the RTK subclades were common. InsRs were characterized by leucine-rich repeat, furin-like cysteine-rich, and fibronectin type 3 domains in the N-terminus. EGFRs had leucine-rich repeat, furin-like cysteine-rich, and growth factor IV domains. N-terminal regions of FGFR1 had one to three immunoglobulin-like domains, whereas FGFR2 had a cadherin tandem repeat domain. PVRs had between two and five immunoglobulin-like domains. A classification nomenclature of the four RTK classes, based on phylogenetic analysis and multiple sequence alignments, is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaylie A. Flores
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | | | - David S. Durica
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Donald L. Mykles
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Bodega Bay, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu Y, Pates S, Pauly D, Zhang X, Fu D. Rapid growth in a large Cambrian apex predator. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwad284. [PMID: 38312385 PMCID: PMC10833464 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of ontogenetic data on early diverging euarthropods to our understanding of the ecology and evolution of past life, the data are distinctly lacking, as reconstructing life histories of fossil animals is often challenging. Here we report the growth trajectory of frontal appendages of the apex predator Amplectobelua symbrachiata, one of the most common radiodont arthropods from the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota (c. 520 Ma) of China. Analysis of 432 specimens (9.1-137.1 mm length; 1.3-25.6 mm height) reveals that appendages grew isometrically, with an estimated maximum size of the whole animal of c. 90 cm. Individuals grew rapidly compared to extant arthropods, as assessed using the electronic length-frequency analysis (ELEFAN) approach. Therefore, we show that the Cambrian apex predator A. symbrachiata was an extremely fast-growing arthropod, with an unusual life history strategy that formed as part of the escalatory 'arms race' that shaped the Cambrian explosion over 500 Ma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environment, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Stephen Pates
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Daniel Pauly
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xingliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environment, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Dongjing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environment, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sullivan LF, Barker MS, Felix PC, Vuong RQ, White BH. Neuromodulation and the toolkit for behavioural evolution: can ecdysis shed light on an old problem? FEBS J 2024; 291:1049-1079. [PMID: 36223183 PMCID: PMC10166064 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The geneticist Thomas Dobzhansky famously declared: 'Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution'. A key evolutionary adaptation of Metazoa is directed movement, which has been elaborated into a spectacularly varied number of behaviours in animal clades. The mechanisms by which animal behaviours have evolved, however, remain unresolved. This is due, in part, to the indirect control of behaviour by the genome, which provides the components for both building and operating the brain circuits that generate behaviour. These brain circuits are adapted to respond flexibly to environmental contingencies and physiological needs and can change as a function of experience. The resulting plasticity of behavioural expression makes it difficult to characterize homologous elements of behaviour and to track their evolution. Here, we evaluate progress in identifying the genetic substrates of behavioural evolution and suggest that examining adaptive changes in neuromodulatory signalling may be a particularly productive focus for future studies. We propose that the behavioural sequences used by ecdysozoans to moult are an attractive model for studying the role of neuromodulation in behavioural evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis F Sullivan
- Section on Neural Function, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew S Barker
- Section on Neural Function, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Princess C Felix
- Section on Neural Function, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard Q Vuong
- Section on Neural Function, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin H White
- Section on Neural Function, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ge F, Yu Q, Zhang J, Han Y, Zhu D, Xie X. E93 gene in the swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus: Responsiveness to 20-hydroxyecdysone and methyl farnesoate and role on regulating ecdysteroid synthesis. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 270:110910. [PMID: 38193341 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2023.110910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Ecdysone-induced protein 93 (E93) is a metamorphic determinant involved in crosstalk between 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and juvenile hormone (JH) during the insect molting process. The present study identified the E93 gene from the swimming crab, P. trituberculatus, and found it was widely distributed in adult tissues. PtE93 mRNA levels in Y-organ and epidermis fluctuated during the molt cycle, suggesting its involvement in juvenile molting. In vitro and in vivo treatments with 20E led to an induction of PtE93 expression in Y-organ and epidermis, while we found the opposite effect for methyl farnesoate (MF) treatments, a crustacean equivalent of insect JH. We also observed that two genes for ecdysteroid biosynthesis, Spook (Spo) and Shadow (Sad), were suppressed by 20E and induced by MF, showing a negative correlation between PtE93 and ecdysteroid biosynthesis. PtE93 RNA interference (RNAi) induced Spo and Sad expression levels, elevated ecdysteroid content in culture medium, and relieved the 20E inhibitory effect on ecdysteroid synthesis, indicating an inhibitory role of PtE93 on ecdysteroid synthesis. Overall, our results suggest that E93 may be involved in the crosstalk between 20E and MF during crustacean molting, and its presence in Y-organ is closely related to ecdysteroid synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Ge
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qiaoling Yu
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yaoyao Han
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Dongfa Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Xi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mo N, Shao S, Zhuang Y, Yang Y, Cui Z, Bao C. Activation and characterization of G protein-coupled receptors for CHHs in the mud crab, Scylla paramamosain. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 288:111563. [PMID: 38122925 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) superfamily peptides constitute a group of neurohormones, including the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH), molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH), and gonad-inhibiting hormone (GIH) or vitellogenesis-inhibiting hormone (VIH), which reportedly play an essential role in regulating various biological activities by binding to their receptors in crustaceans. Although bioinformatics analyses have identified G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) as potential CHH receptors, no validation through binding experiments has been carried out. This study employed a eukaryotic expression system, HEK293T cell transient transfection, and ligand-receptor interaction tests to identify the GPCRs of CHHs in the mud crab Scylla paramamosain. We found that four GPCRs (Sp-GPCR-A34-A37) were activated by their corresponding CHHs (Sp-CHH1-v1, Sp-MIH, Sp-VIH) in a dose-dependent manner. Of these, Sp-GPCR-A34 was exclusively activated by Sp-VIH; Sp-GPCR-A35 was activated by Sp-CHH1-v1 and Sp-VIH, respectively; Sp-GPCR-A36 was activated by Sp-CHH1-v1 and Sp-MIH; Sp-GPCR-A37 was exclusively activated by Sp-MIH. The half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) values for all CHHs/GPCRs pairs (both Ca2+ and cAMP signaling) were in the nanomolar range. Overall, our study provided hitherto undocumented evidence of the presence of G protein-coupled receptors of CHH in crustaceans, providing the foothold for further studies on the signaling pathways of CHHs and their corresponding GPCRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Mo
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Shucheng Shao
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Yanan Yang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Zhaoxia Cui
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Chenchang Bao
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang B, Chai Y, Xu Y, Huang Z, Hu X, Li Y. Impact Analysis of Photoperiodic Disorder on the Eyestalk of Chinese Mitten Crab ( Eriocheir sinensis) through High-Throughput Sequencing Technology. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:209. [PMID: 38398718 PMCID: PMC10890049 DOI: 10.3390/life14020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Light is an indispensable factor in the healthy growth of living organisms, and alterations in the photoperiod can have consequences for body homeostasis. The eyestalk is a photosensitive organ that secretes various hormones to regulate the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). However, the photoperiod-dependent eyestalk patterns of gene expression that may underlie changes in body homeostasis are unknown. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in eyestalk transcriptomic responses in E. sinensis under different photoperiod regimes on days 2, 4, and 6. The photoperiods tested were 12, 24, and 0 h light/day. In total, we obtained 110, 958, 348 clean datasets and detected 1809 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Genes involved in the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone superfamily and juvenile hormones were observed, which play important roles in gonadal development, growth, and immunity in E. sinensis and may also be involved in photoperiod adaptation. In addition, the MAPK signaling pathway was the only signaling pathway identified in the continuous light group but was absent in the continuous darkness group. We suggest that the MAPK pathway is highly responsive to light input during the subjective night and insensitive to light during the middle of the subjective day. These results provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of photoperiod on the immune regulation of E. sinensis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yingdong Li
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lewis CL, Fitzgibbon QP, Smith GG, Elizur A, Ventura T. Ontogeny of the Cytochrome P450 Superfamily in the Ornate Spiny Lobster ( Panulirus ornatus). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1070. [PMID: 38256143 PMCID: PMC10816631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s (CYP450s) are a versatile superfamily of enzymes known to undergo rapid evolution. They have important roles across growth and development pathways in crustaceans, although it is difficult to characterise orthologs between species due to their sequence diversity. Conserved CYP450s enzymes in crustaceans are those associated with ecdysteroidogenesis: synthesising and breaking down the active moult hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone. The complex life cycle of the ornate spiny lobster, Panulirus ornatus, relies on moulting in order to grow and develop. Many of these diverse life stages have been analysed to establish a comprehensive transcriptomic database for this species. The transcripts putatively encoding for CYP450s were mapped using transcriptomic analysis and identified across growth and development stages. With the aid of phylogeny, 28 transcripts of 42 putative P. ornatus CYP450s were annotated, including the well conserved Halloween genes, which are involved in ecdysteroidogenesis. Expression patterns across the life stages determined that only a subset of the CYP450s can be detected in each life stage or tissue. Four Shed transcripts show overlapping expression between metamorphosis and adult tissues, suggesting pleotropic functions of the multiple Shed orthologs within P. ornatus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney L. Lewis
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, 4 Locked Bag, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia; (C.L.L.); (A.E.)
- School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, 4 Locked Bag, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia
| | - Quinn P. Fitzgibbon
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; (Q.P.F.); (G.G.S.)
| | - Gregory G. Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; (Q.P.F.); (G.G.S.)
| | - Abigail Elizur
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, 4 Locked Bag, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia; (C.L.L.); (A.E.)
| | - Tomer Ventura
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, 4 Locked Bag, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia; (C.L.L.); (A.E.)
- School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, 4 Locked Bag, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kozma MT, Pérez-Moreno JL, Gandhi NS, Hernandez Jeppesen L, Durica DS, Ventura T, Mykles DL. In silico analysis of crustacean hyperglycemic hormone family G protein-coupled receptor candidates. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1322800. [PMID: 38298185 PMCID: PMC10828670 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1322800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Ecdysteroid molting hormone synthesis is directed by a pair of molting glands or Y-organs (YOs), and this synthesis is inhibited by molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH). MIH is a member of the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) neuropeptide superfamily, which includes CHH and insect ion transport peptide (ITP). It is hypothesized that the MIH receptor is a Class A (Rhodopsin-like) G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). The YO of the blackback land crab, Gecarcinus lateralis, expresses 49 Class A GPCRs, three of which (Gl-CHHR-A9, -A10, and -A12) were provisionally assigned as CHH-like receptors. CrusTome, a transcriptome database assembled from 189 crustaceans and 12 ecdysozoan outgroups, was used to deorphanize candidate MIH/CHH GPCRs, relying on sequence homology to three functionally characterized ITP receptors (BNGR-A2, BNGR-A24, and BNGR-A34) in the silk moth, Bombyx mori. Phylogenetic analysis and multiple sequence alignments across major taxonomic groups revealed extensive expansion and diversification of crustacean A2, A24, and A34 receptors, designated CHH Family Receptor Candidates (CFRCs). The A2 clade was divided into three subclades; A24 clade was divided into five subclades; and A34 was divided into six subclades. The subclades were distinguished by conserved motifs in extracellular loop (ECL) 2 and ECL3 in the ligand-binding region. Eleven of the 14 subclades occurred in decapod crustaceans. In G. lateralis, seven CFRC sequences, designated Gl-CFRC-A2α1, -A24α, -A24β1, -A24β2, -A34α2, -A34β1, and -A34β2, were identified; the three A34 sequences corresponded to Gl-GPCR-A12, -A9, and A10, respectively. ECL2 in all the CFRC sequences had a two-stranded β-sheet structure similar to human Class A GPCRs, whereas the ECL2 of decapod CFRC-A34β1/β2 had an additional two-stranded β-sheet. We hypothesize that this second β-sheet on ECL2 plays a role in MIH/CHH binding and activation, which will be investigated further with functional assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihika T. Kozma
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | | | - Neha S. Gandhi
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - David S. Durica
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Tomer Ventura
- Centre for BioInnovation and School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Donald L. Mykles
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Coastal and Marine Sciences Institute, University of California-Davis Bodega Marine Laboratory, Bodega Bay, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Benrabaa SAM, Chang SA, Chang ES, Mykles DL. Effects of molting on the expression of ecdysteroid biosynthesis genes in the Y-organ of the blackback land crab, Gecarcinus lateralis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 340:114304. [PMID: 37127083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A pair of Y-organs (YOs) synthesize ecdysteroids that initiate and coordinate molting processes in decapod crustaceans. The YO converts cholesterol to secreted products through a biosynthetic pathway involving a Rieske oxygenase encoded by Neverland (Nvd) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases encoded by Halloween genes Spook (Spo; Cyp307a1), Phantom (Phm; Cyp306a1), Disembodied (Dib; Cyp302a1), and Shadow (Sad; Cyp315a1). NAD kinase (NADK) and 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase (ALAS) support ecdysteroid synthesis in insects. A 20-hydroxylase, encoded by Shed in decapods and Shade in insects, converts ecdysone to the active hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). 20E is inactivated by cytochrome P450 26-hydroxylase (Cyp18a1). Contigs encoding these eight proteins were extracted from a Gecarcinus lateralis YO transcriptome and their expression was quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. mRNA levels of Gl-Spo and Gl-Phm were four orders of magnitude higher in YO than those in nine other tissues, while mRNA levels of Gl-NADK and Gl-ALAS were similar in all ten tissues. In G. lateralis induced to molt by multiple leg autotomy, YO mRNA levels of Gl-Nvd, Gl-Spo, Gl-Phm, Gl-NADK, and Gl-ALAS were highest in intermolt and premolt stages and lower in postmolt. Gl-Dib mRNA level was not affected by molt stage. mRNA level of Gl-Sad, which converts 2-deoxyecdysone to ecdysone, was higher in mid- and late premolt stages, when YO ecdysteroidogenic capacity is greatest. Gl-Cyp18a1 mRNA level was highest in intermolt, decreased in premolt stages, and was lowest in postmolt. In animals induced to molt by eyestalk ablation, YO mRNA levels of all eight genes were not correlated with increased hemolymph 20E titers. These results suggest that YO ecdysteroidogenic genes are differentially regulated at transcriptional and translational levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharon A Chang
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Bodega Bay, CA 94923, USA
| | - Ernest S Chang
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Bodega Bay, CA 94923, USA
| | - Donald L Mykles
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Bodega Bay, CA 94923, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yuan H, Gao Z, Cai P, Zhang W, Jin S, Jiang S, Xiong Y, Gong Y, Qiao H, Fu H. Deciphering Molecular Mechanisms Governing the Reproductive Molt of Macrobrachium nipponense: A Transcriptome Analysis of Ovaries across Various Molting Stages. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11056. [PMID: 37446235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between molting and reproduction has received more attention in economically important crustacean decapods. Molting and reproduction are synergistic events in Macrobrachium nipponense, but the molecular regulatory mechanisms behind them are unclear. In the current study, we performed Illumina sequencing for the ovaries of M. nipponense during the molt cycle (pre-molting, Prm; mid-molting, Mm; and post-molting, Pom). A total of 66.57 Gb of transcriptome data were generated through sequencing, resulting in the identification of 105,149 unigenes whose alignment ratio with the reference genome exceeded 87.57%. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were annotated through the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases for gene classification and pathway analysis. A total of twenty-six molt-related DEGs were found, and their expression patterns were examined across various molting stages. The KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the key pathways involved in regulating the molting process of M. nipponense primarily include the mTOR, insect hormone biosynthesis, TGF-beta, and Wnt signaling pathways. Our transcriptomic data suggest that these pathways crosstalk with each other to regulate the synthesis and degradation of ecdysone throughout the molt cycle. The current study has deepened our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of crustacean molting and will serve as a basis for future studies of crustaceans and other molting animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huwei Yuan
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Zijian Gao
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Pengfei Cai
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Shubo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Sufei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yiwei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yongsheng Gong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Hui Qiao
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Hongtuo Fu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang J, Jiang S, Zhang W, Xiong Y, Jin S, Cheng D, Zheng Y, Qiao H, Fu H. Function Analysis of Cholesterol 7-Desaturase in Ovarian Maturation and Molting in Macrobrachium nipponense: Providing Evidence for Reproductive Molting Progress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086940. [PMID: 37108104 PMCID: PMC10138363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cholesterol 7-desaturase gene plays an important role in insect ecdysone synthesis, but its role in ovarian development has not been reported. In this study, characteristics and the phylogenetic relationship of Cholesterol 7-desaturase were identified by bioinformatics. qPCR showed that the Mn-CH7D gene was highly expressed in the ovary, which was much higher than that in other tissues, and the expression level of Mn-CH7D reached the highest level at the third stage of the ovarian development stage (O-III). During embryonic development, the Mn-CH7D gene expression was highest in the zoea stage. The function of the Mn-CH7D gene was explored by RNA interference. The experimental group was injected with Mn-CH7D dsRNA through the pericardial cavity of M. nipponense, while the control group was injected with the same volume of dsGFP. Statistical analysis of gonadal development and GSI calculation showed that the silencing of Mn-CH7D resulted in the suppression of gonadal development. In addition, the molting frequency of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group during the second molting cycle after silencing Mn-CH7D. On the seventh day after silencing, ecdysone content in the experimental group was significantly reduced. These results demonstrated that the Mn-CH7D gene played a dual role in ovarian maturation and molting of M. nipponense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jisheng Wang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Sufei Jiang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yiwei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Shubo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Dan Cheng
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yalu Zheng
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Hui Qiao
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Hongtuo Fu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Green S, Bachvaroff T, Sook Chung J. Eyestalk neuropeptide identification in the female red deep-sea crab, Chaceon quinquedens. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 330:114128. [PMID: 36152768 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Eyestalk-derived neuropeptides, primarily the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) neuropeptide family, regulate vitellogenesis in decapod crustaceans. The red deep-sea crab, Chaceon quinquedens, a cold-water species inhabiting depths between 200 and 1800 m, has supported a small fishery, mainly harvesting adult males in the eastern US for over 40 years. This study aimed to understand the role of eyestalk-neuropeptides in vitellogenesis in C. quinquedens with an extended intermolt stage. Chromatography shows two CHH and one MIH peak in the sinus gland, with a CHH2 peak area four times larger than CHH1. The cDNA sequence of MIH and CHH of C. quinquedens is isolated from the eyestalk ganglia, and the qPCR assay shows MIH is significantly higher only at ovarian stages 3 than 4 and 5. However, MIH transcript and its neuropeptides do differ between stages 1 and 3. While CHH transcripts remain constant, its neuropeptide levels are higher at stages 3 than 1. Additionally, transcriptomic analysis of the de novo eyestalk ganglia assembly at ovarian stages 1 and 3 found 28 eyestalk neuropeptides. A GIH/VIH or GSH/VSH belonging to the CHH family is absent in the transcriptome. Transcripts per million (TPM) values of ten neuropeptides increase by 1.3 to 2.0-fold at stage 3 compared to stage 1: twofold for Bursicon α, followed by CHH, AKH/corazonin-like, Pyrokinin, CCAP, Glycoprotein B, PDH1, and IDLSRF-like peptide, and 1.3-fold of allatostatin A and short NP-F. WXXXRamide, the only downregulated neuropeptide, decreases TPM by ∼ 2-fold at stage 3, compared to stage 1. Interestingly, neuroparsin with the highest TPM values remains the same in stages 1 and 3. The mandibular organ-inhibiting hormone is not found in de novo assembly. We report that CHH, MIH, and eight other neuropeptides may play a role in vitellogenesis in this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shadaesha Green
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, 701 E. Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Tsvetan Bachvaroff
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, 701 E. Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - J Sook Chung
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, 701 E. Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Techa S, Thongda W, Bunphimpapha P, Ittarat W, Boonbangyang M, Wilantho A, Ngamphiw C, Pratoomchat B, Nounurai P, Piyapattanakorn S. Isolation and functional identification of secretin family G-protein coupled receptor from Y-organ of the mud crab, Scylla olivacea. Gene X 2023; 848:146900. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
|
16
|
Liu M, Wu Z, Yan C, Liu Y, Xing K, Zhang J, Sun Y. Ovarian transcriptome and metabolic responses of RNAi-mediated farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase knockdown in Neocaridina denticulata sinensis. Genomics 2022; 114:110484. [PMID: 36126831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Methyl farnesoate (MF) is considered the equivalent of JH in crustaceans and plays an essential role in many crucial physiological processes. It is believed that farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS) plays an essential role in the biosynthesis of mevalonate, which is a branch of the JH/MF pathway. The full-length cDNA of FPPS (NdFPPS) from Neocaridina denticulata sinensis was isolated and characterized, and the deduced amino acid of NdFPPS contained a polyprenyl_synt domain. In addition to its ubiquitous tissue expression, NdFPPS was significantly expressed in the ovary. In vivo gene silencing with dsRNA interference was performed to further investigate the function of NdFPPS. An ovarian transcriptomic analysis of dsNdFPPS experimental and control groups was used to compare, annotate, and classify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A total of 9230 DEGs were identified in the experimental and control groups based on FPKM values, of which 5082 were up-regulated genes and 4148 were down-regulated genes. 761 GO terms and 102 KEGG pathways were enriched for the DEGs. Our results suggest that NdFPPS might play an important role in ovarian development, however, further functional study is needed to elucidate physiological role of NdFPPS in reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Zixuan Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Congcong Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Kefan Xing
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Jiquan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Yuying Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ye S, Yu X, Chen H, Zhang Y, Wu Q, Tan H, Song J, Saqib HSA, Farhadi A, Ikhwanuddin M, Ma H. Full-Length Transcriptome Reconstruction Reveals the Genetic Mechanisms of Eyestalk Displacement and Its Potential Implications on the Interspecific Hybrid Crab (Scylla serrata ♀ × S. paramamosain ♂). BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11071026. [PMID: 36101407 PMCID: PMC9312322 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The eyestalk is a key organ in crustaceans that produces neurohormones and regulates a range of physiological functions. Eyestalk displacement was discovered in some first-generation (F1) offspring of the novel interspecific hybrid crab (Scylla serrata ♀ × S. paramamosain ♂). To uncover the genetic mechanism underlying eyestalk displacement and its potential implications, high-quality transcriptome was reconstructed using single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing. A total of 37 significantly differential alternative splicing (DAS) events (17 up-regulated and 20 down-regulated) and 1475 significantly differential expressed transcripts (DETs) (492 up-regulated and 983 down-regulated) were detected in hybrid crabs with displaced eyestalks (DH). The most significant DAS events and DETs were annotated as being endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP and leucine-rich repeat protein lrrA-like isoform X2. In addition, the top ten significant gene ontology (GO) terms were related to the cuticle or chitin. Overall, this study highlights the underlying genetic mechanisms of eyestalk displacement and provide useful knowledge for mud crab (Scylla spp.) crossbreeding. Abstract The lack of high-quality juvenile crabs is the greatest impediment to the growth of the mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) industry. To obtain high-quality hybrid offspring, a novel hybrid mud crab (S. serrata ♀ × S. paramamosain ♂) was successfully produced in our previous study. Meanwhile, an interesting phenomenon was discovered, that some first-generation (F1) hybrid offspring’s eyestalks were displaced during the crablet stage I. To uncover the genetic mechanism underlying eyestalk displacement and its potential implications, both single-molecule real-time (SMRT) and Illumina RNA sequencing were implemented. Using a two-step collapsing strategy, three high-quality reconstructed transcriptomes were obtained from purebred mud crabs (S. paramamosain) with normal eyestalks (SPA), hybrid crabs with normal eyestalks (NH), and hybrid crabs with displaced eyestalks (DH). In total, 37 significantly differential alternative splicing (DAS) events (17 up-regulated and 20 down-regulated) and 1475 significantly differential expressed transcripts (DETs) (492 up-regulated and 983 down-regulated) were detected in DH. The most significant DAS events and DETs were annotated as being endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP and leucine-rich repeat protein lrrA-like isoform X2. In addition, the top ten significant GO terms were related to the cuticle or chitin. Overall, high-quality reconstructed transcriptomes were obtained for the novel interspecific hybrid crab and provided valuable insights into the genetic mechanisms of eyestalk displacement in mud crab (Scylla spp.) crossbreeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaopan Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (S.Y.); (X.Y.); (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (H.T.); (J.S.); (H.S.A.S.); (A.F.)
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China;
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (S.Y.); (X.Y.); (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (H.T.); (J.S.); (H.S.A.S.); (A.F.)
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China;
| | - Huiying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (S.Y.); (X.Y.); (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (H.T.); (J.S.); (H.S.A.S.); (A.F.)
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China;
| | - Yin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (S.Y.); (X.Y.); (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (H.T.); (J.S.); (H.S.A.S.); (A.F.)
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China;
| | - Qingyang Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (S.Y.); (X.Y.); (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (H.T.); (J.S.); (H.S.A.S.); (A.F.)
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China;
| | - Huaqiang Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (S.Y.); (X.Y.); (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (H.T.); (J.S.); (H.S.A.S.); (A.F.)
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China;
| | - Jun Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (S.Y.); (X.Y.); (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (H.T.); (J.S.); (H.S.A.S.); (A.F.)
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China;
| | - Hafiz Sohaib Ahmed Saqib
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (S.Y.); (X.Y.); (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (H.T.); (J.S.); (H.S.A.S.); (A.F.)
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China;
| | - Ardavan Farhadi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (S.Y.); (X.Y.); (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (H.T.); (J.S.); (H.S.A.S.); (A.F.)
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China;
| | - Mhd Ikhwanuddin
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China;
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (S.Y.); (X.Y.); (H.C.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (H.T.); (J.S.); (H.S.A.S.); (A.F.)
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China;
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-754-86503471
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang J, Li J, Ge Q, Li J. A potential negative regulation of myostatin in muscle growth during the intermolt stage in Exopalaemon carinicauda. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 314:113902. [PMID: 34529998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Muscle growth in crustacean is a complicated process where the muscle grows and develops through muscle restoration, and the growth rate depends on the net muscle gain during molting. Myostatin (MSTN) is a conserved inhibitor of muscle growth in vertebrates, but until now solid evidence supporting a similar function of MSTN in invertebrates has been lacking. In this study, we identified and characterized MSTN from the shrimp Exopalaemon carinicauda (EcMSTN) to better understand its biological function. The full-length cDNA of EcMSTN was 1,518 bp, encoding 428 amino acid residues, and the genomic sequence was 1,851 bp, including three exons and two introns. EcMSTN was expressed in a wide range of tissues, but predominantly detected in the abdominal muscle (P < 0.05). Low expression was detected in the cleavage, blastula and gastrula stages in the early development stages, increasing after the nauplius stage. EcMSTN expression was negatively correlated with the growth traits. After EcMSTN knockdown using RNA interference, EcMSTN expression was down-regulated in the abdominal muscle and up-regulated the expression of growth-related genes, including fast myosin heavy chain and skeletal muscle actin 3. After inhibiting EcMSTN for 5 weeks, the RNAi-treated shrimp with reduced EcMSTN levels exhibited a dramatically higher body weight compared with that of the control group. Association analysis revealed that two SNP loci g.Mstn220 and g.Mstn567 were markedly associated with both body weight and body length. The results would clarify the negative role of EcMSTN in regulating muscle growth during the intermolt stage and provide growth-related markers for molecular marker assisted breeding of E. carinicauda.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jitao Li
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| | - Qianqian Ge
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Weiner AC, Chen HY, Roegner ME, Watson RD. Calcium signaling and regulation of ecdysteroidogenesis in crustacean Y-organs. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 314:113901. [PMID: 34530000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Crustacean Y-organs secrete ecdysteroid molting hormones. Ecdysteroids are released in increased amount during premolt, circulate in hemolymph, and stimulate the events in target cells that lead to molting. During much of the molting cycle, ecdysteroid production is suppressed by molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH), a peptide neurohormone produced in the eyestalks. The suppressive effect of MIH is mediated by a cyclic nucleotide second messenger. A decrease in circulating MIH is associated with an increase in the hemolymphatic ecdysteroid titer during pre-molt. Nevertheless, it has long been hypothesized that a positive regulatory signal or stimulus is also involved in promoting ecdysteroidogenensis during premolt. Data reviewed here are consistent with the hypothesis that an intracellular Ca2+ signal provides that stimulus. Pharmacological agents that increase intracellular Ca2+ in Y-organs promote ecdysteroidogenesis, while agents that lower intracellular Ca2+ or disrupt Ca2+ signaling suppress ecdysteroidogenesis. Further, an increase in the hemolymphatic ecdysteroid titer after eyestalk ablation or during natural premolt is associated with an increase in intracellular free Ca2+ in Y-organ cells. Several lines of evidence suggest elevated intracellular calcium is linked to enhanced ecdysteroidogenesis through activation of Ca2+/calmodulin dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, thereby lowering intracellular cyclic nucleotide second messenger levels and promoting ecdysteroidogenesis. Results of transcriptomic studies show genes involved in Ca2+ signaling are well represented in Y-organs. Several recent studies have focused on Ca2+ transport proteins in Y-organs. Complementary DNAs encoding a plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase (PMCA) and a sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) have been cloned from crab Y-organs. The relative abundance of PMCA and SERCA transcripts in Y-organs is elevated during premolt, a time when Ca2+ levels in Y-organs are likewise elevated. The results are consistent with the notion that these transport proteins act to maintain the Ca2+ gradient across the cell membrane and re-set the cell for future Ca2+ signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Weiner
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Hsiang-Yin Chen
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Megan E Roegner
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - R Douglas Watson
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Andersen Ø, Johnsen H, Wittmann AC, Harms L, Thesslund T, Berg RS, Siikavuopio S, Mykles DL. De novo transcriptome assemblies of red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) and snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) molting gland and eyestalk ganglia - Temperature effects on expression of molting and growth regulatory genes in adult red king crab. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 257:110678. [PMID: 34655763 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) and snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) are deep-sea crustaceans widely distributed in the North Pacific and Northwest Atlantic Oceans. These giant predators have invaded the Barents Sea over the past decades, and climate-driven temperature changes may influence their distribution and abundance in the sub-Arctic region. Molting and growth in crustaceans are strongly affected by temperature, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are little known, particularly in cold-water species. Here, we describe multiple regulatory factors in the two high-latitude crabs by developing de novo transcriptomes from the molting gland (Y-organ or YO) and eye stalk ganglia (ESG), in addition to the hepatopancreas and claw muscle of red king crab. The Halloween genes encoding the ecdysteroidogenic enzymes were expressed in YO, and the ESG contained multiple neuropeptides, including molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH), crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH), and ion-transport peptide (ITP). Both crabs expressed a diversity of growth-related factors, such as mTOR, AKT, Rheb and AMPKα, and stress-responsive factors, including multiple heat shock proteins (HSPs). Temperature effects on the expression of key regulatory genes were quantified by qPCR in adult red king crab males kept at 4 °C or 10 °C for two weeks during intermolt. The Halloween genes tended to be upregulated in YO at high temperature, while the ecdysteroid receptor and several growth regulators showed tissue-specific responses to elevated temperature. Constitutive and heat-inducible HSPs were expressed in an inverse temperature-dependent manner, suggesting that adult red king crabs can acclimate to increased water temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Øivind Andersen
- Nofima, Tromsø NO-9291, Norway; Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences (IHA), Faculty of Life Sciences (BIOVIT), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), PO Box 5003, 1433 Ås, Norway.
| | - Hanne Johnsen
- Nofima, Tromsø NO-9291, Norway; Norwegian Polar Institute, 9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Astrid C Wittmann
- MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Lars Harms
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Donald L Mykles
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Bodega Bay, CA 94923, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hou X, Yang H, Chen X, Wang J, Wang C. RNA interference of mTOR gene delays molting process in Eriocheir sinensis. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 256:110651. [PMID: 34320378 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
mTOR is a typical and conserved serine/threonine protein kinase that regulates cell growth and metabolism of organisms. Molting is a fundamental biological process in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) and is monitored by a series of genes and pathways. The structural and functional characteristics of EsmTOR was investigated to determine the role of mTOR in the molting process of. The intact CDS of EsmTOR is 7449 bp in length and encodes a polypeptide consisting of 2482 amino acids. EsmTOR was expressed in all eight tissues examined during the three molting stages (postmolt, intermolt andpremolt), with levels fluctuating significantly during the molting. RNA interference of EsmTOR significantly delayed molting, indicating that mTOR may be involved in the molting process of E. sinensis. Meanwhile, a substantial downregulation was observed for the expression of upstream genes involved in amino acid transport (EsSLC7A5 and EsVATB) and downstream genes promoting ribosomal protein synthesis (EsS6K1) in the mTOR signaling pathway, as well as typical molt-related genes (EsMIH and EsEcR) after EsmTOR RNAi treatment. In addition, EsRheb, a molecular marker for tissue growth, was also significantly down-regulated. This study suggests that EsmTOR plays a fundamental role in molting regulation through the SLC7A5-V-ATPase-mTORC1 gene network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture/ National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education / Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, No.999, Huchenghuan Rd, Nanhui New City, Shanghai, PR China
| | - He Yang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture/ National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education / Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, No.999, Huchenghuan Rd, Nanhui New City, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture/ National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education / Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, No.999, Huchenghuan Rd, Nanhui New City, Shanghai, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture/ National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education / Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, No.999, Huchenghuan Rd, Nanhui New City, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Chenghui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture/ National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education / Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, No.999, Huchenghuan Rd, Nanhui New City, Shanghai, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Feleke M, Bennett S, Chen J, Chandler D, Hu X, Xu J. Biological insights into the rapid tissue regeneration of freshwater crayfish and crustaceans. Cell Biochem Funct 2021; 39:740-753. [PMID: 34165197 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The freshwater crayfish is capable of regenerating limbs, following autotomy, injury and predation. In arthropod species, regeneration and moulting are two processes linked and strongly regulated by ecdysone. The regeneration of crayfish limbs is divided into wound healing, blastema formation, cellular reprogramming and tissue patterning. Limb blastema cells undergo proliferation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation. A limb bud, containing folded segments of the regenerating limb, is encased within a cuticular sheath. The functional limb regenerates, in proecdysis, in two to three consecutive moults. Rapid tissue growth is regulated by hormones, limb nerves and local cells. The TGF-β/activin signalling pathway has been determined in the crayfish, P. fallax f. virginalis, and is suggested as a potential regulator of tissue regeneration. In this review article, we discuss current understanding of tissue regeneration in the crayfish and various crustaceans. A thorough understanding of the cellular, genetic and molecular pathways of these biological processes is promising for the development of therapeutic applications for a wide array of diseases in regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mesalie Feleke
- Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Samuel Bennett
- Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jiazhi Chen
- Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant, Guangdong Research Institute of Petrochemical and Fine Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - David Chandler
- Australian Genome Research Facility, Medical Research Foundation, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Xiaoyong Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant, Guangdong Research Institute of Petrochemical and Fine Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Swall ME, Benrabaa SAM, Tran NM, Tran TD, Ventura T, Mykles DL. Characterization of Shed genes encoding ecdysone 20-monooxygenase (CYP314A1) in the Y-organ of the blackback land crab, Gecarcinus lateralis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 301:113658. [PMID: 33159911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Molting in decapod crustaceans is controlled by ecdysteroid hormones synthesized and secreted by the molting gland, or Y-organ (YO). Halloween genes encode cytochrome P450 enzymes in the ecdysteroid synthetic pathway. The current paradigm is that YOs secrete an inactive precursor (e.g., ecdysone or E), which is hydroxylated at the #20 carbon to form an active hormone (20-hydroxyecdysone or 20E) by a mitochonrial 20-monooxygenase (CYP314A1) in peripheral tissues. 20-Monooxygenase is encoded by Shed in decapods and Shade in insects. We used eastern spiny lobster Shed sequences to extract six orthologs in the G. lateralis YO transcriptome. Phylogenetic analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences from six decapod species organized the Sheds into seven classes (Sheds 1-7), resulting in the assignment of the G. lateralis Sheds to Gl-Shed1, 2, 4A, 4B, 5A, and 5B. The mRNA levels of the six Gl-Sheds in the YO of intermolt animals were comparable to those in nine other tissues that included hepatopancreas and muscle. qPCR was used to compare the effects of molt induction by multiple leg autotomy (MLA) and eyestalk ablation (ESA) on Gl-Shed mRNA levels in the YO. Molt stage had little effect on Gl-Shed1 and Gl-Shed5B expression in the YO of MLA animals. Gl-Shed5A was expressed at the highest mRNA levels in the YO and was significantly increased during early and mid premolt stages. By contrast, ESA ± SB431542 had no effect on Gl-Shed expression at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days post-ESA. SB431542, which inhibits Transforming Growth Factor-β/activin signaling and blocks YO commitment, decreased Gl-Shed2 and Gl-Shed4A mRNA levels at 14 days post-ESA. A targeted metabolomic analysis showed that YOs cultured in vitro secreted E and 20E to the medium. These data suggest that the YO expresses 20-monooygenases that can convert E to 20E, which may contribute to the increase in active hormone in the hemolymph during premolt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine E Swall
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Samiha A M Benrabaa
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Nhut M Tran
- GeneCology Research Centre, School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland 4556, Australia
| | - Trong D Tran
- GeneCology Research Centre, School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland 4556, Australia
| | - Tomer Ventura
- GeneCology Research Centre, School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland 4556, Australia
| | - Donald L Mykles
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mykles DL. Signaling Pathways That Regulate the Crustacean Molting Gland. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:674711. [PMID: 34234741 PMCID: PMC8256442 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.674711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A pair of Y-organs (YOs) are the molting glands of decapod crustaceans. They synthesize and secrete steroid molting hormones (ecdysteroids) and their activity is controlled by external and internal signals. The YO transitions through four physiological states over the molt cycle, which are mediated by molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH; basal state), mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1; activated state), Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGFβ)/Activin (committed state), and ecdysteroid (repressed state) signaling pathways. MIH, produced in the eyestalk X-organ/sinus gland complex, inhibits the synthesis of ecdysteroids. A model for MIH signaling is organized into a cAMP/Ca2+-dependent triggering phase and a nitric oxide/cGMP-dependent summation phase, which maintains the YO in the basal state during intermolt. A reduction in MIH release triggers YO activation, which requires mTORC1-dependent protein synthesis, followed by mTORC1-dependent gene expression. TGFβ/Activin signaling is required for YO commitment in mid-premolt. The YO transcriptome has 878 unique contigs assigned to 23 KEGG signaling pathways, 478 of which are differentially expressed over the molt cycle. Ninety-nine contigs encode G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), 65 of which bind a variety of neuropeptides and biogenic amines. Among these are putative receptors for MIH/crustacean hyperglycemic hormone neuropeptides, corazonin, relaxin, serotonin, octopamine, dopamine, allatostatins, Bursicon, ecdysis-triggering hormone (ETH), CCHamide, FMRFamide, and proctolin. Contigs encoding receptor tyrosine kinase insulin-like receptor, epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor and ligands EGF and FGF suggest that the YO is positively regulated by insulin-like peptides and growth factors. Future research should focus on the interactions of signaling pathways that integrate physiological status with environmental cues for molt control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald L. Mykles
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- University of California-Davis Bodega Marine Laboratory, Bodega Bay, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Donald L. Mykles,
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Roegner ME, Watson RD. De novo transcriptome assembly and functional annotation for Y-organs of the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus), and analysis of differentially expressed genes during pre-molt. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 298:113567. [PMID: 32710897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus) undergo incremental growth involving the shedding (molting) of the old exoskeleton, and subsequent expansion and re-calcification of the newly synthesized one. The cellular events that lead to molting are triggered by steroid hormones termed ecdysteroids released from Y-organs, paired endocrine glands located in the anterior cephalothorax. The regulatory pathways leading to increased synthesis and release of ecdysteroids are not fully understood, and no transcriptome has yet been published for blue crab Y-organs. Here we report de novo transcriptome assembly and annotation for adult blue crab Y-organs, and differential gene expression (DGE) analysis between Y-organs of intermolt and premolt crabs. After trimming and quality assessment, a total of 91,819,458 reads from four cDNA libraries were assembled using Trinity to form the reference transcriptome. Trinity produced a total of 171,530 contigs coding for 150,388 predicted genes with an average contig length of 613 and an N50 of 940. Of these, TransDecoder predicted 31,661 open reading frames (ORFs), and 10,210 produced non-redundant blastx results through Trinotate annotation. Genes involved in multiple cell signaling pathways, including Ca2+ signaling, cGMP signaling, cAMP signaling, and mTOR signaling were present in the annotated reference transcriptome. DGE analysis showed in premolt Y-organs up-regulated genes involved in energy production, cholesterol metabolism, and exocytosis. The results provide insights into the transcriptome of blue crab Y-organs during a natural (rather than experimentally induced) molting cycle, and constitute a step forward in understanding the cellular mechanisms that underlie stage-specific changes in the synthesis and secretion of ecdysteroids by Y-organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Roegner
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - R Douglas Watson
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chen HY, Toullec JY, Lee CY. The Crustacean Hyperglycemic Hormone Superfamily: Progress Made in the Past Decade. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:578958. [PMID: 33117290 PMCID: PMC7560641 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.578958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Early studies recognizing the importance of the decapod eyestalk in the endocrine regulation of crustacean physiology-molting, metabolism, reproduction, osmotic balance, etc.-helped found the field of crustacean endocrinology. Characterization of putative factors in the eyestalk using distinct functional bioassays ultimately led to the discovery of a group of structurally related and functionally diverse neuropeptides, crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH), molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH), gonad-inhibiting hormone (GIH) or vitellogenesis-inhibiting hormone (VIH), and mandibular organ-inhibiting hormone (MOIH). These peptides, along with the first insect member (ion transport peptide, ITP), constitute the original arthropod members of the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) superfamily. The presence of genes encoding the CHH-superfamily peptides across representative ecdysozoan taxa has been established. The objective of this review is to, aside from providing a general framework, highlight the progress made during the past decade or so. The progress includes the widespread identification of the CHH-superfamily peptides, in particular in non-crustaceans, which has reshaped the phylogenetic profile of the superfamily. Novel functions have been attributed to some of the newly identified members, providing exceptional opportunities for understanding the structure-function relationships of these peptides. Functional studies are challenging, especially for the peptides of crustacean and insect species, where they are widely expressed in various tissues and usually pleiotropic. Progress has been made in deciphering the roles of CHH, ITP, and their alternatively spliced counterparts (CHH-L, ITP-L) in the regulation of metabolism and ionic/osmotic hemostasis under (eco)physiological, developmental, or pathological contexts, and of MIH in the stimulation of ovarian maturation, which implicates it as a regulator for coordinating growth (molt) and reproduction. In addition, experimental elucidation of the steric structure and structure-function relationships have given better understanding of the structural basis of the functional diversification and overlapping among these peptides. Finally, an important finding was the first-ever identification of the receptors for this superfamily of peptides, specifically the receptors for ITPs of the silkworm, which will surely give great impetus to the functional study of these peptides for years to come. Studies regarding recent progress are presented and synthesized, and prospective developments remarked upon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Yin Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, National Penghu University of Science and Technology, Magong, Taiwan
| | - Jean-Yves Toullec
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences, CNRS, UMR 7144, Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Chi-Ying Lee
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology and Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Landman MJ, Fitzgibbon QP, Wirtz A, Codabaccus BM, Ventura T, Smith GG, Carter CG. Physiological status and nutritional condition of cultured juvenile Thenus australiensis over the moult cycle. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 250:110504. [PMID: 32916299 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2020.110504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The moult cycle is arguably the most critical aspect of crustacean biology and is associated with dramatic changes in behaviour, physiology and condition. Here we describe the first detailed investigation of the combined changes in morphology, physiological status and nutritional condition over the moult cycle of juvenile T. australiensis. Haemolymph refractive index (measured as Brix) was evaluated as a non-destructive method for predicting physiological status and nutritional condition. Post-moult, inter-moult and pre-moult stages were identifiable by microscopic examination of the pleopod distal tips, though differentiation of the pre-moult substages was not possible using this technique. Monitoring of ecdysial suture lines on the exoskeleton gill chambers was found to be highly useful for visually determining progression through the pre-moult stage and predicting the timing of ecdysis. A classical pattern of inter-moult growth was observed where size and wet weight remained relatively uniform over the moult cycle while highly significant changes in whole-body composition were simultaneously observed over time. Growth was most evident by changes in dry weight and dry matter content which more than doubled by the onset of pre-moult. Changes in dry matter content were generally mirrored by Brix and whole-body crude protein, total lipid and gross energy content. Brix strongly correlated with dry matter content and significant correlations were also found for all other primary measures of nutritional condition. Typical moult-related changes were also found for circulating ecdysteroids. This study clearly demonstrates pronounced cyclical changes in physiology and condition of juvenile T. australiensis over a typical moult cycle. The significant correlations between haemolymph and whole-body composition validates Brix as a practical and non-destructive method to objectively assess physiological status, nutritional condition and quality in T. australiensis and further demonstrates its potential for individual crustacean assessment in experimental research and practical commercial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Landman
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Quinn P Fitzgibbon
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Andrea Wirtz
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Basseer M Codabaccus
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Tomer Ventura
- Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gregory G Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Chris G Carter
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| |
Collapse
|