1
|
Cruz Marino T, Leblanc J, Pratte A, Tardif J, Thomas MJ, Fortin CA, Girard L, Bouchard L. Portrait of autosomal recessive diseases in the French-Canadian founder population of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:1145-1163. [PMID: 36786328 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The population of the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean (SLSJ) region, located in the province of Quebec, Canada, is recognized as a founder population, where some rare autosomal recessive diseases show a high prevalence. Through the clinical and molecular study of 82 affected individuals from 60 families, this study outlines 12 diseases identified as recurrent in SLSJ. Their carrier frequency was estimated with the contribution of 1059 healthy individuals, increasing the number of autosomal recessive diseases with known carrier frequency in this region from 14 to 25. We review the main clinical and molecular features previously reported for these disorders. Five of the studied diseases have a potential lethal effect and three are associated with intellectual deficiency. Therefore, we believe that the provincial program for carrier screening should be extended to include these eight disorders. The high-carrier frequency, together with the absence of consanguinity in most of these unrelated families, suggest a founder effect and genetic drift for the 12 recurrent variants. We recommend further studies to validate this hypothesis, as well as to extend the present study to other regions in the province of Quebec, since some of these disorders could also be present in other French-Canadian families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Cruz Marino
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, CIUSSS Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean, Quebec, Canada
| | - Josianne Leblanc
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, CIUSSS Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean, Quebec, Canada
| | - Annabelle Pratte
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, CIUSSS Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jessica Tardif
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, CIUSSS Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Carol-Ann Fortin
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS), Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lysanne Girard
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS), Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luigi Bouchard
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, CIUSSS Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS), Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen YE, Chen J, Guo W, Zhang Y, Li J, Xie H, Shen T, Ge Y, Huang Y, Zheng W, Lu M. Clinical Characteristics, In Silico Analysis, and Intervention of Neonatal-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease With Combined Immunodeficiency Caused by Novel TTC7A Variants. Front Genet 2022; 13:921808. [PMID: 35783276 PMCID: PMC9243236 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.921808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to explore the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of neonatal-onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with combined immunodeficiency due to TTC7A mutation. We examined the clinical manifestations, imaging results, endoscopic and histological findings, interventions, and prognosis of a proband with neonatal-onset IBD and performed biochemical analyses, whole-exome sequencing (WES), and in silico analysis. Our proband developed severe early-onset diarrhea, malnutrition, electrolyte imbalance, dehydration, and recurrent infections after birth. Radiographic and ultrasonic images showed no specific manifestations. Endoscopic and histological examination revealed chronic inflammation. Immune function examination indicated immunodeficiency. WES identified compound heterozygous TTC7A mutations (c.2355+4A>G, c.643G>T) in the proband. In the expression analysis, no abnormal splicing in the TTC7A sequence was observed due to the c.2355+4A>G mutation; however, the mRNA expression was reduced. The proband’s condition did not improve after treatment with methylprednisolone or leflunomide. The proband died when treatment was stopped at the age of 5 months and 19 days. Compound heterozygous mutations (c.2355+4A>G, c.643G>T) in the TTC7A gene are described and verified for the first time. Our report expands the phenotypic spectrum of TTC7A mutations and the genotypic spectrum of very early-onset IBD with combined immunodeficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-e Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jingfang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiamen Branch of the Children’s Hospital of Fudan University (Xiamen Children’s Hospital), Xiamen, China
| | - Wenxing Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jialing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiamen Branch of the Children’s Hospital of Fudan University (Xiamen Children’s Hospital), Xiamen, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tong Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yunsheng Ge
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center Laboratory, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanru Huang
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center Laboratory, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Yanru Huang, ; Mei Lu,
| | - Wenying Zheng
- Genokon Institute of Medical Science and Laboratory, Xiamen, China
| | - Mei Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Yanru Huang, ; Mei Lu,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Diociaiuti A, Caruso R, Ricci S, De Vito R, Strocchio L, Castiglia D, Zambruno G, El Hachem M. Prominent Follicular Keratosis in Multiple Intestinal Atresia with Combined Immune Deficiency Caused by a TTC7A Homozygous Mutation. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050821. [PMID: 35627206 PMCID: PMC9141598 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple intestinal atresia with combined immune deficiency (MIA-CID) is an autosomal recessive syndrome due to mutations in the TTC7A gene implicated in the polarization of intestinal and thymic epithelial cells. MIA-CID is lethal in the first year of life in the majority of patients. Dermatological manifestations have been reported in a few cases. We describe a child affected with MIA-CID due to a previously unreported TTC7A homozygous missense mutation. Surgery for bowel occlusion was performed in the first days of life. The patient was totally dependent on parenteral nutrition since birth and presented severe diarrhea and recurrent infections. He underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation at 17 months with complete donor engraftment and partial immunity improvement. In the second year of life, he progressively developed diffuse papular follicular keratoses on ichthyosiform skin, nail clubbing, and subungual hyperkeratosis. Histopathology showed hyperkeratosis with follicular plugging and scattered apoptotic keratinocytes, visualized at an ultrastructural examination. Our findings expand the spectrum of dermatological manifestations which can develop in MIA-CID patients. Examination of further patients will allow defining whether keratinocyte apoptosis is also a disease feature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Diociaiuti
- Dermatology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy;
- Genodermatosis Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0668592197
| | - Roberta Caruso
- Department of Pediatric Oncohematology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (R.C.); (L.S.)
| | - Silvia Ricci
- Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Meyer Children’s University Hospital, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Rita De Vito
- Pathology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luisa Strocchio
- Department of Pediatric Oncohematology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (R.C.); (L.S.)
| | - Daniele Castiglia
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, IDI, IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Zambruno
- Genodermatosis Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - May El Hachem
- Dermatology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy;
- Genodermatosis Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mitroshina EV, Savyuk MO, Ponimaskin E, Vedunova MV. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF) in Ischemic Stroke and Neurodegenerative Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:703084. [PMID: 34395432 PMCID: PMC8355741 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.703084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is one of the most common pathological conditions, which can be induced by multiple events, including ischemic injury, trauma, inflammation, tumors, etc. The body's adaptation to hypoxia is a highly important phenomenon in both health and disease. Most cellular responses to hypoxia are associated with a family of transcription factors called hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), which induce the expression of a wide range of genes that help cells adapt to a hypoxic environment. Basic mechanisms of adaptation to hypoxia, and particularly HIF functions, have being extensively studied over recent decades, leading to the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Based on their pivotal physiological importance, HIFs are attracting increasing attention as a new potential target for treating a large number of hypoxia-associated diseases. Most of the experimental work related to HIFs has focused on roles in the liver and kidney. However, increasing evidence clearly demonstrates that HIF-based responses represent an universal adaptation mechanism in all tissue types, including the central nervous system (CNS). In the CNS, HIFs are critically involved in the regulation of neurogenesis, nerve cell differentiation, and neuronal apoptosis. In this mini-review, we provide an overview of the complex role of HIF-1 in the adaptation of neurons and glia cells to hypoxia, with a focus on its potential involvement into various neuronal pathologies and on its possible role as a novel therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Mitroshina
- Department of Neurotechnologe, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Maria O. Savyuk
- Department of Neurotechnologe, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Evgeni Ponimaskin
- Department of Neurotechnologe, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Maria V. Vedunova
- Department of Neurotechnologe, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gagnier L, Belancio VP, Mager DL. Mouse germ line mutations due to retrotransposon insertions. Mob DNA 2019; 10:15. [PMID: 31011371 PMCID: PMC6466679 DOI: 10.1186/s13100-019-0157-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transposable element (TE) insertions are responsible for a significant fraction of spontaneous germ line mutations reported in inbred mouse strains. This major contribution of TEs to the mutational landscape in mouse contrasts with the situation in human, where their relative contribution as germ line insertional mutagens is much lower. In this focussed review, we provide comprehensive lists of TE-induced mouse mutations, discuss the different TE types involved in these insertional mutations and elaborate on particularly interesting cases. We also discuss differences and similarities between the mutational role of TEs in mice and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liane Gagnier
- 1Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, V5Z1L3, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Victoria P Belancio
- 2Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane Center for Aging, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Dixie L Mager
- 1Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, V5Z1L3, Vancouver, BC Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Plasma membrane (PM) phosphoinositides play essential roles in cell physiology, serving as both markers of membrane identity and signaling molecules central to the cell's interaction with its environment. The first step in PM phosphoinositide synthesis is the conversion of phosphatidylinositol (PI) to PI4P, the precursor of PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3,4,5)P3 This conversion is catalyzed by the PI4KIIIα complex, comprising a lipid kinase, PI4KIIIα, and two regulatory subunits, TTC7 and FAM126. We here report the structure of this complex at 3.6-Å resolution, determined by cryo-electron microscopy. The proteins form an obligate ∼700-kDa superassembly with a broad surface suitable for membrane interaction, toward which the kinase active sites are oriented. The structural complexity of the assembly highlights PI4P synthesis as a major regulatory junction in PM phosphoinositide homeostasis. Our studies provide a framework for further exploring the mechanisms underlying PM phosphoinositide regulation.
Collapse
|
7
|
Leclerc-Mercier S, Lemoine R, Bigorgne AE, Sepulveda F, Leveau C, Fischer A, Mahlaoui N, Hadj-Rabia S, de Saint Basile G. Ichthyosis as the dermatological phenotype associated with TTC7A mutations. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:1061-1064. [PMID: 27059536 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Leclerc-Mercier
- Département de Dermatologie, Centre National de Référence des Maladies Génétiques à Expression Cutanée (MAGEC), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,Département de Pathologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - R Lemoine
- Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,INSERM, Unité U1163, Laboratoire Homéostasie Normale et Pathologique du Système Immunitaire, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - A E Bigorgne
- Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,INSERM, Unité U1163, Laboratoire Homéostasie Normale et Pathologique du Système Immunitaire, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - F Sepulveda
- Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,INSERM, Unité U1163, Laboratoire Homéostasie Normale et Pathologique du Système Immunitaire, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - C Leveau
- Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,INSERM, Unité U1163, Laboratoire Homéostasie Normale et Pathologique du Système Immunitaire, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - A Fischer
- Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,INSERM, Unité U1163, Laboratoire Homéostasie Normale et Pathologique du Système Immunitaire, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Unité d'Immunologie-Hématologie et Rhumatologie Pédiatrique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,College de France, Paris, France
| | - N Mahlaoui
- Unité d'Immunologie-Hématologie et Rhumatologie Pédiatrique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,Centre de Référence Déficits Immunitaires Héréditaires (CEREDIH), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - S Hadj-Rabia
- Département de Dermatologie, Centre National de Référence des Maladies Génétiques à Expression Cutanée (MAGEC), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France. .,Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.
| | - G de Saint Basile
- Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France. .,INSERM, Unité U1163, Laboratoire Homéostasie Normale et Pathologique du Système Immunitaire, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France. .,Centre d'Etudes des Déficits Immunitaires, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fernandez I, Patey N, Marchand V, Birlea M, Maranda B, Haddad E, Decaluwe H, Le Deist F. Multiple intestinal atresia with combined immune deficiency related to TTC7A defect is a multiorgan pathology: study of a French-Canadian-based cohort. Medicine (Baltimore) 2014; 93:e327. [PMID: 25546680 PMCID: PMC4602622 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary multiple intestinal atresia (HMIA) is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction in humans associated with a profound combined immune deficiency. Deleterious mutations of the tetratricopeptide repeat domain-7A (TTC7A) gene lead to HMIA, although the mechanism(s) causing the disease in TTC7A deficiency has (have) not yet been clearly identified. To evaluate the consequences of TTC7A deficiency, we studied the morphology of several organs from HMIA patients at different developmental stages, as well as the expression of the TTC7A protein. We performed histological and immunohistochemical analyses on biopsies and autopsies of 6 patients and 1 fetus with HMIA. Moreover, we characterized for the first time the expression of the TTC7A protein by immunostaining it in several organs from control (including fetal samples), infants, and 1 fetus with HMIA. Besides the gastrointestinal tract, HMIA disease was associated with morphological alterations in multiple organs: thymus, lung, spleen, and liver. Moreover, we demonstrated that normal TTC7A protein was expressed in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells of the intestine, thymus, and pancreas. Surprisingly, altered TTC7A protein was highly expressed in tissues from patients, mainly in the epithelial cells. We have established that HMIA associated with a TTC7A defect is characterized by multiorgan impairments. Overall, this report suggests that TTC7A protein is critical for the proper development, preservation, and/or function of thymic and gastrointestinal epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Fernandez
- From the Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada (IF, EH, FLD); Department of Microbiology and Immunology, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada (IF, FLD); CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada (IF, NP, EH, HD, FLD); Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada (NP); Department of Paediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada (VM, EH, HD, FLD); Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada (VM); Histology Facility, IRIC, University of Montreal, Montreal, Montreal, Canada (MB); Medical Genetics Service, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada (BM); and Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology, CHU Sainte-Justine Montreal, Canada (EH, HD, FLD)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To update on the molecular and cellular basis of multiple intestinal atresia (MIA). RECENT FINDINGS Mutations of the tetratricopeptide repeat domain 7A gene have been identified in patients with MIA and other related disorders, including MIA associated with combined immunodeficiency and very early onset inflammatory bowel disease with apoptotic enterocolitis. Pathological findings in patients with MIA and MIA associated with combined immunodeficiency include abnormalities of enterocyte apicobasal polarity, increased apoptosis of intestinal cells, decreased proliferation of intestinal crypts, and defects of thymic architecture associated with lymphoid depletion. Dysregulated RhoA signaling and defective expression of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIIα represent biochemical cellular hallmarks of the disease. SUMMARY The study of patients with MIA and related disorders has established that tetratricopeptide repeat domain 7A plays a critical role in intestinal and immune homeostasis. Identification of biochemical defects may pave the way to novel pharmacological interventions for this group of severe congenital disorders.
Collapse
|
10
|
Mutations in tetratricopeptide repeat domain 7A (TTC7A) are associated with combined immunodeficiency with dendriform lung ossification but no intestinal atresia. LYMPHOSIGN JOURNAL-THE JOURNAL OF INHERITED IMMUNE DISORDERS 2014. [DOI: 10.14785/lpsn-2014-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Genetic aberrations associated with combined immunodeficiency have been increasingly identified in the past two decades. Yet, there are still 30% of these patients with unidentified genetic cause. Methods: We employed whole genome sequencing to identify the genetic defect leading to combined immunodeficiency. Thymus, gut, and lung tissues were studied using hematoxylin and eosin staining as well as immunohistochemistry. Results: We identified 2 deleterious mutations in the TTC7A gene. Surprisingly, the patient did not have intestinal atresia but suffered repeated infections as well fatal pneumonitis. Dendriform lung ossification developed, which was unique to this case. The patient had typical presentation of combined immunodeficiency including profound lymphopenia, markedly reduced in-vitro response to mitogens, as well as low TRECS. Serum immunoglobulins were also markedly reduced. Conclusion: Mutations in the TTC7A gene can cause combined immunodeficiency with no intestinal atresia and predispose to lung ossification. Statement of novelty: TTC7A mutations can cause profound immunodeficiency without multiple intestinal atresia. We report here for the first time that this defect is associated with dendriform lung ossification.
Collapse
|
11
|
Lemoine R, Pachlopnik-Schmid J, Farin HF, Bigorgne A, Debré M, Sepulveda F, Héritier S, Lemale J, Talbotec C, Rieux-Laucat F, Ruemmele F, Morali A, Cathebras P, Nitschke P, Bole-Feysot C, Blanche S, Brousse N, Picard C, Clevers H, Fischer A, de Saint Basile G. Immune deficiency-related enteropathy-lymphocytopenia-alopecia syndrome results from tetratricopeptide repeat domain 7A deficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:1354-1364.e6. [PMID: 25174867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is one of the most common chronic gastrointestinal diseases, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Studies of monogenic diseases can provide insight into the pathogenesis of IBD. OBJECTIVE We thought to determine the underlying molecular causes of IBD occurring in 2 unrelated families in association with an immune deficiency. METHODS We performed genetic linkage analysis and candidate gene sequencing on 13 patients from a large consanguineous family affected by early-onset IBD, progressive immune deficiency, and, in some cases, autoimmunity and alopecia, a condition we named enteropathy-lymphocytopenia-alopecia. The candidate gene was also sequenced in an unrelated patient with a similar phenotype. We performed histologic analysis of patients' intestinal biopsy specimens and carried out functional assays on PBMCs. Gut organoids derived from a patient's biopsy specimen were analyzed. RESULTS We identified biallelic missense mutations in tetratricopeptide repeat domain 7A (TTC7A) in all patients from both families. The resulting TTC7A depletion modified the proliferation, adhesion, and migratory capacities of lymphocytes through inappropriate activation of the RhoA signaling pathway. Normal function was restored by wild-type TTC7A expression or addition of a RhoA kinase inhibitor. The growth and polarity of gut epithelial organoids were also found to be dependent on the RhoA signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS We show that TTC7A regulates the actin cytoskeleton dynamics in lymphocytes through the RhoA signaling pathway and is required in both lymphocytes and epithelial cells for maintaining equilibrium between cell proliferation, migration, polarization, and cell death. Our study highlights variability in the phenotypic expression resulting from TTC7A deficiency and outlines that impairment of both epithelial cells and lymphocytes cooperatively causes IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roxane Lemoine
- INSERM, Unité U1163, Laboratoire Homéostasie normale et pathologique du système immunitaire, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France; Unité d'Immunologie et Hématologie Pédiatrique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Jana Pachlopnik-Schmid
- INSERM, Unité U1163, Laboratoire Homéostasie normale et pathologique du système immunitaire, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France; Unité d'Immunologie et Hématologie Pédiatrique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Henner F Farin
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research and University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Amélie Bigorgne
- INSERM, Unité U1163, Laboratoire Homéostasie normale et pathologique du système immunitaire, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France; Unité d'Immunologie et Hématologie Pédiatrique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Marianne Debré
- Unité d'Immunologie et Hématologie Pédiatrique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Fernando Sepulveda
- INSERM, Unité U1163, Laboratoire Homéostasie normale et pathologique du système immunitaire, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France; Unité d'Immunologie et Hématologie Pédiatrique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Héritier
- Unité d'Immunologie et Hématologie Pédiatrique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Julie Lemale
- Unité de Nutrition et Gastroentérologie Pédiatriques, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Talbotec
- Service de gastroentérologie, hépatologie et nutrition pédiatriques, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Rieux-Laucat
- INSERM, Unité U1163, Laboratoire Homéostasie normale et pathologique du système immunitaire, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France; Unité d'Immunologie et Hématologie Pédiatrique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Frank Ruemmele
- Service de gastroentérologie, hépatologie et nutrition pédiatriques, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Alain Morali
- Unité d'Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie et Nutrition Pédiatriques, Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU Nancy Brabois-F 54500 Vandoeuvre les Nancy et Unité INSERM U954, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Cathebras
- Service de Médecine Interne, CHU de Saint Etienne, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Patrick Nitschke
- Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | | | - Stéphane Blanche
- INSERM, Unité U1163, Laboratoire Homéostasie normale et pathologique du système immunitaire, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Nicole Brousse
- Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France; Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
| | - Capucine Picard
- Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France; Unité d'Immunologie et Hématologie Pédiatrique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France; Centre d'Etudes des Déficits Immunitaires, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research and University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alain Fischer
- INSERM, Unité U1163, Laboratoire Homéostasie normale et pathologique du système immunitaire, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France; Unité d'Immunologie et Hématologie Pédiatrique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France; College de France, Paris, France
| | - Geneviève de Saint Basile
- INSERM, Unité U1163, Laboratoire Homéostasie normale et pathologique du système immunitaire, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France; Unité d'Immunologie et Hématologie Pédiatrique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France; Centre d'Etudes des Déficits Immunitaires, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Celli J. Genetics of gastrointestinal atresias. Eur J Med Genet 2014; 57:424-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
13
|
Avitzur Y, Guo C, Mastropaolo LA, Bahrami E, Chen H, Zhao Z, Elkadri A, Dhillon S, Murchie R, Fattouh R, Huynh H, Walker JL, Wales PW, Cutz E, Kakuta Y, Dudley J, Kammermeier J, Powrie F, Shah N, Walz C, Nathrath M, Kotlarz D, Puchaka J, Krieger JR, Racek T, Kirchner T, Walters TD, Brumell JH, Griffiths AM, Rezaei N, Rashtian P, Najafi M, Monajemzadeh M, Pelsue S, McGovern DPB, Uhlig HH, Schadt E, Klein C, Snapper SB, Muise AM. Mutations in tetratricopeptide repeat domain 7A result in a severe form of very early onset inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 2014; 146:1028-39. [PMID: 24417819 PMCID: PMC4002656 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Very early onset inflammatory bowel diseases (VEOIBD), including infant disorders, are a diverse group of diseases found in children younger than 6 years of age. They have been associated with several gene variants. Our aim was to identify the genes that cause VEOIBD. METHODS We performed whole exome sequencing of DNA from 1 infant with severe enterocolitis and her parents. Candidate gene mutations were validated in 40 pediatric patients and functional studies were carried out using intestinal samples and human intestinal cell lines. RESULTS We identified compound heterozygote mutations in the Tetratricopeptide repeat domain 7 (TTC7A) gene in an infant from non-consanguineous parents with severe exfoliative apoptotic enterocolitis; we also detected TTC7A mutations in 2 unrelated families, each with 2 affected siblings. TTC7A interacts with EFR3 homolog B to regulate phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase at the plasma membrane. Functional studies demonstrated that TTC7A is expressed in human enterocytes. The mutations we identified in TTC7A result in either mislocalization or reduced expression of TTC7A. Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase was found to co-immunoprecipitate with TTC7A; the identified TTC7A mutations reduced this binding. Knockdown of TTC7A in human intestinal-like cell lines reduced their adhesion, increased apoptosis, and decreased production of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate. CONCLUSIONS In a genetic analysis, we identified loss of function mutations in TTC7A in 5 infants with VEOIBD. Functional studies demonstrated that the mutations cause defects in enterocytes and T cells that lead to severe apoptotic enterocolitis. Defects in the phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase-TTC7A-EFR3 homolog B pathway are involved in the pathogenesis of VEOIBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Avitzur
- Group for Improvement of Intestinal Function and Treatment (GIFT), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Conghui Guo
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lucas A Mastropaolo
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ehsan Bahrami
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Hannah Chen
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit and Paediatric Gastroenterology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zhen Zhao
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abdul Elkadri
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandeep Dhillon
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan Murchie
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ramzi Fattouh
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hien Huynh
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Walker
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Maine, Portland, Maine
| | - Paul W Wales
- Group for Improvement of Intestinal Function and Treatment (GIFT), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ernest Cutz
- Division of Pathology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yoichi Kakuta
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Immunobiology Research Institute at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Joel Dudley
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | - Fiona Powrie
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department Clinical Medicine-Experimental Medicine Division, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Neil Shah
- Gastroenterology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Christoph Walz
- Institute for Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Michaela Nathrath
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Kassel and CCG Osteosarcoma, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Kotlarz
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Jacek Puchaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Jonathan R Krieger
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tomas Racek
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Kirchner
- Institute for Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas D Walters
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John H Brumell
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne M Griffiths
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Molecular Immunology Research Center and Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Rashtian
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehri Najafi
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Monajemzadeh
- Department of Pathology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Stephen Pelsue
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Maine, Portland, Maine
| | - Dermot P B McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Immunobiology Research Institute at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Holm H Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit and Paediatric Gastroenterology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eric Schadt
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Christoph Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Scott B Snapper
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aleixo M Muise
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bigorgne AE, Farin HF, Lemoine R, Mahlaoui N, Lambert N, Gil M, Schulz A, Philippet P, Schlesser P, Abrahamsen TG, Oymar K, Davies EG, Ellingsen CL, Leteurtre E, Moreau-Massart B, Berrebi D, Bole-Feysot C, Nischke P, Brousse N, Fischer A, Clevers H, de Saint Basile G. TTC7A mutations disrupt intestinal epithelial apicobasal polarity. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:328-37. [PMID: 24292712 DOI: 10.1172/jci71471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple intestinal atresia (MIA) is a rare cause of bowel obstruction that is sometimes associated with a combined immunodeficiency (CID), leading to increased susceptibility to infections. The factors underlying this rare disease are poorly understood. We characterized the immunological and intestinal features of 6 unrelated MIA-CID patients. All patients displayed a profound, generalized lymphocytopenia, with few lymphocytes present in the lymph nodes. The thymus was hypoplastic and exhibited an abnormal distribution of epithelial cells. Patients also had profound disruption of the epithelial barrier along the entire gastrointestinal tract. Using linkage analysis and whole-exome sequencing, we identified 10 mutations in tetratricopeptide repeat domain–7A (TTC7A), all of which potentially abrogate TTC7A expression. Intestinal organoid cultures from patient biopsies displayed an inversion of apicobasal polarity of the epithelial cells that was normalized by pharmacological inhibition of Rho kinase. Our data indicate that TTC7A deficiency results in increased Rho kinase activity, which disrupts polarity, growth, and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells, and which impairs immune cell homeostasis, thereby promoting MIA-CID development.
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen R, Giliani S, Lanzi G, Mias GI, Lonardi S, Dobbs K, Manis J, Im H, Gallagher JE, Phanstiel DH, Euskirchen G, Lacroute P, Bettinger K, Moratto D, Weinacht K, Montin D, Gallo E, Mangili G, Porta F, Notarangelo LD, Pedretti S, Al-Herz W, Alfahdli W, Comeau AM, Traister RS, Pai SY, Carella G, Facchetti F, Nadeau KC, Snyder M, Notarangelo LD. Whole-exome sequencing identifies tetratricopeptide repeat domain 7A (TTC7A) mutations for combined immunodeficiency with intestinal atresias. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 132:656-664.e17. [PMID: 23830146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combined immunodeficiency with multiple intestinal atresias (CID-MIA) is a rare hereditary disease characterized by intestinal obstructions and profound immune defects. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the underlying genetic causes of CID-MIA by analyzing the exomic sequences of 5 patients and their healthy direct relatives from 5 unrelated families. METHODS We performed whole-exome sequencing on 5 patients with CID-MIA and 10 healthy direct family members belonging to 5 unrelated families with CID-MIA. We also performed targeted Sanger sequencing for the candidate gene tetratricopeptide repeat domain 7A (TTC7A) on 3 additional patients with CID-MIA. RESULTS Through analysis and comparison of the exomic sequence of the subjects from these 5 families, we identified biallelic damaging mutations in the TTC7A gene, for a total of 7 distinct mutations. Targeted TTC7A gene sequencing in 3 additional unrelated patients with CID-MIA revealed biallelic deleterious mutations in 2 of them, as well as an aberrant splice product in the third patient. Staining of normal thymus showed that the TTC7A protein is expressed in thymic epithelial cells, as well as in thymocytes. Moreover, severe lymphoid depletion was observed in the thymus and peripheral lymphoid tissues from 2 patients with CID-MIA. CONCLUSIONS We identified deleterious mutations of the TTC7A gene in 8 unrelated patients with CID-MIA and demonstrated that the TTC7A protein is expressed in the thymus. Our results strongly suggest that TTC7A gene defects cause CID-MIA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Silvia Giliani
- A. Nocivelli Institute for Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Clinic, University of Brescia, and the Section of Genetics, Department of Pathology Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Gaetana Lanzi
- A. Nocivelli Institute for Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Clinic, University of Brescia, and the Section of Genetics, Department of Pathology Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - George I Mias
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Silvia Lonardi
- Department of Pathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Kerry Dobbs
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Mass
| | - John Manis
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Hogune Im
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | | | - Douglas H Phanstiel
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Ghia Euskirchen
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Philippe Lacroute
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Keith Bettinger
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Daniele Moratto
- A. Nocivelli Institute for Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Clinic, University of Brescia, and the Section of Genetics, Department of Pathology Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Katja Weinacht
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Davide Montin
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gallo
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanna Mangili
- USC Patologia Neonatale, Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Fulvio Porta
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Lucia D Notarangelo
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefania Pedretti
- USC Patologia Neonatale, Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Waleed Al-Herz
- Department of Pediatrics, Al-Sabah Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Wasmi Alfahdli
- Department of Surgery, Ibn-Sina Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Anne Marie Comeau
- New England Newborn Screening Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Mass
| | - Russell S Traister
- Department of Internal Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Sung-Yun Pai
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Graziella Carella
- Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Fabio Facchetti
- Department of Pathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif.
| | - Michael Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif.
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Mass; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Samuels ME, Majewski J, Alirezaie N, Fernandez I, Casals F, Patey N, Decaluwe H, Gosselin I, Haddad E, Hodgkinson A, Idaghdour Y, Marchand V, Michaud JL, Rodrigue MA, Desjardins S, Dubois S, Le Deist F, Awadalla P, Raymond V, Maranda B. Exome sequencing identifies mutations in the gene TTC7A in French-Canadian cases with hereditary multiple intestinal atresia. J Med Genet 2013; 50:324-9. [PMID: 23423984 PMCID: PMC3625823 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2012-101483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital multiple intestinal atresia (MIA) is a severe, fatal neonatal disorder, involving the occurrence of obstructions in the small and large intestines ultimately leading to organ failure. Surgical interventions are palliative but do not provide long-term survival. Severe immunodeficiency may be associated with the phenotype. A genetic basis for MIA is likely. We had previously ascertained a cohort of patients of French-Canadian origin, most of whom were deceased as infants or in utero. The goal of the study was to identify the molecular basis for the disease in the patients of this cohort. METHODS We performed whole exome sequencing on samples from five patients of four families. Validation of mutations and familial segregation was performed using standard Sanger sequencing in these and three additional families with deceased cases. Exon skipping was assessed by reverse transcription-PCR and Sanger sequencing. RESULTS Five patients from four different families were each homozygous for a four base intronic deletion in the gene TTC7A, immediately adjacent to a consensus GT splice donor site. The deletion was demonstrated to have deleterious effects on splicing causing the skipping of the attendant upstream coding exon, thereby leading to a predicted severe protein truncation. Parents were heterozygous carriers of the deletion in these families and in two additional families segregating affected cases. In a seventh family, an affected case was compound heterozygous for the same 4bp deletion and a second missense mutation p.L823P, also predicted as pathogenic. No other sequenced genes possessed deleterious variants explanatory for all patients in the cohort. Neither mutation was seen in a large set of control chromosomes. CONCLUSIONS Based on our genetic results, TTC7A is the likely causal gene for MIA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Samuels
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Ste-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jacek Majewski
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Najmeh Alirezaie
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Isabel Fernandez
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Ste-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ferran Casals
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Ste-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Natalie Patey
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Ste-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pathology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hélène Decaluwe
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Ste-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Gosselin
- Department of Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elie Haddad
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Ste-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alan Hodgkinson
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Ste-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Youssef Idaghdour
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Ste-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Valerie Marchand
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Ste-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jacques L Michaud
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Ste-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc-André Rodrigue
- Department of Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sylvie Desjardins
- Department of Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Dubois
- Department of Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Francoise Le Deist
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Ste-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philip Awadalla
- Centre de Recherche du CHU Ste-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent Raymond
- Department of Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bruno Maranda
- Medical Genetics Service, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Abstract
Mouse models of lupus have for many years provided accessible and reliable research systems for the pathogenesis and therapy of systemic autoimmune disease, spanning a spectrum of inbred strains that develop spontaneous disease to experimentally induced, sometimes genetically manipulated animals. Nearly all the models share in common the development of glomerulonephritis and autoantibodies, including antinuclear and DNA specificities, the most common endpoints examined in experimental studies, but exhibit specific differences in the incidence of other end-organ manifestations such as hemolytic anemia, arthritis, dermatitis, and vasculitis. This chapter contrasts the clinical characteristics of these various models, providing an outline for their use and analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stanford L Peng
- Rheumatology Clinical Research Unit, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kerns SL, Ostrer H, Stock R, Li W, Moore J, Pearlman A, Campbell C, Shao Y, Stone N, Kusnetz L, Rosenstein BS. Genome-wide association study to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the development of erectile dysfunction in African-American men after radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010; 78:1292-300. [PMID: 20932654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with erectile dysfunction (ED) among African-American prostate cancer patients treated with external beam radiation therapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS A cohort of African-American prostate cancer patients treated with external beam radiation therapy was observed for the development of ED by use of the five-item Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM) questionnaire. Final analysis included 27 cases (post-treatment SHIM score ≤7) and 52 control subjects (post-treatment SHIM score ≥16). A genome-wide association study was performed using approximately 909,000 SNPs genotyped on Affymetrix 6.0 arrays (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA). RESULTS We identified SNP rs2268363, located in the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) gene, as significantly associated with ED after correcting for multiple comparisons (unadjusted p = 5.46 × 10(-8), Bonferroni p = 0.028). We identified four additional SNPs that tended toward a significant association with an unadjusted p value < 10(-6). Inference of population substructure showed that cases had a higher proportion of African ancestry than control subjects (77% vs. 60%, p = 0.005). A multivariate logistic regression model that incorporated estimated ancestry and four of the top-ranked SNPs was a more accurate classifier of ED than a model that included only clinical variables. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first genome-wide association study to identify SNPs associated with adverse effects resulting from radiotherapy. It is important to note that the SNP that proved to be significantly associated with ED is located within a gene whose encoded product plays a role in male gonad development and function. Another key finding of this project is that the four SNPs most strongly associated with ED were specific to persons of African ancestry and would therefore not have been identified had a cohort of European ancestry been screened. This study demonstrates the feasibility of a genome-wide approach to investigate genetic predisposition to radiation injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Kerns
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Heruth DP, Hawkins T, Logsdon DP, Gibson MI, Sokolovsky IV, Nsumu NN, Major SL, Fegley B, Woods GM, Lewing KB, Neville KA, Cornetta K, Peterson KR, White RA. Mutation in erythroid specific transcription factor KLF1 causes Hereditary Spherocytosis in the Nan hemolytic anemia mouse model. Genomics 2010; 96:303-7. [PMID: 20691777 PMCID: PMC6390478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2010.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Revised: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
KLF1 regulates definitive erythropoiesis of red blood cells by facilitating transcription through high affinity binding to CACCC elements within its erythroid specific target genes including those encoding erythrocyte membrane skeleton (EMS) proteins. Deficiencies of EMS proteins in humans lead to the hemolytic anemia Hereditary Spherocytosis (HS) which includes a subpopulation with no known genetic defect. Here we report that a mutation, E339D, in the second zinc finger domain of KLF1 is responsible for HS in the mouse model Nan. The causative nature of this mutation was verified with an allelic test cross between Nan/+ and heterozygous Klf1(+/-) knockout mice. Homology modeling predicted Nan KLF1 binds CACCC elements more tightly, suggesting that Nan KLF1 is a competitive inhibitor of wild-type KLF1. This is the first association of a KLF1 mutation with a disease state in adult mammals and also presents the possibility of being another causative gene for HS in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Heruth
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy Hospitals & Clinics, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO 64108
| | - Troy Hawkins
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 W. Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Derek P. Logsdon
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy Hospitals & Clinics, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108
| | - Margaret I. Gibson
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy Hospitals & Clinics, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108
| | - Inna V. Sokolovsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy Hospitals & Clinics, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108
| | - Ndona N. Nsumu
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy Hospitals & Clinics, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108
| | - Stephanie L. Major
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy Hospitals & Clinics, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108
| | - Barbara Fegley
- Electron Microscopy Research Laboratory, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160
| | - Gerald M. Woods
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy Hospitals & Clinics, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO 64108
| | - Karen B. Lewing
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy Hospitals & Clinics, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO 64108
| | - Kathleen A. Neville
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy Hospitals & Clinics, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO 64108
| | - Kenneth Cornetta
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 W. Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Kenneth R. Peterson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160
| | - Robert A. White
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy Hospitals & Clinics, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO 64108
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wilmink GJ, Roth CL, Ibey BL, Ketchum N, Bernhard J, Cerna CZ, Roach WP. Identification of microRNAs associated with hyperthermia-induced cellular stress response. Cell Stress Chaperones 2010; 15:1027-38. [PMID: 20352393 PMCID: PMC3024070 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-010-0189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Revised: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small RNAs that play a critical role in the coordination of fundamental cellular processes. Recent studies suggest that miRNAs participate in the cellular stress response (CSR), but their specific involvement remains unclear. In this study, we identify a group of thermally regulated miRNAs (TRMs) that are associated with the CSR. Using miRNA microarrays, we show that dermal fibroblasts differentially express 123 miRNAs when exposed to hyperthermia. Interestingly, only 27 of these miRNAs are annotated in the current Sanger registry. We validated the expression of the annotated miRNAs using qPCR techniques, and we found that the qPCR and microarray data was in well agreement. Computational target-prediction studies revealed that putative targets for the TRMs are heat shock proteins and Argonaute-2-the core functional unit of RNA silencing. These results indicate that cells express a specific group of miRNAs when exposed to hyperthermia, and these miRNAs may function in the regulation of the CSR. Future studies will be conducted to determine if other cells lines differentially express these miRNAs when exposed to hyperthermia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerald J Wilmink
- National Academy of Sciences, NRC Research Associate Program, 500 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, DC, 20001, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Class III phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase alpha and beta are novel host factor regulators of hepatitis C virus replication. J Virol 2009; 83:10058-74. [PMID: 19605471 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02418-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Host factor pathways are known to be essential for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and replication in human liver cells. To search for novel host factor proteins required for HCV replication, we screened a subgenomic genotype 1b replicon cell line (Luc-1b) with a kinome and druggable collection of 20,779 siRNAs. We identified and validated several enzymes required for HCV replication, including class III phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases (PI4KA and PI4KB), carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase (CAD), and mevalonate (diphospho) decarboxylase. Knockdown of PI4KA could inhibit the replication and/or HCV RNA levels of the two subgenomic genotype 1b clones (SG-1b and Luc-1b), two subgenomic genotype 1a clones (SG-1a and Luc-1a), JFH-1 genotype 2a infectious virus (JFH1-2a), and the genomic genotype 1a (FL-1a) replicon. In contrast, PI4KB knockdown inhibited replication and/or HCV RNA levels of Luc-1b, SG-1b, and Luc-1a replicons. The small molecule inhibitor, PIK93, was found to block subgenomic genotype 1b (Luc-1b), subgenomic genotype 1a (Luc-1a), and genomic genotype 2a (JFH1-2a) infectious virus replication in the nanomolar range. PIK93 was characterized by using quantitative chemical proteomics and in vitro biochemical assays to demonstrate PIK93 is a bone fide PI4KA and PI4KB inhibitor. Our data demonstrate that genetic or pharmacological modulation of PI4KA and PI4KB inhibits multiple genotypes of HCV and represents a novel druggable class of therapeutic targets for HCV infection.
Collapse
|
23
|
Voisset C, Weiss RA, Griffiths DJ. Human RNA "rumor" viruses: the search for novel human retroviruses in chronic disease. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2008; 72:157-96, table of contents. [PMID: 18322038 PMCID: PMC2268285 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00033-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Retroviruses are an important group of pathogens that cause a variety of diseases in humans and animals. Four human retroviruses are currently known, including human immunodeficiency virus type 1, which causes AIDS, and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1, which causes cancer and inflammatory disease. For many years, there have been sporadic reports of additional human retroviral infections, particularly in cancer and other chronic diseases. Unfortunately, many of these putative viruses remain unproven and controversial, and some retrovirologists have dismissed them as merely "human rumor viruses." Work in this field was last reviewed in depth in 1984, and since then, the molecular techniques available for identifying and characterizing retroviruses have improved enormously in sensitivity. The advent of PCR in particular has dramatically enhanced our ability to detect novel viral sequences in human tissues. However, DNA amplification techniques have also increased the potential for false-positive detection due to contamination. In addition, the presence of many families of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) within our DNA can obstruct attempts to identify and validate novel human retroviruses. Here, we aim to bring together the data on "novel" retroviral infections in humans by critically examining the evidence for those putative viruses that have been linked with disease and the likelihood that they represent genuine human infections. We provide a background to the field and a discussion of potential confounding factors along with some technical guidelines. In addition, some of the difficulties associated with obtaining formal proof of causation for common or ubiquitous agents such as HERVs are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Voisset
- CNRS-UMR8161, Institut de Biologie de Lille et Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
KASAHARA Y, SHIMIZU K, KURIBAYASHI K. Developmental Abnormalities of the Thymus in hea/hea Mutant Mice. Exp Anim 2008; 57:85-94. [DOI: 10.1538/expanim.57.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki KASAHARA
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Kansai College of Oriental Medicine
| | - Koji SHIMIZU
- Department of Biology, Naruto University of Education
| | - Koichi KURIBAYASHI
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Kansai College of Oriental Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Perincheri S, Peyton DK, Glenn M, Peterson ML, Spear BT. Characterization of the ETnII-alpha endogenous retroviral element in the BALB/cJ Zhx2 ( Afr1 ) allele. Mamm Genome 2007; 19:26-31. [PMID: 18066620 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-007-9077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2007] [Accepted: 10/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Integration of mouse endogenous retroviral (MERV) elements is responsible for an estimated 10% of spontaneous mutations that have been characterized in the laboratory mouse. We recently identified a MERV integration in the first intron of the Zinc fingers and homeoboxes 2 (Zhx2) gene in BALB/cJ mice, resulting in reduced Zhx2 expression. This integration is found in BALB/cJ but not in other BALB/c substrains, indicating that it occurred after these substrains separated in the late 1930s. We have characterized this MERV element and show here that it belongs to the ETnII-alpha class of elements. Our analysis reveals that the Zhx2 ETn element lacks a 69-bp sequence compared to most other ETn elements which may be due to recombination between two identical 13-bp elements. Three mature Zhx2 transcripts are found in the liver of BALB/cJ mice. The major transcript is spliced from Zhx2 exon 1 to the 5' ETn LTR and is polyadenylated at the 3' LTR. Of the two less abundant transcripts, one is identical to the wild-type transcript, whereas the second contains 183 bp of ETn sequence spliced between Zhx2 exons 1 and 2. We have also sequenced and analyzed products from the fas ( lpr ) ETn found in MRL/lpr mice and show that it belongs to the ETnII-beta class of elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Perincheri
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bittel DC, Kibiryeva N, McNulty SG, Driscoll DJ, Butler MG, White RA. Whole genome microarray analysis of gene expression in an imprinting center deletion mouse model of Prader-Willi syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2007; 143A:422-9. [PMID: 17036336 PMCID: PMC5453790 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is caused by loss of paternally expressed genes in the 15q11-q13 region. To further characterize alterations in gene expression in this classical obesity syndrome we used whole genome microarrays to study a PWS mouse model resulting from a paternally derived imprinting center (IC) deletion (PWS IC deletion). These mice die generally within 2-3 days of life (reflective of failure to thrive in infants with PWS) and therefore, the analysis was performed on RNA extracted from the whole brain of PWS IC deletion mice and normal littermates at less than 24 hr after birth. Of more than 45,000 probes examined, 26,471 (59%) were detected for further analysis, and 69 had a significant change in expression of at least 1.5-fold and a false discovery rate (FDR) of 5%. Eight of the genes with differential expression were imprinted and from the PWS critical region (PWSCR). The three genes with the highest expression in the PWS IC mice were pro-opiomelanocortin (Pomc) and two transcripts of unknown function. Pomc knockout mice have been shown to develop obesity. Therefore, elevated Pomc RNA in PWS IC deletion neonatal mice may be an important genetic factor in the survival of these mice as it may affect eating behavior. Interestingly, Mc5r, a melanocortin receptor known to directly respond to Pomc expression changes, was upregulated as well. Mc5r is known to be involved with thermoregulation which is reportedly abnormal in PWS infants. These observations support a role for Pomc and the network of genes involved in regulating energy homeostasis in the early clinical findings of failure to thrive observed in PWS. Other notable patterns include three previously unstudied transcripts that are expressed only from the paternal allele under regulatory control of the IC and include AK013560, BB3144814, and BB182944 (whose genes are located in the mouse PWSCR on chromosome 7B). As expected, all the known paternally expressed genes from the PWSCR had detection signals below the threshold in the PWS IC deletion mice but were clearly detectable in control littermates. Several of the genes in this study were further examined by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) to confirm their expression status. Further analysis of gene expression in these mice may lead to novel pathways affected in PWS. These results, along with other recent reports, suggest that the cumulative effect of modest changes in expression of many genes, especially genes involved in energy metabolism, contribute to the failure to thrive of infants with PWS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas C. Bittel
- Children’s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics and University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Nataliya Kibiryeva
- Children’s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics and University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Steven G. McNulty
- Children’s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics and University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Daniel J. Driscoll
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Merlin G. Butler
- Children’s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics and University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Robert A. White
- Children’s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics and University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Helms C, Pelsue S, Cao L, Lamb E, Loffredo B, Taillon-Miller P, Herrin B, Burzenski LM, Gott B, Lyons BL, Keppler D, Shultz LD, Bowcock AM. The Tetratricopeptide repeat domain 7 gene is mutated in flaky skin mice: a model for psoriasis, autoimmunity, and anemia. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2005; 230:659-67. [PMID: 16179734 DOI: 10.1177/153537020523000908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The flaky skin (fsn) mutation in mice causes pleiotropic abnormalities including psoriasiform dermatitis, anemia, hyper-IgE, and anti-dsDNA autoantibodies resembling those detected in systemic lupus erythematosus. The fsn mutation was mapped to an interval of 3.9 kb on chromosome 17 between D17Mit130 and D17Mit162. Resequencing of known and predicted exons and regulatory sequences from this region in fsn/fsn and wild-type mice indicated that the mutation is due to the insertion of an endogenous retrovirus (early transposon class) into intron 14 of the Tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain 7 (Ttc7) gene. The insertion leads to reduced levels of wild-type Ttc7 transcripts in fsn mice and the insertion of an additional exon derived from the retrovirus into the majority of Ttc7 mRNAs. This disrupts one of the TPRs within TTC7 and may affect its interaction with an as-yet unidentified protein partner. The Ttc7 is expressed in multiple types of tissue including skin, kidney, spleen, and thymus, but is most abundant in germinal center B cells and hematopoietic stem cells, suggesting an important role in the development of immune system cells. Its role in immunologic and hematologic disorders should be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Helms
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mattsson N, Duzevik EG, Pelsue SC. Expansion of CD22lo B cells in the spleen of autoimmune-prone flaky skin mice. Cell Immunol 2005; 234:124-32. [PMID: 16054613 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2005.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2005] [Revised: 06/02/2005] [Accepted: 06/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Similar to murine models with compromised CD22/SHP-1 function, flaky skin (fsn) mutant mice exhibit lymphocyte hyperactivation and an autoimmune phenotype characterized by circulating autoantibodies to dsDNA and glomerulonephritis. Immunophenotyping of fsn/fsn splenic B cells was performed to determine if abnormalities in CD22 expression contributed to the phenotype. We identified an expansion of an IgM(bright) CD22lo population consistent with immature B-lymphocytes. While normal B-lymphocytes require IL-4 to achieve down-modulation of CD22 expression in response to BCR cross-linking, culture with anti-IgM alone led to reduced CD22 expression in fsn/fsn mice. Furthermore, when IL-4 was added to fsn/fsn cultures, no further reduction in CD22 expression was observed. This suggested that fsn/fsn B cells were pre-activated in vivo by chronic IL-4 exposure. A portion of these CD22lo cells expressed the B-1 surface marker CD11b. We contend that decreased activation thresholds among CD22lo B-lymphocytes contributes to the expansion of immature and B-1 B cell populations and to the development of autoimmune pathology in fsn/fsn mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Mattsson
- Department of Applied Medical Sciences and Bioscience Research Institute of Southern Maine, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME 04103, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|