1
|
Nanamiya R, Suzuki H, Kaneko MK, Kato Y. Development of an Anti-EphB4 Monoclonal Antibody for Multiple Applications Against Breast Cancers. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2023; 42:166-177. [PMID: 37824755 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2023.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma (Eph) receptors are the largest receptor tyrosine kinase family. EphB4 is essential for cell adhesion and motility during embryogenesis. Pathologically, EphB4 is overexpressed and contributes to poor prognosis in various tumors. Therefore, specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) should be developed to predict the prognosis for multiple tumors with high EphB4 expression, including breast and gastric cancers. This study aimed to develop specific anti-EphB4 mAbs for multiple applications using the Cell-Based Immunization and Screening method. EphB4-overexpressed Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 (CHO/EphB4) cells were immunized into mice, and we established an anti-EphB4 mAb (clone B4Mab-7), which is applicable for flow cytometry, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). B4Mab-7 reacted with endogenous EphB4-positive breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, but did not react with EphB4-knockout MCF-7 (BINDS-52) in flow cytometry. Dissociation constant (KD) values were determined to be 2.9 × 10-9 M and 1.3 × 10-9 M by flow cytometric analysis for CHO/EphB4 and MCF-7 cells, respectively. B4Mab-7 detected the EphB4 protein bands from breast cancer cells in Western blot, and stained breast cancer tissues in IHC. Altogether, B4Mab-7 is very useful for detecting EphB4 in various applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ren Nanamiya
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mika K Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
The EPH/Ephrin System in Gynecological Cancers: Focusing on the Roots of Carcinogenesis for Better Patient Management. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063249. [PMID: 35328669 PMCID: PMC8949008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gynecological cancers represent some of the most common types of malignancy worldwide. Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptors (EPHs) comprise the largest subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases, binding membrane-bound proteins called ephrins. EPHs/ephrins exhibit widespread expression in different cell types, playing an important role in carcinogenesis. The aim of the current review was to examine the dysregulation of the EPH/ephrin system in gynecological cancer, clarifying its role in ovarian, endometrial, and cervical carcinogenesis. In order to identify relevant studies, a literature review was conducted using the MEDLINE and LIVIVO databases. The search terms ephrin, ephrin receptor, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, and cervical cancer were employed and we were able to identify 57 studies focused on gynecological cancer and published between 2001 and 2021. All researched ephrins seemed to be upregulated in gynecological cancer, whereas EPHs showed either significant overexpression or extensive loss of expression in gynecological tumors, depending on the particular receptor. EPHA2, the most extensively studied EPH in ovarian cancer, exhibited overexpression both in ovarian carcinoma cell lines and patient tissue samples, while EPHB4 was found to be upregulated in endometrial cancer in a series of studies. EPHs/ephrins were shown to exert their role in different stages of gynecological cancer and to influence various clinicopathological parameters. The analysis of patients’ gynecological cancer tissue samples, most importantly, revealed the significant role of the EPH/ephrin system in the development and progression of gynecological cancer, as well as overall patient survival. In conclusion, the EPH/ephrin system represents a large family of biomolecules with promising applications in the fields of diagnosis, prognosis, disease monitoring, and treatment of gynecological cancer, with an established important clinical impact.
Collapse
|
3
|
Ke H, Wu Y, Wang R, Wu X. Creation of a Prognostic Risk Prediction Model for Lung Adenocarcinoma Based on Gene Expression, Methylation, and Clinical Characteristics. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e925833. [PMID: 33021972 PMCID: PMC7549534 DOI: 10.12659/msm.925833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to identify important marker genes in lung adenocarcinoma (LACC) and establish a prognostic risk model to predict the risk of LACC in patients. Material/Methods Gene expression and methylation profiles for LACC and clinical information about cases were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases, respectively. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially methylated genes (DMGs) between cancer and control groups were selected through meta-analysis. Pearson coefficient correlation analysis was performed to identify intersections between DEGs and DMGs and a functional analysis was performed on the genes that were correlated. Marker genes and clinical factors significantly related to prognosis were identified using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Risk prediction models were then created based on the marker genes and clinical factors. Results In total, 1975 DEGs and 2095 DMGs were identified. After comparison, 16 prognosis-related genes (EFNB2, TSPAN7, INPP5A, VAMP2, CALML5, SNAI2, RHOBTB1, CKB, ATF7IP2, RIMS2, RCBTB2, YBX1, RAB27B, NFATC1, TCEAL4, and SLC16A3) were selected from 265 overlapping genes. Four clinical factors (pathologic N [node], pathologic T [tumor], pathologic stage, and new tumor) were associated with prognosis. The prognostic risk prediction models were constructed and validated with other independent datasets. Conclusions An integrated model that combines clinical factors and gene markers is useful for predicting risk of LACC in patients. The 16 genes that were identified, including EFNB2, TSPAN7, INPP5A, VAMP2, and CALML5, may serve as novel biomarkers for diagnosis of LACC and prediction of disease prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honggang Ke
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Yunyu Wu
- Qixiu Campus, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Runjie Wang
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University and Wuxi 4th People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
EphrinB2 expression in prostate adenocarcinoma: Implications for targeted therapy. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:152967. [PMID: 32362422 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.152967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is managed by surgery, androgen deprivation and cytotoxic chemotherapy. Targeted therapy is emerging as an important pillar in cancer therapeutics, however, efficacy in prostate cancer has been limited. Eph-ephrin is a novel pathway that is upregulated in prostate cancer and promotes the initiation and progression of cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the immunohistochemical expression of ephrinB2 in prostate adenocarcinoma. METHODS A tissue microarray comprising of prostate adenocarcinoma of different grade groups was stained with a monoclonal anti-ephrinB2 antibody (Abcam, AB201512). The tumor and endothelial cells expressing the ephrinB2 positivity were noted. The statistical analysis was performed to determine the difference in expression based on grade groups and the TNM stage. RESULTS EphrinB2 was expressed in 40 out of 72 cases (55.5 %) of prostate adenocarcinoma and was predominantly negative in the normal prostatic tissue. There was no significant difference in the expression of ephrinB2 in various grade groups (p = 0.7) or stages (p = 0.6). CONCLUSIONS EphrinB2 is expressed in a significant number of prostate adenocarcinoma regardless of grade and stage. Hence, there is a potential to target this molecule in the low-grade tumors with localized disease as well as high grade, high volume tumors with metastatic disease.
Collapse
|
5
|
Immunohistochemical assessment of Eph/ephrin expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma and precursor lesions. Odontology 2019; 108:166-173. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-019-00466-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
6
|
Magic Z, Sandström J, Perez-Tenorio G. Ephrin‑B2 inhibits cell proliferation and motility in vitro and predicts longer metastasis‑free survival in breast cancer. Int J Oncol 2019; 55:1275-1286. [PMID: 31638179 PMCID: PMC6831205 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase receptor EphB4 and its ligand ephrin‑B2 interact through cell‑to‑cell contacts. Upon interaction, EphB4 transmits bidirectional signals. A forward signal inside EphB4‑expressing cells is believed to suppress tumor growth, while inside the ephrin‑expressing cells, an oncogenic reverse signal arises. In breast cancer cells with a high EphB4 receptor expression the forward signal is low, in part due to the low expression of the ligand ephrin‑B2. Therefore, we hypothesized that by re‑introducing the ligand in EphB4‑positive cells, tumor suppression could be induced by the stimulation of the forward signal. This question was addressed in vitro by the stable lentiviral infection of breast cancer cells with either wild‑type EFNB2 or with a mutant EFNB2‑5F, unable to transmit reverse signaling. Furthermore, we investigated ephrin‑B and EphB4 protein expression in 216 paraffin‑embedded tumors using immunohistochemistry. The in vitro results indicated that ephrin‑B2 expression was associated with a lower cell proliferation, migration and motility compared with the control cells. These effects were more pronounced when the cells lacked the ability to transmit the reverse signal (B2‑5F). In clinical material, ephrin‑B protein expression was associated with a positive estrogen receptor (ER) status, a low HER‑2 expression and was negatively associated with Nottingham histologic grade (NHG) III. Ephrin‑B expression indicated a good prognosis, whereas EphB4 expression was associated with a shorter metastasis‑free survival in univariate and multivariate analysis. Furthermore, the prognostic value of EFNB2 and EPHB4 was confirmed at the gene expression level in public datasets. Thus, on the whole, the findings of this study suggest that ephrin‑B2 expression is associated with less proliferation and lower motility of breast cancer cells and with a longer patient survival in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeljana Magic
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Department of Oncology, Linköping University, SE‑58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Josefine Sandström
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Department of Oncology, Linköping University, SE‑58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gizeh Perez-Tenorio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Department of Oncology, Linköping University, SE‑58185 Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yue WJ, Liu YP, Li M, Liu CX, Mou SJ, Li QK, Chen ZP. High serum Ephrin-B2 levels predict poor prognosis for patients with gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:4455-4461. [PMID: 30214580 PMCID: PMC6126187 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is an intractable disease with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Its treatment remains a major clinical challenge worldwide. Ephrin-B2 is upregulated and involved in tumor growth in various types of cancer. However, the association between ephrin-B2 and prognosis of gastric cancer, and the potential of ephrin-B2 as a therapeutic target remains unknown. The present study investigated ephrin-B2 as a prognostic factor and a therapeutic target for gastric cancer. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the protein expression level of ephrin-B2 in gastric cancer serum samples (n=162) and healthy serum samples (n=165). It was revealed that the protein expression level of ephrin-B2 was significantly upregulated in gastric cancer serum samples compared with the healthy samples. Ephrin-B2 protein expression was associated with tumor size (P<0.001), metastasis (P=0.02) and TNM stage (P=0.03), and was indicated to be an independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer. Furthermore, the Kaplan-Meier survival curve demonstrated that patients with high ephrin-B2 protein expression had shorter overall and progression-free survival rates than those with low ephrin-B2 protein expression. Ephrin-B2 protein expression was induced by small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection of HGC27 and MKN-45 cells, significantly impeding cell viability and inducing apoptosis of HGC27 and MKN-45 cells compared with the respective negative control (NC) group. Thus, to the best of our knowledge, the present study indicates that ephrin-B2 functions as an oncogene in gastric cancer, and that serum ephrin-B2 level may be a promising non-invasive prognostic indicator, as well as a therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Pin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Xia Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Jia Mou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Qian-Kun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Ping Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kadife E, Ware TMB, Luwor RB, Chan STF, Nurgali K, Senior PV. Effects of EphB4 receptor expression on colorectal cancer cells, tumor growth, vascularization and composition. Acta Oncol 2018; 57:1043-1056. [PMID: 29368976 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2018.1429650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Increased expression of the molecular target, EphB4 receptor, has been observed in several cancer types. However, studies on the role of EphB4 receptor in CRC have yielded contradictory results. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of EphB4 expression levels on CRC cell behavior and its contribution to tumor growth and vascularization. METHODS SW480, LIM2405 and CT26 CRC cell lines were transfected with EphB4 expression vector. High EphB4 expressing cells were compared to low EphB4 expressing empty vector controls. Proliferation and migration assays as well as EphrinB2-Fc cell stimulations were conducted in vitro and subcutaneous xenografts of CRC were analyzed in vivo. RESULTS High EphB4 expression enhanced migratory ability of these CRC cell lines in vitro and contributed to a significant increase in tumor growth and vascularization in vivo. Tumours induced with high EphB4 expressing SW480 and LIM2405 cells yielded homogenous masses densely packed with cancer cells. EphrinB2-Fc cell stimulations induced cell clustering of high EphB4 expressing SW480 and LIM2405 in vitro. CONCLUSION These results suggest that with enhanced vascularization and an increase in migratory abilities, the high EphB4 expressing cells may be able to metastasize more readily.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Kadife
- Centre for Chronic Diseases, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Rodney Brian Luwor
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Steven Tuck Foo Chan
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Centre for Chronic Diseases, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul Vincent Senior
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Protack CD, Foster TR, Hashimoto T, Yamamoto K, Lee MY, Kraehling JR, Bai H, Hu H, Isaji T, Santana JM, Wang M, Sessa WC, Dardik A. Eph-B4 regulates adaptive venous remodeling to improve arteriovenous fistula patency. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15386. [PMID: 29133876 PMCID: PMC5684317 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13071-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Low rates of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) maturation prevent optimal fistula use for hemodialysis; however, the mechanism of venous remodeling in the fistula environment is not well understood. We hypothesized that the embryonic venous determinant Eph-B4 mediates AVF maturation. In human AVF and a mouse aortocaval fistula model, Eph-B4 protein expression increased in the fistula vein; expression of the arterial determinant Ephrin-B2 also increased. Stimulation of Eph-B-mediated signaling with Ephrin-B2/Fc showed improved fistula patency with less wall thickness. Mutagenesis studies showed that tyrosine-774 is critical for Eph-B4 signaling and administration of inactive Eph-B4-Y774F increased fistula wall thickness. Akt1 expression also increased in AVF; Akt1 knockout mice showed reduced fistula diameter and wall thickness. In Akt1 knockout mice, stimulation of Eph-B signaling with Ephrin-B2/Fc showed no effect on remodeling. These results show that AVF maturation is associated with acquisition of dual arteriovenous identity; increased Eph-B activity improves AVF patency. Inhibition of Akt1 function abolishes Eph-B-mediated venous remodeling suggesting that Eph-B4 regulates AVF venous adaptation through an Akt1-mediated mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clinton D Protack
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Surgery, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Trenton R Foster
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Surgery, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Takuya Hashimoto
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Surgery, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Vascular Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kota Yamamoto
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Surgery, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Vascular Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Monica Y Lee
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jan R Kraehling
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hualong Bai
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Surgery, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Haidi Hu
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Surgery, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Toshihiko Isaji
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Vascular Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jeans M Santana
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mo Wang
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - William C Sessa
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alan Dardik
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Department of Surgery, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ma W, Zhu M, Yang L, Yang T, Zhang Y. Synergistic Effect of TPD7 and Berberine against Leukemia Jurkat Cell Growth through Regulating Ephrin-B2 Signaling. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1392-1399. [PMID: 28703366 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weina Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center; Xi'an Jiaotong University; No. 76, Yanta West Street, #54 Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Man Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center; Xi'an Jiaotong University; No. 76, Yanta West Street, #54 Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Liu Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center; Xi'an Jiaotong University; No. 76, Yanta West Street, #54 Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Tianfeng Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center; Xi'an Jiaotong University; No. 76, Yanta West Street, #54 Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center; Xi'an Jiaotong University; No. 76, Yanta West Street, #54 Xi'an Shaanxi China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li X, Song C, Huang G, Sun S, Qiao J, Zhao J, Zhao Z, Li M. The coexpression of EphB4 and EphrinB2 is associated with poor prognosis in HER2-positive breast cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:1735-1742. [PMID: 28356761 PMCID: PMC5367898 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s132806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective HER2 overexpression is associated with aggressive phenotypes in breast cancer, including increased tumor proliferation, greater invasiveness, and reduced overall survival. The overall response rate to HER2-targeted therapies remains <30%. There is an urgent need for the identification of efficient markers to predict patients with a poor prognosis. This study was designed to investigate the correlation between EphB4 and EphrinB2 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of HER2-positive breast cancer. Materials and methods A total of 111 primary HER2-positive breast cancer patients were enrolled in this study (diagnosed since December 2005 to November 2010 from the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University). The protein expression of EphB4 and EphrinB2 was examined by immunohistochemistry using paraffin-embedded tumor tissues. Results There was a significant correlation between EphB4 and EphrinB2 expression (P=0.013, r=0.255). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the prognosis of patients with a high expression of both EphB4 and EphrinB2 was significantly worse than the prognosis of patients with either EphB4 or EphrinB2 expression and patients with negative expression (hazard ratio [HR] =1.935, P=0.0224). However, high expression of EphB4 or EphrinB2 alone was not an independent prognostic factor to predict worse overall survival. To summarize, HER2-positive breast cancer patients with overexpression of both EphB4 and EphrinB2 were associated with the worst prognosis. Conclusion High expression of EphB4 and EphrinB2 correlated with poor overall survival, which can serve as an independent prognostic indicator in primary HER2-positive breast cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chen Song
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Gena Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Siwen Sun
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Qiao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinbo Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Man Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dong LD, Cheng XL, Zhou L, Huang Q, Li JC, Yi CJ. Overexpression of erythropoietin-producing hepatocyte receptor B4 and ephrin-B2 is associated with estrogen receptor expression in endometrial adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:2109-2114. [PMID: 28454369 PMCID: PMC5403707 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial adenocarcinoma (EC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed types of endometrial cancer and is typically a consequence of continuous estrogen receptor stimulation. Erythropoietin-producing hepatocyte receptor B4 (EphB4) and its ligand ephrin-B2 have been reported to be overexpressed in EC cells; however, the function in EC remains unclear. The present study aimed to elucidate the role of EphB4 and ephrin-B2 in EC. The protein expression pattern of EphB4 and ephrin-B2 was analyzed through immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis in endometrium with adenomyosis or simple endometrial hyperplasia, atypical endometrial hyperplasia, double-positive estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR) EC and double-negative ER/PR EC. The expression of EphB4 and ephrin-B2 was demonstrated to be increased in atypical EH and ER/PR-positive EC, but not ER/PR-negative EC. Furthermore, EphB4 and ephrin-B2 expression was positively associated with ER expression in EC tissue. The results of the present study suggest that the overexpression of EphB4 and ephrin-B2 in the endometrium serves a role in the pathogenesis of EC, in addition to being associated with ER expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Dan Dong
- Department of Central Laboratory of Basic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Lin Cheng
- Department of Central Laboratory of Basic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Long Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Qing Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Chuan Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Cun-Jian Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Stephenson SA, Douglas EL, Mertens-Walker I, Lisle JE, Maharaj MSN, Herington AC. Anti-tumour effects of antibodies targeting the extracellular cysteine-rich region of the receptor tyrosine kinase EphB4. Oncotarget 2016; 6:7554-69. [PMID: 25831049 PMCID: PMC4480699 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
EphB4 is a membrane-bound receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) commonly over-produced by many epithelial cancers but with low to no expression in most normal adult tissues. EphB4 over-production promotes ligand-independent signaling pathways that increase cancer cell viability and stimulate migration and invasion. Several studies have shown that normal ligand-dependent signaling is tumour suppressive and therefore novel therapeutics which block the tumour promoting ligand-independent signaling and/or stimulate tumour suppressive ligand-dependent signaling will find application in the treatment of cancer. An EphB4-specific polyclonal antibody, targeting a region of 200 amino acids in the extracellular portion of EphB4, showed potent in vitro anti-cancer effects measured by an increase in apoptosis and a decrease in anchorage independent growth. Peptide exclusion was used to identify the epitope targeted by this antibody within the cysteine-rich region of the EphB4 protein, a sequence defined as a potential ligand interacting interface. Addition of antibody to cancer cells resulted in phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of the EphB4 protein, suggesting a mechanism that is ligand mimetic and tumour suppressive. A monoclonal antibody which specifically targets this identified extracellular epitope of EphB4 significantly reduced breast cancer xenograft growth in vivo confirming that EphB4 is a useful target for ligand-mimicking antibody-based anti-cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sally-Anne Stephenson
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Evelyn L Douglas
- The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Inga Mertens-Walker
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jessica E Lisle
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mohanan S N Maharaj
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Adrian C Herington
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Ephrin receptors (Ephs) are frequently overexpressed in a wide variety of human malignant tumors, being associated with tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of EphB4 and EphB6 protein expression in human malignant and benign thyroid lesions. EphB4 and EphB6 protein expression was assessed immunohistochemically on paraffin-embedded thyroid tissues obtained from 127 patients with benign (n = 71) and malignant (n = 56) thyroid lesions. Enhanced EphB4 and EphB6 expression was more frequently observed in malignant compared to benign thyroid lesions (p = 0.0508 and p = 0.0006, respectively). EphB4 and EphB6 expression also provided a distinct discrimination between papillary carcinoma and hyperplastic nodules (p = 0.0302 and p = 0.0013, respectively). In malignant thyroid lesions, enhanced EphB4 expression was significantly associated with larger tumor size (p = 0.0366). Enhanced EphB6 expression was significantly associated with larger tumor size (p = 0.0366), the presence of lymph node metastases (p = 0.0023), the presence of capsular (p = 0.0038), lymphatic (p = 0.0053) and vascular invasion (p = 0.0018) and increased risk of recurrence rate (p = 0.0038). The present study supported evidence that EphB4 and mainly EphB6 may participate in the malignant thyroid transformation, reinforcing their utility as useful biomarkers and possible therapeutic targets in this type of neoplasia.
Collapse
|
15
|
Ferguson BD, Tretiakova MS, Lingen MW, Gill PS, Salgia R. Expression of the EPHB4 receptor tyrosine kinase in head and neck and renal malignancies--implications for solid tumors and potential for therapeutic inhibition. Growth Factors 2014; 32:202-6. [PMID: 25391996 PMCID: PMC4278660 DOI: 10.3109/08977194.2014.980904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Solid malignancies are often characterized by overexpression of various receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) against which many targeted therapies are currently in use and in active development. EPHB4 has recently emerged as a frequently overexpressed RTK in many types of cancer. Here, we demonstrate expression patterns of EPHB4 in two solid malignancies: squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC), by immunohistochemical analysis. We demonstrate the first association between EPHB4 expression and progression of HNSCC from normal tissue to dysplasia and to cancer. Interestingly, most RCC subtypes exhibited expression patterns that were opposite from that found in HNSCC, possibly owing to their unique biology and high degree of organ and tumor vasculature. Taken together, these results suggest a possible role for EPHB4 as a therapeutic target in these malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D. Ferguson
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Maria S. Tretiakova
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Mark W. Lingen
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Parkash S. Gill
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Corresponding author: , + 1 773-702-4399
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ferguson BD, Liu R, Rolle CE, Tan YHC, Krasnoperov V, Kanteti R, Tretiakova MS, Cervantes GM, Hasina R, Hseu RD, Iafrate AJ, Karrison T, Ferguson MK, Husain AN, Faoro L, Vokes EE, Gill PS, Salgia R. The EphB4 receptor tyrosine kinase promotes lung cancer growth: a potential novel therapeutic target. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67668. [PMID: 23844053 PMCID: PMC3699624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite progress in locoregional and systemic therapies, patient survival from lung cancer remains a challenge. Receptor tyrosine kinases are frequently implicated in lung cancer pathogenesis, and some tyrosine kinase inhibition strategies have been effective clinically. The EphB4 receptor tyrosine kinase has recently emerged as a potential target in several other cancers. We sought to systematically study the role of EphB4 in lung cancer. Here, we demonstrate that EphB4 is overexpressed 3-fold in lung tumors compared to paired normal tissues and frequently exhibits gene copy number increases in lung cancer. We also show that overexpression of EphB4 promotes cellular proliferation, colony formation, and motility, while EphB4 inhibition reduces cellular viability in vitro, halts the growth of established tumors in mouse xenograft models when used as a single-target strategy, and causes near-complete regression of established tumors when used in combination with paclitaxel. Taken together, these data suggest an important role for EphB4 as a potential novel therapeutic target in lung cancer. Clinical trials investigating the efficacy of anti-EphB4 therapies as well as combination therapy involving EphB4 inhibition may be warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D. Ferguson
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ren Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Cleo E. Rolle
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yi-Hung Carol Tan
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Valery Krasnoperov
- Vasgene Therapeutics, Inc., Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Rajani Kanteti
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Maria S. Tretiakova
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Gustavo M. Cervantes
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Rifat Hasina
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Robyn D. Hseu
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - A. John Iafrate
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Theodore Karrison
- Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Mark K. Ferguson
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Aliya N. Husain
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Leonardo Faoro
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Everett E. Vokes
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Parkash S. Gill
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Vasgene Therapeutics, Inc., Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Witting SR, Vallanda P, Gamble AL. Characterization of a third generation lentiviral vector pseudotyped with Nipah virus envelope proteins for endothelial cell transduction. Gene Ther 2013; 20:997-1005. [PMID: 23698741 PMCID: PMC3839624 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2013.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lentiviruses are becoming progressively more popular as gene therapy vectors due to their ability to integrate into quiescent cells and recent clinical trial successes. Directing these vectors to specific cell types and limiting off-target transduction in vivo remains a challenge. Replacing the viral envelope proteins responsible for cellular binding, or pseudotyping, remains a common method to improve lentiviral targeting. Here, we describe the development of a high titer, 3rd generation lentiviral vector pseudotyped with Nipah virus fusion protein (NiV-F) and attachment protein (NiV-G). Critical to high titers was truncation of the cytoplasmic domains of both NiV-F and NiV-G. As known targets of wild-type Nipah virus, primary endothelial cells are shown to be effectively transduced by the Nipah pseudotype. In contrast, human CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors were not significantly transduced. Additionally, the Nipah pseudotype has increased stability in human serum compared to VSV pseudotyped lentivirus. These findings suggest that the use of Nipah virus envelope proteins in 3rd generation lentiviral vectors would be a valuable tool for gene delivery targeted to endothelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S R Witting
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Eph receptors and their ligands: promising molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets in prostate cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2013; 1835:243-57. [PMID: 23396052 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Although at present, there is a high incidence of prostate cancer, particularly in the Western world, mortality from this disease is declining and occurs primarily only from clinically significant late stage tumors with a poor prognosis. A major current focus of this field is the identification of new biomarkers which can detect earlier, and more effectively, clinically significant tumors from those deemed "low risk", as well as predict the prognostic course of a particular cancer. This strategy can in turn offer novel avenues for targeted therapies. The large family of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases, the Ephs, and their binding partners, the ephrins, has been implicated in many cancers of epithelial origin through stimulation of oncogenic transformation, tumor angiogenesis, and promotion of increased cell survival, invasion and migration. They also show promise as both biomarkers of diagnostic and prognostic value and as targeted therapies in cancer. This review will briefly discuss the complex roles and biological mechanisms of action of these receptors and ligands and, with regard to prostate cancer, highlight their potential as biomarkers for both diagnosis and prognosis, their application as imaging agents, and current approaches to assessing them as therapeutic targets. This review demonstrates the need for future studies into those particular family members that will prove helpful in understanding the biology and potential as targets for treatment of prostate cancer.
Collapse
|
19
|
Zozulya SA, Udovichenko IP. [Eph family receptors as therapeutic targets]. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2012; 38:267-79. [PMID: 22997698 DOI: 10.1134/s106816201203017x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Anti-angiogenic therapy is currently a commonly accepted and rapidly developing approach in oncology and other pathologies linked to aberrant neovascularization. Discovery and validation of additional molecular targets in angiogenesis is needed due to the limitations of the existing clinical therapeutics inhibiting activity of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors. A brief review of normal and pathological biological functions of the Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases and their ephrin ligands is presented, and the approaches to developing therapeutics with anti- and pro-angiogenic and anti-tumor activity based on selective molecular modulation of Eph-ephrin signaling pairs are discussed. Functional roles of Eph-kinases and ephrins in such mechanisms of cancerogenesis as cell proliferation and invasion are also addressed.
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Cancer cells rely on intercellular communication throughout the different stages of their transformation and progression into metastasis. They do so by co-opting different processes such as cell-cell junctions, growth factors, receptors, and vesicular release. Initially characterized in neuronal and vascular tissues, Ephs and Ephrins, the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases, comprised of two classes (i.e., A and B types), is increasingly scrutinized by cancer researchers. These proteins possess the particular features of both the receptors and ligands being membrane-bound which, via mandatory direct cell-cell interactions, undergo a bidirectional signal transduction initiated from both the receptor and the ligand. Following cell-cell interactions, Ephs/Ephrins behave as guidance molecules which trigger both repulsive and attractive signals, so as to direct the movement of cells through their immediate microenvironment. They also direct processes which include sorting and positioning and cytoskeleton rearrangements, thus making them perfect candidates for the control of the metastatic process. In fact, the role of Ephs and Ephrins in cancer progression has been demonstrated for many of the family members and they, surprisingly, have both tumor promoter and suppressor functions in different cellular contexts. They are also able to coordinate between multiple processes including cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and invasion. This review is an attempt to summarize the data available on these Ephs/Ephrins' biological functions which contribute to the onset of aggressive cancers. I will also provide an overview of the factors which could explain the functional differences demonstrated by Ephs and Ephrins at different stages of tumor progression and whose elucidation is warranted for any future therapeutic targeting of this signaling pathway in cancer metastasis.
Collapse
|
21
|
Tu Y, He S, Fu J, Li G, Xu R, Lu H, Deng J. Expression of EphrinB2 and EphB4 in glioma tissues correlated to the progression of glioma and the prognosis of glioblastoma patients. Clin Transl Oncol 2012; 14:214-20. [PMID: 22374425 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-012-0786-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The ligand EphrinB2 and the corresponding receptor EphB4 are up-regulated and involved in tumour growth in various human cancers. However, little is known about how this receptor-ligand complex contributes to the progression of glioma. This prompted us to study the association between the expressions of EphrinB2 and EphB4, clinicopathological variables, and glioma patient outcome. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expression patterns of EphrinB2 and EphB4 in the biopsies from 96 patients with primary gliomas. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate the prognosis of patients. RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the expression of EphrinB2 was significantly correlated with that of EphB4 (r=0.86, p=0.002). EphrinB2 and EphB4 were significantly associated with the Karnofsky performance scale (KPS) score and World Health Organization grades of patients with gliomas, respectively. Especially, the positive expression rates of EphrinB2 and EphB4 were significantly higher in patients with higher grade (both p=0.001) and lower KPS score (p=0.002 and 0.003, respectively). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that EphrinB2 and EphB4 expressions were both independent prognostic factors for progress-free survival of glioblastoma patients (both p=0.02). CONCLUSION Our data indicated for the first time that EphrinB2 and EphB4 expressions increase according to the histopathological grade and KPS score of glioma, and their expression levels are related to the progression-free survival of glioblastoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyang Tu
- Department of Emergency, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Petrillo M, Scambia G, Ferrandina G. Novel targets for VEGF-independent anti-angiogenic drugs. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2012; 21:451-72. [PMID: 22339615 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2012.661715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the last decades, the active research in the field of tumor angiogenesis led to the development of a class of agents providing an effective inhibition of neovessels formation through the blockade of VEGF-related pathways. More recently, the identification of several non-VEGF factors such as PDGF, FGF, HGF, angiopoietins, ALK1/endoglin, endothelis and ephrins involved in tumor angiogenesis have emphasized the need to develop agents targeting multiple pro-angiogenic pathways. AREAS COVERED This review aimed at summarizing the role of non-VEGF molecular pathways in targeting tumor angiogenesis. Preclinical and clinical data for investigational agents against non-VEGF targets have been reviewed emphasizing the role of combined inhibition strategies. EXPERT OPINION Besides the successful development of drugs providing a specific VEGF blockade, novel agents targeting alternative angiogenesis-related pathways are being tested. Although it seems that the potential clinical usefulness of these novel compounds have been not yet fully investigated, sunitinib, sorafenib, pazopanib and other multikinase inhibitors have certainly displayed encouraging results. A more in-depth clarification of anti-angiogenic agents is still needed, in order to design the best clinical setting and schedule for target-based agents and possibly anticipate potential tools to overcome the emerging issue of anti-angiogenic drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Petrillo
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, Campobasso, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Brantley-Sieders DM. Clinical relevance of Ephs and ephrins in cancer: lessons from breast, colorectal, and lung cancer profiling. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2011; 23:102-8. [PMID: 22040912 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pre-clinical studies provide compelling evidence that members of the Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases and their ephrin ligands promote tumor growth, invasion and metastasis, and neovascularization. Tumor suppressive roles have also been reported for the receptors, and ligand-dependent versus ligand-independent signaling has emerged as one key mechanism underlying tumor suppressive function as opposed to oncogenic effects. Determining how these observations relate to clinical outcome is a crucial step for translating the biological and mechanistic data into new molecularly targeted therapies. Expression profiling in human patient samples bridges this gap and provides valuable clinical relevance to laboratory observations. In addition to analyses performed using privately assembled patient tumor samples, publically available microarray datasets and tissue microarrays linked to clinical data have emerged as tractable tools for addressing the clinical relevance of specific molecules and families of related molecules. This review summarizes the clinical relevance of specific Eph and ephrin molecules in human breast, colorectal, and lung cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana M Brantley-Sieders
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, A-4323 MCN, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232-2363, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Truitt L, Freywald A. Dancing with the dead: Eph receptors and their kinase-null partners. Biochem Cell Biol 2011; 89:115-29. [PMID: 21455264 DOI: 10.1139/o10-145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Eph receptor tyrosine kinases and their ligands, ephrins, are membrane proteins coordinating a wide range of biological functions both in developing embryos and in adult multicellular organisms. Numerous studies have implicated Eph receptors in the induction of opposing responses, including cell adhesion or repulsion, support or inhibition of cell proliferation and cell migration, and progression or suppression of multiple malignancies. Similar to other receptor tyrosine kinases, Eph receptors rely on their ability to catalyze tyrosine phosphorylation for signal transduction. Interestingly, however, Eph receptors also actively utilize three kinase-deficient receptor tyrosine kinases, EphB6, EphA10, and Ryk, in their signaling network. The accumulating evidence suggests that the unusual flexibility of the Eph family, allowing it to initiate antagonistic responses, might be partially explained by the influence of the kinase-dead participants and that the exact outcome of an Eph-mediated action is likely to be defined by the balance between the signaling of catalytically potent and catalytically null receptors. We discuss in this minireview the emerging functions of the kinase-dead EphB6, EphA10, and Ryk receptors both in normal biological responses and in malignancy, and analyze currently available information related to the molecular mechanisms of their action in the context of the Eph family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke Truitt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Sasketchewan, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
McCarron JK, Stringer BW, Day BW, Boyd AW. Ephrin expression and function in cancer. Future Oncol 2010; 6:165-76. [PMID: 20021216 DOI: 10.2217/fon.09.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ephrins are cell membrane-associated signaling proteins bound by transmembrane Eph receptors on juxtaposed cells. Eph-ephrin interactions result in bidirectional signaling within both receptor- and ligand-bearing cells, with diverse consequences for cell morphology and behavior. Such interactions are especially important during early vertebrate development, and growing evidence has revealed equally important roles in adult-tissue homeostasis. As for the Eph receptors, abnormal expression of ephrins is associated with disease, especially cancer. The ephrins have received less attention than the Ephs in the literature, owing, in part, to their later discovery and that they are fewer in number. Here, we attempt to redress this imbalance and provide an 'ephrin-centric' discussion of the expression and function of ephrins in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K McCarron
- Leukaemia Foundation Research Unit, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Royal Brisbane Hospital, Queensland, 4029, Brisbane, Australia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|