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Kralj J, Pernar Kovač M, Dabelić S, Polančec DS, Wachtmeister T, Köhrer K, Brozovic A. Transcriptome analysis of newly established carboplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell model reveals genes shared by drug resistance and drug-induced EMT. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:1344-1359. [PMID: 36717670 PMCID: PMC10050213 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02140-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In ovarian cancer (OC) therapy, even initially responsive patients develop drug resistance. METHODS Here, we present an OC cell model composed of variants with differing degrees of acquired resistance to carboplatin (CBP), cross-resistance to paclitaxel, and CBP-induced metastatic properties (migration and invasion). Transcriptome data were analysed by two approaches identifying differentially expressed genes and CBP sensitivity-correlating genes. The impact of selected genes and signalling pathways on drug resistance and metastatic potential, along with their clinical relevance, was examined by in vitro and in silico approaches. RESULTS TMEM200A and PRKAR1B were recognised as potentially involved in both phenomena, also having high predictive and prognostic values for OC patients. CBP-resistant MES-OV CBP8 cells were more sensitive to PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors Rapamycin, Wortmannin, SB216763, and transcription inhibitor Triptolide compared with parental MES-OV cells. When combined with CBP, Rapamycin decreased the sensitivity of parental cells while Triptolide sensitised drug-resistant cells to CBP. Four PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors reduced migration in both cell lines. CONCLUSIONS A newly established research model and two distinct transcriptome analysis approaches identified novel candidate genes enrolled in CBP resistance development and/or CBP-induced EMT and implied that one-gene targeting could be a better approach than signalling pathway inhibition for influencing both phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juran Kralj
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Margareta Pernar Kovač
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Dabelić
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Thorsten Wachtmeister
- Genomics and Transcriptomics Laboratory at the Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Köhrer
- Genomics and Transcriptomics Laboratory at the Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anamaria Brozovic
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Wu T, Yao Y, Sun R, Wang H, Zhang J, Yin X, Zhou Q, Huangfu C. Arterial instillation of rapamycin in treatment of rabbit hepatic xenograft tumors and its effects on VEGF, iNOS, HIF-1α, Bcl-2, Bax expression and microvessel density. Sci Prog 2021; 104:368504211026417. [PMID: 34392719 PMCID: PMC10364938 DOI: 10.1177/00368504211026417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the leading causes of malignant tumor related death word wide with poor prognosis. Chemotherapy and TACE are main treatment methods for advanced stage cases. Rapamycin, a macrolide compound that initially used to coat coronary stents, can inhibit the growth of a variety of cancer cells especially hepatocellular carcinoma. Twenty-four healthy adult New Zealand white rabbits underwent CT-guided puncture to prepare a model of VX2 liver xenograft tumor. The rabbits were randomly divided into four groups with six in each group and received the following treatments: APR-TACE1: arterial perfusion of high-dose rapamycin combined with TACE; APR-TACE2: arterial perfusion of low-dose rapamycin combined with TACE; TACE: TACE alone; and IVR-TACE: intravenous injection of rapamycin combined with TACE. Two weeks after TACE treatment, the rabbits received CT scan and DSA angiography examination, and then killed by air embolism. The non-necrotic region and surrounding tissues were obtained from the peripheral tumor for iNOS, HIF-1α, VEGF, Bcl-2, and Bax protein expression analysis. Protein expression of iNOS, HIF-1α, VEGF, and Bcl-2 in APR-TACE1 were significantly lower than those in groups APR-TACE2, TACE, and IVR-TACE (p < 0.05). iNOS, HIF-1α, and VEGF in APR-TACE2 were lower than those in TACE (p < 0.05). iNOS and VEGF in APR-TACE2 were significantly lower than those in IVR-TACE (p < 0.05). iNOS in IVR-TACE was significantly lower than that in TACE (p < 0.05). The expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax were statistically significant between APR-TACE2 and TACE (p < 0.05). The MVD of the tumor tissue in APR-TACE1 was lower than that of groups APR-TACE2, TACE, IVR-TACE with statistical difference (p < 0.05). However, MVD of APR-TACE2 was lower than that of groups TACE, IVR-TACE with significant statistical difference (p < 0.05). Arterial instillation of rapamycin+TACE in treatment of rabbit hepatic xenograft tumors can reduce tumor neovascularization and inhibit iNOS, HIF-1α, VEGF, Bcl-2, and Bax protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- Department of Radiology Intervention, The First affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TMC), Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
- Department of Radiology Intervention, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Yihui Yao
- Department of Radiology Intervention, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Ruimin Sun
- Department of Radiology Intervention, The First affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TMC), Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Huili Wang
- Department of Radiology Intervention, The First affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TMC), Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Junna Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiang Yin
- Department of Radiology Intervention, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Radiology Intervention, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Chaoshen Huangfu
- College of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P.R. China
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Dey N, Aske J, Lin X, Sun Y, Leyland-Jones B, Friedman L, De P. A tipping-point for apoptosis following dual inhibition of HER2 signaling network by T-DM1 plus GDC-0980 maximizes anti-tumor efficacy. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:2867-2892. [PMID: 34249433 PMCID: PMC8263639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
HER2 signaling network and its complex relationship with the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway explain the acquired resistance to anti-HER2 therapy observed in clinics. Such complexity has been clinically evident from the limited efficacy of data in the BOLERO-1 and BOLERO-3 trials, which tested combinations of trastuzumab (T), everolimus, and chemotherapy in women with HER2+ advanced BC. In the following MARIANNE trial also, a combination of T-DM1 plus pertuzumab delivered a non-inferior but yet not superior PFS compared to trastuzumab plus a taxane. Algorithmic inhibition of PI3K/mTOR along with T or T-DM1 is, therefore, an attractive drug combination, and we tested the combination(s) in HER2+ BC, especially in T-resistant and PIK3CA mutated conditions. GDC-0980, a dual pan-PI3K/mTOR inhibitor alone or in combination with T or T-DM1, was examined in a panel of HER2+ T-sensitive (BT474, SKBR3), HER2+ T-resistant (BT474HerR), HER2+/PIK3CA mutant (HCC1954, MDA-MB453), and HER2+/PTEN mutant (HCC1569) BC cell lines. GDC-0980 re-sensitized trastuzumab-resistant, PIK3CA mutant, or PTEN mutant cells to T and acted additively with T. Importantly, this activity was more when GDC-0980 is combined with T-DM1. The combination (with T or with T-DM1) was then tested in the HER2+/T-sensitive, HER2+/T-resistant, and HER2+/PIK3CA mutated BC xenograft models for the anti-tumor effect. Along with its anti-tumor effect, GDC-0980 effectively decreased tumor angiogenesis (CD31 staining). Maximum anti-tumor (from tumor growth inhibition to tumor regression) efficiency was observed in all three xenograft models when T-DM1 was combined with GDC-0980. The anti-proliferative effects of GDC-0980 as evidenced by a decreased p-AKT (Ser473, The308), p-P70S6K, p-S6RP, and p-4EBP1, along with blockade of clonogenic 3D growth was accompanied by the initiation of apoptotic activity (annexin V, CASPASE3, cleaved PARP1 and mitochondrial depolarization); and was significantly superior when GDC-0980 combined with T-DM1. Interestingly, both trastuzumab and T-DM1 induce PD-L1 expression in HER2 amplified BC cells. Our data provide evidence that an oncogenic mutation of PIK3CA and HER2-amplification may represent biomarkers to identify patients who may benefit most from the use of GDC-0980 and an opportunity to include immunotherapy in the combination of anti-HER2 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Dey
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Avera Cancer InstituteSioux Falls, SD, USA
- Departmental of Internal Medicine, University of South DakotaSioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Jennifer Aske
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Avera Cancer InstituteSioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Xiaoqian Lin
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Avera Cancer InstituteSioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Yuliang Sun
- Cancer Genomics, Avera Cancer InstituteSioux Falls, SD, USA
| | | | | | - Pradip De
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Avera Cancer InstituteSioux Falls, SD, USA
- Departmental of Internal Medicine, University of South DakotaSioux Falls, SD, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Though accounts for 2.5% of all cancers in female, the death rate of ovarian cancer is high, which is the fifth leading cause of cancer death (5% of all cancer death) in female. The 5-year survival rate of ovarian cancer is less than 50%. The oncogenic molecular signaling of ovarian cancer are complicated and remain unclear, and there is a lack of effective targeted therapies for ovarian cancer treatment. METHODS In this study, we propose to investigate activated signaling pathways of individual ovarian cancer patients and sub-groups; and identify potential targets and drugs that are able to disrupt the activated signaling pathways. Specifically, we first identify the up-regulated genes of individual cancer patients using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), and then identify the potential activated transcription factors. After dividing ovarian cancer patients into several sub-groups sharing common transcription factors using K-modes method, we uncover the up-stream signaling pathways of activated transcription factors in each sub-group. Finally, we mapped all FDA approved drugs targeting on the upstream signaling. RESULTS The 427 ovarian cancer samples were divided into 3 sub-groups (with 100, 172, 155 samples respectively) based on the activated TFs (with 14, 25, 26 activated TFs respectively). Multiple up-stream signaling pathways, e.g., MYC, WNT, PDGFRA (RTK), PI3K, AKT TP53, and MTOR, are uncovered to activate the discovered TFs. In addition, 66 FDA approved drugs were identified targeting on the uncovered core signaling pathways. Forty-four drugs had been reported in ovarian cancer related reports. The signaling diversity and heterogeneity can be potential therapeutic targets for drug combination discovery. CONCLUSIONS The proposed integrative network analysis could uncover potential core signaling pathways, targets and drugs for ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhang
- Institute for Informatics (I2), Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Fuhai Li
- Institute for Informatics (I2), Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
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Bae H, Lee JY, Yang C, Song G, Lim W. Fucoidan Derived from Fucus vesiculosus Inhibits the Development of Human Ovarian Cancer via the Disturbance of Calcium Homeostasis, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, and Angiogenesis. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E45. [PMID: 31936539 PMCID: PMC7024155 DOI: 10.3390/md18010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine organisms are sources of several natural compounds with potential clinical use. However, only a few marine-based pharmaceuticals have been approved for use due to limited knowledge on their biological activities. Here, we identified the functional role of fucoidan extracted from Fucus vesiculosus on ovarian cancer. Fucoidan increased the death of ES-2 and OV-90 cells, through a reduction in proliferation, cell cycle arrest, releases of cytochrome c, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Additionally, fucoidan increased the concentration of cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium in both cells. The decrease of cell proliferation was controlled by the inactivation of PI3K and MAPK signaling cascades in ES-2 and OV-90 cells. In a toxicity assay with normal zebrafish larvae, fucoidan did not induce toxicity, cardiotoxicity, development, kinesis, and apoptosis at different concentrations. However, it disrupted tumor formation and vascular development in a zebrafish xenograft model and angiogenesis transgenic (Tg, fli1-eGFP) model, respectively. Collectively, the results indicate that fucoidan may be a novel pharmaceutical for the management of human ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyocheol Bae
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (H.B.); (C.Y.)
| | - Jin-Young Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
| | - Changwon Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (H.B.); (C.Y.)
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (H.B.); (C.Y.)
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Science and Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
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Ho CM, Lee FK, Huang SH, Cheng WF. Everolimus following 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine is a promising therapy in paclitaxel-resistant clear cell carcinoma of the ovary. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:56-69. [PMID: 29416920 PMCID: PMC5794721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study showed that 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) could inhibit tumor growth by enhancing the susceptibility of ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) to paclitaxel through decreasing AKT/mTOR expressions. The objective of the study is to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of everolimus (RAD001) and 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) by targeting AKT/mTOR and EZH2 in OCCC. Paclitaxel-sensitive and resistant OCCC cell lines were established. In vitro proliferative and apoptotic assays and flow cytometry were performed. The expressions of EZH2, PIK3IP1, phospho-AKT, phospho-mTOR and phospho-Rictor in the OCCC cell lines were evaluated by Western blotting. In vivo animal experiments with RAD001 and 5-aza-dC were performed. RAD001 alone showed significant in vitro antitumor activity and inhibited in vivo tumor growth in paclitaxel-sensitive and resistant OCCC cells. In addition, 5-aza-dC enhanced the antitumor effects when combined with paclitaxel or RAD001 in both paclitaxel-sensitive and resistant tumors. Activation of phospho-AKT ser473 and PIK3IP1 was observed in RAD001-treated paclitaxel-sensitive and resistant OCCC cells. In contrast, inhibition of phospho-AKT ser473 and EZH2 was observed with RAD001 following 5-aza-dC treatment of paclitaxel-sensitive and resistant OCCC cells. Furthermore, RAD001 following 5-aza-dC enhanced apoptosis of paclitaxel-sensitive and resistant OCCC cells. RAD001 following 5-aza-dC may be a promising treatment strategy for the treatment of both chemo-sensitive and resistant OCCC. Further clinical studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ming Ho
- Gynecologic Cancer Center, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTaipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic UniversityHsinchuang, New Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Fa-Kung Lee
- Gynecologic Cancer Center, Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTaipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic UniversityHsinchuang, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hung Huang
- Department of Pathology, Cathay General HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Fang Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
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7
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Liu AL, Liao HQ, Li ZL, Liu J, Zhou CL, Guo ZF, Xie HY, Peng CY. New Insights into mTOR Signal Pathways in Ovarian-Related Diseases: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Ovarian Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:5087-5094. [PMID: 28122439 PMCID: PMC5454641 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2016.17.12.5087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
mTOR, the mammalian target of rapamycin, is a conserved serine/threonine kinase which belongs to the phosphatidyl-linositol kinase-related kinase (PIKK) family. It has two complexes called mTORC1 and mTORC2. It is well established that mTOR plays important roles in cell growth, proliferation and differentiation. Over-activation of the mTOR pathway is considered to have a relationship with the development of many types of diseases, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and ovarian cancer (OC). mTOR pathway inhibitors, such as rapamycin and its derivatives, can directly or indirectly treat or relieve the symptoms of patients suffering from PCOS or OC. Moreover, mTOR inhibitors in combination with other chemical-molecular agents may have extraordinary efficacy. This paper will discuss links between mTOR signaling and PCOS and OC, and explore the mechanisms of mTOR inhibitors in treating these two diseases, with conclusions regarding the most effective therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Ling Liu
- Institute of Biological Science, The Key Laboratory of Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration of Hengyang City, School of Pharmaceutical and Biological Science, University of South China, Heng yang 421001, Hunan Province, China.
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8
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Wang J, Zhou JY, Kho D, Reiners JJ, Wu GS. Role for DUSP1 (dual-specificity protein phosphatase 1) in the regulation of autophagy. Autophagy 2016; 12:1791-1803. [PMID: 27459239 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1203483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) regulate macroautophagy/autophagy. However, the involvement of dual-specificity protein phosphatases (DUSPs), endogenous inhibitors for MAPKs, in autophagy remains to be determined. Here we report that DUSP1/MKP-1, the founding member of the DUSP family, plays a critical role in regulating autophagy. Specifically, we demonstrate that DUSP1 knockdown by shRNA in human ovarian cancer CAOV3 cells and knockout in murine embryonic fibroblasts, increases both basal and rapamycin-increased autophagic flux. Overexpression of DUSP1 had the opposite effect. Importantly, knockout of Dusp1 promoted phosphorylation of ULK1 at Ser555, and BECN1/Beclin 1 at Ser15, and the association of PIK3C3/VPS34, ATG14, BECN1 and MAPK, leading to the activation of the autophagosome-initiating class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PtdIns3K) complex. Furthermore, knockdown and pharmacological inhibitor studies indicated that DUSP1-mediated suppression of autophagy reflected inactivation of the MAPK1-MAPK3 members of the MAPK family. Knockdown of DUSP1 sensitized CAOV3 cells to rapamycin-induced antigrowth activity. Moreover, CAOV3-CR cells, a line that had acquired cisplatin resistance, exhibited an elevated DUSP1 level and were refractory to rapamycin-induced autophagy and cytostatic effects. Knockdown of DUSP1 in CAOV3-CR cells restored sensitivity to rapamycin. Collectively, this work identifies a previously unrecognized role for DUSP1 in regulating autophagy and suggests that suppression of DUSP1 may enhance the therapeutic activity of rapamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- a Molecular Therapeutics Program , Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA.,b Departments of Oncology and Pathology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Jun-Ying Zhou
- a Molecular Therapeutics Program , Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA.,b Departments of Oncology and Pathology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Dhonghyo Kho
- a Molecular Therapeutics Program , Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA.,b Departments of Oncology and Pathology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - John J Reiners
- a Molecular Therapeutics Program , Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA.,c Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Gen Sheng Wu
- a Molecular Therapeutics Program , Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA.,b Departments of Oncology and Pathology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA
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Dey N, Sun Y, Carlson JH, Wu H, Lin X, Leyland-Jones B, De P. Anti-tumor efficacy of BEZ235 is complemented by its anti-angiogenic effects via downregulation of PI3K-mTOR-HIF1alpha signaling in HER2-defined breast cancers. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:714-746. [PMID: 27186427 PMCID: PMC4859880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the PI3K-mTOR pathway via HER2: HER3-mediated signaling in HER2+ breast cancers pose one of the major threats towards the success of trastuzumab. First, trastuzumab cannot perturb survival/proliferative signals following HER2: HER3 heterodimerization in HER2+ tumor cells. Second, trastuzumab treatment has been reported to cause drug-mediated resistance in over 50% of HER2+ breast cancers. We have reported that treatment with an anti-angiogenic drug imparted a significant anti-tumor advantage when combined with trastuzumab plus pertuzumab in the trastuzumab-resistant model of HER2+ breast cancers (PMID: 23959459). The very fact as revealed by our study that an inclusion of anti-angiogenic drug conferred a significant anti-tumor advantage when combined with dual anti-HER2 therapy clearly indicated a critical and indispensable role of angiogenesis in these tumors. Hence, we hypothesized that BEZ235 a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor will have an effect on the tumor as well as the angiogenic stromal compartments. In vitro and in vivo efficacy of BEZ235 was determined in HER2+ trastuzumab-sensitive, trastuzumab-resistant and HER2 amplified/PIK3CA mutated cell lines. BEZ235 alone and in combination with trastuzumab was tested on the tumor as well as stromal compartments. AKT-mTOR signal was suppressed following BEZ235 treatment in a concentration and time-dependent manner. AnnexinV, cl-CASPASE3, SURVIVIN and p-FOXO1 indicated that BEZ235-induced cell death occurred predominantly via an apoptotic pathway. Heregulin-induced HIF1α synthesis was also significantly decreased. Oncoprint data (cBioPortal) representing PAM50 Her2 enriched tumors (TCGA, Nature 2012) and Her2-positive breast tumors (TCGA, cell 2015) showed 91.4% genetic alterations and 79.2% genetic alterations in a set of four genes comprised of PIK3CA, ERBB2, VEGFA and HIF1alpha. The co-occurrence of HIF1alpha with VEGFA in PAM50 Her2 enriched tumors (TCGA, Nature 2012) and the co-occurrence of HIF1alpha with VEGFA pair as well as HIF1alpha with PIK3CA pair in Her2-positive breast tumors (TCGA, cell 2015) were found statistically significant. In xenograft models, BEZ235 blocked tumor growth and decreased Ki67, CD31, p-AKT, p-S6RP, p-4EBP1 IHC-expressions. These decreases were more pronounced when BEZ235 was combined with trastuzumab in HER2+/trastuzumab-sensitive, trastuzumab-resistant and HER2+/PIK3CA mutated models. We demonstrated that combined targeting of HER2 and the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway is superior to HER2-directed therapy alone. Mechanistically the inhibition of tumor-induced angiogenesis by BEZ235 caused by the down-regulation of PI3K-mTOR-HIF1alpha signaling irrespective of the trastuzumab-sensitivity status of HER2+ breast cancers proving evidence for the first time that the inhibition of angiogenesis is an important component of the anti-tumor efficacy of BEZ235 in HER2 defined breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Dey
- Genomic Oncology, Avera Cancer InstituteSioux Falls, SD
- Departmental of Internal Medicine, University of South DakotaSioux Falls, SD
| | - Yuliang Sun
- Genomic Oncology, Avera Cancer InstituteSioux Falls, SD
| | | | - Hui Wu
- Emory school of Medicine, Emory UniversityAtlanta, GA
| | - Xiaoqian Lin
- Genomic Oncology, Avera Cancer InstituteSioux Falls, SD
| | - Brian Leyland-Jones
- Genomic Oncology, Avera Cancer InstituteSioux Falls, SD
- Departmental of Internal Medicine, University of South DakotaSioux Falls, SD
| | - Pradip De
- Genomic Oncology, Avera Cancer InstituteSioux Falls, SD
- Departmental of Internal Medicine, University of South DakotaSioux Falls, SD
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Deregulation of EGFR/PI3K and activation of PTEN by photodynamic therapy combined with carboplatin in human anaplastic thyroid cancer cells and xenograft tumors in nude mice. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 148:118-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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11
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Niu PG, Zhang YX, Shi DH, Liu Y, Chen YY, Deng J. Cardamonin Inhibits Metastasis of Lewis Lung Carcinoma Cells by Decreasing mTOR Activity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127778. [PMID: 25996501 PMCID: PMC4440626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulates the motility and invasion of cancer cells. Cardamonin is a chalcone that exhibits anti-tumor activity. The previous study had proved that the anti-tumor effect of cardamonin was associated with mTOR inhibition. In the present study, the anti-metastatic effect of cardamonin and its underlying molecule mechanisms were investigated on the highly metastatic Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells. The proliferation, invasion and migration of LLC cells were measured by MTT, transwell and wound healing assays, respectively. The expression and activation of mTOR- and adhesion-related proteins were assessed by Western blotting. The in vivo effect of cardamonin on the metastasis of the LLC cells was investigated by a mouse model. Treated with cardamonin, the proliferation, invasion and migration of LLC cells were significantly inhibited. The expression of Snail was decreased by cardamonin, while that of E-cadherin was increased. In addition, cardamonin inhibited the activation of mTOR and its downstream target ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1). Furthermore, the tumor growth and its lung metastasis were inhibited by cardamonin in C57BL/6 mice. It indicated that cardamonin inhibited the invasion and metastasis of LLC cells through inhibiting mTOR. The metastasis inhibitory effect of cardamonin was correlated with down-regulation of Snail and up-regulation of E-cadherin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Guang Niu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dao-Hua Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yao-Yao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jie Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Moawad EY. Identifying and Predicting the Effectiveness of Carboplatin In Vivo and In Vitro and Evaluating its Combination with Paclitaxel. INDIAN JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40944-015-0001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Mabuchi S, Sasano T, Kawano M, Kuroda H, Kimura T. Targeting mTOR Signaling in Ovarian Cancer. CURRENT OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13669-014-0102-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Sobhani H, Tarighi P, Ostad SN, Shafaati A, Nafissi-Varcheh N, Aboofazeli R. Formulation Development and Toxicity Assessment of Triacetin Mediated Nanoemulsions as Novel Delivery Systems for Rapamycin. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2015; 14:3-21. [PMID: 26185501 PMCID: PMC4499422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to design and develop nanoemulsions (NEs) as novel delivery systems for rapamycin. Phase behavior of quaternary systems composed of Traicetin (as oil), various surfactants and co-surfactants and water at different surfactant/co-surfactant weight ratios was investigated by the construction of phase diagrams. Formulations were taken from the o/w NE region of the phase diagrams, depending upon the extent of NE domain. The spontaneous emulsification method was used to prepare various formulations containing 1 mg/mL of the drug. The NEs were characterized and subjected to stability tests at various temperatures over 9-12 months. Cumulative drug release from the selected formulations was determined for a period of 48 h using a dialysis sac. The assay of rapamycin was carried out using an HPLC technique. The effect of NEs on the viability of SKBR-3 cells was evaluated by MTT assay. The integrity of Caco-2 cell monolayers was measured by Transepithelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) and the transport of rapamycin-loaded NEs across Caco-2 cell monolayers was then assessed. The uptake of NEs by SKBR-3 cells was also investigated using florescence microscopy. Maximum drug release was observed in case of 4 formulations prepared with Tween 80 and Tween 20. MTT test results revealed different toxicity of NEs for SKBR-3 cell line and TEER demonstrated that formulations containing Tween 20 caused a more considerable decrease in cell integrity in comparison with those prepared with Tween 80. The results obtained from cellular uptake experiments were in consistent with those obtained from TEER and cytotoxicity experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Sobhani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parastoo Tarighi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Nasser Ostad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Shafaati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nastaran Nafissi-Varcheh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Aboofazeli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Kirstein MM, Boukouris AE, Pothiraju D, Buitrago-Molina LE, Marhenke S, Schütt J, Orlik J, Kühnel F, Hegermann J, Manns MP, Vogel A. Activity of the mTOR inhibitor RAD001, the dual mTOR and PI3-kinase inhibitor BEZ235 and the PI3-kinase inhibitor BKM120 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int 2013; 33:780-93. [PMID: 23489999 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most deadly cancers worldwide with only few therapeutic options for patients with advanced disease. There is growing evidence indicating that activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway plays an important role in HCC and therefore represents a promising target for novel therapeutic approaches. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the antitumour activity of the mTOR inhibitor RAD001, the dual mTOR and PI3-kinase inhibitor BEZ235 and the PI3-kinase inhibitor BKM120 in vitro and in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The antitumour effects of RAD001, BEZ235 and BKM120 were analysed in seven hepatoma cell lines as mono and combination therapy with Doxorubicin, Cisplatin, Irinotecan or 5-Flourouracil in vitro and in xenografts. Cell-cycle progression, apoptosis, and autophagy were analysed. Furthermore, effects on mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis were assessed. RESULTS Treatment with RAD001, BEZ235 and BKM120 markedly reduced tumour cell viability. Combination of PI3K inhibitors with chemotherapy was most effective. RAD001, BEZ235 and BKM120 reduced tumour growth mainly by inhibiting cell-cycle progression rather than by inducing apoptosis. Interestingly, the antitumour effects were strongly associated with a reduction of mitochondrial respiration. BKM120, which exhibited the strongest antiproliferative effect, most strongly impaired oxidative phosphorylation compared with the other drugs. CONCLUSIONS In this study, BKM120 showed the strongest antitumour activity. Our findings suggest impairment of mitochondrial function as a relevant mechanism of BKM120. Moreover, combination of PI3K and mTOR inhibitors with cytotoxic agents could be promising option for non-cirrhotic HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha M Kirstein
- Department of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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LY294002 and metformin cooperatively enhance the inhibition of growth and the induction of apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2012; 22:15-22. [PMID: 22080879 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0b013e3182322834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)/v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is frequently aberrantly activated in ovarian cancer and confers the chemoresistant phenotype of ovarian cancer cells. LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) and metformin (5'-adenosine monophosphate [AMP]-activated protein kinase [AMPK] activator) are 2 drugs that were known to inhibit mTOR expression through the AKT-dependent and AKT-independent pathways, respectively. In this study, we explored the effectiveness of LY294002 and metformin in combination on inhibition of ovarian cancer cell growth. METHODS Western blotting was used to detect the changes of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and AMPK/acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) signaling activities, cell cycle control, and apoptosis. Cell growth was evaluated by cell proliferation, colony formation, and soft agar assays. Flow cytometry was used to study cell cycle distribution and cell death upon drug treatment. RESULTS Our study showed that LY294002 and metformin in combination could simultaneously enhance the repression of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and the activation of the AMPK/ACC pathway. The downstream target of AKT and AMPK, mTOR, was cooperatively repressed when the drugs were used together. The cell cycle regulatory factors, p53, p27, and p21, were up-regulated. On the other hand, caspase 3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase activities involved in apoptosis were also activated. Cell growth assays indicated that LY294002 and metformin could effectively inhibit ovarian cancer cell growth. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the treatment of the 2 drugs mentioned above induced cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and increased sub-G1 apoptotic cells. CONCLUSION The combinational use of LY294002 and metformin can enhance inhibition of the growth and induction of the apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells. Our results may provide significant insight into the future therapeutic regimens in ovarian cancer.
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Mazzoletti M, Bortolin F, Brunelli L, Pastorelli R, Di Giandomenico S, Erba E, Ubezio P, Broggini M. Combination of PI3K/mTOR Inhibitors: Antitumor Activity and Molecular Correlates. Cancer Res 2011; 71:4573-84. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-4322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Insulin and glucagon regulate pancreatic α-cell proliferation. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16096. [PMID: 21283589 PMCID: PMC3026810 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) results from insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction, in the setting of hyperglucagonemia. Glucagon is a 29 amino acid peptide hormone, which is secreted from pancreatic α cells: excessively high circulating levels of glucagon lead to excessive hepatic glucose output. We investigated if α-cell numbers increase in T2DM and what factor (s) regulate α-cell turnover. Leprdb/Leprdb (db/db) mice were used as a T2DM model and αTC1 cells were used to study potential α-cell trophic factors. Here, we demonstrate that in db/db mice α-cell number and plasma glucagon levels increased as diabetes progressed. Insulin treatment (EC50 = 2 nM) of α cells significantly increased α-cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner compared to non-insulin-treated α cells. Insulin up-regulated α-cell proliferation through the IR/IRS2/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, and increased insulin-mediated proliferation was prevented by pretreatment with rapamycin, a specific mTOR inhibitor. GcgR antagonism resulted in reduced rates of cell proliferation in αTC1 cells. In addition, blockade of GcgRs in db/db mice improved glucose homeostasis, lessened α-cell proliferation, and increased intra-islet insulin content in β cells in db/db mice. These studies illustrate that pancreatic α-cell proliferation increases as diabetes develops, resulting in elevated plasma glucagon levels, and both insulin and glucagon are trophic factors to α-cells. Our current findings suggest that new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of T2DM may include targeting α cells and glucagon.
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