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Christine PJ, Goldman AL, Morgan JR, Yan S, Chatterjee A, Bettano AL, Binswanger IA, LaRochelle MR. Insurance Instability for Patients With Opioid Use Disorder in the Year After Diagnosis. JAMA HEALTH FORUM 2024; 5:e242014. [PMID: 39058507 PMCID: PMC11282441 DOI: 10.1001/jamahealthforum.2024.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Transitions in insurance coverage may be associated with worse health care outcomes. Little is known about insurance stability for individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD). Objective To examine insurance transitions among adults with newly diagnosed OUD in the 12 months after diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants Longitudinal cohort study using data from the Massachusetts Public Health Data Warehouse. The cohort includes adults aged 18 to 63 years diagnosed with incident OUD between July 1, 2014, and December 31, 2014, who were enrolled in commercial insurance or Medicaid at diagnosis; individuals diagnosed after 2014 were excluded from the main analyses due to changes in the reporting of insurance claims. Data were analyzed from November 10, 2022, to May 6, 2024. Exposure Insurance type at time of diagnosis (commercial and Medicaid). Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the cumulative incidence of insurance transitions in the 12 months after diagnosis. Logistic regression models were used to generate estimated probabilities of insurance transitions by insurance type and diagnosis for several characteristics including age, race and ethnicity, and whether an individual started medication for OUD (MOUD) within 30 days after diagnosis. Results There were 20 768 individuals with newly diagnosed OUD between July 1, 2014, and December 31, 2014. Most individuals with newly diagnosed OUD were covered by Medicaid (75.4%). Those with newly diagnosed OUD were primarily male (67% in commercial insurance, 61.8% in Medicaid). In the 12 months following OUD diagnosis, 30.4% of individuals experienced an insurance transition, with adjusted models demonstrating higher transition rates among those starting with Medicaid (31.3%; 95% CI, 30.5%-32.0%) compared with commercial insurance (27.9%; 95% CI, 26.6%-29.1%). The probability of insurance transitions was generally higher for younger individuals than older individuals irrespective of insurance type, although there were notable differences by race and ethnicity. Conclusions and Relevance This study found that nearly 1 in 3 individuals experience insurance transitions in the 12 months after OUD diagnosis. Insurance transitions may represent an important yet underrecognized factor in OUD treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Christine
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado
| | - Anna L. Goldman
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jake R. Morgan
- Department of Health Law, Policy, and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shapei Yan
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Avik Chatterjee
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amy L. Bettano
- Office of Population Health, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston
| | - Ingrid A. Binswanger
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
- Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora
- Colorado Permanente Medical Group, Denver
- Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, California
| | - Marc R. LaRochelle
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
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Kobayashi M, Garside J, Nguyen J. Healthcare Resource Utilization and Costs Among Commercially Insured Patients With Advanced or Recurrent Endometrial Cancer Initiating First-Line Therapy in the United States. JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2023; 10:104-110. [PMID: 37954059 PMCID: PMC10637624 DOI: 10.36469/001c.88419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Background: Endometrial cancer (EC) represents a substantial economic burden for patients in the United States. Patients with advanced or recurrent EC have a much poorer prognosis than patients with early-stage EC. Data on healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and costs for patients with advanced or recurrent EC specifically are lacking. Objectives: To describe HCRU and costs associated with first-line (1L) therapy for commercially insured patients with advanced or recurrent EC in the United States. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of adult patients with advanced or recurrent EC using the MarketScan® database. Treatment characteristics, HCRU, and costs were assessed from the first claim in the patient record for 1L therapy for advanced or recurrent EC (index) until initiation of a new anti-cancer therapy, disenrollment from the database, or the end of data availability. Baseline demographics were determined during the 12 months before the patient's index date. Results: A total of 7932 patients were eligible for inclusion. Overall, mean age at index was 61 years, most patients (77.3%) had received prior surgery for EC, and the most common 1L regimen was carboplatin/paclitaxel (59.1%). During the observation period, most patients had at least one healthcare visit (all-cause, 99.9%; EC-related, 82.8%), most commonly outpatient visits (all-cause, 91.4%; EC-related, 68.7%). The highest mean (SD) costs (US dollars) were for inpatient hospitalization for both all-cause and EC-related events ($8396 [$15,130] and $9436 [$16,784], respectively). Total costs were higher for patients with a diagnosis of metastasis at baseline than for those without a diagnosis of metastasis. Discussion: For patients with advanced or recurrent EC in the United States, 1L therapy is associated with considerable HCRU and economic burden. They are particularly high for patients with metastatic disease. Conclusions: This study highlights the need for new cost-effective treatments for patients with newly diagnosed advanced or recurrent EC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamie Garside
- Value Evidence and Outcomes (Oncology) GSK, London, UK
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Ghasempour M, purabdollah M, Rahmani A, dehghannezhad J, Mousavi S, Sattarpour S. The Relation of Work Ability and Return to Work Among Iranian Cancer Survivors. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2022; 23:3339-3346. [PMID: 36308357 PMCID: PMC9924310 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2022.23.10.3339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cancerous diseases are known to disrupt a person's ability and inflict physical, psychological, financial, and social complications on the person, thereby challenging an individual's returning to work. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of cancer patients to work after returning to work. METHODS This descriptive-correlational study examined a total of 227 surviving cancer patients, having picked the participants through convenience sampling. Data were collected by the return to work and work ability index (WAI) questionnaires and analyzed by descriptive statistics and inferential statistics using SPSS software. RESULTS A total of 166 (73.2%) of the participants had returned to work after completing the basic treatment. The mean (standard deviation) of the work ability score was 29.52 (9.43), ranging from 9 to 43 while the average daily work hours dropped from 12.30 to 5.50. The chi-square test showed a significant relationship between the work ability score and the type of return to work. Moreover, the rank logistic regression analysis revealed that work ability was the most important predictor of return to work. CONCLUSION Survivors of cancer face reduced working hours and limited ability to work after returning to work, and it is possible to facilitate the return to work in these patients by identifying their job needs in relation to their abilities and barriers of returning to work through the appropriate interventions.
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Smith GL, Banegas MP, Acquati C, Chang S, Chino F, Conti RM, Greenup RA, Kroll JL, Liang MI, Pisu M, Primm KM, Roth ME, Shankaran V, Yabroff KR. Navigating financial toxicity in patients with cancer: A multidisciplinary management approach. CA Cancer J Clin 2022; 72:437-453. [PMID: 35584404 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately one-half of individuals with cancer face personal economic burdens associated with the disease and its treatment, a problem known as financial toxicity (FT). FT more frequently affects socioeconomically vulnerable individuals and leads to subsequent adverse economic and health outcomes. Whereas multilevel systemic factors at the policy, payer, and provider levels drive FT, there are also accompanying intervenable patient-level factors that exacerbate FT in the setting of clinical care delivery. The primary strategy to intervene on FT at the patient level is financial navigation. Financial navigation uses comprehensive assessment of patients' risk factors for FT, guidance toward support resources, and referrals to assist patient financial needs during cancer care. Social workers or nurse navigators most frequently lead financial navigation. Oncologists and clinical provider teams are multidisciplinary partners who can support optimal FT management in the context of their clinical roles. Oncologists and clinical provider teams can proactively assess patient concerns about the financial hardship and employment effects of disease and treatment. They can respond by streamlining clinical treatment and care delivery planning and incorporating FT concerns into comprehensive goals of care discussions and coordinated symptom and psychosocial care. By understanding how age and life stage, socioeconomic, and cultural factors modify FT trajectory, oncologists and multidisciplinary health care teams can be engaged and informative in patient-centered, tailored FT management. The case presentations in this report provide a practical context to summarize authors' recommendations for patient-level FT management, supported by a review of key supporting evidence and a discussion of challenges to mitigating FT in oncology care. CA Cancer J Clin. 2022;72:437-453.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace L Smith
- Department of Gastrointestinal Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Health Services Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Matthew P Banegas
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Chiara Acquati
- Graduate College of Social Work, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
- Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shine Chang
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Fumiko Chino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affordability Working Group, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Rena M Conti
- Department of Markets, Public Policy, and Law, Boston University School of Business, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rachel A Greenup
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Juliet L Kroll
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Margaret I Liang
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Maria Pisu
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kristin M Primm
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael E Roth
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Veena Shankaran
- Seattle Cancer Care Alliance/University of Washington Medicine and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - K Robin Yabroff
- Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
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Cai J, Peng S, Wang H, Bao S. The Impact of BCL11A Polymorphisms on Endometrial Cancer Risk Among Chinese Han Females. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2022; 15:311-325. [PMID: 35418772 PMCID: PMC9000540 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s345772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is one of the most common malignant gynecological malignancies. BCL11A gene may have a tumor-suppressor role in EC. Until now, no studies have reported the effect of BCL11A variants on EC predisposition in Chinese population. Methods Six BCL11A polymorphisms were genotyped using Agena MassARRAY system among 509 EC patients and 506 matched healthy women. Risk assessment of the BCL11A polymorphisms for EC risk was performed by calculating odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) through logistic regression models. Results We found that rs7581162 (OR = 1.29, p = 0.012), rs10189857 (OR = 1.26, p = 0.028), rs1427407 (OR = 1.30, p = 0.015), rs766432 (OR = 1.27, p = 0.025), and rs6729815 (OR = 1.32, p = 0.008) in BCL11A were associated with higher susceptibility to EC in Chinese Han women. Age and BMI stratified analysis displayed that the risk association between BCL11A variants and EC predisposition might be age- and BMI-dependent. Haplotype analysis revealed that Ars10189857Trs1427407 and Grs10189857Grs1427407 haplotypes were related to an increased risk of EC. MDR analysis indicated that rs1427407 was the most influential attributor on EC risk in the single-locus model, and the best combination was the two-locus model containing rs7581162 and rs766432. Conclusion Our study provided the first evidence that rs7581162, rs10189857, rs1427407, rs766432, and rs6729815 in BCL11A were risk factors for EC in Chinese Han women. These findings add our understanding of the role of BCL11A gene in EC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Cai
- Medical Laboratory Center, Hainan General Hospital/Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570311, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Peng
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Hainan General Hospital/Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570311, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Hainan General Hospital/Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570311, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shan Bao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Hainan General Hospital/Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570311, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Shan Bao, Tel/Fax +86-0898-68642629, Email
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Albright BB, Nitecki R, Chino F, Chino JP, Havrilesky LJ, Aviki EM, Moss HA. Catastrophic health expenditures, insurance churn, and nonemployment among gynecologic cancer patients in the United States. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 226:384.e1-384.e13. [PMID: 34597606 PMCID: PMC10016333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, there has been growing recognition of the financial burden of severe illness, including associations with higher rates of nonemployment, uninsurance, and catastrophic out-of-pocket health spending. Patients with gynecologic cancer often require expensive and prolonged treatments, potentially disrupting employment and insurance coverage access, and putting patients and their families at risk for catastrophic health expenditures. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to describe the prevalence of insurance churn, nonemployment, and catastrophic health expenditures among nonelderly patients with gynecologic cancer in the United States, to compare within subgroups and to other populations and assess for changes associated with the Affordable Care Act. STUDY DESIGN We identified respondents aged 18 to 64 years from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2006 to 2017, who reported care related to gynecologic cancer in a given year, and a propensity-matched cohort of patients without cancer and patients with cancers of other sites, as comparison groups. We applied survey weights to extrapolate to the US population, and we described patterns of insurance churn (any uninsurance or insurance loss or change), catastrophic health expenditures (>10% annual family income), and nonemployment. Characteristics and outcomes between groups were compared with the adjusted Wald test. RESULTS We identified 683 respondents reporting care related to a gynecologic cancer diagnosis from 2006 to 2017, representing an estimated annual population of 532,400 patients (95% confidence interval, 462,000-502,700). More than 64% of patients reported at least 1 of 3 primary negative outcomes of any uninsurance, part-year nonemployment, and catastrophic health expenditures, with 22.4% reporting at least 2 of 3 outcomes. Catastrophic health spending was uncommon without nonemployment or uninsurance reported during that year (1.2% of the population). Compared with patients with other cancers, patients with gynecologic cancer were younger and more likely with low education and low family income (≤250% federal poverty level). They reported higher annual risks of insurance loss (8.8% vs 4.8%; P=.03), any uninsurance (22.6% vs 14.0%; P=.002), and part-year nonemployment (55.3% vs 44.6%; P=.005) but similar risks of catastrophic spending (12.6% vs 12.2%; P=.84). Patients with gynecologic cancer from low-income families faced a higher risk of catastrophic expenditures than those of higher icomes (24.4% vs 2.9%; P<.001). Among the patients from low-income families, Medicaid coverage was associated with a lower risk of catastrophic spending than private insurance. After the Affordable Care Act implementation, we observed reductions in the risk of uninsurance, but there was no significant change in the risk of catastrophic spending among patients with gynecologic cancer. CONCLUSION Patients with gynecologic cancer faced high risks of uninsurance, nonemployment, and catastrophic health expenditures, particularly among patients from low-income families. Catastrophic spending was uncommon in the absence of either nonemployment or uninsurance in a given year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B Albright
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.
| | - Roni Nitecki
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Fumiko Chino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Junzo P Chino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Laura J Havrilesky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Emeline M Aviki
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Haley A Moss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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Nitecki R, Fu S, Jorgensen KA, Gray L, Lefkowits C, Smith BD, Meyer LA, Melamed A, Giordano SH, Ramirez PT, Rauh-Hain JA. Employment disruption among women with gynecologic cancers. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2022; 32:69-78. [PMID: 34785522 PMCID: PMC9035315 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2021-002949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse employment outcomes pose significant challenges for cancer patients, though data patients with gynecologic cancers are sparse. We evaluated the decrease in employment among patients in the year following the diagnosis of a gynecologic cancer compared with population-based controls. METHODS Patients aged 18 to 63 years old, who were diagnosed with cervical, ovarian, endometrial, or vulvar cancer between January 2009 and December 2017, were identified in Truven MarketScan, an insurance claims database of commercially insured patients in the USA. Patients working full- or part-time at diagnosis were matched to population-based controls in a 1:4 ratio via propensity score. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the risk of employment disruption in patients versus controls. RESULTS We identified 7446 women with gynecologic cancers (191 vulvar, 941 cervical, 1839 ovarian, and 4475 endometrial). Although most continued working following diagnosis, 1579 (21.2%) changed from full- or part-time employment to long-term disability, retirement, or work cessation. In an adjusted model, older age, the presence of comorbidities, and treatment with surgery plus adjuvant therapy versus surgery alone were associated with an increased risk of employment disruption (p<0.0003, p=0.01, and p<0.0001, respectively) among patients with gynecologic cancer. In the propensity-matched cohort, patients with gynecologic cancers had over a threefold increased risk of employment disruption relative to controls (HR 3.67, 95% CI 3.44 to 3.95). CONCLUSION Approximately 21% of patients with gynecologic cancer experienced a decrease in employment in the year after diagnosis. These patients had over a threefold increased risk of employment disruption compared with controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Nitecki
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shuangshuang Fu
- Department of Health Services Research, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kirsten A Jorgensen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lauren Gray
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Carolyn Lefkowits
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Benjamin D Smith
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Larissa A Meyer
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alexander Melamed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sharon H Giordano
- Department of Health Services Research, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pedro T Ramirez
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jose Alejandro Rauh-Hain
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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