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Melo AI, Zempoalteca R, Ramirez-Funez G, Anaya-Hernández A, Porras MG, Aguirre-Benítez EL, González Del Pliego M, Armando PT, Jiménez-Estrada I. Role of tactile stimulation during the preweaning period on the development of the peripheral sensory sural (SU) nerve in adult artificially reared female rat. Dev Psychobiol 2024; 66:e22486. [PMID: 38739111 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Maternal deprivation, as a result of the artificial rearing (AR) paradigm, disturbs electrophysiological and histological characteristics of the peripheral sensory sural (SU) nerve of infant and adult male rats. Such changes are prevented by providing tactile or social stimulation during isolation. AR also affects the female rat's brain and behavior; however, it is unknown whether this early adverse experience also alters their SU nerve development or if tactile stimulation might prevent these possible developmental effects. To assess these possibilities, the electrophysiological and histological characteristics of the SU nerve from adult diestrus AR female rats that: (i) received no tactile stimulation (AR group), (ii) received tactile stimulation in the anogenital and body area (AR-Tactile group), or (iii) were mother reared (MR group) were determined. We found that the amplitude, but not the area, of the evoked compound action potential response in SU nerves of AR rats was lower than those of SU nerves of MR female rats. Tactile stimulation prevented these effects. Additionally, we found a reduction in the outer diameter and myelin thickness of axons, as well as a large proportion of axons with low myelin thickness in nerves of AR rats compared to the nerves of the MR and AR-Tactile groups of rats; however, tactile stimulation only partially prevented these effects. Our data indicate that maternal deprivation disturbs the development of sensory SU nerves in female rats, whereas tactile stimulation partially prevents the changes generated by AR. Considering that our previous studies have shown more severe effects of AR on male SU nerve development, we suggest that sex-associated factors may be involved in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel I Melo
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV-Laboratorio Tlaxcala, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Ixtacuixtla, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Rene Zempoalteca
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Ixtacuixtla, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Ramirez-Funez
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV-Laboratorio Tlaxcala, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Ixtacuixtla, Tlaxcala, Mexico
- Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Ixtacuixtla, Mexico
| | - Arely Anaya-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación en Genética y Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Ixtacuixtla, Mexico
| | - Mercedes G Porras
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | | | - Pérez-Torres Armando
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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2
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Martínez-Álvarez V, Segura-Alegría B, Rodríguez-Torres EE, Porras MG, Aguirre-Benítez E, González Del Pliego M, Hudson R, Quiroz-González S, Melo AI, Jiménez-Estrada I. Mother and sibling interactions during the preweaning period influence myelination and impulse propagation of the sensory sural nerve in the adult rat. Dev Psychobiol 2022; 64:e22316. [PMID: 36282737 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
To investigate whether mother and sibling interactions during the preweaning period influence the histological and electrophysiological characteristics of the sensory sural nerve (SUn) in the adult rat, litters composed of 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 male pups (P) were formed and the pups routinely weighed until postnatal day 60 (PND60). At PND9, 3P and 6P litters showed greater body weight than pups without siblings or from 9P or 12P litters, and such differences in weight were maintained until adulthood. Analysis of maternal licking at PND8 and 9 showed that pups from large litters received fewer licks than pups from small size litters. At PND60, SUn of rats from 6P and 9P litters had greater compound action potential (CAP) amplitude and a higher proportion of axons with large myelin thickness than nerves from rats of 1P, 3P, or 12P litters. SUn of heaviest rats from 9P and 12P litters had greater CAP area and myelination than the lightest rats from the same litters. We propose that a complex interplay of sensory, social, and nutritional factors arising from mother and littermate interactions during the preweaning period influence myelination and the propagation of action potentials in the SUn of adult rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Martínez-Álvarez
- Depto. Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, CINVESTAV, IPN, Mexico City, Mexico.,Depto. Biología, FES-Iztacala, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Robyn Hudson
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Angel I Melo
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV- Laboratorio Tlaxcala, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico City, Mexico
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3
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Emmerson MG. Losing a parent in early-life impairs flock size discrimination and lowers oxytocin receptor abundance in a medial amygdala homologue of adult zebra finches. Dev Psychobiol 2022; 64:e22307. [PMID: 36282756 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Experiencing inadequate parental care during early-life diminishes adult social competencies. For example, low parental care impairs adult socio-cognitive abilities (e.g., recognizing familiar conspecifics) and affiliation (e.g., close social proximity); outcomes attributed to diminished medial amygdala nonapeptide functioning in rodents. Whether parental care has effects beyond familiarity, and if siblings have similar effects to parents, is unclear. Here, zebra finches were used to explore if parent and/or sibling number shape adult recognition and preference of small versus large flocks and nonapeptide (oxytocin, vasotocin) receptor expression in an avian homologue of the mammalian medial amygdala. Chicks were raised by single mothers or fathers in small broods or paired parents in small or large broods matched to single parents for chicks per nest or per parent, respectively. Pair-raised birds had preferred flock sizes as adults, but birds raised by single parents had equal preference for either size. Oxytocin receptor expression was lower in birds raised by single parents versus paired parents, but vasotocin receptor levels were unaffected. Such results highlight parents as formative antecedents of their offspring's social competencies related to group size preference and their nonapeptide mechanisms, outcomes that influence an animal's ability to live in social groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Emmerson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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4
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Kitson JE, Ord J, Watt PJ. Maternal Chronic Ethanol Exposure Decreases Stress Responses in Zebrafish Offspring. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081143. [PMID: 36009037 PMCID: PMC9405564 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, prenatal alcohol exposure can cause serious health issues in children, known collectively as Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Despite the high prevalence of FASD and a lack of effective treatments, the underlying mechanisms causing the teratogenic action of ethanol are still obscure. The limitations of human studies necessitate the use of animal models for identifying the underlying processes, but few studies have investigated the effects of alcohol in the female germline. Here, we used the zebrafish Danio rerio to investigate the effects of chronic (repeated for seven days) exposure to alcohol. Specifically, we tested whether the offspring of females chronically exposed to ethanol during oogenesis exhibited hormonal abnormalities when subjected to a stressor (alarm cue) as larvae, and if they exhibited anxiety-like behaviours as adults. Exposure to alarm cue increased whole-body cortisol in control larvae but not in those of ethanol-treated females. Furthermore, adult offspring of ethanol-treated females showed some reduced anxiety-like behaviours. These findings suggest that the offspring of ethanol-treated females had reduced stress responses. This study is the first to investigate how maternal chronic ethanol exposure prior to fertilisation influences hormonal and behavioural effects in a non-rodent model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet E. Kitson
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - James Ord
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Penelope J. Watt
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Correspondence:
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Behavioral Phenotype in Heterozygous DAT Rats: Transgenerational Transmission of Maternal Impact and the Role of Genetic Asset. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12040469. [PMID: 35448000 PMCID: PMC9032929 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12040469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine transporter (DAT) is involved in dopamine (DA) reuptake in presynaptic terminals. Deletion of DAT results in a hyperdopaminergic KO-rat phenotype. To conduct our studies in heterozygous DAT rats, several pedigree lines were created, with known derivation of the allele (i.e., maternal or paternal). Our purpose was to elucidate the role of parental origin rather than maternal care, assessing if maternal maltreatments generated sequelae in female offspring. In the first experiment, female rats and their pups were observed during postnatal lactation. Control dams were WT and heterozygous ones were MAT (but K-MAT, with previous experience of early maltreatment by their KO adoptive dams). WT dams were highly attracted to their offspring (predictably, they spent a lot of time licking their pups); in contrast, K-MAT dams showed strangely comparable levels of caring for their pups and exploring the environment. Subsequently, peculiar features of the circadian cycle were found in adolescent rats with different epigenotypes (WT, MUX = offspring of MAT father, MIK = offspring of K-MAT dam). The MIK epigenotype produced locomotor hyperactivity also during resting hours, well above typical values. The MUX epigenotype, on the other hand, was less active and presented a depression-like profile. This study is unique: maltreatment was generated in a spontaneous way from a DAT-KO mother to offspring. We highlight how future studies will address separate contributions by genotype and upbringing. In conclusion, paternal-allele asset generates sequelae diametrically opposed to the inheritance of early maternal trauma.
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6
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Tactile stimulation prevents disruptions in male rat copulatory behavior induced by artificial rearing. Int J Impot Res 2022; 35:132-139. [PMID: 35087206 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-022-00530-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Early life social interactions in gregarious mammals provide an important source of stimulation required for the development of species-typical behaviors. In the present study, complete deprivation of maternal and littermate contact through artificial rearing was used to examine the role of early social stimulation on copulatory behavior and the ejaculate in adult rats. We found that artificially reared naïve male rats were sexually motivated; nevertheless, they did not acquire the level of sexual experience that typically occurs during copulatory training. Disrupted expression of sexual experience of artificially reared rats was demonstrated by an inconsistent pattern of ejaculatory behavior across training tests. Artificial tactile stimulation applied during isolation prevented this disruption and rats achieved ejaculation in most copulatory tests. Despite the irregularity of ejaculatory behavior in isolated rats, their sperm count and seminal plug were similar to control maternally reared (sexually experienced) and artificially-reared rats that received tactile stimulation. These results suggest that tactile sensory information provided by the mother and/or littermates to the offspring is crucial for the development of copulatory behavior. The absence of social and/or tactile stimulation during early life compromises the ability of male rats to gain sexual experience in adulthood.
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Abstract
Abstract
Lactation is a critical period during which maternal nutritional and environmental challenges affect milk composition and, therefore, organ differentiation, structure, and function in offspring during the early postnatal period. Evidence to date shows that lactation is a vulnerable time during which transient insults can have lasting effects, resulting in altered health outcomes in offspring in adult life. Despite the importance of the developmental programming that occurs during this plastic period of neonatal life, there are few comprehensive reviews of the multiple challenges—especially to the dam—during lactation. This review presents milk data from rodent studies involving maternal nutritional challenges and offspring outcome data from studies involving maternal manipulations during lactation. Among the topics addressed are maternal nutritional challenges and the effects of litter size and artificial rearing on offspring metabolism and neural and endocrine outcomes. The lactation period is an opportunity to correct certain functional deficits resulting from prenatal challenges to the fetus, but, if not personalized, can also lead to undesirable outcomes related to catch up-growth and overnutrition.
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Gunnar MR, Reid BM. Early Deprivation Revisited: Contemporary Studies of the Impact on Young Children of Institutional Care. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-devpsych-121318-085013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
There is clear evidence that early deprivation in the form of early institutional care affects children both immediately and long after they are removed from the institution. This article reviews the modern literature on the impact of institutional care from animal models to longitudinal studies in humans. Importantly, we examine the current understanding of neuroendocrine regulation in the context of early deprivation. We discuss the opportunities and limitations of studying the effects of deprivation in previously institutionalized children, review behavioral findings and related neurobiological studies, and address the physical health ramifications of institutional care. Finally, we touch on future directions for both science and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R. Gunnar
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA;,
| | - Brie M. Reid
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA;,
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9
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Toriz CG, Melo AI, Solano-Agama C, Gómez-Domínguez EG, Martínez-Muñoz MDLA, Castañeda-Obeso J, Vera-Aguilar E, Aguirre-Benítez EL, Romero-Aguilar L, González-del Pliego M, Jiménez-Estrada I, Luna M, Pardo JP, Camacho J, Mendoza-Garrido ME. Physiological changes of growth hormone during lactation in pup rats artificially reared. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220853. [PMID: 31408482 PMCID: PMC6692037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During the lactation period, rat pups are fed by the dam, and the patterns of mother-pup interaction change during this period. Additionally, there are changes in feeding; first, mother´s milk is the only food needed for sustenance, and later, it is combined with solid food and water. GH serum concentrations depend on both maternal-pup interaction and energy metabolism. In the artificial rearing (AR) procedure, pups are deprived of mother-pup interaction, and the feeding pattern is controlled. This rearing paradigm has been used in rats to analyze the effects of maternal deprivation on social behavior. In the present study, we analyzed the variation in GH, acylated ghrelin and IGF-1 serum concentrations throughout the lactation period in AR pups. At pnd7, the maternal rearing (MR) pups responded to a 4 h fast with a drop in GH serum concentration, which is a well-known response to maternal deprivation. GH serum levels in the AR pups did not change, suggesting an adaptation phenomenon. A dopamine inhibitory effect of GH secretion was observed in pnd7 cultured somatotropes, suggesting dopamine regulation of GH secretion at this age. Acylated ghrelin serum levels in the AR pups showed an inverted pattern compared to that in the MR pups, which was related to the artificial feeding pattern. IGF-1 serum levels were lower in the AR pups than in MR pups, which was associated with hepatic GH resistance and with low Igf1 mRNA expression at pnd7. Interestingly, at pnd14, both pup groups showed high hepatic Igf1 mRNA expression but low IGF-1 serum levels, and this was inverted at pnd21. However, serum glucose levels were lower in the AR pups at pnd14 but reached the same levels as the MR pups at pnd21. Moreover, hepatomegaly and higher hepatic GH-receptor levels were observed in the AR pups at pnd21, which was in agreement with an absence of a solid food meal. During AR, the pups lost the maternal interaction-stimulated GH secretion, which correlated with lower IGF-1 serum levels during the first week of postnatal development. Later, the AR pups exhibited hepatic responses, in order to satisfy the metabolic demand for the normal weaning, with low carbohydrates levels in their meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar G. Toriz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angel I. Melo
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV-IPN ‐Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Ixtacuixtla, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Carmen Solano-Agama
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edgar Giovanhi Gómez-Domínguez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Jorge Castañeda-Obeso
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Elsa Liliana Aguirre-Benítez
- Departamento de Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Margarita González-del Pliego
- Departamento de Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ismael Jiménez-Estrada
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maricela Luna
- Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM, Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Juriquilla, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Juan Pablo Pardo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Javier Camacho
- Departamento de Farmacología, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria Eugenia Mendoza-Garrido
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
- * E-mail:
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10
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García Fernández HL, Chavira-Ramírez DR, González-Mariscal G. Long-lasting behavioral and neuroendocrine changes provoked in rabbits by cancelling a single nursing bout in early lactation. Dev Psychobiol 2019; 61:988-998. [PMID: 31211424 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To restore estrus in lactating doe rabbits, nursing was prevented on lactation day 10 and allowed again from day 12 onward. This "biostimulation" procedure, used to accelerate reproduction, allows kit survival despite a 48 hr fast. Yet, the consequences of "biostimulation" on their psychobiological and neuroendocrine development are largely unknown. Therefore, we determined, in adult males and females, tested in the morning or afternoon: corticosteroid secretion (baseline and reactive), sexual behavior, and responses in six tests measuring stress/anxiety. The latter were not affected by maternal deprivation or time of testing in either sex. The lordosis quotient was reduced in deprived does (relative to controls), an effect eliminated when only non-kins (of both groups) were compared. Deprived males showed altered sexual behavior, evidenced by a large number of mounts not culminating in ejaculation. Corticosterone and cortisol secretion increased (relative to baseline) following i.m. saline in all groups, but the magnitude of the response was affected by maternal deprivation, time of day, and sex. Results indicate that particular behaviors and reactivity to stress have different thresholds regarding the effects of mother-litter separation in early lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda L García Fernández
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV-Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México.,Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
| | - David R Chavira-Ramírez
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, México
| | - Gabriela González-Mariscal
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV-Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
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11
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Strzelewicz AR, Ordoñes Sanchez E, Rondón-Ortiz AN, Raneri A, Famularo ST, Bangasser DA, Kentner AC. Access to a high resource environment protects against accelerated maturation following early life stress: A translational animal model of high, medium and low security settings. Horm Behav 2019; 111:46-59. [PMID: 30708031 PMCID: PMC6527488 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Early life exposure to a low security setting, characterized by a scarcity of resources and limited food access, increases the risk for psychiatric illness and metabolic dysfunction. We utilized a translational rat model to mimic a low security environment and determined how this manipulation affected offspring behavior, metabolism, and puberty. Because food insecurity in humans is associated with reduced access to healthy food options the "low security" rat manipulation combined a Western diet with exposure to a limited bedding and nesting manipulation (WD-LB). In this setting, dams were provided with limited nesting materials during the pups' early life (P2-P10). This manipulation was contrasted with standard rodent caging (SD) and environmental enrichment (EE), to model "medium security" and "high security" environments, respectively. To determine if transitioning from a low to high security environment improved outcomes, some juvenile WD-LB offspring were exposed to EE. Maternal care was impacted by these environments such that EE dams engaged in high quality care when on the nest, but spent less time on the nest than SD dams. Although WD-LB dams excessively chased their tails, they were very attentive to their pups, perhaps to compensate for limited resources. Offspring exposed to WD-LB only displayed subtle changes in behavior. However, WD-LB exposure resulted in significant metabolic dysfunction characterized by increased body weight, precocious puberty and alterations in the hypothalamic kisspeptin system. These negative effects of WD-LB on puberty and weight regulation were mitigated by EE exposure. Collectively, these studies suggest that both compensatory maternal care and juvenile enrichment can reduce the impact of a low security environment. Moreover, they highlight how utilizing diverse models of resource (in)stability can reveal mechanisms that confer vulnerability and resilience to early life stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle R Strzelewicz
- School of Pharmacy, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston,MA 02115, United States
| | | | - Alejandro N Rondón-Ortiz
- School of Pharmacy, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston,MA 02115, United States
| | - Anthony Raneri
- School of Arts & Sciences, Health Psychology Program, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Sydney T Famularo
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States
| | - Debra A Bangasser
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States
| | - Amanda C Kentner
- School of Arts & Sciences, Health Psychology Program, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
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12
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Kentner AC, Cryan JF, Brummelte S. Resilience priming: Translational models for understanding resiliency and adaptation to early life adversity. Dev Psychobiol 2019; 61:350-375. [PMID: 30311210 PMCID: PMC6447439 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the increasing attention to early life adversity and its long-term consequences on health, behavior, and the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders, our understanding of the adaptations and interventions that promote resiliency and rescue against such insults are underexplored. Specifically, investigations of the perinatal period often focus on negative events/outcomes. In contrast, positive experiences (i.e. enrichment/parental care//healthy nutrition) favorably influence development of the nervous and endocrine systems. Moreover, some stressors result in adaptations and demonstrations of later-life resiliency. This review explores the underlying mechanisms of neuroplasticity that follow some of these early life experiences and translates them into ideas for interventions in pediatric settings. The emerging role of the gut microbiome in mediating stress susceptibility is also discussed. Since many negative outcomes of early experiences are known, it is time to identify mechanisms and mediators that promote resiliency against them. These range from enrichment, quality parental care, dietary interventions and those that target the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C. Kentner
- School of Arts & Sciences, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 179 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115,
| | - John F. Cryan
- Dept. Anatomy & Neuroscience & APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, College Rd., Cork, Ireland,
| | - Susanne Brummelte
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI 48202,
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13
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Fleming AS, Kraemer GW. Molecular and Genetic Bases of Mammalian Maternal Behavior. GENDER AND THE GENOME 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/2470289719827306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alison S. Fleming
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gary W. Kraemer
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Targeted sensory enrichment interventions protect against behavioral and neuroendocrine consequences of early life stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 98:74-85. [PMID: 30121011 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Both basic and clinical research support the use of tactile stimulation to rescue several neurobiobehavioral consequences that follow early life stress. Here, using a translational rodent model of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), we tested the individual prophylactic potential of a variety of sensory interventions including tactile (brushing pups with a paint brush to mimic maternal licking), auditory (a simulated lactating rat dam heart beat), and olfactory (a series of aroma therapy scents) stimulation. The NICU model was developed to mimic not only the reduced parental contact that sick infants receive (by isolating rat pups from their litters), but also the nosocomial infections and medical manipulations associated with this experience (by utilizing a dual lipopolysaccharide injection schedule). Each of the neurobiobehavioral consequences observed were dissociable between isolation and inflammation, or required a combined presentation ('two hits') of the neonatal stressors. Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to these early life stressors presented with sex-specific disruptions in both separation-induced ultrasonic vocalization (USV) distress calls (males & females) and juvenile social play USVs (males only). All three sensory enhancement interventions were associated with the rescue of potentiated distress calls while olfactory stimulation was protective of social vocalizations. Female rats exposed to early life stress experienced precocious puberty and shifts in the hypothalamic GnRh axis; sensory enrichment counter-acted the advanced pubertal onset. Animals that underwent the NICU protocol also displayed maturational acceleration in terms of the loss of the rooting reflex in addition to hyperalgesia, a reduced preference for a novel conspecific, blunted basal plasma corticosterone and reduced hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor expression. These alterations closely simulated the clinical effects of early life adversity in terms of disruptions in the hypothalamic pituitary "stress" axis, social communication and engagement, tactile system processing, and accelerated maturation. Moreover, sensory enrichment attenuated many of these behavioral and neurophysiological alterations, and even slowed maturation. Overall, this supports the translatability of our novel rodent model and its potential utility in understanding how brain maturation and quality of early life experiences may interact to shape the integrity of stress and sensory system development. Future work must determine the appropriate modalities and parameters (e.g. patterning, timing) for effective sensory enrichment interventions.
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15
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Damián JP, Hötzel MJ, Banchero G, Ungerfeld R. Growing without a mother during rearing affects the response to stressors in rams. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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16
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Banqueri M, Méndez M, Arias JL. Why are maternally separated females inflexible? Brain activity pattern of COx and c-Fos. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 155:30-41. [PMID: 29908971 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Subjects' early life events will affect them later in life. When these events are stressful, such as child abuse in humans or repeated maternal separation in rodents, subjects can show some behavioral and brain alterations. This study used young adult female Wistar rats that were maternally raised (AFR), maternally separated from post-natal day (PND) 1 to PND10 (MS10), or maternally separated from PND1 to PND21 (MS21), in order to assess the effects of maternal separation (MS) on spatial learning and memory, as well as cognitive flexibility, using the Morris Water Maze (MWM). We performed quantitative cytochrome oxidase (COx) histochemistry on selected brain areas in order to identify whether maternal separation affects brain energy metabolism. We also performed c-Fos immunohistochemistry on the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), thalamus, and hippocampus to explore whether this immediate early gene activity was altered in stressed subjects. We obtained a similar spatial learning pattern in maternally raised and maternally separated subjects on the reference memory task, but only the controls were flexible enough to solve the reversal learning successfully. Separated groups showed less c-Fos activity in the mPFC and less complex neural networks on COx.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Banqueri
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Plaza Feijoo, s/n, E-33003 Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Spain.
| | - Marta Méndez
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Plaza Feijoo, s/n, E-33003 Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Spain
| | - Jorge L Arias
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Plaza Feijoo, s/n, E-33003 Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Spain
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17
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Flores KP, Blohowiak SE, Winzerling JJ, Georgieff MK, Kling PJ. The impact of erythropoietin and iron status on brain myelination in the newborn rat. J Neurosci Res 2018; 96:1586-1599. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen P. Flores
- Department of Pediatrics; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, and UnityPoint Health Meriter Madison; Wisconsin
- Department of Internal Medicine; University of Texas-Southwestern; Dallas Texas
| | - Sharon E. Blohowiak
- Department of Pediatrics; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, and UnityPoint Health Meriter Madison; Wisconsin
| | - Joy J. Winzerling
- Department of Nutritional Sciences; University of Arizona; Tucson Arizona
| | - Michael K. Georgieff
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Neurobehavioral Development; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Pamela J. Kling
- Department of Pediatrics; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, and UnityPoint Health Meriter Madison; Wisconsin
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18
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Zempoalteca R, Porras MG, Moreno-Pérez S, Ramirez-Funez G, Aguirre-Benítez EL, González Del Pliego M, Mariscal-Tovar S, Mendoza-Garrido ME, Hoffman KL, Jiménez-Estrada I, Melo AI. Early postnatal development of electrophysiological and histological properties of sensory sural nerves in male rats that were maternally deprived and artificially reared: Role of tactile stimulation. Dev Neurobiol 2017; 78:351-362. [PMID: 29197166 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Early adverse experiences disrupt brain development and behavior, but little is known about how such experiences impact on the development of the peripheral nervous system. Recently, we found alterations in the electrophysiological and histological characteristics of the sensory sural (SU) nerve in maternally deprived, artificially reared (AR) adult male rats, as compared with maternally reared (MR) control rats. In the present study, our aim was to characterize the ontogeny of these alterations. Thus, male pups of four postnatal days (PND) were (1) AR group, (2) AR and received daily tactile stimulation to the body and anogenital region (AR-Tactile group); or (3) reared by their mother (MR group). At PND 7, 14, or 21, electrophysiological properties and histological characteristics of the SU nerves were assessed. At PND 7, the electrophysiological properties and most histological parameters of the SU nerve did not differ among MR, AR, and AR-Tactile groups. By contrast, at PND 14 and/or 21, the SU nerve of AR rats showed a lower CAP amplitude and area, and a significant reduction in myelin area and myelin thickness, which were accompanied by a reduction in axon area (day 21 only) compared to the nerves of MR rats. Tactile stimulation (AR-Tactile group) partially prevented most of these alterations. These results suggest that sensory cues from the mother and/or littermates during the first 7-14 PND are relevant for the proper development and function of the adult SU nerve. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 351-362, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Zempoalteca
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, México
| | | | - Suelem Moreno-Pérez
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, México.,Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, México
| | - Gabriela Ramirez-Funez
- Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, México.,Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV-Laboratorio Tlaxcala, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, México
| | | | | | | | | | - Kurt Leroy Hoffman
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV-Laboratorio Tlaxcala, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, México
| | | | - Angel I Melo
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV-Laboratorio Tlaxcala, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, México
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19
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Aguirre-Benítez EL, Porras MG, Parra L, González-Ríos J, Garduño-Torres DF, Albores-García D, Avendaño A, Ávila-Rodríguez MA, Melo AI, Jiménez-Estrada I, Mendoza-Garrido ME, Toriz C, Diaz D, Ibarra-Coronado E, Mendoza-Ángeles K, Hernández-Falcón J. Disruption of behavior and brain metabolism in artificially reared rats. Dev Neurobiol 2017; 77:1413-1429. [DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mercedes G. Porras
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina; UNAM, México, AP 70250, Av. Universidad No. 3000, Col. Copilco Universidad, México, CDMX; 04510 México México
| | - Leticia Parra
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina; UNAM; México Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Arturo Avendaño
- Unidad Radiofarmacia-Ciclotrón, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM; México Mexico
| | | | - Angel I. Melo
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal CINVESTAV-Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Apdo Postal 62. C.P. Tlaxcala, C.P; Tlaxcala 90000 México
| | - Ismael Jiménez-Estrada
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias; CINVESTAV, IPN Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508 Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, C.P, CDMX; México 07360 México
| | - Ma. Eugenia Mendoza-Garrido
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias; CINVESTAV, IPN Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508 Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, C.P, CDMX; México 07360 México
| | - César Toriz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias; CINVESTAV, IPN Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508 Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, C.P, CDMX; México 07360 México
| | - Daniel Diaz
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3) UNAM; México México
| | - Elizabeth Ibarra-Coronado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina; UNAM, México, AP 70250, Av. Universidad No. 3000, Col. Copilco Universidad, México, CDMX; 04510 México México
| | - Karina Mendoza-Ángeles
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina; UNAM, México, AP 70250, Av. Universidad No. 3000, Col. Copilco Universidad, México, CDMX; 04510 México México
| | - Jesús Hernández-Falcón
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina; UNAM, México, AP 70250, Av. Universidad No. 3000, Col. Copilco Universidad, México, CDMX; 04510 México México
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20
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Damián JP, Hötzel MJ, Banchero G, Ungerfeld R. Competition for oestrous ewes between rams reared by their mothers or artificially reared: Effects on sexual behaviour and testosterone and cortisol serum concentrations. Theriogenology 2017; 100:134-138. [PMID: 28708528 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine how the social competition for an oestrous ewe affects the sexual behaviour and the endocrine response in two groups of rams, one reared by their mothers and another artificially reared. Thus, we compared the sexual behaviour and testosterone and cortisol changes in each group of rams in competitive and non-competitive tests, both during the first and second breeding seasons. Two groups of rams were: 1) artificially reared lambs, separated from their dams 24-36 h after birth (Week 0) and artificially fed with sheep milk until 10 weeks of age (group AR, n = 14); and 2) lambs reared by their dams until 10 weeks of age (group DR, n = 13). Rams were subjected to non-competitive and competitive tests for an oestrous ewe during their first and second breeding seasons, when they were 8 and 20 months old, respectively. Sexual behaviours toward an oestrous ewe were recorded during 20 min and the testosterone and cortisol concentrations were determined in serum samples collected immediately before the test, and 20, 40 and 60 min after it. During the first breeding season, the number of flehmen decreased in DR rams, and the number of flehmen and ano-genital sniffings also decreased in DR rams, but the frequency of some copulatory behaviours increased (matings and ejaculation/total mounts in DR rams, and total mounts in AR rams) in competitive tests. During the second breeding season, competition caused a decrease in the number of all the recorded behaviours (courtship and copulation) with the exception of flehmen in AR rams; however, in DR rams only the number of the copulatory behaviours decreased under competition. Competition did not affect the endocrine response during the first breeding season. During the second breeding season, while testosterone concentrations were greater in non-competitive than in competitive tests at 60 min (P = 0.0008) in AR rams, in DR rams it tended to be greater (P = 0.09). Competition did not affect cortisol concentrations in any group or season, but in all tests the concentrations increased at the end of the test (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the lack of the mother during rearing negatively affected the sexual motivation and the testosterone response of rams to oestrous ewes in competitive tests, effects that were more evident when adults. Neither the absence of the mother during rearing nor competition for oestrous ewes affected the stress response (evidenced by increase in cortisol concentration) in rams during both seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Damián
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - M J Hötzel
- Laboratório de Etologia Aplicada e Bem-Estar Animal, Departamento de Zootecnia e Desenvolvimento Rural, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - G Banchero
- Unidad de Ovinos, INIA "La Estanzuela", Colonia, Uruguay
| | - R Ungerfeld
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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21
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Sokolowski HM, Vasquez OE, Unternaehrer E, Sokolowski DJ, Biergans SD, Atkinson L, Gonzalez A, Silveira PP, Levitan R, O'Donnell KJ, Steiner M, Kennedy J, Meaney MJ, Fleming AS, Sokolowski MB. The Drosophila foraging gene human orthologue PRKG1 predicts individual differences in the effects of early adversity on maternal sensitivity. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT 2016; 42:62-73. [PMID: 28827895 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is variation in the extent to which childhood adverse experience affects adult individual differences in maternal behavior. Genetic variation in the animal foraging gene, which encodes a cGMP-dependent protein kinase, contributes to variation in the responses of adult fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster, to early life adversity and is also known to play a role in maternal behavior in social insects. Here we investigate genetic variation in the human foraging gene (PRKG1) as a predictor of individual differences in the effects of early adversity on maternal behavior in two cohorts. We show that the PRKG1 genetic polymorphism rs2043556 associates with maternal sensitivity towards their infants. We also show that rs2043556 moderates the association between self-reported childhood adversity of the mother and her later maternal sensitivity. Mothers with the TT allele of rs2043556 appeared buffered from the effects of early adversity, whereas mothers with the presence of a C allele were not. Our study used the Toronto Longitudinal Cohort (N=288 mother-16 month old infant pairs) and the Maternal Adversity and Vulnerability and Neurodevelopment Cohort (N=281 mother-18 month old infant pairs). Our findings expand the literature on the contributions of both genetics and gene-environment interactions to maternal sensitivity, a salient feature of the early environment relevant for child neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Moriah Sokolowski
- Department of Psychology, Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, Westminster Hall, Room 325, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K7
| | - Oscar E Vasquez
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 25 Wilcocks St. University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3B2
| | - Eva Unternaehrer
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, 6875, Boulevard LaSalle, Montréal, Québec, Canada H4H 1R3
| | - Dustin J Sokolowski
- Department of Biology, University of Western, Ontario, Toronto, Canada, N6A 3K7
| | - Stephanie D Biergans
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 25 Wilcocks St. University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3B2
| | - Leslie Atkinson
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5B2K3
| | - Andrea Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster Innovation Park, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - Patricia P Silveira
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, 6875, Boulevard LaSalle, Montréal, Québec, Canada H4H 1R3
| | - Robert Levitan
- Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8G 5E4
| | - Kieran J O'Donnell
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, 6875, Boulevard LaSalle, Montréal, Québec, Canada H4H 1R3.,Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), 180 Dundas St West, Suite 1400, Toronto, Ontario Canada M5G 1Z8
| | - Meir Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster Innovation Park, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1.,Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8G 5E4
| | - James Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto and Centre for Addiction an Mental Health, 33 Russell St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3M1
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, 6875, Boulevard LaSalle, Montréal, Québec, Canada H4H 1R3.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609.,Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), 180 Dundas St West, Suite 1400, Toronto, Ontario Canada M5G 1Z8
| | - Alison S Fleming
- Department of Psychology, 100 St. George Street, Sidney Smith Hall Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G3
| | - Marla B Sokolowski
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 25 Wilcocks St. University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3B2.,Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), 180 Dundas St West, Suite 1400, Toronto, Ontario Canada M5G 1Z8
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22
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Sá Couto‐Pereira N, Ferreira CF, Lampert C, Arcego DM, Toniazzo AP, Bernardi JR, Silva DC, Von Poser Toigo E, Diehl LA, Krolow R, Silveira PP, Dalmaz C. Neonatal interventions differently affect maternal care quality and have sexually dimorphic developmental effects on corticosterone secretion. Int J Dev Neurosci 2016; 55:72-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Natividade Sá Couto‐Pereira
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de BioquímicaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Charles Francisco Ferreira
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: NeurociênciasUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)Porto AlegreRSBrazil
- Núcleo de Estudos da Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA)Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Carine Lampert
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de BioquímicaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Danusa Mar Arcego
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de BioquímicaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Ana Paula Toniazzo
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de BioquímicaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Juliana Rombaldi Bernardi
- Núcleo de Estudos da Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA)Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Diego Carrilho Silva
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de BioquímicaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Eduardo Von Poser Toigo
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de BioquímicaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Luisa Amalia Diehl
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de BioquímicaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Rachel Krolow
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de BioquímicaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Patrícia Pelufo Silveira
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: NeurociênciasUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)Porto AlegreRSBrazil
- Núcleo de Estudos da Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA)Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Carla Dalmaz
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de BioquímicaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)Porto AlegreRSBrazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: NeurociênciasUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)Porto AlegreRSBrazil
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23
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Lomanowska AM, Guitton MJ. Online intimacy and well-being in the digital age. Internet Interv 2016; 4:138-144. [PMID: 30135799 PMCID: PMC6096121 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Engagement in intimate social interactions and relationships has an important influence on well-being. However, recent advances in Internet and mobile communication technologies have lead to a major shift in the mode of human social interactions, raising the question of how these technologies are impacting the experience of interpersonal intimacy and its relationship with well-being. Although the study of intimacy in online social interactions is still in its early stages, there is general agreement that a form of online intimacy can be experienced in this context. However, research into the relationship between online intimacy and well-being is critically limited. Our aim is to begin to address this research void by providing an operative perspective on this emerging field. After considering the characteristics of online intimacy, its multimodal components and its caveats, we present an analysis of existing evidence for the potential impact of online intimacy on well-being. We suggest that studies thus far have focused on online social interactions in a general sense, shedding little light on how the level of intimacy in these interactions may affect well-being outcomes. We then consider findings from studies of different components of intimacy in online social interactions, specifically self-disclosure and social support, to indirectly explore the potential contribution of online intimacy to health and well-being. Based on this analysis, we propose future directions for fundamental and practical research in this important new area of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Lomanowska
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada,School of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada,Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Quebec City, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada,Corresponding author at: Department of Psychology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada.
| | - Matthieu J. Guitton
- Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Quebec City, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada,Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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24
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Hrdy SB. Variable postpartum responsiveness among humans and other primates with "cooperative breeding": A comparative and evolutionary perspective. Horm Behav 2016; 77:272-83. [PMID: 26518662 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This article is part of a Special Issue "Parental Care".Until recently, evolutionists reconstructing mother-infant bonding among human ancestors relied on nonhuman primate models characterized by exclusively maternal care, overlooking the highly variable responsiveness exhibited by mothers in species with obligate reliance on allomaternal care and provisioning. It is now increasingly recognized that apes as large-brained, slow maturing, and nutritionally dependent for so long as early humans were, could not have evolved unless "alloparents" (group members other than genetic parents), in addition to parents, had helped mothers to care for and provision offspring, a rearing system known as "cooperative breeding." Here I review situation-dependent maternal responses ranging from highly possessive to permissive, temporarily distancing, rejecting, or infanticidal, documented for a small subset of cooperatively breeding primates. As in many mammals, primate maternal responsiveness is influenced by physical condition, endocrinological priming, prior experience and local environments (especially related to security). But mothers among primates who evolved as cooperative breeders also appear unusually sensitive to cues of social support. In addition to more "sapient" or rational decision-making, humankind's deep history of cooperative breeding must be considered when trying to understand the extremely variable responsiveness of human mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B Hrdy
- Citrona Farms, 21440 County Road 87, Winters, CA 95694, USA.
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