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Evinova A, Baranovicova E, Hajduchova D, Dibdiakova K, Baranova I, Racay P, Strnadel J, Pecova R, Halasova E, Pokusa M. The impact of ATP-sensitive potassium channel modulation on mitochondria in a Parkinson's disease model using SH-SY5Y cells depends on their differentiation state. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2024; 56:347-360. [PMID: 38689156 PMCID: PMC11217133 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-024-10018-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Inward rectifying potassium channels sensitive to ATP levels (KATP) have been the subject of investigation for several decades. Modulators of KATP channels are well-established treatments for metabolic as well as cardiovascular diseases. Experimental studies have also shown the potential of KATP modulation in neurodegenerative disorders. However, to date, data regarding the effects of KATP antagonists/agonists in experiments related to neurodegeneration remain inconsistent. The main source of confusion in evaluating available data seems to be the choice of experimental models. The present study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the effects of both opening and blocking KATP channels in two forms of SH-SY5Y cells. Our results offer valuable insights into the significance of metabolic differences between differentiated and non-differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, particularly in the context of glibenclamide and diazoxide effects under normal conditions and during the initiation of pathological events simulating Parkinson's disease in vitro. We emphasize the analysis of mitochondrial functions and changes in mitochondrial network morphology. The heightened protein expression of KATP channels identified in non-differentiated SH-SY5Y cells seems to be a platform for a more significant impact of KATP modulators in this cell type. The efficiency of rotenone treatment in inducing morphological changes in the mitochondrial network depends on the differentiation status of SH-SY5Y cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Evinova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - E Baranovicova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - D Hajduchova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - K Dibdiakova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - I Baranova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - P Racay
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - J Strnadel
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - R Pecova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - E Halasova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - M Pokusa
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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2
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Yin XM, Song YY, Jiang WY, Zhang HT, Chen JW, Murao K, Han MX, Sun WP, Zhang GX. Mitochondrial K ATP channel-mediated autophagy contributes to angiotensin II-induced vascular dysfunction in mice. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:1571-1580. [PMID: 38418351 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The present study aimed to investigate whether the mitochondrial KATP channel contributes to angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced vascular dysfunction, the development of hypertension, and atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS ApoE (-/-) mice fed a high-fat diet were chronically infused with Ang II for eight weeks and concomitantly treated with losartan (ARB), apocynin, or 5-hydroxy decanoate (5-HD), or 3-methyladenine (3-MA). Systolic blood pressure was measured, and pathological changes of aortic or liver tissue were observed. Nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) levels and vasorelaxation rate were measured, and protein and mRNA expressions were examined by western blot and RT-PCR. Ang II-induced development of hypertension was suppressed not only by ARB, and apocynin but also by 5-HD or 3-MA. Ang II infusion decreased aortic NO production and relaxation, as well as SOD2 activity in liver, which were improved by all treatments. In addition, Ang II-induced activation of autophagy was suppressed by 5-HD in aortic tissue, furthermore, Ang II increases the atherosclerotic index in plasma and exacerbates the development of atherosclerosis by increases of fat deposition in the aorta and liver. Lipid metabolism-related mRNA expressions (LXR-α, LDLR, SRBI, Acca, and FASN) were changed by Ang II. Similarly, not only ARB, and apocynin, but also 5-HD and 3-MA suppressed Ang II-induced these changes. CONCLUSIONS Our present findings evidence that mitochondrial KATP channel-mediated autophagy contributes to Ang II-induced vascular dysfunction, development of hypertension, and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Min Yin
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Dushu Lake Campus, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yi-Yi Song
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Dushu Lake Campus, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Wen-Yi Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Dushu Lake Campus, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Hao-Tian Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Dushu Lake Campus, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Jing-Wei Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 18 Yang-Su Road, Suzhou 215003, PR China
| | - Koji Murao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Meng-Xiao Han
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Dushu Lake Campus, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
| | - Wan-Ping Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Dushu Lake Campus, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
| | - Guo-Xing Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Dushu Lake Campus, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, PR China; Suzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Prevention and Treatment of Hyperlipidemic Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Dushu Lake Campus, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
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3
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Heusch G, Andreadou I, Bell R, Bertero E, Botker HE, Davidson SM, Downey J, Eaton P, Ferdinandy P, Gersh BJ, Giacca M, Hausenloy DJ, Ibanez B, Krieg T, Maack C, Schulz R, Sellke F, Shah AM, Thiele H, Yellon DM, Di Lisa F. Health position paper and redox perspectives on reactive oxygen species as signals and targets of cardioprotection. Redox Biol 2023; 67:102894. [PMID: 37839355 PMCID: PMC10590874 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review summarizes the beneficial and detrimental roles of reactive oxygen species in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and cardioprotection. In the first part, the continued need for cardioprotection beyond that by rapid reperfusion of acute myocardial infarction is emphasized. Then, pathomechanisms of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion to the myocardium and the coronary circulation and the different modes of cell death in myocardial infarction are characterized. Different mechanical and pharmacological interventions to protect the ischemic/reperfused myocardium in elective percutaneous coronary interventions and coronary artery bypass grafting, in acute myocardial infarction and in cardiotoxicity from cancer therapy are detailed. The second part keeps the focus on ROS providing a comprehensive overview of molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in ischemia/reperfusion injury. Starting from mitochondria as the main sources and targets of ROS in ischemic/reperfused myocardium, a complex network of cellular and extracellular processes is discussed, including relationships with Ca2+ homeostasis, thiol group redox balance, hydrogen sulfide modulation, cross-talk with NAPDH oxidases, exosomes, cytokines and growth factors. While mechanistic insights are needed to improve our current therapeutic approaches, advancements in knowledge of ROS-mediated processes indicate that detrimental facets of oxidative stress are opposed by ROS requirement for physiological and protective reactions. This inevitable contrast is likely to underlie unsuccessful clinical trials and limits the development of novel cardioprotective interventions simply based upon ROS removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Robert Bell
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edoardo Bertero
- Chair of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Hans-Erik Botker
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Downey
- Department of Physiology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Philip Eaton
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Heart Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bernard J Gersh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mauro Giacca
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Borja Ibanez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, and CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Maack
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute for Physiology, Justus-Liebig -Universität, Giessen, Germany
| | - Frank Sellke
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ajay M Shah
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Holger Thiele
- Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig and Leipzig Heart Science, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli studi di Padova, Padova, Italy.
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4
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Korotkov SM. Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Is the General Reason for Apoptosis Induced by Different-Valence Heavy Metals in Cells and Mitochondria. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14459. [PMID: 37833908 PMCID: PMC10572412 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This review analyzes the causes and consequences of apoptosis resulting from oxidative stress that occurs in mitochondria and cells exposed to the toxic effects of different-valence heavy metals (Ag+, Tl+, Hg2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Al3+, Ga3+, In3+, As3+, Sb3+, Cr6+, and U6+). The problems of the relationship between the integration of these toxic metals into molecular mechanisms with the subsequent development of pathophysiological processes and the appearance of diseases caused by the accumulation of these metals in the body are also addressed in this review. Such apoptosis is characterized by a reduction in cell viability, the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9, the expression of pro-apoptotic genes (Bax and Bcl-2), and the activation of protein kinases (ERK, JNK, p53, and p38) by mitogens. Moreover, the oxidative stress manifests as the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening, mitochondrial swelling, an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and H2O2, lipid peroxidation, cytochrome c release, a decline in the inner mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨmito), a decrease in ATP synthesis, and reduced glutathione and oxygen consumption as well as cytoplasm and matrix calcium overload due to Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The apoptosis and respiratory dysfunction induced by these metals are discussed regarding their interaction with cellular and mitochondrial thiol groups and Fe2+ metabolism disturbance. Similarities and differences in the toxic effects of Tl+ from those of other heavy metals under review are discussed. Similarities may be due to the increase in the cytoplasmic calcium concentration induced by Tl+ and these metals. One difference discussed is the failure to decrease Tl+ toxicity through metallothionein-dependent mechanisms. Another difference could be the decrease in reduced glutathione in the matrix due to the reversible oxidation of Tl+ to Tl3+ near the centers of ROS generation in the respiratory chain. The latter may explain why thallium toxicity to humans turned out to be higher than the toxicity of mercury, lead, cadmium, copper, and zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey M Korotkov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez pr. 44, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia
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5
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El-Meanawy SK, Dooge H, Wexler AC, Kosmach AC, Serban L, Santos EA, Alvarado FJ, Hacker TA, Ramratnam M. Overexpression of a Short Sulfonylurea Splice Variant Increases Cardiac Glucose Uptake and Uncouples Mitochondria by Regulating ROMK Activity. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1015. [PMID: 37109544 PMCID: PMC10146620 DOI: 10.3390/life13041015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial splice variant of the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR2A-55) is associated with protection from myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, increased mitochondrial ATP sensitive K+ channel activity (mitoKATP) and altered glucose metabolism. While mitoKATP channels composed of CCDC51 and ABCB8 exist, the mitochondrial K+ pore regulated by SUR2A-55 is unknown. We explored whether SUR2A-55 regulates ROMK to form an alternate mitoKATP. We assessed glucose uptake in mice overexpressing SUR2A-55 (TGSUR2A-55) compared with WT mice during IR injury. We then examined the expression level of ROMK and the effect of ROMK modulation on mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) in WT and TGSUR2A-55 mice. TGSUR2A-55 had increased glucose uptake compared to WT mice during IR injury. The expression of ROMK was similar in WT compared to TGSUR2A-55 mice. ROMK inhibition hyperpolarized resting cardiomyocyte Δψm from TGSUR2A-55 mice but not from WT mice. In addition, TGSUR2A-55 and ROMK inhibitor treated WT isolated cardiomyocytes had enhanced mitochondrial uncoupling. ROMK inhibition blocked diazoxide induced Δψm depolarization and prevented preservation of Δψm from FCCP perfusion in WT and to a lesser degree TGSUR2A-55 mice. In conclusion, cardio-protection from SUR2A-55 is associated with ROMK regulation, enhanced mitochondrial uncoupling and increased glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K. El-Meanawy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (S.K.E.-M.)
- Cardiology Section, Medical Service, William. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Holly Dooge
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (S.K.E.-M.)
- Cardiology Section, Medical Service, William. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Allison C. Wexler
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (S.K.E.-M.)
- Cardiology Section, Medical Service, William. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Anna C. Kosmach
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (S.K.E.-M.)
| | - Lara Serban
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (S.K.E.-M.)
| | - Elizabeth A. Santos
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (S.K.E.-M.)
| | - Francisco J. Alvarado
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (S.K.E.-M.)
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Timothy A. Hacker
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Mohun Ramratnam
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (S.K.E.-M.)
- Cardiology Section, Medical Service, William. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Rutkai I, Merdzo I, Wunnava S, McNulty C, Chandra PK, Katakam PV, Busija DW. Detrimental effects of transient cerebral ischemia on middle cerebral artery mitochondria in female rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H1343-H1351. [PMID: 36367688 PMCID: PMC9744641 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00346.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial numbers and dynamics in brain blood vessels differ between young male and female rats under physiological conditions, but how these differences are affected by stroke is unclear. In males, we found that mitochondrial numbers, possibly due to mitochondrial fission, in large middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) increased following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). However, mitochondrial effects of stroke on MCAs of female rats have not been studied. To address this disparity, we conducted morphological, biochemical, and functional studies using electron microscopy, Western blot, mitochondrial respiration, and Ca2+ sparks activity measurements in MCAs of female, naïve or sham Sprague-Dawley rats before and 48 h after 90 min of tMCAO. Adverse changes in mitochondrial characteristics and the relationship between mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in MCAs were present on both sides. However, mitochondria and mitochondrial/SR associations were often within the range of normal appearance. Mitochondrial protein levels were similar between ipsilateral (ipsi) and contralateral (contra) sides. Nonrespiratory oxygen consumption, maximal respiration, and spare respiratory capacity were similar between ipsi and contra but were reduced compared with sham. Basal respiration, proton leak, and ATP production were similar among MCAs. Ca2+ sparks activity increased in sham and ipsi MCAs exposed to a mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener: diazoxide. Our results show that tMCAO has effects on mitochondria in MCAs on both the ipsi and contra sides. Mitochondrial responses of cerebral arteries to tMCAO in females are substantially different from responses seen previously in male rats suggesting the need for specific sex-based therapies.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We propose that differences in mitochondrial characteristics of males and females, including mitochondrial morphology, respiration, and calcium sparks activity contribute to sex differences in protective and repair mechanisms in response to transient ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibolya Rutkai
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Ivan Merdzo
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Sanjay Wunnava
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Catherine McNulty
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Partha K Chandra
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Prasad V Katakam
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - David W Busija
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
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7
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Wang MT, Pan HY, Huang YL, Wu LW, Wang PC, Hsu YJ, Lin TC, Lin C, Lai JH, Lee CH. Comparison of Mitochondrial Adenosine Triphosphate-Sensitive Potassium Channel High- vs Low-Affinity Sulfonylureas and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Metformin. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2245854. [PMID: 36484988 PMCID: PMC9856426 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.45854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Sulfonylureas are frequently used as add-on to metformin in type 2 diabetes (T2D), and individual sulfonylurea agents carry different risks of cardiovascular disease. Sulfonylureas' different affinities to cardiac mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (mitoKATP) channels have been speculated to account for the intraclass difference in cardiovascular risk from in vitro and ex vivo studies; however, this hypothesis has not been assessed in a general population with diabetes receiving sulfonylureas added to metformin. OBJECTIVE To compare the risk of myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke, or cardiovascular death in patients with T2D treated with mitoKATP channel high-affinity sulfonylureas and low-affinity sulfonylureas as add-on to metformin. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This is a new-user, active-comparator, and propensity score-matched cohort study with analysis of the Taiwanese Diabetes Mellitus Health Database from 2006, to 2017. Data analysis was performed from August 2020 to July 2021. EXPOSURES Cardiac mitoKATP channel high-affinity (glyburide and glipizide) and low-affinity (gliclazide and glimepiride) sulfonylureas combined with metformin. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), a composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for either MI or ischemic stroke. Secondary outcomes included individual MACE components, heart failure, arrhythmia, all-cause mortality, and severe hypoglycemia. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs). RESULTS Each sulfonylurea group comprised 53 714 patients (mean [SD] age, 54.7 [12.1] years; 31 962 men [59.5%]). MitoKATP channel high-affinity sulfonylureas vs low-affinity sulfonylureas when combined with metformin were associated with an increased risk of MACE (aHR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.03-1.34), MI (aHR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.04-1.73), all-cause mortality (aHR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.03-1.57), and severe hypoglycemia (aHR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.58-2.10), but not with increased risks of ischemic stroke, cardiovascular death, arrhythmia, and heart failure. The duration analyses revealed the highest MACE risk during 1 to 90 days after initiation of mitoKATP channel high-affinity sulfonylureas (aHR, 6.06; 95% CI, 4.86-7.55). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Use of mitoKATP channel high-affinity sulfonylureas vs low-affinity sulfonylureas was associated with an increased MACE risk in patients with T2D concomitantly receiving metformin, suggesting that high-affinity blockage of the mitoKATP channels could account for sulfonylurea-associated MACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ting Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Yi Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Huang
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Chun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Juei Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chieh Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - ChenWei Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyun-Heng Lai
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin
| | - Chien-Hsing Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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8
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Influence of Short and Long Hyperglycemia on Cardioprotection by Remote Ischemic Preconditioning-A Translational Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314557. [PMID: 36498885 PMCID: PMC9738494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The adverse impact of common diseases like diabetes mellitus and acute hyperglycemia on morbidity and mortality from myocardial infarction (MI) has been well documented over the past years of research. In the clinical setting, the relationship between blood glucose and mortality appears linear, with amplifying risk associated with increasing blood glucose levels. Further, this seems to be independent of a diagnosis of diabetes. In the experimental setting, various comorbidities seem to impact ischemic and pharmacological conditioning strategies, protecting the heart against ischemia and reperfusion injury. In this translational experimental approach from bedside to bench, we set out to determine whether acute and/or prolonged hyperglycemia have an influence on the protective effect of transferred human RIPC-plasma and, therefore, might obstruct translation into the clinical setting. Control and RIPC plasma of young healthy men were transferred to isolated hearts of young male Wistar rats in vitro. Plasma was administered before global ischemia under either short hyperglycemic (HGs Con, HGs RIPC) conditions, prolonged hyperglycemia (HGl Con, HGl RIPC), or under normoglycemia (Con, RIPC). Infarct sizes were determined by TTC staining. Control hearts showed an infarct size of 55 ± 7%. Preconditioning with transferred RIPC plasma under normoglycemia significantly reduced infarct size to 25 ± 4% (p < 0.05 vs. Con). Under acute hyperglycemia, control hearts showed an infarct size of 63 ± 5%. Applying RIPC plasma under short hyperglycemic conditions led to a significant infarct size reduction of 41 ± 4% (p < 0.05 vs. HGs Con). However, the cardioprotective effect of RIPC plasma under normoglycemia was significantly stronger compared with acute hyperglycemic conditions (RIPC vs. HGs RIPC; p < 0.05). Prolonged hyperglycemia (HGl RIPC) completely abolished the cardioprotective effect of RIPC plasma (infarct size 60 ± 7%; p < 0.05 vs. HGl Con; HGl Con 59 ± 5%).
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9
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Chang M, Gada KD, Chidipi B, Tsalatsanis A, Gibbons J, Remily-Wood E, Logothetis DE, Oberstaller J, Noujaim SF. I KACh is constitutively active via PKC epsilon in aging mediated atrial fibrillation. iScience 2022; 25:105442. [PMID: 36388956 PMCID: PMC9650037 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common abnormal heart rhythm, is a major cause for stroke. Aging is a significant risk factor for AF; however, specific ionic pathways that can elucidate how aging leads to AF remain elusive. We used young and old wild-type and PKC epsilon- (PKCϵ) knockout mice, whole animal, and cellular electrophysiology, as well as whole heart, and cellular imaging to investigate how aging leads to the aberrant functioning of a potassium current, and consequently to AF facilitation. Our experiments showed that knocking out PKCϵ abrogates the effects of aging on AF by preventing the development of a constitutively active acetylcholine sensitive inward rectifier potassium current (IKACh). Moreover, blocking this abnormal current in the old heart reduces AF inducibility. Our studies demonstrate that in the aging heart, IKACh is constitutively active in a PKCϵ-dependent manner, contributing to the perpetuation of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Chang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Kirin D. Gada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bojjibabu Chidipi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Athanasios Tsalatsanis
- College of Medicine Office of Research, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Justin Gibbons
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research and USF Genomics Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Elizabeth Remily-Wood
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Diomedes E. Logothetis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jenna Oberstaller
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research and USF Genomics Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Sami F. Noujaim
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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10
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da Costa Marques LA, Teixeira SA, de Jesus FN, Wood ME, Torregrossa R, Whiteman M, Costa SKP, Muscará MN. Vasorelaxant Activity of AP39, a Mitochondria-Targeted H 2S Donor, on Mouse Mesenteric Artery Rings In Vitro. Biomolecules 2022; 12:280. [PMID: 35204781 PMCID: PMC8961640 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria-targeted hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donor compounds, such as compound AP39, supply H2S into the mitochondrial environment and have shown several beneficial in vitro and in vivo effects in cardiovascular conditions such as diabetes and hypertension. However, the study of their direct vascular effects has not been addressed to date. Thus, the objective of the present study was to analyze the effects and describe the mechanisms of action of AP39 on the in vitro vascular reactivity of mouse mesenteric artery. Protein and gene expressions of the H2S-producing enzymes (CBS, CSE, and 3MPST) were respectively analyzed by Western blot and qualitative RT-PCR, as well the in vitro production of H2S by mesenteric artery homogenates. Gene expression of CSE and 3MPST in the vessels has been evidenced by RT-PCR experiments, whereas the protein expression of all the three enzymes was demonstrated by Western blotting experiments. Nonselective inhibition of H2S-producing enzymes by AOAA abolished H2S production, whereas it was partially inhibited by PAG (a CSE selective inhibitor). Vasorelaxation promoted by AP39 and its H2S-releasing moiety (ADT-OH) were significantly reduced after endothelium removal, specifically dependent on NO-cGMP signaling and SKCa channel opening. Endogenous H2S seems to participate in the mechanism of action of AP39, and glibenclamide-induced KATP blockade did not affect the vasorelaxant response. Considering the results of the present study and the previously demonstrated antioxidant and bioenergetic effects of AP39, we conclude that mitochondria-targeted H2S donors may offer a new promising perspective in cardiovascular disease therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo A. da Costa Marques
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (L.A.d.C.M.); (S.A.T.); (F.N.d.J.); (S.K.P.C.)
| | - Simone A. Teixeira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (L.A.d.C.M.); (S.A.T.); (F.N.d.J.); (S.K.P.C.)
| | - Flávia N. de Jesus
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (L.A.d.C.M.); (S.A.T.); (F.N.d.J.); (S.K.P.C.)
| | - Mark E. Wood
- Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK; (M.E.W.); (R.T.); (M.W.)
- School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Roberta Torregrossa
- Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK; (M.E.W.); (R.T.); (M.W.)
- School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Matthew Whiteman
- Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK; (M.E.W.); (R.T.); (M.W.)
| | - Soraia K. P. Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (L.A.d.C.M.); (S.A.T.); (F.N.d.J.); (S.K.P.C.)
| | - Marcelo N. Muscará
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (L.A.d.C.M.); (S.A.T.); (F.N.d.J.); (S.K.P.C.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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11
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Antidiabetic drugs and the risk of cancer: beneficial, neutral, or detrimental? FORUM OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/fco-2021-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is rapidly rising, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Also, early-onset diabetes is on the rise, and millions of individuals have to be on antidiabetic medications for a prolonged period. Therefore, more people are getting exposed to the adverse effects of antidiabetic medications.
Cancer is among the top ranking causes of death worldwide. Researches are still ongoing to understand the etiologies, precipitants, risk factors, correlates, and predictors of cancers. Diabetes mellitus is associated with various cancers, as extensively documented in the literature. There are conflicting reports about the association between antidiabetic drugs and cancer. This is even of crucial importance, considering that the prevalence of diabetes is rising.
Insulin glargine is reported to be associated with cancers, but clinical trials have not confirmed this. Metformin is largely believed to be beneficial in oncologic practice. Glibenclamide is reported to reduce tumor growth. The association between pioglitazone and bladder cancer is still an area for further research. Meglitinides have also been associated with cancers. Incretin-based therapy and the α-glucosidase inhibitors appear to have beneficial effects on cancers.
There is still a need for randomized multicentric clinical trials to further substantiate and clarify reports from epidemiological studies. Further in vitro studies will also be necessary to characterize the interaction of these pharmacological agents with other molecules in the body.
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12
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Role of Oxidative Stress in Reperfusion following Myocardial Ischemia and Its Treatments. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6614009. [PMID: 34055195 PMCID: PMC8149218 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6614009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia is a disease with high morbidity and mortality, for which reperfusion is currently the standard intervention. However, the reperfusion may lead to further myocardial damage, known as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI). Oxidative stress is one of the most important pathological mechanisms in reperfusion injury, which causes apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, and some other damage in cardiomyocytes through multiple pathways, thus causing irreversible cardiomyocyte damage and cardiac dysfunction. This article reviews the pathological mechanisms of oxidative stress involved in reperfusion injury and the interventions for different pathways and targets, so as to form systematic treatments for oxidative stress-induced myocardial reperfusion injury and make up for the lack of monotherapy.
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Checchetto V, Leanza L, De Stefani D, Rizzuto R, Gulbins E, Szabo I. Mitochondrial K + channels and their implications for disease mechanisms. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 227:107874. [PMID: 33930454 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The field of mitochondrial ion channels underwent a rapid development during the last decade, thanks to the molecular identification of some of the nuclear-encoded organelle channels and to advances in strategies allowing specific pharmacological targeting of these proteins. Thereby, genetic tools and specific drugs aided definition of the relevance of several mitochondrial channels both in physiological as well as pathological conditions. Unfortunately, in the case of mitochondrial K+ channels, efforts of genetic manipulation provided only limited results, due to their dual localization to mitochondria and to plasma membrane in most cases. Although the impact of mitochondrial K+ channels on human diseases is still far from being genuinely understood, pre-clinical data strongly argue for their substantial role in the context of several pathologies, including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases as well as cancer. Importantly, these channels are druggable targets, and their in-depth investigation could thus pave the way to the development of innovative small molecules with huge therapeutic potential. In the present review we summarize the available experimental evidence that mechanistically link mitochondrial potassium channels to the above pathologies and underline the possibility of exploiting them for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luigi Leanza
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy
| | | | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Ildiko Szabo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy; CNR Institute of Neurosciences, Italy.
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14
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Feige K, Rubbert J, Raupach A, Stroethoff M, Heinen A, Hollmann MW, Huhn R, Torregroza C. Cardioprotective Properties of Mannitol-Involvement of Mitochondrial Potassium Channels. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2395. [PMID: 33673646 PMCID: PMC7957595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac preconditioning (PC) and postconditioning (PoC) are powerful measures against the consequences of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. Mannitol-a hyperosmolar solution-is clinically used for treatment of intracranial and intraocular pressure or promotion of diuresis in renal failure. Next to these clinical indications, different organ-protective properties-e.g., perioperative neuroprotection-are described. However, whether Mannitol also confers cardioprotection via a pre- and/or postconditioning stimulus, possibly reducing consequences of I/R injury, remains to be seen. Therefore, in the present study we investigated whether (1) Mannitol-induced pre- and/or postconditioning induces myocardial infarct size reduction and (2) activation of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (mKATP) channels is involved in cardioprotection by Mannitol. Experiments were performed on isolated hearts of male Wistar rats via a pressure controlled Langendorff system, randomized into 7 groups. Each heart underwent 33 min of global ischemia and 60 min of reperfusion. Control hearts (Con) received Krebs-Henseleit buffer as vehicle only. Pre- and postconditioning was achieved by administration of 11 mmol/L Mannitol for 10 min before ischemia (Man-PC) or immediately at the onset of reperfusion (Man-PoC), respectively. In further groups, the mKATP channel blocker 5HD, was applied with and without Mannitol, to determine the potential underlying cardioprotective mechanisms. Primary endpoint was infarct size, determined by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Mannitol significantly reduced infarct size both as a pre- (Man-PC) and postconditioning (Man-PoC) stimulus compared to control hearts (Man-PC: 31 ± 4%; Man-PoC: 35 ± 6%, each p < 0.05 vs. Con: 57 ± 9%). The mKATP channel inhibitor completely abrogated the cardioprotective effect of Mannitol-induced pre- (5HD-PC-Man-PC: 59 ± 8%, p < 0.05 vs. Man-PC) and postconditioning (5HD-PoC-Man-PoC: 59 ± 10% vs. p < 0.05 Man-PoC). Infarct size was not influenced by 5HD itself (5HD-PC: 60 ± 14%; 5HD-PoC: 54 ± 14%, each ns vs. Con). This study demonstrates that Mannitol (1) induces myocardial pre- and postconditioning and (2) confers cardioprotection via activation of mKATP channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Feige
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (K.F.); (J.R.); (A.R.); (M.S.); (C.T.)
| | - Janine Rubbert
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (K.F.); (J.R.); (A.R.); (M.S.); (C.T.)
| | - Annika Raupach
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (K.F.); (J.R.); (A.R.); (M.S.); (C.T.)
| | - Martin Stroethoff
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (K.F.); (J.R.); (A.R.); (M.S.); (C.T.)
| | - André Heinen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;
| | - Markus W. Hollmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), Location AMC, Meiberdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Ragnar Huhn
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (K.F.); (J.R.); (A.R.); (M.S.); (C.T.)
| | - Carolin Torregroza
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (K.F.); (J.R.); (A.R.); (M.S.); (C.T.)
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15
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Lei F, Wang W, Fu Y, Wang J, Zheng Y. Mitochondrial KATP channels contribute to the protective effects of hydrogen sulfide against impairment of central chemoreception of rat offspring exposed to maternal cigarette smoke. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237643. [PMID: 33064729 PMCID: PMC7567348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that maternal cigarette smoke (CS) exposure resulted in impairment of central chemoreception and induced mitochondrial dysfunction in offspring parafacial respiratory group (pFRG), the kernel for mammalian central chemoreception. We also found that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) could attenuate maternal CS exposure-induced impairment of central chemoreception in the rat offspring in vivo. Mitochondrial ATP sensitive potassium (mitoKATP) channel has been reported to play a significant role in mitochondrial functions and protect against apoptosis in neurons. Thus, we hypothesize here that mitoKATP channel plays a role in the protective effects of H2S on neonatal central chemoreception in maternal CS-exposed rats. Our findings revealed that pretreatment with NaHS (donor of H2S, 22.4mM) reversed the central chemosensitivity decreased by maternal CS exposure, and also inhibited cell apoptosis in offspring pFRG, however, 5-HD (blocker of mitoKATP channels, 19mM) attenuated the protective effects of NaHS. In addition, NaHS declined pro-apoptotic proteins related to mitochondrial pathway apoptosis in CS rat offspring pFRG, such as Bax, Cytochrome C, caspase9 and caspase3. NaHS or 5-HD alone had no significant effect on above indexes. These results suggest that mitoKATP channels play an important role in the protective effect of H2S against impairment of central chemoreception via anti-apoptosis in pFRG of rat offspring exposed to maternal CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Lei
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yating Fu
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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16
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Influence of Hyperglycemia on Dexmedetomidine-Induced Cardioprotection in the Isolated Perfused Rat Heart. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051445. [PMID: 32413983 PMCID: PMC7290666 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological preconditioning (PC) and postconditioning (PoC), for example, by treatment with the α2-adrenoreceptor agonist Dexmedetomidine (Dex), protects hearts from ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in experimental studies, however, translation into the clinical setting has been challenging. Acute hyperglycemia adversely affects the outcome of patients with myocardial infarction. Additionally, it also blocks cardioprotection by multiple pharmacological agents. Therefore, we investigated the possible influence of acute hyperglycemia on Dexmedetomidine-induced pre- and postconditioning. Experiments were performed on the hearts of male Wistar rats, which were randomized into 7 groups, placed in an isolated Langendorff system and perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer. All hearts underwent 33 min of global ischemia, followed by 60 min of reperfusion. Control (Con) hearts received Krebs-Henseleit buffer (Con KHB), glucose (Con HG) or mannitol (Con NG) as vehicle only. Hearts exposed to hyperglycemia (HG) received KHB, containing 11 mmol/L glucose (an elevated, but commonly used glucose concentration for Langendorff perfused hearts) resulting in a total concentration of 22 mmol/L glucose throughout the whole experiment. To ensure comparable osmolarity with HG conditions, normoglycemic (NG) hearts received mannitol in addition to KHB. Hearts were treated with 3 nM Dexmedetomidine (Dex) before (DexPC) or after ischemia (DexPoC), under hyperglycemic or normoglycemic conditions. Infarct size was determined by triphenyltetrazoliumchloride staining. Acute hyperglycemia had no impact on infarct size compared to the control group with KHB (Con HG: 56 ± 9% ns vs. Con KHB: 56 ± 7%). DexPC reduced infarct size despite elevated glucose levels (DexPC HG: 35 ± 3%, p < 0.05 vs. Con HG). However, treatment with Dex during reperfusion showed no infarct size reduction under hyperglycemic conditions (DexPoC HG: 57 ± 9%, ns vs. Con HG). In contrast, hearts treated with mannitol demonstrated a significant decrease in infarct size compared to the control group (Con NG: 37 ± 3%, p < 0.05 vs. Con KHB). The combination of Dex and mannitol presents exactly opposite results to hearts treated with hyperglycemia. While DexPC completely abrogates infarct reduction through mannitol treatment (DexPC NG: 55 ± 7%, p < 0.05 vs. Con NG), DexPoC had no impact on mannitol-induced infarct size reduction (DexPoC NG: 38 ± 4%, ns vs. Con NG). Acute hyperglycemia inhibits DexPoC, while it has no impact on DexPC. Treatment with mannitol induces cardioprotection. Application of Dex during reperfusion does not influence mannitol-induced infarct size reduction, however, administering Dex before ischemia interferes with mannitol-induced cardioprotection.
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17
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Severino P, D’Amato A, Pucci M, Infusino F, Birtolo LI, Mariani MV, Lavalle C, Maestrini V, Mancone M, Fedele F. Ischemic Heart Disease and Heart Failure: Role of Coronary Ion Channels. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3167. [PMID: 32365863 PMCID: PMC7246492 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a complex syndrome responsible for high rates of death and hospitalization. Ischemic heart disease is one of the most frequent causes of heart failure and it is normally attributed to coronary artery disease, defined by the presence of one or more obstructive plaques, which determine a reduced coronary blood flow, causing myocardial ischemia and consequent heart failure. However, coronary obstruction is only an element of a complex pathophysiological process that leads to myocardial ischemia. In the literature, attention paid to the role of microcirculation, in the pathophysiology of ischemic heart disease and heart failure, is growing. Coronary microvascular dysfunction determines an inability of coronary circulation to satisfy myocardial metabolic demands, due to the imbalance of coronary blood flow regulatory mechanisms, including ion channels, leading to the development of hypoxia, fibrosis and tissue death, which may determine a loss of myocardial function, even beyond the presence of atherosclerotic epicardial plaques. For this reason, ion channels may represent the link among coronary microvascular dysfunction, ischemic heart disease and consequent heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Fedele
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155-00161 Rome, Italy; (P.S.); (A.D.); (M.P.); (F.I.); (L.I.B.); (M.V.M.); (C.L.); (V.M.); (M.M.)
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18
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Can We Prevent Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus? Pathophysiology and Treatment Options. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082852. [PMID: 32325880 PMCID: PMC7215501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a disease involving changes to energy metabolism. Chronic hyperglycemia is a major cause of diabetes complications. Hyperglycemia induces mechanisms that generate the excessive production of reactive oxygen species, leading to the development of oxidative stress. Studies with animal models have indicated the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. In the current review, we aimed to collect scientific reports linking disorders in mitochondrial functioning with the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus. We also aimed to present therapeutic approaches counteracting the development of mitochondrial dysfunction and diabetic cardiomyopathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
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19
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Balbi C, Costa A, Barile L, Bollini S. Message in a Bottle: Upgrading Cardiac Repair into Rejuvenation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030724. [PMID: 32183455 PMCID: PMC7140681 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischaemic cardiac disease is associated with a loss of cardiomyocytes and an intrinsic lack of myocardial renewal. Recent work has shown that the heart retains limited cardiomyocyte proliferation, which remains inefficient when facing pathological conditions. While broadly active in the neonatal mammalian heart, this mechanism becomes quiescent soon after birth, suggesting loss of regenerative potential with maturation into adulthood. A key question is whether this temporary regenerative window can be enhanced via appropriate stimulation and further extended. Recently the search for novel therapeutic approaches for heart disease has centred on stem cell biology. The “paracrine effect” has been proposed as a promising strategy to boost endogenous reparative and regenerative mechanisms from within the cardiac tissue by exploiting the modulatory potential of soluble stem cell-secreted factors. As such, growing interest has been specifically addressed towards stem/progenitor cell-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs), which can be easily isolated in vitro from cell-conditioned medium. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the current paradigm on cardiac repair and regeneration, with a specific focus on the role and mechanism(s) of paracrine action of EVs from cardiac stromal progenitors as compared to exogenous stem cells in order to discuss the optimal choice for future therapy. In addition, the challenges to overcoming translational EV biology from bench to bedside for future cardiac regenerative medicine will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Balbi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland;
| | - Ambra Costa
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Dept. of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Lucio Barile
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Sveva Bollini
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Dept. of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy;
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (S.B.)
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20
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Sampieri R, Fuentes E, Carrillo ED, Hernández A, García MC, Sánchez JA. Pharmacological Preconditioning Using Diazoxide Regulates Store-Operated Ca 2 + Channels in Adult Rat Cardiomyocytes. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1589. [PMID: 32009985 PMCID: PMC6972595 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels and store-operated Ca2+ channels (SOCs) are the major routes of Ca2+ entry into mammalian cells. Previously, we reported that pharmacological preconditioning (PPC) leads to a decrease in the amplitude of L-type calcium channel current in the heart. In this study, we examined PPC-associated changes in SOC function. We measured adult cardiomyocyte membrane currents using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique, and we evaluated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and intracellular Ca2+ levels in cardiomyocytes using fluorescent probes. Diazoxide (Dzx) and thapsigargin (Tg) were used to induce PPC and to deplete internal stores of Ca2+, respectively. Ca2+ store depletion generated inward currents with strong rectification, which were suppressed by the SOC blocker GSK-7975-A. These currents were completely abolished by PPC, an effect that could be countered with 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD; a selective mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker), an intracellular mitochondrial energizing solution, or Ni2+ [a blocker of sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX)]. Buffering of ROS and intracellular Ca2+ also prevented PPC effects on SOC currents. Refilling of intracellular stores was largely suppressed by PPC, as determined by measuring intracellular Ca2+ with a fluorescent Ca2+ indicator. These results indicate that influx of Ca2+ through SOCs is inhibited by their ROS and Ca2+-dependent inactivation during PPC and that NCX is a likely source of PPC-inactivating Ca2+. We further showed that NCX associates with Orai1. Down-regulation of SOCs by PPC may play a role in cardioprotection following ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Sampieri
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eridani Fuentes
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elba D Carrillo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ascención Hernández
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María C García
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge A Sánchez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
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21
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Korotkov SM, Brailovskaya IV, Nesterov VP, Soroko SI. Effects of Pinacidil and Calcium on Succinate-Energized Rat Heart Mitochondria in the Presence of Rotenone. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2019; 487:277-281. [PMID: 31559597 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672919040070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of pinacidil was studied on calcium-loaded rat heart mitochondria (RHM) in the presence of succinate and rotenone. In experiments with pinacidil, the swelling of these mitochondria increased in media with NH4NO3 or K-acetate, but the inner membrane potential (ΔΨmito) and the respiration in 3 or 2,4-dinitrophenol-stimulated states of these organelles decreased due to the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) in their inner membrane. These effects were inhibited by cyclosporin A and ADP. It was concluded that the protective effect of pinacidil in the cardiac muscle under ischemia/reperfusion may be associated with both the stimulation of mitochondrial swelling and a decrease in RHM calcium overload resulted in ΔΨmito fall due to mild uncoupling effect of pinacidil.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Korotkov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - I V Brailovskaya
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V P Nesterov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - S I Soroko
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223, St. Petersburg, Russia
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22
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Mahneva O, Caplan SL, Ivko P, Dawson-Scully K, Milton SL. NO/cGMP/PKG activation protects Drosophila cells subjected to hypoxic stress. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 223:106-114. [PMID: 31150868 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The anoxia-tolerant fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has routinely been used to examine cellular mechanisms responsible for anoxic and oxidative stress resistance. Nitric oxide (NO), an important cellular signaling molecule, and its downstream activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase G (PKG) has been implicated as a protective mechanism against ischemic injury in diverse animal models from insects to mammals. In Drosophila, increased PKG signaling results in increased survival of animals exposed to anoxic stress. To determine if activation of the NO/cGMP/PKG pathway is protective at the cellular level, the present study employed a pharmacological protocol to mimic hypoxic injury in Drosophila S2 cells. The commonly used S2 cell line was derived from a primary culture of late stage (20-24 h old) Drosophila melanogaster embryos. Hypoxic stress was induced by exposure to either sodium azide (NaN3) or cobalt chloride (CoCl2). During chemical hypoxic stress, NO/cGMP/PKG activation protected against cell death and this mechanism involved modulation of downstream mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium ion channels (mitoKATP). The cellular protection afforded by NO/cGMP/PKG activation during ischemia-like stress may be an adaptive cytoprotective mechanism and modulation of this signaling cascade could serve as a potential therapeutic target for protection against hypoxia or ischemia-induced cellular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Mahneva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.
| | - Stacee Lee Caplan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.
| | - Polina Ivko
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.
| | - Ken Dawson-Scully
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.
| | - Sarah L Milton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.
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23
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Marunouchi T, Sasaki K, Yano E, Tanonaka K. Transplantation of cardiac Sca-1-positive cells rather than c-Kit-positive cells preserves mitochondrial oxygen consumption of the viable myocardium following myocardial infarction in rats. J Pharmacol Sci 2019; 140:236-241. [PMID: 31375326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiosphere-derived cell (CDC) is one of the candidate cells used for cardiac regenerative therapy. Cardiospheres are mixture of cells including c-Kit+ cells, stem cell antigen (Sca)-1+ cells, and other types of cardiac progenitor cells. In this study, we compared the effect of transplantation of isolated Sca-1+ cells and c-Kit+ cells with that of the crude CDCs (CrCDCs). Focusing on the differences in the ability for secretion of paracrine factors among 3 types of cells, we determined the effects of transplantation of these cells on cardiac intracellular signaling and mitochondrial function in rats with permanently ligated coronary arteries. We showed that the transplantation of these cells resulted in a preservation of the cardiac pump function and mitochondrial respiration at the 8th week after myocardial infarction. However, mitochondrial function in the c-Kit+ cell-transplanted group was lower than that in the other 2 groups. Furthermore, we found that activation levels of intracellular signaling proteins after cell transplantation may have been due to the ability of secretion of growth factors by these transplanted cell types. Our findings indicate the possibility that CrCDC and Sca-1+ cells rather than c-Kit+ cells may be used therapeutically to preserve cardiac function and energy metabolism after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Marunouchi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Kyohei Sasaki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Emi Yano
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Kouichi Tanonaka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
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24
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Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Produces, and Ischemic Preconditioning Prevents, Rat Cardiac Fibroblast Differentiation: Role of K ATP Channels. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2019; 6:jcdd6020022. [PMID: 31167469 PMCID: PMC6617075 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd6020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP) protect cardiac myocytes from ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. We investigated the influence of IR injury, IPC and KATP in isolated rat cardiac fibroblasts. Hearts were removed under isoflurane anesthesia. IR was simulated in vitro by application and removal of paraffin oil over pelleted cells. Ischemia (30, 60 and 120 min) followed by 60 min reperfusion resulted in significant differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts in culture (mean % fibroblasts ± SEM in IR vs. time control: 12 ± 1% vs. 63 ± 2%, 30 min ischemia; 15 ± 3% vs. 71 ± 4%, 60 min ischemia; 8 ± 1% vs. 55 ± 2%, 120 min ischemia). IPC (15 min ischemia, 30 min reperfusion) significantly attenuated IR-induced fibroblast differentiation (52 ± 3%) compared to 60 min IR. IPC was mimicked by opening KATP with pinacidil (50 μM; 43 ± 6%) and by selectively opening mitochondrial KATP (mKATP) with diazoxide (100 μM; 53 ± 3%). Furthermore, IPC was attenuated by inhibiting KATP with glibenclamide (10 μM; 23 ± 5%) and by selectively blocking mKATP with 5-hydroxydecanoate (100 μM; 22 ± 9%). These results suggest that (a) IR injury evoked cardiac fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation, (b) IPC attenuated IR-induced fibroblast differentiation, (c) KATP were involved in IPC and (d) this protection involved selective activation of mKATP.
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25
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Castro L, Noelia M, Vidal-Jorge M, Sánchez-Ortiz D, Gándara D, Martínez-Saez E, Cicuéndez M, Poca MA, Simard JM, Sahuquillo J. Kir6.2, the Pore-Forming Subunit of ATP-Sensitive K + Channels, Is Overexpressed in Human Posttraumatic Brain Contusions. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:165-175. [PMID: 29737232 PMCID: PMC7872003 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain contusions (BCs) are one of the most frequent lesions in patients with moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). BCs increase their volume due to peri-lesional edema formation and/or hemorrhagic transformation. This may have deleterious consequences and its mechanisms are still poorly understood. We previously identified de novo upregulation sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) 1, the regulatory subunit of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels and other channels, in human BCs. Our aim here was to study the expression of the pore-forming subunit of KATP, Kir6.2, in human BCs, and identify its localization in different cell types. Protein levels of Kir6.2 were detected by western blot (WB) from 33 contusion specimens obtained from 32 TBI patients aged 14-74 years. The evaluation of Kir6.2 expression in different cell types was performed by immunofluorescence in 29 contusion samples obtained from 28 patients with a median age of 42 years. Control samples were obtained from limited brain resections performed to access extra-axial skull base tumors or intraventricular lesions. Contusion specimens showed an increase of Kir6.2 expression in comparison with controls. Regarding cellular location of Kir6.2, there was no expression of this channel subunit in blood vessels, either in control samples or in contusions. The expression of Kir6.2 in neurons and microglia was also analyzed, but the observed differences were not statistically significant. However, a significant increase of Kir6.2 was found in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive cells in contusion specimens. Our data suggest that further research on SUR1-regulated ionic channels may lead to a better understanding of key mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of BCs, and may identify novel targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Castro
- Neurotraumatology and Neurosurgery Research Unit (UNINN), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montoya Noelia
- Neurotraumatology and Neurosurgery Research Unit (UNINN), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marian Vidal-Jorge
- Neurotraumatology and Neurosurgery Research Unit (UNINN), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Sánchez-Ortiz
- Neurotraumatology and Neurosurgery Research Unit (UNINN), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Darío Gándara
- Neurotraumatology and Neurosurgery Research Unit (UNINN), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Martínez-Saez
- Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Cicuéndez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Antonia Poca
- Neurotraumatology and Neurosurgery Research Unit (UNINN), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. Marc Simard
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Physiology, and Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Juan Sahuquillo
- Neurotraumatology and Neurosurgery Research Unit (UNINN), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Cortez-Toledo E, Rose M, Agu E, Dahlenburg H, Yao W, Nolta JA, Zhou P. Enhancing Retention of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Prosurvival Factors Promotes Angiogenesis in a Mouse Model of Limb Ischemia. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 28:114-119. [PMID: 30398391 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) offer great promise in the treatment of ischemic injuries, including stroke, heart infarction, and limb ischemia. However, poor cell survival after transplantation remains a major obstacle to achieve effective MSC therapies. To improve cell survival and retention, we transplanted human bone marrow MSCs with or without a specific prosurvival factor (PSF) cocktail consisting of IGF1, Bcl-XL, a caspase inhibitor, a mitochondrial pathway inhibitor, and Matrigel into the limbs of immune deficient mice, after induction of hindlimb ischemia. The PSF markedly prolonged the retention of the MSCs in the ischemic limb muscles as demonstrated by bioluminescence imaging. Using microcomputed tomography to image the limb muscle vasculature in the mice 9 weeks after the transplantation, we found that the mice transplanted with MSCs without PSF did not show a significant increase in the blood vessels in the ischemic limb compared with the nontransplanted control mice. In contrast, the mice transplanted with MSCs plus PSF showed a significant increase in the blood vessels, especially the larger and branching vessels, in the ischemic limb compared with the control mice that did not receive MSCs. Thus, we demonstrated that prolonged retention of MSCs using PSF effectively promoted angiogenesis in ischemic animal limbs. This study highlights the importance of enhancing cell survival in the development of effective MSC therapies to treat vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Cortez-Toledo
- 1 Stem Cell Program, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Melanie Rose
- 1 Stem Cell Program, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Emmanuel Agu
- 1 Stem Cell Program, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Heather Dahlenburg
- 1 Stem Cell Program, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Wei Yao
- 2 Center for Musculoskeletal Health, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Jan A Nolta
- 1 Stem Cell Program, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Ping Zhou
- 1 Stem Cell Program, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
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27
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Effects of cardiosphere-derived cell transplantation on cardiac mitochondrial oxygen consumption after myocardial infarction in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:883-892. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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28
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Ramratnam M, Kenny B, Kyle JW, Wiedmeyer B, Hacker TA, Barefield DY, McNally EM, Makielski JC. Transgenic overexpression of the SUR2A-55 splice variant in mouse heart reduces infract size and promotes protective mitochondrial function. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00677. [PMID: 29998196 PMCID: PMC6037880 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP-sensitive potassium channels found in both the sarcolemma (sarcKATP) and mitochondria (mitoKATP) of cardiomyocytes are important mediators of cardioprotection during ischemic heart disease. Sulfonylurea receptor isoforms (SUR2), encoded by Abcc9, an ATP-binding cassette family member, form regulatory subunits of the sarcKATP channel and are also thought to regulate mitoKATP channel activity. A short-form splice variant of SUR2 (SUR2A-55) was previously shown to target mitochondria and display diaxoxide and ATP insensitive KATP activity when co-expressed with the inward rectifier channels Kir6.2 and Kir6.1. We hypothesized that mice with cardiac specific overexpression of SUR2A-55 would mediate cardioprotection from ischemia by altering mitoKATP properties. Mice overexpressing SUR2A-55 (TGSUR2A-55) in cardiomyocytes were generated and showed no significant difference in echocardiographic measured chamber dimension, percent fractional shortening, heart to body weight ratio, or gross histologic features compared to normal mice at 11–14 weeks of age. TGSUR2A-55 had improved hemodynamic functional recovery and smaller infarct size after ischemia reperfusion injury compared to WT mice in an isolated hanging heart model. The mitochondrial membrane potential of TGSUR2A-55 mice was less sensitive to ATP, diazoxide, and Ca2+ loading. These data suggest that the SUR2A-55 splice variant favorably affects mitochondrial function leading to cardioprotection. These data support a role for the regulation of mitoKATP activity by SUR2A-55.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohun Ramratnam
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States.,Cardiology Section, Medical Service, William. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Barrett Kenny
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - John W Kyle
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Brandi Wiedmeyer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Timothy A Hacker
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - David Y Barefield
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Elizabeth M McNally
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jonathan C Makielski
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
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29
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Possible role of mitochondrial K-ATP channel and nitric oxide in protection of the neonatal rat heart. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 450:35-42. [PMID: 29802596 PMCID: PMC6328520 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3370-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and ischemic postconditioning (IPoC) in adult hearts is mediated by mitochondrial-K-ATP channels and nitric oxide (NO). During early developmental period, rat hearts exhibit higher resistance to ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury and their resistance cannot be further increased by IPC or IPoC. Therefore, we have speculated, whether mechanisms responsible for high resistance of neonatal heart may be similar to those of IPC and IPoC. To test this hypothesis, rat hearts isolated on days 1, 4, 7, and 10 of postnatal life were perfused according to Langendorff. Developed force (DF) of contraction was measured. Hearts were exposed to 40 min of global ischemia followed by reperfusion up to the maximum recovery of DF. IPoC was induced by 5 cycles of 10-s ischemia. Mito-K-ATP blocker (5-HD) was administered 5 min before ischemia and during first 20 min of reperfusion. Another group of hearts was isolated for biochemical analysis of 3-nitrotyrosine, and serum samples were taken to measure nitrate levels. Tolerance to ischemia did not change from day 1 to day 4 but decreased on days 7 and 10. 5-HD had no effect either on neonatal resistance to I/R injury or on cardioprotective effect of IPoC on day 10. Significant difference was found in serum nitrate levels between days 1 and 10 but not in tissue 3-nitrotyrosine content. It can be concluded that while there appears to be significant difference of NO production, mito-K-ATP and ROS probably do not play role in the high neonatal resistance to I/R injury.
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30
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Cadenas S. ROS and redox signaling in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and cardioprotection. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 117:76-89. [PMID: 29373843 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 503] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is central to the pathology of major cardiovascular diseases, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. IR injury is mediated by several factors including the elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which occurs particularly at reperfusion. The mitochondrial respiratory chain and NADPH oxidases of the NOX family are major sources of ROS in cardiomyocytes. The first part of this review discusses recent findings and controversies on the mechanisms of superoxide production by the mitochondrial electron transport chain during IR injury, as well as the contribution of the NOX isoforms expressed in cardiomyocytes, NOX1, NOX2 and NOX4, to this damage. It then focuses on the effects of ROS on the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), an inner membrane non-selective pore that causes irreversible damage to the heart. The second part analyzes the redox mechanisms of cardiomyocyte mitochondrial protection; specifically, the activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway and the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2, which are both regulated by the cellular redox state. Redox mechanisms involved in ischemic preconditioning, one of the most effective ways of protecting the heart against IR injury, are also reviewed. Interestingly, several of these protective pathways converge on the inhibition of mPTP opening during reperfusion. Finally, the clinical and translational implications of these cardioprotective mechanisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Cadenas
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM) and Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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31
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Thijssen DHJ, Maxwell J, Green DJ, Cable NT, Jones H. Repeated ischaemic preconditioning: a novel therapeutic intervention and potential underlying mechanisms. Exp Physiol 2018; 101:677-92. [PMID: 26970535 DOI: 10.1113/ep085566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
What is the topic of this review? This review discusses the effects of repeated exposure of tissue to ischaemic preconditioning on cardiovascular function, the attendant adaptations and their potential clinical relevance. What advances does it highlight? We discuss the effects of episodic exposure to ischaemic preconditioning to prevent and/or attenuate ischaemic injury and summarize evidence pertaining to improvements in cardiovascular function and structure. Discussion is provided regarding the potential mechanisms that contribute to both local and systemic adaptation. Findings suggest that clinical benefits result from both the prevention of ischaemic events and the attenuation of their consequences. Ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) refers to the phenomenon whereby short periods of cyclical tissue ischaemia confer subsequent protection against ischaemia-induced injury. As a consequence, IPC can ameliorate the myocardial damage following infarction and can reduce infarct size. The ability of IPC to confer remote protection makes IPC a potentially feasible cardioprotective strategy. In this review, we discuss the concept that repeated exposure of tissue to IPC may increase the 'dose' of protection and subsequently lead to enhanced protection against ischaemia-induced myocardial injury. This may be relevant for clinical populations, who demonstrate attenuated efficacy of IPC to prevent or attenuate ischaemic injury (and therefore myocardial infarct size). Furthermore, episodic IPC facilitates repeated exposure to local (e.g. shear stress) and systemic stimuli (e.g. hormones, cytokines, blood-borne substances), which may induce improvement in vascular function and health. Such adaptation may contribute to prevention of cardio- and cerebrovascular events. The clinical benefits of repeated IPC may, therefore, result from both the prevention of ischaemic events and the attenuation of their consequences. We provide an overview of the literature pertaining to the impact of repeated IPC on cardiovascular function, related to both local and remote adaptation, as well as potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dick H J Thijssen
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph Maxwell
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Daniel J Green
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,School of Sports Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - N Timothy Cable
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,School of Sports Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Sport Science, Aspire Academy, Doha, Qatar
| | - Helen Jones
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Li P, Zhang C, Gao P, Chen X, Ma B, Yu D, Song Y, Wang Z. Metformin use and its effect on gastric cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review of observational studies. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:1191-1199. [PMID: 29391902 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that metformin use is associated with a decreased risk of cancer. The traditional therapies for gastric cancer (GC) are gastrectomy and chemoradiotherapy; however, these therapies may cause certain adverse effects, which affect a patient's quality of life, and the overall survival rate is low. At present, little is known about whether the use of metformin decreases the risk of GC in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, in the present study, a systematic review was performed to analyze the effect of metformin on GC. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases for articles published up to June 30th, 2016. The studies that evaluated GC patients treated with metformin and compared them with GC patients treated with other antidiabetic drugs were reviewed. Eligible studies were evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Adjusted hazard ratio and 95% confidence intervals were determined to evaluate the effect of metformin on GC. From the 422 articles evaluated, 5 studies involving a total of 1,804,479 patients met the inclusion criteria and were qualitatively analyzed. The quality of all selected articles was classified as moderate. These studies reported that the long-term use of metformin was associated with a lower risk of GC compared with the lack of use of metformin or the use of other hypoglycemic drugs. In GC patients with diabetes who were subjected to gastrectomy, the cumulative use of metformin reduced the rates of disease recurrence and of all-cause and cancer-specific mortality. Despite the limited number of studies on this subject, currently available evidence indicates that metformin is associated with a decreased risk of GC and improves survival in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, more well-designed trials are required to elucidate this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwen Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowan Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Bin Ma
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Dehao Yu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yongxi Song
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Zhenning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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Tuccori M, Convertino I, Galiulo MT, Marino A, Capogrosso-Sansone A, Blandizzi C. Diabetes drugs and the incidence of solid cancers: a survey of the current evidence. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2017; 16:1133-1148. [PMID: 28748718 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2017.1361401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The evaluation of the relationship between the use of antidiabetic drug and the occurrence of cancer is extremely challenging, both from the clinical and pharmacoepidemiological standpoint. This narrative review described the current evidence supporting a relationship between the use of antidiabetic drugs and the incidence of solid cancers. Areas covered: Data from pharmacoepidemiological studies on cancer incidence were presented for the main antidiabetic drugs and drug classes, including human insulin and insulin analogues, metformin, sulfonylureas, glinides, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, incretin mimetics, and sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors. The relationship between the use of antidiabetics and the incidence of solid cancer was described in strata by any cancer and by organ-specific cancer and by drug and by drug classes. Information supporting biological evidence and putative mechanisms were also provided. Expert opinion: The history of exploration of the relationship between antidiabetic drugs and the risk of solid cancers has showed several issues. Unrecognized biases and misinterpretations of study results have had important consequences that delayed the identification of actual risk and benefits of the use of antidiabetic drugs associated with cancer occurrence or progression. The lesson learned from the past should address the future research in this area, since in the majority of cases findings are controversial and confirmatory studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tuccori
- a Unit of Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring , University Hospital of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Irma Convertino
- b Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Galiulo
- b Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Alessandra Marino
- b Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | | | - Corrado Blandizzi
- a Unit of Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring , University Hospital of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.,b Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
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Shafiei-Irannejad V, Samadi N, Salehi R, Yousefi B, Zarghami N. New insights into antidiabetic drugs: Possible applications in cancer treatment. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 90:1056-1066. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Shafiei-Irannejad
- Stem Cell Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Nasser Samadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Roya Salehi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology; Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Stem Cell Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology; Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
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Gao R, Yang T, Xu W. Enemies or weapons in hands: investigational anti-diabetic drug glibenclamide and cancer risk. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2017; 26:853-864. [PMID: 28541801 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2017.1333104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence suggests that diabetes is associated with elevated cancer risk through the actions of hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and chronic inflammation. Metformin, a first-line medication for type 2 diabetes mellitus, arouses growing concerns on its anti-cancer effect. However, data regarding the effect of glibenclamide on tumor growth and cancer risk are less consistent, which may be a potential anti-cancer drug. Areas covered: In this review, we clarified probable underlying mechanisms in preclinical studies and reviewed epidemiological evidence on glibenclamide's cancer risk in clinical studies. Glibenclamide inhibited carcinogenesis through ATP-binding cassette protein super-family and ATP-sensitive potassium channels, while majority of clinical researches reported an increased or non-significant elevated cancer risk of glibenclamide users compared with metformin users. Other sulfonylureas and diarylsulfonylureas were also briefly introduced. Expert opinion: The inconsistency between the results of studies was probably ascribed to undiscovered mechanisms, confounding factors, inconsistent comparators and publication bias. Existing clinical trials were prone to be afflicted by time-related bias including immortal time bias, time-window bias, and time-lag bias. Glibenclimiade could be a promising and well-tolerated anti-neoplastic drug targeting ATP-binding cassette protein super-family and KATP channels, but its efficacy still needs to be proven in well-designed long-term randomized controlled clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gao
- a Department of Endocrinology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital , Nanjing , China
- b Department of Hematology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital , Nanjing , China
| | - Tao Yang
- a Department of Endocrinology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital , Nanjing , China
| | - Wei Xu
- b Department of Hematology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital , Nanjing , China
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Djafarzadeh S, Vuda M, Jeger V, Takala J, Jakob SM. The Effects of Fentanyl on Hepatic Mitochondrial Function. Anesth Analg 2017; 123:311-25. [PMID: 27089001 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000001280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remifentanil interferes with hepatic mitochondrial function. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether hepatic mitochondrial function is affected by fentanyl, a more widely used opioid than remifentanil. METHODS Human hepatoma HepG2 cells were exposed to fentanyl or pretreated with naloxone (an opioid receptor antagonist) or 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD, an inhibitor of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium [mitoKATP] channels), followed by incubation with fentanyl. Mitochondrial function and metabolism were then analyzed. RESULTS Fentanyl marginally reduced maximal mitochondrial complex-specific respiration rates using exogenous substrates (decrease in medians: 11%-18%; P = 0.003-0.001) but did not affect basal cellular respiration rates (P = 0.834). The effect on stimulated respiration was prevented by preincubation with naloxone or 5-HD. Fentanyl reduced cellular ATP content in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.001), an effect that was not significantly prevented by 5-HD and not explained by increased total ATPase concentration. However, in vitro ATPase activity of recombinant human permeability glycoprotein (an ATP-dependent drug efflux transporter) was significantly stimulated by fentanyl (P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that fentanyl reduces stimulated mitochondrial respiration of cultured human hepatocytes by a mechanism that is blocked by a mitoKATP channel antagonist. Increased energy requirements for fentanyl efflux transport may offer an explanation for the substantial decrease in cellular ATP concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Djafarzadeh
- From the *Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; and †Department of Clinical Research, Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Delay C, Paradis S, Charles AL, Thaveau F, Chenesseau B, Zoll J, Chakfe N, Geny B, Lejay A. [Skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion and ischemic conditioning pathophysiology-clinical applications for the vascular surgeon]. JOURNAL DE MEDECINE VASCULAIRE 2017; 42:29-38. [PMID: 27989659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmv.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion, which is characterized by deficient oxygen supply and subsequent restoration of blood flow, can cause irreversible damage to tissue. The vascular surgeon is daily faced with ischemia-reperfusion situations. Indeed, arterial clamping induces ischemia, followed by reperfusion when declamping. Mechanisms underlying ischemia-reperfusion injury are complex and multifactorial. Increases in cellular calcium and reactive oxygen species, initiated during ischemia and then amplified upon reperfusion are thought to be the main mediators of reperfusion injury. Mitochondrial dysfunction also plays an important role. Extensive research has focused on increasing skeletal muscle tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion injury, especially through the use of ischemic conditioning strategies. The purpose of this review is to focus on the cellular responses associated with ischemia-reperfusion, as well as to discuss the effects of ischemic conditioning strategies. This would help the vascular surgeon in daily practice, in order to try to improve surgical outcome in the setting of ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Delay
- Service de chirurgie vasculaire et transplantation rénale, nouvel hôpital civil, 1, place de l'Hôpital, BP 426, 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - S Paradis
- Unité EA 3072 « Mitochondries, stress oxydant et protection musculaire », université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Kirschleger, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - A L Charles
- Unité EA 3072 « Mitochondries, stress oxydant et protection musculaire », université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Kirschleger, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - F Thaveau
- Service de chirurgie vasculaire et transplantation rénale, nouvel hôpital civil, 1, place de l'Hôpital, BP 426, 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - B Chenesseau
- Service de chirurgie vasculaire et transplantation rénale, nouvel hôpital civil, 1, place de l'Hôpital, BP 426, 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - J Zoll
- Unité EA 3072 « Mitochondries, stress oxydant et protection musculaire », université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Kirschleger, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - N Chakfe
- Service de chirurgie vasculaire et transplantation rénale, nouvel hôpital civil, 1, place de l'Hôpital, BP 426, 67091 Strasbourg, France; Unité EA 3072 « Mitochondries, stress oxydant et protection musculaire », université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Kirschleger, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - B Geny
- Unité EA 3072 « Mitochondries, stress oxydant et protection musculaire », université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Kirschleger, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - A Lejay
- Service de chirurgie vasculaire et transplantation rénale, nouvel hôpital civil, 1, place de l'Hôpital, BP 426, 67091 Strasbourg, France; Unité EA 3072 « Mitochondries, stress oxydant et protection musculaire », université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Kirschleger, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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Muir LA, Murry CE, Chamberlain JS. Prosurvival Factors Improve Functional Engraftment of Myogenically Converted Dermal Cells into Dystrophic Skeletal Muscle. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1559-1569. [PMID: 27503462 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and other muscle wasting disorders, cell therapies are a promising route for promoting muscle regeneration by supplying a functional copy of the missing dystrophin gene and contributing new muscle fibers. The clinical application of cell-based therapies is resource intensive, and it will therefore be necessary to address key limitations that reduce cell engraftment into muscle tissue. A pressing issue is poor donor cell survival following transplantation, which in preclinical studies limits the ability to effectively test the impact of cell-based therapy on whole muscle function. We, therefore, sought to improve engraftment and the functional impact of in vivo myogenically converted dermal fibroblasts (dFbs) using a prosurvival cocktail (PSC) that includes heat shock followed by treatment with insulin-like growth factor-1, a caspase inhibitor, a Bcl-XL peptide, a KATP channel opener, basic fibroblast growth factor, Matrigel, and cyclosporine A. Advantages of dFbs include compatibility with the autologous setting, ease of isolation, and greater proliferative potential than DMD satellite cells. dFbs expressed tamoxifen-inducible MyoD and carried a mini-dystrophin gene driven by a muscle-specific promoter. After transplantation into muscles of mdx mice, a 70% reduction in donor cells was observed by day 5, and a 94% reduction by day 28. However, treatment with PSC gave a nearly three-fold increase in donor cells in early engraftment, and greatly increased the number of donor-contributed muscle fibers and total engrafted area in transplanted muscles. Furthermore, dystrophic muscles that received dFbs with PSC displayed reduced injury with eccentric contractions and an increase in maximum isometric force. Thus, enhancing survival of myogenic cells increases engraftment and improves structure and function of dystrophic muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A Muir
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
- 2 Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - Charles E Murry
- 3 Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
- 4 Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
- 5 Department of Pathology, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
- 6 Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
- 7 Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - Jeffrey S Chamberlain
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
- 8 Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
- 9 Department of Medicine/Medical Genetics, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
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Onukwufor JO, Stevens D, Kamunde C. Bioenergetic and volume regulatory effects of mitoKATP channel modulators protect against hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 219:2743-51. [PMID: 27358470 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.140186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K(+) (mitoKATP) channel plays a significant role in mitochondrial physiology and protects against ischemic reperfusion injury in mammals. Although fish frequently face oxygen fluctuations in their environment, the role of the mitoKATP channel in regulating the responses to oxygen stress is rarely investigated in this class of animals. To elucidate whether and how the mitoKATP channel protects against hypoxia-reoxygenation (H-R)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in fish, we first determined the mitochondrial bioenergetic effects of two key modulators of the channel, diazoxide and 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD), using a wide range of doses. Subsequently, the effects of low and high doses of the modulators on mitochondrial bioenergetics and volume under normoxia and after H-R using buffers with and without magnesium and ATP (Mg-ATP) were tested. In the absence of Mg-ATP (mitoKATP channel open), both low and high doses of diazoxide improved mitochondrial coupling, but only the high dose of 5-HD reversed the post-H-R coupling-enhancing effect of diazoxide. In the presence of Mg-ATP (mitoKATP channel closed), diazoxide at the low dose improved coupling post-H-R, and this effect was abolished by 5-HD at the low dose. Interestingly, both low and high doses of diazoxide reversed H-R-induced swelling under mitoKATP channel open conditions, but this effect was not sensitive to 5-HD. Under mitoKATP channel closed conditions, diazoxide at the low dose protected the mitochondria from H-R-induced swelling and 5-HD at the low dose reversed this effect. In contrast, diazoxide at the high dose failed to reduce the swelling caused by H-R, and the addition of the high dose of 5-HD enhanced mitochondrial swelling. Overall, our study showed that in the presence of Mg-ATP, both opening of mitoKATP channels and bioenergetic effects of diazoxide were protective against H-R in fish mitochondria, while in the absence of Mg-ATP only the bioenergetic effect of diazoxide was protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- John O Onukwufor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4P3
| | - Don Stevens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4P3
| | - Collins Kamunde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4P3
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Busija DW, Rutkai I, Dutta S, Katakam PV. Role of Mitochondria in Cerebral Vascular Function: Energy Production, Cellular Protection, and Regulation of Vascular Tone. Compr Physiol 2016; 6:1529-48. [PMID: 27347901 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c150051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria not only produce energy in the form of ATP to support the activities of cells comprising the neurovascular unit, but mitochondrial events, such as depolarization and/or ROS release, also initiate signaling events which protect the endothelium and neurons against lethal stresses via pre-/postconditioning as well as promote changes in cerebral vascular tone. Mitochondrial depolarization in vascular smooth muscle (VSM), via pharmacological activation of the ATP-dependent potassium channels on the inner mitochondrial membrane (mitoKATP channels), leads to vasorelaxation through generation of calcium sparks by the sarcoplasmic reticulum and subsequent downstream signaling mechanisms. Increased release of ROS by mitochondria has similar effects. Relaxation of VSM can also be indirectly achieved via actions of nitric oxide (NO) and other vasoactive agents produced by endothelium, perivascular and parenchymal nerves, and astroglia following mitochondrial activation. Additionally, NO production following mitochondrial activation is involved in neuronal preconditioning. Cerebral arteries from female rats have greater mitochondrial mass and respiration and enhanced cerebral arterial dilation to mitochondrial activators. Preexisting chronic conditions such as insulin resistance and/or diabetes impair mitoKATP channel relaxation of cerebral arteries and preconditioning. Surprisingly, mitoKATP channel function after transient ischemia appears to be retained in the endothelium of large cerebral arteries despite generalized cerebral vascular dysfunction. Thus, mitochondrial mechanisms may represent the elusive signaling link between metabolic rate and blood flow as well as mediators of vascular change according to physiological status. Mitochondrial mechanisms are an important, but underutilized target for improving vascular function and decreasing brain injury in stroke patients. © 2016 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 6:1529-1548, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Busija
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ibolya Rutkai
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Somhrita Dutta
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Prasad V Katakam
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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The effects of tadalafil and pentoxifylline on apoptosis and nitric oxide synthase in liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2016; 32:339-47. [PMID: 27450022 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of tadalafil (TDF) and pentoxifylline (PTX) on hepatic apoptosis and the expressions of endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthases (eNOS and iNOS) after liver ischemia/reperfusion (IR). Forty Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=8) as follows: sham group; IR group with ischemia/reperfusion alone; low-dose and high-dose TDF groups received 2.5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg TDF, respectively; and PTX group received 40 mg/kg PTX. Blood was collected for the analysis of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transferase, uric acid, malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). MDA and TAC also were measured in liver tissue. Histopathological examination was performed to assess the severity of hepatic injury. Apoptosis was evaluated using the apoptosis protease-activating factor 1 (APAF-1) antibody; the expressions of eNOS and iNOS were also assessed by immunohistochemistry in all groups. Serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transferase, uric acid, MDA, and TAC, tissue MDA and TAC levels, hepatic injury, and score for extent and for intensity of eNOS, iNOS, and apoptosis protease-activating factor 1 were significantly different in TDF and PTX groups compared to the IR group. High dose-TDF and PTX have the best protective effect on IR-induced liver tissue damage. This study showed that TDF and PTX supplementation may be helpful in preventing free oxygen radical damage, lipid peroxidation, hepatocyte necrosis, and apoptosis in liver IR injury and minimizing liver damage.
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Lejay A, Fang F, John R, Van JA, Barr M, Thaveau F, Chakfe N, Geny B, Scholey JW. Ischemia reperfusion injury, ischemic conditioning and diabetes mellitus. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 91:11-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Remote ischemic preconditioning mitigates myocardial and neurological dysfunction via K(ATP) channel activation in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock. Shock 2015; 42:228-33. [PMID: 25122082 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Severe hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation is a state of global body ischemia and reperfusion that causes myocardial and cerebral dysfunction. We investigated whether remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) would reduce myocardial and cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injuries after hemorrhagic shock as the result of the K(ATP) channel activation. Twenty-one male rats were randomized into three groups: RIPC, RIPC with K(ATP) channel blocker, and control. Remote ischemic preconditioning was induced by four cycles of 5 min of limb ischemia followed by reperfusion for 5 min. Hemorrhagic shock was induced by removing 50% of the estimated total blood volume during an interval of 1 h. Thirty minutes after the completion of bleeding, the animals were reinfused with shed blood during the ensuing 30 min. The animals were monitored for 2 h and observed for an additional 72 h. Myocardial function was measured by echocardiography, and sublingual microcirculation was measured by a sidestream dark-field imaging device at baseline, 1 h after bleeding, 30 min after the completion of bleeding, 30 min after reinfusion, and hourly intervals thereafter. The survival and neurological function were evaluated at 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after reinfusion. At 2 h after reinfusion, ejection fraction and myocardial performance index were significantly better in the RIPC group than in the control group (P < 0.01). The sublingual microvascular flow index and perfused vessel density were significantly greater after reinfusion in the RIPC group than that in the control group (P < 0.01). The duration of survival was significantly longer, and neurological deficit score was significantly better in the RIPC group than the control animals (P < 0.01). Pretreatment with the K(ATP) channel blocker (glibenclamide) completely abolished the myocardial and cerebral protective effects of RIPC. We demonstrate, for the first time, that after severe hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation, RIPC mitigated myocardial and neurological dysfunction with improved survival by activation of the K(ATP) channel.
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Necroptotic Cell Death Signaling and Execution Pathway: Lessons from Knockout Mice. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:128076. [PMID: 26491219 PMCID: PMC4600508 DOI: 10.1155/2015/128076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Under stress conditions, cells in living tissue die by apoptosis or necrosis depending on the activation of the key molecules within a dying cell that either transduce cell survival or death signals that actively destroy the sentenced cell. Multiple extracellular (pH, heat, oxidants, and detergents) or intracellular (DNA damage and Ca(2+) overload) stress conditions trigger various types of the nuclear, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), cytoplasmatic, and mitochondrion-centered signaling events that allow cells to preserve the DNA integrity, protein folding, energetic, ionic and redox homeostasis, thus escaping from injury. Along the transition from reversible to irreversible injury, death signaling is highly heterogeneous and damaged cells may engage autophagy, apoptotic, or necrotic cell death programs. Studies on multiple double- and triple- knockout mice identified caspase-8, flip, and fadd genes as key regulators of embryonic lethality and inflammation. Caspase-8 has a critical role in pro- and antinecrotic signaling pathways leading to the activation of receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), RIPK3, and the mixed kinase domain-like (MLKL) for a convergent execution pathway of necroptosis or regulated necrosis. Here we outline the recent discoveries into how the necrotic cell death execution pathway is engaged in many physiological and pathological outcome based on genetic analysis of knockout mice.
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Petruş A, Duicu OM, Sturza A, Noveanu L, Kiss L, Dănilă M, Baczkó I, Muntean DM, Jost N. Modulation of mitochondrial respiratory function and ROS production by novel benzopyran analogues. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:811-8. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A substantial body of evidence indicates that pharmacological activation of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels (mKATP) in the heart is protective in conditions associated with ischemia/reperfusion injury. Several mechanisms have been postulated to be responsible for cardioprotection, including the modulation of mitochondrial respiratory function. The aim of the present study was to characterize the dose-dependent effects of novel synthetic benzopyran analogues, derived from a BMS-191095, a selective mKATP opener, on mitochondrial respiration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in isolated rat heart mitochondria. Mitochondrial respiratory function was assessed by high-resolution respirometry, and H2O2 production was measured by the Amplex Red fluorescence assay. Four compounds, namely KL-1487, KL-1492, KL-1495, and KL-1507, applied in increasing concentrations (50, 75, 100, and 150 μmol/L, respectively) were investigated. When added in the last two concentrations, all compounds significantly increased State 2 and 4 respiratory rates, an effect that was not abolished by 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD, 100 μmol/L), the classic mKATP inhibitor. The highest concentration also elicited an important decrease of the oxidative phosphorylation in a K+ independent manner. Both concentrations of 100 and 150 μmol/L for KL-1487, KL-1492, and KL-1495, and the concentration of 150 μmol/L for KL-1507, respectively, mitigated the mitochondrial H2O2 release. In isolated rat heart mitochondria, the novel benzopyran analogues act as protonophoric uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation and decrease the generation of reactive oxygen species in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Petruş
- Department of Pathophysiology, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timişoara, 14, Tudor Vladimirescu st. 300173 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Oana M. Duicu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timişoara, Romania
| | - Adrian Sturza
- Department of Pathophysiology, Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timişoara, Romania
| | - Lavinia Noveanu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timişoara, Romania
| | - Loránd Kiss
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Maria Dănilă
- Department of Pathophysiology, Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timişoara, Romania
| | - István Baczkó
- Department of Pathophysiology, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timişoara, 14, Tudor Vladimirescu st. 300173 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Danina M. Muntean
- Department of Pathophysiology, Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timişoara, Romania
| | - Norbert Jost
- Department of Pathophysiology, Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timişoara, Romania
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de Lima Portella R, Lynn Bickta J, Shiva S. Nitrite Confers Preconditioning and Cytoprotection After Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through the Modulation of Mitochondrial Function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:307-27. [PMID: 26094636 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Nitrite is now recognized as an intrinsic signaling molecule that mediates a number of biological processes. One of the most reproducible effects of nitrite is its ability to mediate cytoprotection after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). This robust phenomenon has been reproduced by a number of investigators in varying animal models focusing on different target organs. Furthermore, nitrite's cytoprotective versatility is highlighted by its ability to mediate delayed preconditioning and remote conditioning in addition to acute protection. RECENT ADVANCES In the last 10 years, significant progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms underlying nitrite-mediated ischemic tolerance. CRITICAL ISSUES The mitochondrion, which is essential to both the progression of I/R injury and the protection afforded by preconditioning, has emerged as a major subcellular target for nitrite. This review will outline the role of the mitochondrion in I/R injury and preconditioning, review the accumulated preclinical studies demonstrating nitrite-mediated cytoprotection, and finally focus on the known interactions of nitrite with mitochondria and their role in the mechanism of nitrite-mediated ischemic tolerance. FUTURE DIRECTIONS These studies set the stage for current clinical trials testing the efficacy of nitrite to prevent warm and cold I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael de Lima Portella
- 1 Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Janelle Lynn Bickta
- 1 Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sruti Shiva
- 1 Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,3 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,4 Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Badalzadeh R, Mokhtari B, Yavari R. Contribution of apoptosis in myocardial reperfusion injury and loss of cardioprotection in diabetes mellitus. J Physiol Sci 2015; 65:201-15. [PMID: 25726180 PMCID: PMC10717803 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-015-0365-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is one of the major causes of death worldwide. Ischemia is a condition in which blood flow of the myocardium declines, leading to cardiomyocyte death. However, reperfusion of ischemic regions decreases the rate of mortality, but it can also cause later complications. In a clinical setting, ischemic heart disease is always coincident with other co-morbidities such as diabetes. The risk of heart disease increases 2-3 times in diabetic patients. Apoptosis is considered to be one of the main pathophysiological mechanisms of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Diabetes can disrupt the anti-apoptotic intracellular signaling cascades involved in myocardial protection. Therefore, targeting these changes may be an effective cardioprotective approach in the diabetic myocardium against ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this article, we review the interaction of diabetes with the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, focusing on the contribution of apoptosis in this context, and then discuss the alterations of pro-apoptotic or anti-apoptotic pathways probably responsible for the loss of cardioprotection in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Badalzadeh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behnaz Mokhtari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Raana Yavari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Closure of mitochondrial potassium channels favors opening of the Tl+-induced permeability transition pore in Ca2+-loaded rat liver mitochondria. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2015; 47:243-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-015-9611-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Abstract
Reperfusion is mandatory to salvage ischemic myocardium from infarction, but reperfusion per se contributes to injury and ultimate infarct size. Therefore, cardioprotection beyond that by timely reperfusion is needed to reduce infarct size and improve the prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction. The conditioning phenomena provide such cardioprotection, insofar as brief episodes of coronary occlusion/reperfusion preceding (ischemic preconditioning) or following (ischemic postconditioning) sustained myocardial ischemia with reperfusion reduce infarct size. Even ischemia/reperfusion in organs remote from the heart provides cardioprotection (remote ischemic conditioning). The present review characterizes the signal transduction underlying the conditioning phenomena, including their physical and chemical triggers, intracellular signal transduction, and effector mechanisms, notably in the mitochondria. Cardioprotective signal transduction appears as a highly concerted spatiotemporal program. Although the translation of ischemic postconditioning and remote ischemic conditioning protocols to patients with acute myocardial infarction has been fairly successful, the pharmacological recruitment of cardioprotective signaling has been largely disappointing to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Heusch
- From the Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Centre, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany.
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