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Mergenthaler P, Balami JS, Neuhaus AA, Mottahedin A, Albers GW, Rothwell PM, Saver JL, Young ME, Buchan AM. Stroke in the Time of Circadian Medicine. Circ Res 2024; 134:770-790. [PMID: 38484031 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.323508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Time-of-day significantly influences the severity and incidence of stroke. Evidence has emerged not only for circadian governance over stroke risk factors, but also for important determinants of clinical outcome. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the interplay between chronobiology and cerebrovascular disease. We discuss circadian regulation of pathophysiological mechanisms underlying stroke onset or tolerance as well as in vascular dementia. This includes cell death mechanisms, metabolism, mitochondrial function, and inflammation/immunity. Furthermore, we present clinical evidence supporting the link between disrupted circadian rhythms and increased susceptibility to stroke and dementia. We propose that circadian regulation of biochemical and physiological pathways in the brain increase susceptibility to damage after stroke in sleep and attenuate treatment effectiveness during the active phase. This review underscores the importance of considering circadian biology for understanding the pathology and treatment choice for stroke and vascular dementia and speculates that considering a patient's chronotype may be an important factor in developing precision treatment following stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Mergenthaler
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin (P.M., A.M.B.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology (P.M.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- Stroke Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (P.M., J.S.B., A.A.N., A.M., A.M.B.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC (CIRCA) (P.M., J.S.B., A.A.N., A.M., G.W.A., P.M.R., J.L.S., M.E.Y., A.M.B.)
| | - Joyce S Balami
- Stroke Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (P.M., J.S.B., A.A.N., A.M., A.M.B.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC (CIRCA) (P.M., J.S.B., A.A.N., A.M., G.W.A., P.M.R., J.L.S., M.E.Y., A.M.B.)
| | - Ain A Neuhaus
- Stroke Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (P.M., J.S.B., A.A.N., A.M., A.M.B.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom (A.A.N.)
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC (CIRCA) (P.M., J.S.B., A.A.N., A.M., G.W.A., P.M.R., J.L.S., M.E.Y., A.M.B.)
| | - Amin Mottahedin
- Stroke Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (P.M., J.S.B., A.A.N., A.M., A.M.B.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (A.M., P.M.R.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC (CIRCA) (P.M., J.S.B., A.A.N., A.M., G.W.A., P.M.R., J.L.S., M.E.Y., A.M.B.)
| | - Gregory W Albers
- Department of Neurology, Stanford Hospital, Palo Alto, CA (G.W.A.)
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC (CIRCA) (P.M., J.S.B., A.A.N., A.M., G.W.A., P.M.R., J.L.S., M.E.Y., A.M.B.)
| | - Peter M Rothwell
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (A.M., P.M.R.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.R.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC (CIRCA) (P.M., J.S.B., A.A.N., A.M., G.W.A., P.M.R., J.L.S., M.E.Y., A.M.B.)
| | - Jeffrey L Saver
- Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center, Geffen School of Medicine, University of Los Angeles, CA (J.L.S.)
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC (CIRCA) (P.M., J.S.B., A.A.N., A.M., G.W.A., P.M.R., J.L.S., M.E.Y., A.M.B.)
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (M.E.Y.)
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC (CIRCA) (P.M., J.S.B., A.A.N., A.M., G.W.A., P.M.R., J.L.S., M.E.Y., A.M.B.)
| | - Alastair M Buchan
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin (P.M., A.M.B.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- Stroke Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (P.M., J.S.B., A.A.N., A.M., A.M.B.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC (CIRCA) (P.M., J.S.B., A.A.N., A.M., G.W.A., P.M.R., J.L.S., M.E.Y., A.M.B.)
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2
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Kara N, Iweka CA, Blacher E. Chrono-Gerontology: Integrating Circadian Rhythms and Aging in Stroke Research. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300048. [PMID: 37409422 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a significant public health concern for elderly individuals. However, the majority of pre-clinical studies utilize young and healthy rodents, which may result in failure of candidate therapies in clinical trials. In this brief review/perspective, the complex link between circadian rhythms, aging, innate immunity, and the gut microbiome to ischemic injury onset, progression, and recovery is discussed. Short-chain fatty acids and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+ (NAD+ ) production by the gut microbiome are highlighted as key mechanisms with profound rhythmic behavior, and it is suggested to boost them as prophylactic/therapeutic approaches. Integrating aging, its associated comorbidities, and circadian regulation of physiological processes into stroke research may increase the translational value of pre-clinical studies and help to schedule the optimal time window for existing practices to improve stroke outcome and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirit Kara
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus Givat-Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Chinyere Agbaegbu Iweka
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Eran Blacher
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus Givat-Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
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3
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Geng YJ, Smolensky M, Sum-Ping O, Hermida R, Castriotta RJ. Circadian rhythms of risk factors and management in atherosclerotic and hypertensive vascular disease: Modern chronobiological perspectives of an ancient disease. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:33-62. [PMID: 35758140 PMCID: PMC10355310 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2080557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the arteries that appears to have been as prevalent in ancient as in modern civilizations, is predisposing to life-threatening and life-ending cardiac and vascular complications, such as myocardial and cerebral infarctions. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis involves intima plaque buildup caused by vascular endothelial dysfunction, cholesterol deposition, smooth muscle proliferation, inflammatory cell infiltration and connective tissue accumulation. Hypertension is an independent and controllable risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Conversely, atherosclerosis hardens the arterial wall and raises arterial blood pressure. Many CVD patients experience both atherosclerosis and hypertension and are prescribed medications to concurrently mitigate the two disease conditions. A substantial number of publications document that many pathophysiological changes caused by atherosclerosis and hypertension occur in a manner dependent upon circadian clocks or clock gene products. This article reviews progress in the research of circadian regulation of vascular cell function, inflammation, hemostasis and atherothrombosis. In particular, it delineates the relationship of circadian organization with signal transduction and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system as well as disturbance of the sleep/wake circadian rhythm, as exemplified by shift work, metabolic syndromes and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), as promoters and mechanisms of atherogenesis and risk for non-fatal and fatal CVD outcomes. This article additionally updates advances in the clinical management of key biological processes of atherosclerosis to optimally achieve suppression of atherogenesis through chronotherapeutic control of atherogenic/hypertensive pathological sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jian Geng
- The Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Smolensky
- The Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Oliver Sum-Ping
- The Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ramon Hermida
- Bioengineering & Chronobiology Laboratories, Atlantic Research Center for Telecommunication Technologies (atlanTTic), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Richard J. Castriotta
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck Medical School, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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The Effect of Diet on the Cardiac Circadian Clock in Mice: A Systematic Review. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121273. [PMID: 36557311 PMCID: PMC9786298 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms play important roles in regulating physiological and behavioral processes. These are adjusted by environmental cues, such as diet, which acts by synchronizing or attenuating the circadian rhythms of peripheral clocks, such as the liver, intestine, pancreas, white and brown adipose tissue, lungs, kidneys, as well as the heart. Some studies point to the influence of diet composition, feeding timing, and dietary restriction on metabolic homeostasis and circadian rhythms at various levels. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to discuss studies addressing the effect of diet on the heart clock in animal models and, additionally, the chronodisruption of the clock and its relation to the development of cardiovascular disorders in the last 15 years. A search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases. The PRISMA guide was used to construct the article. Nineteen studies met all inclusion and exclusion criteria. In summary, these studies have linked the circadian clock to cardiovascular health and suggested that maintaining a robust circadian system may reduce the risks of cardiometabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The effect of time-of-day-dependent eating on the modulation of circadian rhythms of the cardiac clock and energy homeostasis is notable, among its deleterious effects predominantly in the sleep (light) phase and/or at the end of the active phase.
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5
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Hetman M, Slomnicki L, Hodges E, Ohri SS, Whittemore SR. Role of circadian rhythms in pathogenesis of acute CNS injuries: Insights from experimental studies. Exp Neurol 2022; 353:114080. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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6
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Wang W, Duan X, Huang Z, Pan Q, Chen C, Guo L. The GH-IGF-1 Axis in Circadian Rhythm. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:742294. [PMID: 34566581 PMCID: PMC8458700 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.742294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms have developed common behavioral and physiological adaptations to the influence of the day/night cycle. The CLOCK system forms an internal circadian rhythm in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) during light/dark input. The SCN may synchronize the growth hormone (GH) secretion rhythm with the dimming cycle through somatostatin neurons, and the change of the clock system may be related to the pulsatile release of GH. The GH-insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) axis and clock system may interact further on the metabolism through regulatory pathways in peripheral organs. We have summarized the current clinical and animal evidence on the interaction of clock systems with the GH-IGF-1 axis and discussed their effects on metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoye Duan
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengxiang Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Qi Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lixin Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Lo EH, Albers GW, Dichgans M, Donnan G, Esposito E, Foster R, Howells DW, Huang YG, Ji X, Klerman EB, Lee S, Li W, Liebeskind DS, Lizasoain I, Mandeville ET, Moro MA, Ning M, Ray D, Sakadžić S, Saver JL, Scheer FAJL, Selim M, Tiedt S, Zhang F, Buchan AM. Circadian Biology and Stroke. Stroke 2021; 52:2180-2190. [PMID: 33940951 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.031742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Circadian biology modulates almost all aspects of mammalian physiology, disease, and response to therapies. Emerging data suggest that circadian biology may significantly affect the mechanisms of susceptibility, injury, recovery, and the response to therapy in stroke. In this review/perspective, we survey the accumulating literature and attempt to connect molecular, cellular, and physiological pathways in circadian biology to clinical consequences in stroke. Accounting for the complex and multifactorial effects of circadian rhythm may improve translational opportunities for stroke diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eng H Lo
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Departments of Radiology (E.H.L., E.E., W.L., E.T.M., S.S., F.Z.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Gregory W Albers
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Department of Neurology, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto (G.W.A., S.L.)
| | - Martin Dichgans
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich) and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany (M.D.).,Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany (M.D., S.T.)
| | - Geoffrey Donnan
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Australia (G.D.)
| | - Elga Esposito
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Departments of Radiology (E.H.L., E.E., W.L., E.T.M., S.S., F.Z.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Russell Foster
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.F.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David W Howells
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Australia (D.W.H.)
| | - Yi-Ge Huang
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Department of Stroke Medicine (Y.H., A.M.B.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Xunming Ji
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, China (X.J.)
| | - Elizabeth B Klerman
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Neurology (E.B.K., M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Sarah Lee
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Department of Neurology, Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto (G.W.A., S.L.)
| | - Wenlu Li
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Departments of Radiology (E.H.L., E.E., W.L., E.T.M., S.S., F.Z.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - David S Liebeskind
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Department of Neurology, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (J.L.S., D.S.L.)
| | - Ignacio Lizasoain
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Complutense Medical School, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain (I.L.)
| | - Emiri T Mandeville
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Departments of Radiology (E.H.L., E.E., W.L., E.T.M., S.S., F.Z.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Maria A Moro
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC, Madrid, Spain (M.A.M.)
| | - MingMing Ning
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Neurology (E.B.K., M.N.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - David Ray
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, and Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (D.R.)
| | - Sava Sakadžić
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Departments of Radiology (E.H.L., E.E., W.L., E.T.M., S.S., F.Z.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Jeffrey L Saver
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Department of Neurology, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (J.L.S., D.S.L.)
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital (F.A.J.L.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Magdy Selim
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (M.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Steffen Tiedt
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany (M.D., S.T.)
| | - Fang Zhang
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Departments of Radiology (E.H.L., E.E., W.L., E.T.M., S.S., F.Z.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Alastair M Buchan
- CIRCA consortium (E.H.L., G.W.A., M.D., G.D., E.E., R.F., D.W.H., Y-G.H., X.J., E.B.K., S.L., W.L., D.S.L., I.L., E.T.M., M.A.M., M.N., D.R., S.S., J.L.S., F.A.J.L.S., M.S., S.T., F.Z., A.M.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Department of Stroke Medicine (Y.H., A.M.B.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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8
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Cash E, Sephton S, Woolley C, Elbehi AM, R I A, Ekine-Afolabi B, Kok VC. The role of the circadian clock in cancer hallmark acquisition and immune-based cancer therapeutics. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:119. [PMID: 33794967 PMCID: PMC8017624 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01919-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian system temporally regulates physiology to maintain homeostasis. Co-opting and disrupting circadian signals appear to be distinct attributes that are functionally important for the development of a tumor and can enable or give rise to the hallmarks that tumors use to facilitate their initiation, growth and progression. Because circadian signals are also strong regulators of immune cell proliferation, trafficking and exhaustion states, they play a role in how tumors respond to immune-based cancer therapeutics. While immuno-oncology has heralded a paradigm shift in cancer therapeutics, greater accuracy is needed to increase our capability of predicting who will respond favorably to, or who is likely to experience the troubling adverse effects of, immunotherapy. Insights into circadian signals may further refine our understanding of biological determinants of response and help answer the fundamental question of whether certain perturbations in circadian signals interfere with the activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Here we review the body of literature highlighting circadian disruption as a cancer promoter and synthesize the burgeoning evidence suggesting circadian signals play a role in how tumors respond to immune-based anti-cancer therapeutics. The goal is to develop a framework to advance our understanding of the relationships between circadian markers, cancer biology, and immunotherapeutics. Bolstered by this new understanding, these relationships may then be pursued in future clinical studies to improve our ability to predict which patients will respond favorably to, and avoid the adverse effects of, traditional and immune-based cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Cash
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, 529 S Jackson Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Sandra Sephton
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Cassandra Woolley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Attia M Elbehi
- Department of Oncology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anu R I
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, MVR Cancer Center and Research Institute, Kerala, India
| | - Bene Ekine-Afolabi
- ZEAB Therapeutic Ltd, London, UK
- Department of Health, Sport & Bioscience, University of East London, Stratford, UK
| | - Victor C Kok
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kuang Tien General Hospital Cancer Center, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University Taiwan, Taichung, Taiwan
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9
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Chen L, Li S, Nie J, Zhao J, Yu S, Li Y, Peng J. Bmal1 Regulates Coagulation Factor Biosynthesis in Mouse Liver in Streptococcus oralis Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:530190. [PMID: 33042871 PMCID: PMC7525050 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.530190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus oralis (S. oralis) has been recognized as a fatal pathogen to cause multiorgan failure by contributing to the formation of microthrombus. Coagulation and fibrinolysis systems have been found under the control of circadian clock genes. This study aimed to explore the correlation between BMAL1 and coagulation factor biosynthesis in S. oralis infection. Mice were administered S. oralis to induce sepsis, and HepG2 cells were also infected by S. oralis. The expression of BMAL1 of hepatocytes was downregulated in the S. oralis infection group, leading to the downregulation of coagulation factor VII (FVII) and the upregulation of the coagulation factor XII (FXII) in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we confirmed that the deficiency of BAML1 contributed to the elevation of FVII and the decline in FXII by constructing BMAL1-deficiency (Bmal1-/-) mice. The current result showed that BMAL1 regulates FVII directly. Thus, a novel insight into the coagulation abnormality in S. oralis infection was gained that may optimize the treatment of sepsis by rescuing the expression of BMAL1 in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shue Li
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaming Nie
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiajia Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoling Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaoxu Li
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinfeng Peng
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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10
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Rajendran S, Barbon S, Pucciarelli S. Spotlight on Circadian Genes and Colorectal Cancer Crosstalk. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:4-11. [PMID: 32579510 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200624192517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian physiology is regulated by circadian clock through oscillating feedback loops controlling cellular processes and behaviors. Recent findings have led to an interesting connection between circadian disruption and colorectal cancer progression and incidence through controlling the hallmarks of cancer, namely cell cycle, cell metabolism and cell death. Deeper understanding of the circadian mechanisms that define the colorectal cancer pathophysiology is the need of the hour to define a chronotherapy for improving colorectal cancer patient survival. This review identifies the key areas in which circadian genes interact with cellular pathways to modify the outcome with respect to colorectal cancer incidence and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Barbon
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pucciarelli
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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11
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Soares AC, Fonseca DA. Cardiovascular diseases: a therapeutic perspective around the clock. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:1086-1098. [PMID: 32320853 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Biological rhythms are a ubiquitous feature of life. Most bodily functions, including physiological, biochemical, and behavioral processes, are coupled by the circadian rhythm. In the cardiovascular system, circadian fluctuations regulate several functions, namely heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac contractility, and metabolism. In fact, current lifestyles impose external timing constraints that clash with our internal circadian physiology, often increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Still, the mechanisms of dysregulation are not fully understood because this is a growing area of research. In this review, we explore the modulatory role of the circadian rhythms on cardiovascular function and disease as well as the role of chronotherapy in the context of CVD and how such an approach could improve existing therapies and assist in the development of new ones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diogo A Fonseca
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
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12
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Carmona P, Mendez N, Ili CG, Brebi P. The Role of Clock Genes in Fibrinolysis Regulation: Circadian Disturbance and Its Effect on Fibrinolytic Activity. Front Physiol 2020; 11:129. [PMID: 32231582 PMCID: PMC7083126 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The fibrinolytic system is critical during the onset of fibrinolysis, a fundamental mechanism for fibrin degradation. Both tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) trigger fibrinolysis, leading to proteolytic activation of plasminogen to plasmin and subsequently fibrin proteolysis. This system is regulated by several inhibitors; plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), the most studied, binds to and inactivates both tPA and uPA. Through the action of plasmin, this system regulates several physiological processes: embryogenesis, activation of inflammatory cells, cell proliferation and death, synaptic plasticity, wound healing, and others. The deregulated intervention of fibrinolysis in the pathophysiology of various diseases has been widely studied; findings of altered functioning have been reported in different chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD), reinforcing its pleiotropic character and the importance of its physiology and regulation. The evidence indicates that fundamental elements of the fibrinolytic system, such as tPA and PAI-1, show a circadian rhythm in their plasmatic levels and their gene expression are regulated by circadian system elements, known as clock genes – Bmal, Clock, Cry-, and accessory clock genes such as Rev-Erb and Ror. The disturbance in the molecular machinery of the clock by exposure to light during the night alters the natural light/dark cycle and causes disruption of the circadian rhythm. Such exposure affects the synchronization and functioning of peripheral clocks responsible for the expression of the components of the fibrinolytic system. So, this circadian disturbance could be critical in the pathophysiology of chronic diseases where this system has been found to be deregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Carmona
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Center for Excellence in Translational Medicine, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Natalia Mendez
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carmen G Ili
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Center for Excellence in Translational Medicine, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Priscilla Brebi
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Center for Excellence in Translational Medicine, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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13
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Dimova EY, Jakupovic M, Kubaichuk K, Mennerich D, Chi TF, Tamanini F, Oklejewicz M, Hänig J, Byts N, Mäkelä KA, Herzig KH, Koivunen P, Chaves I, van der Horst G, Kietzmann T. The Circadian Clock Protein CRY1 Is a Negative Regulator of HIF-1α. iScience 2019; 13:284-304. [PMID: 30875610 PMCID: PMC6416729 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock and the hypoxia-signaling pathway are regulated by an integrated interplay of positive and negative feedback limbs that incorporate energy homeostasis and carcinogenesis. We show that the negative circadian regulator CRY1 is also a negative regulator of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). Mechanistically, CRY1 interacts with the basic-helix-loop-helix domain of HIF-1α via its tail region. Subsequently, CRY1 reduces HIF-1α half-life and binding of HIFs to target gene promoters. This appeared to be CRY1 specific because genetic disruption of CRY1, but not CRY2, affected the hypoxia response. Furthermore, CRY1 deficiency could induce cellular HIF levels, proliferation, and migration, which could be reversed by CRISPR/Cas9- or short hairpin RNA-mediated HIF knockout. Altogether, our study provides a mechanistic explanation for genetic association studies linking a disruption of the circadian clock with hypoxia-associated processes such as carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elitsa Y Dimova
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Mirza Jakupovic
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Kateryna Kubaichuk
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Daniela Mennerich
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Tabughang Franklin Chi
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Filippo Tamanini
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Małgorzata Oklejewicz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jens Hänig
- Novartis Pharma GmbH, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nadiya Byts
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Kari A Mäkelä
- Biocenter Oulu, Department of Physiology, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Biocenter Oulu, Department of Physiology, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Peppi Koivunen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Ines Chaves
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gijsbertus van der Horst
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Kietzmann
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
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14
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Fletcher ELK, Kanki M, Morgan J, Ray DW, Delbridge L, Fuller PJ, Clyne CD, Young MJ. Cardiomyocyte transcription is controlled by combined MR and circadian clock signalling. J Endocrinol 2019; 241:JOE-18-0584.R3. [PMID: 30689544 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We previously identified a critical pathogenic role for MR activation in cardiomyocytes that included a potential interaction between the MR and the molecular circadian clock. While glucocorticoid regulation of the circadian clock is undisputed, MR interactions with circadian clock signalling are limited. We hypothesised that the MR influences cardiac circadian clock signalling, and vice versa. 10nM aldosterone or corticosterone regulated CRY 1, PER1, PER2 and ReverbA (NR1D1) gene expression patterns in H9c2 cells over 24hr. MR-dependent regulation of circadian gene promoters containing GREs and E-box sequences was established for CLOCK, Bmal, CRY 1 and CRY2, PER1 and PER2 and transcriptional activators CLOCK and Bmal modulated MR-dependent transcription of a subset of these promoters. We also demonstrated differential regulation of MR target gene expression in hearts of mice 4hr after administration of aldosterone at 8AM versus 8PM. Our data support combined MR regulation of a subset of circadian genes and that endogenous circadian transcription factors CLOCK and Bmal modulate this response. This unsuspected relationship links MR in the heart to circadian rhythmicity at the molecular level and has important implications for the biology of MR signalling in response to aldosterone as well as cortisol. These data are consistent with MR signalling in the brain where, like the heart, it preferentially responds to cortisol. Given the undisputed requirement for diurnal cortisol release in the entrainment of peripheral clocks, the present study highlights the MR as an important mechanism for transducing the circadian actions of cortisol in addition to the GR in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- ELizabeth K Fletcher
- E Fletcher, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tuft Medical Centre, Boston, United States
| | - Monica Kanki
- M Kanki, Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - James Morgan
- J Morgan, Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David W Ray
- D Ray, Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Lea Delbridge
- L Delbridge, Dept Of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, xxx, Australia
| | - Peter James Fuller
- P Fuller, Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Colin D Clyne
- C Clyne , Cancer Drug Discovery, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia
| | - Morag J Young
- M Young, Cardiovascular Endocrinology, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, 3166, Australia
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15
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Oishi K, Ohkura N, Yasumoto Y, Yamamoto S. Circadian fluctuations in circulating plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 are independent of feeding cycles in mice. Chronobiol Int 2016; 34:254-259. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2016.1256299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsutaka Oishi
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoki Ohkura
- Molecular Physiology and Pathology, School of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Yasumoto
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Saori Yamamoto
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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16
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Palmieri O, Mazzoccoli G, Bossa F, Maglietta R, Palumbo O, Ancona N, Corritore G, Latiano T, Martino G, Rubino R, Biscaglia G, Scimeca D, Carella M, Annese V, Andriulli A, Latiano A. Systematic analysis of circadian genes using genome-wide cDNA microarrays in the inflammatory bowel disease transcriptome. Chronobiol Int 2016; 32:903-16. [PMID: 26172092 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2015.1050726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous analysis of the transcripts of thousands of genes by cDNA microarrays allows the identification of genetic regulatory mechanisms involved in disease pathophysiology. The circadian clock circuitry controls essential cell processes and the functioning of organ systems, which are characterized by rhythmic variations with 24-hour periodicity. The derangement of these processes is involved in the basic mechanisms of inflammatory, metabolic, degenerative and neoplastic diseases. We evaluated by genome-wide cDNA microarray analysis the transcriptome of endoscopic mucosal biopsies of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) focusing on the expression of circadian genes in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Twenty-nine IBD patients (15 with CD and 14 with UC) were enrolled and mucosal biopsies were sampled at either inflamed or adjacent non-inflamed areas of the colon. A total of 150 circadian genes involved in pathways controlling crucial cell processes and tissue functions were investigated. In CD specimens 50 genes were differentially expressed, and 21 genes resulted up-regulated when compared to healthy colonic mucosa. In UC specimens 50 genes were differentially expressed, and 27 genes resulted up-regulated when compared to healthy colonic mucosa. Among the core clock genes ARNTL2 and RORA were up-regulated, while CSNK2B, NPAS2, PER1 and PER3 were down-regulated in CD specimens. Conversely, ARNTL2, CRY1, CSNK1E, RORA and TIPIN were up-regulated, while NR1D2 and PER3 were down-regulated in UC. In conclusion, in CD and UC patients there are differences in the expression of circadian genes between normal and diseased intestinal mucosa. The deregulated genes evidenced by transcriptome analysis in the major IBDs may play a crucial role in the pathophysiological mechanisms and may suggest novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orazio Palmieri
- a Department of Medical Sciences , Division of Gastroenterology and
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17
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Zhou D, Wang Y, Chen L, Jia L, Yuan J, Sun M, Zhang W, Wang P, Zuo J, Xu Z, Luan J. Evolving roles of circadian rhythms in liver homeostasis and pathology. Oncotarget 2016; 7:8625-39. [PMID: 26843619 PMCID: PMC4890992 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian clock in mammals is determined by a core oscillator in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus and synchronized peripheral clocks in other tissues. The coherent timing systems could sustain robust output of circadian rhythms in response to the entrainment controlled environmentally. Disparate approaches have discovered that clock genes and clock-controlled genes (CCGs) exist in nearly all mammalian cell types and are essential for establishing the mechanisms and complexity of internal time-keeping systems. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the control of homeostasis and pathology in the liver involves intricate loops of transcriptional and post-translational regulation of clock genes expression. This review will focus on the recent advances with great importance concerning clock rhythms linking liver homeostasis and diseases. We particularly highlight what is currently known of the evolving insights into the mechanisms underlying circadian clock . Eventually , findings during recent years in the field might prompt new circadian-related chronotherapeutic strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases by coupling these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexi Zhou
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Pharmacy in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Pharmacy in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Pharmacy in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Leijuan Jia
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Pharmacy in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Pharmacy in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Mei Sun
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Pharmacy in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Pharmacy in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Pharmacy in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jian Zuo
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Pharmacy in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhenyu Xu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Pharmacy in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jiajie Luan
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Pharmacy in Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
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Ishibashi K, Nehashi K, Oshima T, Ohkura N, Atsumi GI. Differentiation with elaidate tends to impair insulin-dependent glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 67:99-110. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2016.1144721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Ishibashi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Pathology, School of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kana Nehashi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Pathology, School of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Oshima
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Pathology, School of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Ohkura
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Pathology, School of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gen-Ichi Atsumi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Pathology, School of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
The hematologic system performs a number of essential functions, including oxygen transport, the execution of the immune response against tumor cells and invading pathogens, and hemostasis (blood clotting). These roles are performed by erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and thrombocytes (platelets), respectively. Critically, circadian rhythms are evident in the function of all 3 cell types. In this review, we describe these oscillations, explore their mechanistic bases, and highlight their key implications. Since erythrocytes are anucleate, circadian rhythms in these cells testify to the existence of a nontranscriptional circadian clock. From a clinical perspective, leukocyte rhythms could underlie daily variation in the severity of allergic reactions, the symptoms of chronic inflammatory diseases, and the body’s response to infection, while the rhythmic properties of thrombocytes may explain daily fluctuations in the incidence of heart attack and stroke. Consequently, the efficacy of treatments for these conditions is likely to depend on the timing of their administration. Last, we outline preliminary evidence that circadian disruption in the hematologic system could contribute to the deleterious effects of poor diet, shift work, and alcohol abuse on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pritchett
- Institute of Metabolic Science, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Akhilesh B. Reddy
- Institute of Metabolic Science, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK
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Wen M, Jiang X, She H, Han C, Pei Z, Cai Y, Zhang T. The Per2polymorphism rs10462023 is associated with the risk of stroke in a Chinese population. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2015.1026675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Alibhai FJ, Tsimakouridze EV, Reitz CJ, Pyle WG, Martino TA. Consequences of Circadian and Sleep Disturbances for the Cardiovascular System. Can J Cardiol 2015; 31:860-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Mazzoccoli G, Vinciguerra M, Papa G, Piepoli A. Circadian clock circuitry in colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:4197-4207. [PMID: 24764658 PMCID: PMC3989956 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i15.4197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the most prevalent among digestive system cancers. Carcinogenesis relies on disrupted control of cellular processes, such as metabolism, proliferation, DNA damage recognition and repair, and apoptosis. Cell, tissue, organ and body physiology is characterized by periodic fluctuations driven by biological clocks operating through the clock gene machinery. Dysfunction of molecular clockworks and cellular oscillators is involved in tumorigenesis, and altered expression of clock genes has been found in cancer patients. Epidemiological studies have shown that circadian disruption, that is, alteration of bodily temporal organization, is a cancer risk factor, and an increased incidence of colorectal neoplastic disease is reported in shift workers. In this review we describe the involvement of the circadian clock circuitry in colorectal carcinogenesis and the therapeutic strategies addressing temporal deregulation in colorectal cancer.
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Elomaa AP, Koivumaa-Honkanen H, Niskanen L, Honkalampi K, Valkonen-Korhonen M, Herzig KH, Viinamäki H, Lehto SM. Self-reported sleep disturbance is associated with elevated levels of PAI-1 in individuals with a recorded history of depressive symptoms. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 47:46-51. [PMID: 23911442 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of depressed individuals report insomnia. Self-reported symptoms of insomnia, in particular, more strongly predict adverse health effects than the actual measured sleep time. The physiological alterations in individuals with insomnia are complex, as both autonomic and endocrine dysfunctions are present. Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 is a stress-related acute-phase reactant that has also been suggested to regulate the circadian rhythm and sleep patterns. It has been suggested to contribute to both depressive symptoms and sleep disorders, although data on the relationships between these parameters are scarce. OBJECTIVE This study examined the role of self-reported sleep disturbance and its association with PAI-1 among individuals with a history of depressive symptoms. METHODS Differences in the serum levels of PAI-1 between two groups (group 1: moderate to very severe sleep disturbance, n=37; group 2: mild or no sleep disturbance, n = 90) were examined in a population-based sample of individuals with a recorded history of depressive symptoms. RESULTS Multivariate analysis controlling for potential confounding factors (age, sex, body mass index, depression severity) showed that each 1-unit increase in PAI-1 (μg/mL) increased the likelihood for belonging to the group with moderate to very severe sleep disturbance by 23% (OR = 1.23, C.I. 95% = 1.04-1.45, p = 0.016). This statistical significance remained after additional adjustments for regular smoking and the use of sleep or lipid-lowering medication. CONCLUSION Our observations may further clarify the physiological alterations related to sleep disturbance in depressive individuals. In the present study, self-reported sleep disturbance in individuals with a recorded history of depressive symptoms was associated with an elevation of PAI-1. This finding may illustrate the association of subjective sleep disturbance with sympathetic activation. Our study highlights the importance of effects of perceived sleep disturbance on individual homeostasis, and may provide potential directions for research on treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti-Pekka Elomaa
- Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital & University of Easterrn Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland.
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Anea CB, Zhang M, Chen F, Ali MI, Hart CMM, Stepp DW, Kovalenkov YO, Merloiu AM, Pati P, Fulton D, Rudic RD. Circadian clock control of Nox4 and reactive oxygen species in the vasculature. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78626. [PMID: 24205282 PMCID: PMC3808297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that circadian clock disruption is associated with pathological remodeling in the arterial structure and vascular stiffness. Moreover, chronic circadian disruption is associated with dysfunction in endothelial responses and signaling. Reactive oxygen species have emerged as key regulators in vascular pathology. Previously, we have demonstrated that circadian clock dysfunction exacerbates superoxide production through eNOS uncoupling. To date, the impact of circadian clock mutation on vascular NADPH oxidase expression and function is not known. The goal in the current study was to determine if the circadian clock controls vascular Nox4 expression and hydrogen peroxide formation in arteries, particularly in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. In aorta, there was an increase in hydrogen peroxide and Nox4 expression in mice with a dysfunctional circadian rhythm (Bmal1-KO mice). In addition, the Nox4 gene promoter is activated by the core circadian transcription factors. Lastly, in synchronized cultured human endothelial cells, Nox4 gene expression exhibited rhythmic oscillations. These data reveal that the circadian clock plays an important role in the control of Nox4 and disruption of the clock leads to subsequent production of reaction oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciprian B. Anea
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Maoxiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Feng Chen
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - M. Irfan Ali
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - C. Michael M. Hart
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - David W. Stepp
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Yevgeniy O. Kovalenkov
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ana-Maria Merloiu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Paramita Pati
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - David Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - R. Daniel Rudic
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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The circadian clock and the hypoxic response pathway in kidney cancer. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:1-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Abstract
It has been well known for ages that in living organisms the rhythmicity of biological processes is linked to the ~ 24-hour light-dark cycle. However, the exact function of the circadian clock system has been explored only in the past decades. It came to light that the photosensitive primary "master clock" is situated in the suprachiasmatic photosensitive nuclei of the special hypothalamic region, and that it is working according to ~24-hour changes of light and darkness. The master clock sends its messages to the peripheral "slave clocks". In many organs, like pancreatic β-cells, the slave clocks have autonomic functions as well. Two essential components of the clock system are proteins encoded by the CLOCK and BMAL1 genes. CLOCK genes are in interaction with endonuclear receptors such as peroxisoma-proliferator activated receptors and Rev-erb-α, as well as with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, regulating the adaptation to stressors, energy supply, metabolic processes and cardiovascular system. Melatonin, the product of corpus pineale has a significant role in the functions of the clock system. The detailed discovery of the clock system has changed our previous knowledge about the development of many diseases. The most explored fields are hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic processes, mental disorders, cancers, sleep apnoe and joint disorders. CLOCK genes influence ageing as well. The recognition of the periodicity of biological processes makes the optimal dosing of certain drugs feasible. The more detailed discovery of the interaction of the clock system might further improve treatment and prevention of many disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Halmos
- Mazsihisz Szeretetkórház Metabolikus Ambulancia Budapest Amerikai út 53-55. 1145.
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Zanquetta MM, Correa-Giannella ML, Giannella-Neto D, Alonso PA, Guimarães LMMV, Meyer A, Villares SMF. Expression of clock genes in human subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues. Chronobiol Int 2012; 29:252-60. [PMID: 22390238 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2012.657319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Disrupted circadian rhythms are associated with obesity and metabolic alterations, but little is known about the participation of peripheral circadian clock machinery in these processes. The aim of the present study was to analyze RNA expression of clock genes in subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissues of male and female subjects in AM (morning) and PM (afternoon) periods, and its interactions with body mass index (BMI). Ninety-one subjects (41 ± 11 yrs of age) presenting a wide range of BMI (21.4 to 48.6 kg/m(2)) were included. SAT and VAT biopsies were obtained from patients undergoing abdominal surgeries. Clock genes expressions were evaluated by qRT-PCR. The only clock gene that showed higher expression (p < .0001) in SAT in comparison to VAT was PER1 of female (372%) and male (326%) subjects. Different patterns of expression between the AM and PM periods were observed, in particular REV-ERBα, which was reduced (p < .05) at the PM period in SAT and VAT of both women and men (women: ∼53% lower; men: ∼78% lower), whereas CLOCK expression was not altered. Relationships between clock genes were different in SAT vs. VAT. BMI was negatively correlated with SATPER1 (r = -.549; p = .001) and SATPER2 (r = -.613; p = .0001) and positively with VATCLOCK (r = .541; p = .001) and VATBMAL1 (r = .468; p = .007) only in women. These data suggest that the circadian clock machinery of adipose tissue depots differs between female and male subjects, with a sex-specific effect observed for some genes. BMI correlated with clock genes, but at this moment it is not possible to establish the cause-effect relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Moreira Zanquetta
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Celular e Molecular (LIM/25), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Mazzoccoli G, Pazienza V, Panza A, Valvano MR, Benegiamo G, Vinciguerra M, Andriulli A, Piepoli A. ARNTL2 and SERPINE1: potential biomarkers for tumor aggressiveness in colorectal cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2012; 138:501-11. [PMID: 22198637 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-011-1126-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cathepsin and plasmin may favor cancer cell invasion degrading extracellular matrix. Plasmin formation from plasminogen is regulated by plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1). ARNTL2 activates the promoters of the PAI-1 gene, officially called SERPINE1, driving the circadian variation in circulating PAI-1 levels. METHODS We evaluated ARNTL2 and SERPINE1 expression in 50 colorectal cancer specimens and adjacent normal tissue and in colon cancer cell lines. RESULTS We found up-regulation of ARNTL2 (P = 0.004) and SERPINE1 (P = 0.002) in tumor tissue. A statistically significant association was found between high ARNTL2 mRNA levels and vascular invasion (P < 0.0001), and between high SERPINE1 mRNA levels and microsatellite instability (MSI-H and MSI-L, P = 0.025). Sorting the subjects into quartile groups, a statistically significant association was found between high ARNTL2 expression and lymph node involvement (P < 0.001), between high SERPINE1 expression and grading (P < 0.001) and between high SERPINE1 expression and MSI H-L (P < 0.0001). In SW480 cells, a more proliferative model compared to CaCo2 cells, there were higher mRNA levels of ARNTL2 (P < 0.001) and SERPINE1 (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION ARNTL2 and SERPINE1 expression is increased in colorectal cancer and in a highly proliferative colon cancer cell line and is related to tumor invasiveness and aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Research Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy.
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Mazzoccoli G, Piepoli A, Carella M, Panza A, Pazienza V, Benegiamo G, Palumbo O, Ranieri E. Altered expression of the clock gene machinery in kidney cancer patients. Biomed Pharmacother 2011; 66:175-9. [PMID: 22436651 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Kidney cancer is associated with alteration in the pathways regulated by von Hippel-Lindau protein and hypoxia inducible factor α. Tight interrelationships have been evidenced between hypoxia response pathways and circadian pathways. The dysregulation of the circadian clock circuitry is involved in carcinogenesis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the clock gene machinery in kidney cancer. METHODS mRNA expression levels of the clock genes ARNTL1, ARNTL2, CLOCK, PER1, PER2, PER3, CRY1, CRY2, TIMELESS, TIPIN and CSNK1E and of the clock controlled gene SERPINE1 were evaluated by DNA microarray assays and by qRT-PCR in primary tumor and matched nontumorous tissue collected from a cohort of 11 consecutive kidney cancer patients. RESULTS In kidney tumor tissue, we found down-regulation of PER2 (median=0.658, Q1-Q3=0.562-0.744, P<0.01), TIMELESS (median=0.705, Q1-Q3=0.299-1.330, P=0.04) and TIPIN (median=0.556, Q1-Q3=0.385-1.945, P=0.01), up-regulation of SERPINE1 (median=1.628, Q1-Q3=0.339-4.071, P=0.04), whereas the expression of ARNTL2 (median=0.605, Q1-Q3=0.318-1.738, P=0.74) and CSNK1E (median=0.927, Q1-Q3=0.612-2.321, P=0.33) did not differ. A statistically significant correlation was evidenced between mRNA levels of PER2 and CSNKIE (r=0.791, P<0.01), PER2 and TIPIN (r=0.729, P=0.01), PER2 and SERPINE1 (r=0.704, P=0.01), TIMELESS and TIPIN (r=0.605, P=0.04), TIMELESS and CSNKIE (r=0.637, P=0.03), TIPIN and CSNKIE (r=0.940, P<0.01). CONCLUSION In kidney cancer, the circadian clock circuitry is deregulated and the altered expression of the clock genes might be involved in disease onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
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Cheng S, Jiang Z, Zou Y, Chen C, Wang Y, Liu Y, Xiao J, Guo H, Wang Z. Downregulation of Clock in circulatory system leads to an enhancement of fibrinolysis in mice. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2011; 236:1078-84. [PMID: 21750017 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2011.010322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As a main component of circadian genes, clock plays not only an important role in circadian rhythm but also in the regulation of many physiological systems. The dysfunction of clock genes is associated with the development of various disorders. Many studies have investigated the association between clock genes and blood coagulation and the fibrinolytic system. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of downregulation of circulatory Clock on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis at the initial stage of active phase in male mice. Downregulation of the expression of the Clock gene by siRNA and, subsequently, its effect on the thrombotic potential and the expression of relative coagulative and/or fibrinolytic factors were investigated. It was found that the Clock interfered mice were less liable to thrombosis and showed prolonged prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) at Zeitgeber time (ZT) 15. Meanwhile, these mice also showed an increase in factor VII (FVII) and a decrease in thrombomodulin (TM) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) at ZT 15 at both transcriptional and translational levels. PT, APTT and mRNA expressions of fvii, tm and pai-1 were analyzed with the least-squares fit of a 24-h cosine function by single cosinor method; no circadian rhythm was determined in PT and APTT, and a higher amplitude of fvii in the Clock RNAi group was found with a circadian phase shift, while lower amplitudes of tm and pai-1 were found in the Clock RNAi group with nearly no phase shift. All these results suggest that downregulation of the Clock gene in circulatory system has an effect on factors involved in both blood coagulation and fibrinolysis resulting in an enhancement in mice. This may be considered as an indication that Clock regulates thrombotic homeostasis through the fibrinolytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Ministry of Health (Sichuan University), Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
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Caffeine alters circadian rhythms and expression of disease and metabolic markers. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2011; 43:829-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2011.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Sadek K, Macklon N, Bruce K, Cagampang F, Cheong Y. Hypothesis: Role for the circadian Clock system and sleep in the pathogenesis of adhesions and chronic pelvic pain? Med Hypotheses 2010; 76:453-6. [PMID: 21146320 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2010.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Intra-peritoneal adhesions ensuing from surgery or infection may lead to chronic pelvic pain, bowel obstruction, infertility and additional invasive surgery to resolve adhesion-related complications. As a result adhesions are a major clinical, social and economic concern. The cumulative year-on-year direct costs of adhesion-related readmissions for a 10-year period are more than £ 569 million. The degree of intra-abdominal adhesion formation in an individual patient after a surgical or infective insult remains difficult to predict. This reflects a lack of understanding as to the underlying aetiologies. Several different mechanisms leading to adhesion formation and re-formation have been proposed. These include abnormal modulations in inflammatory status, fibrinolytic pathways and matrix remodelling. A number of preventative strategies have been designed accordingly. However, although each individual model offers specific insights into the aetiology of adhesion formation, none have been shown to provide the basis for a highly effective clinical intervention. A unifying fundamental mechanism remains elusive. In this article we propose that such a mechanism can be found within the molecular control of circadian rhythms and "Clock" gene biology. A number of physiological processes demonstrating circadian variation have been shown to involve 'Clock genes' in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which then entrains a similar set of Clock genes in peripheral tissues such as the heart, brain, spleen, lung, liver, skeletal muscle and kidney. The intrinsic time-keeping system influences activity, such as sleep, temperature regulation, rates of metabolism, immune responses, blood pressure and hormone secretion. The function and availability of mediators involved in the inflammatory response, fibrinolytic and anti-coagulation pathways are all under the tight control of the molecular Clock system. These include IL-6, PAI-1, fibrinogen, fibroblasts and TNF-α. We hypothesise that disruptions in the 'Clock system' are central to the causal pathway of adhesion formation. Our hypothesis takes into consideration and utilises current understanding in the field uniting individual principles. Moreover; this hypothesis suggests strategies for optimising existing therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Sadek
- Division of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD), University of Southampton School of Medicine, Coxford Road, Southampton SO16 5YA, United Kingdom.
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Oishi K, Uchida D, Ohkura N, Horie S. PPARα deficiency augments a ketogenic diet-induced circadian PAI-1 expression possibly through PPARγ activation in the liver. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 401:313-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Bose S, Boockfor FR. Episodes of prolactin gene expression in GH3 cells are dependent on selective promoter binding of multiple circadian elements. Endocrinology 2010; 151:2287-96. [PMID: 20215567 PMCID: PMC2869263 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-1252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) gene expression in mammotropes occurs in pulses, but the mechanism(s) underlying this dynamic process remains obscure. Recent findings from our laboratory of an E-box in the rat PRL promoter (E-box133) that can interact with the circadian factors, circadian locomoter output cycles kaput (CLOCK) and brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein (BMAL)-1, and was necessary for pulse activity raised the intriguing possibility that the circadian system may be central to this oscillatory process. In this study, we used serum-shocked GH(3) cells, established previously to synchronize PRL pulses between cells in culture, to reveal that pulses of PRL mRNA are linked temporally to the expression of bmal1, cry1, per1, and per3 mRNA in these cells. Moreover, we found that each of these circadian factors binds to the rat PRL promoter by chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. Using EMSA analysis, we observed that two sites present in the proximal promoter region, E-box133 and E-box10, bind circadian factors differentially (E-box133 interacted with BMAL1, cryptochrome-1, period (PER)-1, and PER3 but not PER2 and E-box10 bound BMAL1, cryptochrome-1, PER2, PER3 but not PER1). More importantly, down-regulation of any factor binding E-box133 significantly reduced PRL mRNA levels during pulse periods. Our results demonstrate clearly that certain circadian elements binding to the E-box133 site are required for episodes of PRL mRNA expression in serum-shocked GH(3) cultures. Moreover, our findings of binding-related differences between functionally distinct E-boxes demonstrate not only that E-boxes can bind different components but suggest that the number and type of circadian elements that bind to an E-box is central in dictating its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeep Bose
- Laboratory of Molecular Dynamics, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, MedicalUniversity of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 294251, USA
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Nader N, Chrousos GP, Kino T. Interactions of the circadian CLOCK system and the HPA axis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2010; 21:277-86. [PMID: 20106676 PMCID: PMC2862789 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2009.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Revised: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 12/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Organisms have developed concurrent behavioral and physiological adaptations to the strong influence of day/night cycles, as well as to unforeseen, random stress stimuli. These circadian and stress-related responses are achieved by two highly conserved and interrelated regulatory networks, the circadian CLOCK and stress systems, which respectively consist of oscillating molecular pacemakers, the Clock/Bmal1 transcription factors, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and its end-effector, the glucocorticoid receptor. These systems communicate with one another at different signaling levels and dysregulation of either system can lead to development of pathologic conditions. In this review, we summarize the mutual physiologic interactions between the circadian CLOCK system and the HPA axis, and discuss their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Nader
- Unit on Molecular Hormone Action, Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - George P. Chrousos
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Tomoshige Kino
- Unit on Molecular Hormone Action, Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Corresponding author Address correspondence and requests for materials and reprints to: Tomoshige Kino, M.D., Ph.D., Unit on Molecular Hormone Action, Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health, and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Clinical Research Center, Rm. 1-3140, 10 Center Drive MSC 1109, Bethesda, MD 20892-1109, USA, hone: 301-496-6417, Fax: 301-402-0884,
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ISHIDA NK, UCHIDA D, DOI R, OISHI K, CHIKAHISA S, SEI H, HAMASAKA Y, SUZUKI T, HANAI S. Role of PPARα in control of torpor through FGF21-NPY pathway: From circadian clock genes to seasonal change and cardiovascular disease. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1479-8425.2009.00413.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Diurnal rhythms influence cardiovascular physiology such as heart rate and blood pressure and the incidence of adverse cardiac events such as heart attack and stroke. For example, shift workers and patients with sleep disturbances, such as obstructive sleep apnea, have an increased risk of heart attack, stroke, and sudden death. Diurnal variation is also evident at the molecular level, as gene expression in the heart and blood vessels is remarkably different in the day as compared to the night. Much of the evidence presented here indicates that growth and renewal (structural remodeling) are highly dependent on processes that occur during the subjective night. Myocardial metabolism is also dynamic with substrate preference also differing day from night. The risk/benefit ratio of some therapeutic strategies and the appearance of biomarkers also vary across the 24-hour diurnal cycle. Synchrony between external and internal diurnal rhythms and harmony among the molecular rhythms within the cell is essential for normal organ biology. Cell physiology is 4 dimensional; the substrate and enzymatic components of a given metabolic pathway must be present not only in the right compartmental space within the cell but also at the right time. As a corollary, we show disrupting this integral relationship has devastating effects on cardiovascular, renal and possibly other organ systems. Harmony between our biology and our environment is vital to good health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tami A Martino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, OVC, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G2W1.
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Yang X, Wood PA, Ansell C, Hrushesky WJM. Circadian time-dependent tumor suppressor function of period genes. Integr Cancer Ther 2009; 8:309-16. [PMID: 19926612 DOI: 10.1177/1534735409352083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian core clock genes, Periods (Per1 and Per2), have tumor suppressor properties. Decreased expression of Per1 and Per2 has been reported in several types of human cancers. On the other hand, overexpression of Per1 or Per2 inhibits cancer cell growth in culture. The authors have shown that downregulation of Per1 or Per2 enhances cancer growth in vitro. These genes also regulate the amount of cell proliferation-related molecules, many of which are therapeutic targets. In animals, tumors grow with clear circadian organization, and Per1 and Per2 exert their tumor suppressor functions in a circadian time-dependent manner. Downregulation of Per1 or Per2 increases tumor growth only at certain specific times of the day. Per1 and Per2 differentially regulate tumor growth rhythm in vivo. These data suggest that the therapeutic efficacy of antiproliferation agents depends on the time of day of drug delivery. The optimal times of day may be shifted in tumors that have mutant Period genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Yang
- Medical Chronobiology Laboratory, WJB Dorn VA Medical Center, Columbia, SC, USA.
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Oishi K, Uchida D, Ohkura N, Doi R, Ishida N, Kadota K, Horie S. Ketogenic Diet Disrupts the Circadian Clock and Increases Hypofibrinolytic Risk by Inducing Expression of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29:1571-7. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.109.190140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsutaka Oishi
- From the Clock Cell Biology Research Group (K.O., D.U., R.D., N.I.), Institute for Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; the Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences (D.U., R.D., N.I.), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; the Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (N.O.), Teikyo University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan; the Agricultural Bioinformatics Research
| | - Daisuke Uchida
- From the Clock Cell Biology Research Group (K.O., D.U., R.D., N.I.), Institute for Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; the Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences (D.U., R.D., N.I.), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; the Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (N.O.), Teikyo University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan; the Agricultural Bioinformatics Research
| | - Naoki Ohkura
- From the Clock Cell Biology Research Group (K.O., D.U., R.D., N.I.), Institute for Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; the Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences (D.U., R.D., N.I.), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; the Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (N.O.), Teikyo University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan; the Agricultural Bioinformatics Research
| | - Ryosuke Doi
- From the Clock Cell Biology Research Group (K.O., D.U., R.D., N.I.), Institute for Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; the Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences (D.U., R.D., N.I.), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; the Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (N.O.), Teikyo University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan; the Agricultural Bioinformatics Research
| | - Norio Ishida
- From the Clock Cell Biology Research Group (K.O., D.U., R.D., N.I.), Institute for Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; the Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences (D.U., R.D., N.I.), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; the Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (N.O.), Teikyo University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan; the Agricultural Bioinformatics Research
| | - Koji Kadota
- From the Clock Cell Biology Research Group (K.O., D.U., R.D., N.I.), Institute for Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; the Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences (D.U., R.D., N.I.), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; the Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (N.O.), Teikyo University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan; the Agricultural Bioinformatics Research
| | - Shuichi Horie
- From the Clock Cell Biology Research Group (K.O., D.U., R.D., N.I.), Institute for Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; the Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences (D.U., R.D., N.I.), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; the Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (N.O.), Teikyo University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan; the Agricultural Bioinformatics Research
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