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Han SH, Mo JS, Yun KJ, Chae SC. MicroRNA 429 regulates MMPs expression by modulating TIMP2 expression in colon cancer cells and inflammatory colitis. Genes Genomics 2024; 46:763-774. [PMID: 38733517 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-024-01520-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a previous study, we found that the expression of microRNA 429 (MIR429) was decreased in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced mouse colitis tissues. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to investigate the interaction of MIR429 with TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2 (TIMP2), one of its candidate target genes, in human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and DSS-induced mouse colitis tissues. METHODS A luciferase reporter system was used to confirm the effect of MIR429 on TIMP2 expression. The expression levels of MIR429 and target genes in cells or tissues were evaluated through quantitative RT-PCR, western blotting, or immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We found that the expression level of MIR429 was downregulated in human CRC tissues, and also showed that TIMP2 is a direct target gene of MIR429 in CRC cell lines. Furthermore, MIR429 regulate TIMP2-mediated matrix metallopeptidases (MMPs) expression in CRC cells. We also generated cell lines stably expressing MIR429 in CRC cell lines and showed that MIR429 regulates the expression of MMPs by mediating TIMP2 expression. In addition to human CRC tissues, we found that TIMP2 was highly expressed in mouse colitis tissues and human ulcerative colitis (UC) tissues. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the expression of endogenous MIR429 was reduced in human CRC tissues and colitis, leading to upregulation of its target gene TIMP2. The upregulation of TIMP2 by decreased MIR429 expression in CRC tissues and inflamed tissues suggests that it may affect extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling through downregulation of MMPs. Therefore, MIR429 may have therapeutic value for human CRC and colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seol-Hee Han
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Su Mo
- Digestive Disease Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Jung Yun
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Cheon Chae
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea.
- Digestive Disease Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Stratmann B, Eggers B, Mattern Y, de Carvalho TS, Marcus-Alic K, Tschoepe D. Maladaptive response following glucose overload in GLUT4-overexpressing H9C2 cardiomyoblasts. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:2379-2389. [PMID: 38528822 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose overload drives diabetic cardiomyopathy by affecting the tricarboxylic acid pathway. However, it is still unknown how cells could overcome massive chronic glucose influx on cellular and structural level. METHODS/MATERIALS Expression profiles of hyperglycemic, glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) overexpressing H9C2 (KE2) cardiomyoblasts loaded with 30 mM glucose (KE230L) and wild type (WT) cardiomyoblasts loaded with 30 mM glucose (WT30L) were compared using proteomics, real-time polymerase quantitative chain reaction analysis, or Western blotting, and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS The findings suggest that hyperglycemic insulin-sensitive cells at the onset of diabetic cardiomyopathy present complex changes in levels of structural cell-related proteins like tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases-1 (1.3 fold), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (1.8 fold), type-IV-collagen (3.2 fold), chaperones (Glucose-Regulated Protein 78: 1.8 fold), autophagy (Autophagosome Proteins LC3A, LC3B: 1.3 fold), and in unfolded protein response (UPR; activating transcription factor 6α expression: 2.3 fold and processing: 2.4 fold). Increased f-actin levels were detectable with glucose overload by immnocytochemistry. Effects on energy balance (1.6 fold), sirtuin expression profile (Sirtuin 1: 0.7 fold, sirtuin 3: 1.9 fold, and sirtuin 6: 4.2 fold), and antioxidant enzymes (Catalase: 0.8 fold and Superoxide dismutase 2: 1.5 fold) were detected. CONCLUSION In conclusion, these findings implicate induction of chronic cell distress by sustained glucose accumulation with a non-compensatory repair reaction not preventing final cell death. This might explain the chronic long lasting pathogenesis observed in developing heart failure in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Stratmann
- Herz- and Diabeteszentrum NRW, Diabeteszentrum, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Britta Eggers
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Medical Proteome Analysis, Centre for Protein Diagnostics (PRODI), Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Yvonne Mattern
- Herz- and Diabeteszentrum NRW, Diabeteszentrum, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Tayana Silva de Carvalho
- Herz- and Diabeteszentrum NRW, Diabeteszentrum, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Katrin Marcus-Alic
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Medical Proteome Analysis, Centre for Protein Diagnostics (PRODI), Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Diethelm Tschoepe
- Herz- and Diabeteszentrum NRW, Diabeteszentrum, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
- Stiftung DHD (Der herzkranke Diabetiker) Stiftung in der Deutschen Diabetes-Stiftung, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
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Coates-Park S, Rich JA, Stetler-Stevenson WG, Peeney D. The TIMP protein family: diverse roles in pathophysiology. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C917-C934. [PMID: 38284123 PMCID: PMC11193487 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00699.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are a family of four matrisome proteins classically defined by their roles as the primary endogenous inhibitors of metalloproteinases (MPs). Their functions however are not limited to MP inhibition, with each family member harboring numerous MP-independent biological functions that play key roles in processes such as inflammation and apoptosis. Because of these multifaceted functions, TIMPs have been cited in diverse pathophysiological contexts. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the MP-dependent and -independent roles of TIMPs across a range of pathological conditions. The potential therapeutic and biomarker applications of TIMPs in these disease contexts are also considered, highlighting the biomedical promise of this complex and often misunderstood protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha Coates-Park
- Extracellular Matrix Pathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Joshua A Rich
- Extracellular Matrix Pathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - William G Stetler-Stevenson
- Extracellular Matrix Pathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - David Peeney
- Extracellular Matrix Pathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
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4
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Huang JT, Sung SH, Hsu CP, Chiang CE, Yu WC, Cheng HM, Huang CH. TIMP-1 in the prognosis of patients who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery: a 12-year follow-up study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1226449. [PMID: 38162139 PMCID: PMC10757603 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1226449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) have been linked to clinical outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the prognostic value of TIMP-1 in patients with CAD who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has not been elucidated. We aimed to investigate the correlations of TIMP-1 with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in the long-term prognosis of consecutive patients who underwent CABG. Methods A total of 234 patients (age: 70.4 ± 10.5 years, 84.6% men) with CAD who underwent CABG were prospectively enrolled. Preoperative levels of MMPs, TIMP-1, hs-CRP, and NT-proBNP were recorded. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were defined as non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, and cardiovascular death. Results During a median follow-up of 12.1 years, 120 deaths were recorded. The deceased were older, had more manifest acute coronary syndrome (ACS), a lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), but significantly higher MMP13, TIMP-1, hs-CRP, and NT-proBNP compared with the survivors. After adjusting for age, sex, manifest ACS, eGFR, LVEF, total cholesterol, and triglycerides, TIMP-1 (hazard ratio and 95% confidence intervals per SD: 1.506, 1.183-1.917), hs-CRP (1.349, 1.183-1.561), and NT-ProBNP (1.707, 1.326-2.199) were all independently associated with all-cause mortality. The mediation analysis revealed that the mortality risks of TIMP-1 were partially mediated by NT-proBNP (62.2%) and hs-CRP (25.3%). The associations of TIMP-1 with MACE were partially mediated by NT-proBNP (54.4%) but not hs-CRP. Conclusions TIMP-1 was an independent predictor of long-term outcomes after CABG, with possible roles in subclinical inflammation and postoperative cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Tzu Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsien Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Po Hsu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chern-En Chiang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- General Clinical Research Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chung Yu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Min Cheng
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsiung Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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5
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Hu M, Meganathan I, Zhu J, MacArthur R, Kassiri Z. Loss of TIMP3, but not TIMP4, exacerbates thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 184:61-74. [PMID: 37844423 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Aorta exhibits regional heterogeneity (structural and functional), while different etiologies for thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysm (TAA, AAA) are recognized. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) regulate vascular remodeling through different mechanisms. Region-dependent functions have been reported for TIMP3 and TIMP4 in vascular pathologies. We investigated the region-specific function of these TIMPs in development of TAA versus AAA. METHODS & RESULTS TAA or AAA was induced in male and female mice lacking TIMP3 (Timp3-/-), TIMP4 (Timp4-/-) or in wildtype (WT) mice by peri-adventitial elastase application. Loss of TIMP3 exacerbated TAA and AAA severity in males and females, with a greater increase in proteinase activity, smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching post-AAA and -TAA, while increased inflammation was detected in the media post-AAA, but in the adventitia post-TAA. Timp3-/- mice showed impaired intimal barrier integrity post-AAA, but a greater adventitial vasa-vasorum branching post-TAA, which could explain the site of inflammation in AAA versus TAA. Severity of TAA and AAA in Timp4-/- mice was similar to WT mice. In vitro, Timp3 knockdown more severely compromised the permeability of human aortic EC monolayer compared to Timp4 knockdown or the control group. In aneurysmal aorta specimens from patients, TIMP3 expression decreased in the media in AAA, and in adventitial in TAA specimens, consistent with the impact of its loss in AAA versus TAA in mice. CONCLUSION TIMP3 loss exacerbates inflammation, adverse remodeling and aortic dilation, but triggers different patterns of remodeling in AAA versus TAA, and through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Hu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ilamaran Meganathan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jiechun Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rodrick MacArthur
- Department of Cardiac surgery, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Zhang H, Wan X, Tian J, An Z, Liu L, Zhao X, Zhou Y, Zhang L, Ge C, Song X. The therapeutic efficacy and clinical translation of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in cardiovascular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115551. [PMID: 37783149 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, mainly derived from mesenchymal stem cells, provide a good reference for cardiac function repair and clinical application in cardiac and vascular diseases by regulating cardiomyocyte viability, inflammatory levels, angiogenesis, and ventricular remodeling after a heart injury. This review presents the cardioprotective efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell-originated exosomes and explores the underlying molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, we expound on several efficient approaches to transporting exosomes into the heart in clinical application and comment on the advantages and disadvantages of each method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Xueqi Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Jinfan Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Ziyu An
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Libo Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, PR China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong 271000, PR China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Yuquan Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Changjiang Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Xiantao Song
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, PR China.
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Stetler-Stevenson WG. The Continuing Saga of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase 2: Emerging Roles in Tissue Homeostasis and Cancer Progression. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1336-1352. [PMID: 37572947 PMCID: PMC10548276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are a conserved family of proteins that were originally identified as cytokine-like erythroid growth factors. Subsequently, TIMPs were characterized as endogenous inhibitors of matrixin proteinases. These proteinases are the primary mediators of extracellular matrix turnover in pathologic conditions, such as cancer invasion and metastasis. Thus, TIMPs were immediately recognized as important regulators of tissue homeostasis. However, TIMPs also demonstrate unique biological activities that are independent of metalloproteinase regulation. Although often overlooked, these non-protease-mediated TIMP functions demonstrate a variety of direct cellular effects of potential therapeutic value. TIMP2 is the most abundantly expressed TIMP family member, and ongoing studies show that its tumor suppressor activity extends beyond protease inhibition to include direct modulation of tumor, endothelial, and fibroblast cellular responses in the tumor microenvironment. Recent data suggest that TIMP2 can suppress both primary tumor growth and metastatic niche formation. TIMP2 directly interacts with cellular receptors and matrisome elements to modulate cell signaling pathways that result in reduced proliferation and migration of neoplastic, endothelial, and fibroblast cell populations. These effects result in enhanced cell adhesion and focal contact formation while reducing tumor and endothelial proliferation, migration, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions. These findings are consistent with TIMP2 homeostatic functions beyond simple inhibition of metalloprotease activity. This review examines the ongoing evolution of TIMP2 function, future perspectives in TIMP research, and the therapeutic potential of TIMP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Stetler-Stevenson
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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8
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Liu Y, Wang M, Yu Y, Li C, Zhang C. Advances in the study of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells and cardiac cells for the treatment of myocardial infarction. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:202. [PMID: 37580705 PMCID: PMC10424417 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01227-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction has long been the leading cause of death in coronary heart disease, which is characterized by irreversible cardiomyocyte death and restricted blood supply. Conventional reperfusion therapy can further aggravate myocardial injury. Stem cell therapy, especially with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), has emerged as a promising approach to promote cardiac repair and improve cardiac function. MSCs may induce these effects by secreting exosomes containing therapeutically active RNA, proteins and lipids. Notably, normal cardiac function depends on intracardiac paracrine signaling via exosomes, and exosomes secreted by cardiac cells can partially reflect changes in the heart during disease, so analyzing these vesicles may provide valuable insights into the pathology of myocardial infarction as well as guide the development of new treatments. The present review examines how exosomes produced by MSCs and cardiac cells may influence injury after myocardial infarction and serve as therapies against such injury. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchang Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Minrui Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunhong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acids in Medicine for National High-Level Talents, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
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Main EN, Cruz TM, Bowlin GL. Mitochondria as a therapeutic: a potential new frontier in driving the shift from tissue repair to regeneration. Regen Biomater 2023; 10:rbad070. [PMID: 37663015 PMCID: PMC10468651 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbad070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis, or scar tissue development, is associated with numerous pathologies and is often considered a worst-case scenario in terms of wound healing or the implantation of a biomaterial. All that remains is a disorganized, densely packed and poorly vascularized bundle of connective tissue, which was once functional tissue. This creates a significant obstacle to the restoration of tissue function or integration with any biomaterial. Therefore, it is of paramount importance in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine to emphasize regeneration, the successful recovery of native tissue function, as opposed to repair, the replacement of the native tissue (often with scar tissue). A technique dubbed 'mitochondrial transplantation' is a burgeoning field of research that shows promise in in vitro, in vivo and various clinical applications in preventing cell death, reducing inflammation, restoring cell metabolism and proper oxidative balance, among other reported benefits. However, there is currently a lack of research regarding the potential for mitochondrial therapies within tissue engineering and regenerative biomaterials. Thus, this review explores these promising findings and outlines the potential for mitochondrial transplantation-based therapies as a new frontier of scientific research with respect to driving regeneration in wound healing and host-biomaterial interactions, the current successes of mitochondrial transplantation that warrant this potential and the critical questions and remaining obstacles that remain in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan N Main
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, 330 Engineering Technology Building, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Thaiz M Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, 330 Engineering Technology Building, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Gary L Bowlin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, 330 Engineering Technology Building, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
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Fujimori ASS, Ribeiro APD, Pereira AG, Dias-Audibert FL, Tonon CR, dos Santos PP, Dantas D, Zanati SG, Catharino RR, Zornoff LAM, Azevedo PS, de Paiva SAR, Okoshi MP, Lima EO, Polegato BF. Effects of Pera Orange Juice and Moro Orange Juice in Healthy Rats: A Metabolomic Approach. Metabolites 2023; 13:902. [PMID: 37623846 PMCID: PMC10456557 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. Heart failure is a cardiovascular disease with high prevalence, morbidity, and mortality. Several natural compounds have been studied for attenuating pathological cardiac remodeling. Orange juice has been associated with cardiovascular disease prevention by attenuating oxidative stress. However, most studies have evaluated isolated phytochemicals rather than whole orange juice and usually under pathological conditions. In this study, we evaluated plasma metabolomics in healthy rats receiving Pera or Moro orange juice to identify possible metabolic pathways and their effects on the heart. METHODS Sixty male Wistar rats were allocated into 3 groups: control (C), Pera orange juice (PO), and Moro orange juice (MO). PO and MO groups received Pera orange juice or Moro orange juice, respectively, and C received water with maltodextrin (100 g/L). Echocardiogram and euthanasia were performed after 4 weeks. Plasma metabolomic analysis was performed by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Type I collagen was evaluated in picrosirius red-stained slides and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 activity by zymography. MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2, TIMP-4, type I collagen, and TNF-α protein expression were evaluated by Western blotting. RESULTS We differentially identified three metabolites in PO (N-docosahexaenoyl-phenylalanine, diglyceride, and phosphatidylethanolamine) and six in MO (N-formylmaleamic acid, N2-acetyl-L-ornithine, casegravol isovalerate, abscisic alcohol 11-glucoside, cyclic phosphatidic acid, and torvoside C), compared to controls, which are recognized for their possible roles in cardiac remodeling, such as extracellular matrix regulation, inflammation, oxidative stress, and membrane integrity. Cardiac function, collagen level, MMP-2 activity, and MMP-9, TIMP-2, TIMP-4, type I collagen, and TNF-α protein expression did not differ between groups. CONCLUSION Ingestion of Pera and Moro orange juice induces changes in plasma metabolites related to the regulation of extracellular matrix, inflammation, oxidative stress, and membrane integrity in healthy rats. Moro orange juice induces a larger number of differentially expressed metabolites than Pera orange juice. Alterations in plasma metabolomics induced by both orange juice are not associated with modifications in cardiac extracellular matrix components. Our results allow us to postulate that orange juice may have beneficial effects on pathological cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson S. S. Fujimori
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (A.S.S.F.); (A.P.D.R.); (A.G.P.); (C.R.T.); (P.P.d.S.); (D.D.); (S.G.Z.); (L.A.M.Z.); (P.S.A.); (S.A.R.d.P.); (M.P.O.); (E.O.L.)
| | - Ana P. D. Ribeiro
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (A.S.S.F.); (A.P.D.R.); (A.G.P.); (C.R.T.); (P.P.d.S.); (D.D.); (S.G.Z.); (L.A.M.Z.); (P.S.A.); (S.A.R.d.P.); (M.P.O.); (E.O.L.)
| | - Amanda G. Pereira
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (A.S.S.F.); (A.P.D.R.); (A.G.P.); (C.R.T.); (P.P.d.S.); (D.D.); (S.G.Z.); (L.A.M.Z.); (P.S.A.); (S.A.R.d.P.); (M.P.O.); (E.O.L.)
| | - Flávia L. Dias-Audibert
- Innovare Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil; (F.L.D.-A.); (R.R.C.)
| | - Carolina R. Tonon
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (A.S.S.F.); (A.P.D.R.); (A.G.P.); (C.R.T.); (P.P.d.S.); (D.D.); (S.G.Z.); (L.A.M.Z.); (P.S.A.); (S.A.R.d.P.); (M.P.O.); (E.O.L.)
| | - Priscila P. dos Santos
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (A.S.S.F.); (A.P.D.R.); (A.G.P.); (C.R.T.); (P.P.d.S.); (D.D.); (S.G.Z.); (L.A.M.Z.); (P.S.A.); (S.A.R.d.P.); (M.P.O.); (E.O.L.)
| | - Danielle Dantas
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (A.S.S.F.); (A.P.D.R.); (A.G.P.); (C.R.T.); (P.P.d.S.); (D.D.); (S.G.Z.); (L.A.M.Z.); (P.S.A.); (S.A.R.d.P.); (M.P.O.); (E.O.L.)
| | - Silmeia G. Zanati
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (A.S.S.F.); (A.P.D.R.); (A.G.P.); (C.R.T.); (P.P.d.S.); (D.D.); (S.G.Z.); (L.A.M.Z.); (P.S.A.); (S.A.R.d.P.); (M.P.O.); (E.O.L.)
| | - Rodrigo R. Catharino
- Innovare Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil; (F.L.D.-A.); (R.R.C.)
| | - Leonardo A. M. Zornoff
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (A.S.S.F.); (A.P.D.R.); (A.G.P.); (C.R.T.); (P.P.d.S.); (D.D.); (S.G.Z.); (L.A.M.Z.); (P.S.A.); (S.A.R.d.P.); (M.P.O.); (E.O.L.)
| | - Paula S. Azevedo
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (A.S.S.F.); (A.P.D.R.); (A.G.P.); (C.R.T.); (P.P.d.S.); (D.D.); (S.G.Z.); (L.A.M.Z.); (P.S.A.); (S.A.R.d.P.); (M.P.O.); (E.O.L.)
| | - Sergio A. R. de Paiva
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (A.S.S.F.); (A.P.D.R.); (A.G.P.); (C.R.T.); (P.P.d.S.); (D.D.); (S.G.Z.); (L.A.M.Z.); (P.S.A.); (S.A.R.d.P.); (M.P.O.); (E.O.L.)
| | - Marina P. Okoshi
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (A.S.S.F.); (A.P.D.R.); (A.G.P.); (C.R.T.); (P.P.d.S.); (D.D.); (S.G.Z.); (L.A.M.Z.); (P.S.A.); (S.A.R.d.P.); (M.P.O.); (E.O.L.)
| | - Estela O. Lima
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (A.S.S.F.); (A.P.D.R.); (A.G.P.); (C.R.T.); (P.P.d.S.); (D.D.); (S.G.Z.); (L.A.M.Z.); (P.S.A.); (S.A.R.d.P.); (M.P.O.); (E.O.L.)
| | - Bertha F. Polegato
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (A.S.S.F.); (A.P.D.R.); (A.G.P.); (C.R.T.); (P.P.d.S.); (D.D.); (S.G.Z.); (L.A.M.Z.); (P.S.A.); (S.A.R.d.P.); (M.P.O.); (E.O.L.)
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11
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Patrichi G, Patrichi A, Satala CB, Sin AI. Matrix Metalloproteinases and Heart Transplantation-A Pathophysiological and Clinical View. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1295. [PMID: 37512106 PMCID: PMC10383867 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59071295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Heart transplantation is undergoing a continuous development, with rates of success increasing substantially due to advances in immunosuppressive therapy and surgical techniques. The most worrying complication occurring after cardiac transplantation is graft rejection, a phenomenon that is much affected by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), with the role of these proteases in the cardiac remodeling process being well established in the literature. A detailed investigation of the association between MMPs and cardiac rejection is necessary for the future development of more targeted therapies in transplanted patients, and to discover prognostic serum and immunohistochemical markers that will lead to more organized therapeutic management in these patients. The aim of this review is therefore to highlight the main MMPs relevant to cardiovascular pathology, with particular emphasis on those involved in complications related to heart transplantation, including cardiac graft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Patrichi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Andrei Patrichi
- Department of Pathology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Catalin-Bogdan Satala
- Department of Pathology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
- Department of Pathology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Anca Ileana Sin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
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12
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Peeney D, Fan Y, Gurung S, Lazaroff C, Ratnayake S, Warner A, Karim B, Meerzaman D, Stetler-Stevenson WG. Whole organism profiling of the Timp gene family. Matrix Biol Plus 2023; 18:100132. [PMID: 37095886 PMCID: PMC10121480 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2023.100132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs/Timps) are an endogenous family of widely expressed matrisome-associated proteins that were initially identified as inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase activity (Metzincin family proteases). Consequently, TIMPs are often considered simply as protease inhibitors by many investigators. However, an evolving list of new metalloproteinase-independent functions for TIMP family members suggests that this concept is outdated. These novel TIMP functions include direct agonism/antagonism of multiple transmembrane receptors, as well as functional interactions with matrisome targets. While the family was fully identified over two decades ago, there has yet to be an in-depth study describing the expression of TIMPs in normal tissues of adult mammals. An understanding of the tissues and cell-types that express TIMPs 1 through 4, in both normal and disease states are important to contextualize the growing functional capabilities of TIMP proteins, which are often dismissed as non-canonical. Using publicly available single cell RNA sequencing data from the Tabula Muris Consortium, we analyzed approximately 100,000 murine cells across eighteen tissues from non-diseased organs, representing seventy-three annotated cell types, to define the diversity in Timp gene expression across healthy tissues. We describe the unique expression profiles across tissues and organ-specific cell types that all four Timp genes display. Within annotated cell-types, we identify clear and discrete cluster-specific patterns of Timp expression, particularly in cells of stromal and endothelial origins. RNA in-situ hybridization across four organs expands on the scRNA sequencing analysis, revealing novel compartments associated with individual Timp expression. These analyses emphasize a need for specific studies investigating the functional significance of Timp expression in the identified tissues and cell sub-types. This understanding of the tissues, specific cell types and microenvironment conditions in which Timp genes are expressed adds important physiological context to the growing array of novel functions for TIMP proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Peeney
- Extracellular Matrix Pathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yu Fan
- Computational Genomics and Bioinformatics Branch, Center for Biomedical Informatics & Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Sadeechya Gurung
- Extracellular Matrix Pathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carolyn Lazaroff
- Extracellular Matrix Pathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shashikala Ratnayake
- Computational Genomics and Bioinformatics Branch, Center for Biomedical Informatics & Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Warner
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Baktiar Karim
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Daoud Meerzaman
- Computational Genomics and Bioinformatics Branch, Center for Biomedical Informatics & Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - William G. Stetler-Stevenson
- Extracellular Matrix Pathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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13
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Britton R, Wasley T, Harish R, Holz C, Hall J, Yee DC, Melton Witt J, Booth EA, Braithwaite S, Czirr E, Kerrisk Campbell M. Noncanonical Activity of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases 2 (TIMP2) Improves Cognition and Synapse Density in Aging. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0031-23.2023. [PMID: 37321845 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0031-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral administration of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 (TIMP2), a protein inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), has previously been shown to have beneficial effects on cognition and neurons in aged mice. Here, to better understand the potential of recombinant TIMP2 proteins, an IgG4Fc fusion protein (TIMP2-hIgG4) was developed to extend the plasma half-life of TIMP2. Following one month of administration of TIMP2 or TIMP2-hIgG4 via intraperitoneal injections, 23-month-old male C57BL/6J mice showed improved hippocampal-dependent memory in a Y-maze, increased hippocampal cfos gene expression, and increased excitatory synapse density in the CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. Thus, fusion to hIgG4 extended the half-life of TIMP2 while retaining the beneficial cognitive and neuronal effects. Moreover, it retained its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. To deepen the mechanistic understanding of the beneficial function of TIMP2 on neuronal activity and cognition, a TIMP2 construct lacking MMP inhibitory activity, Ala-TIMP2, was generated, which provides steric hindrance that prevents inhibition of MMPs by the TIMP2 protein while still allowing MMP binding. A comprehensive assessment of the MMP inhibitory and binding capacity of these engineered proteins is outlined. Surprisingly, MMP inhibition by TIMP2 was not essential for its beneficial effects on cognition and neuronal function. These findings both confirm previously published research, expand on the potential mechanism for the beneficial effects of TIMP2, and provide important details for a therapeutic path forward for TIMP2 recombinant proteins in aging-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tristan Wasley
- Grifols Diagnostic Solutions, Inc., Emeryville, CA 94608
| | | | - Charles Holz
- Grifols Diagnostic Solutions, Inc., Emeryville, CA 94608
| | - John Hall
- Grifols Diagnostic Solutions, Inc., Emeryville, CA 94608
| | - Dennis C Yee
- Grifols Diagnostic Solutions, Inc., Emeryville, CA 94608
| | | | | | | | - Eva Czirr
- Alkahest, Inc., San Carlos, CA 94070
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Li Y, Fang G, Cao W, Yuan J, Song S, Peng H, Wang Y, Wang Q. Ezh2 Inhibits Replicative Senescence of Atrial Fibroblasts Through Promotion of H3K27me3 in the Promoter Regions of CDKN2a and Timp4 Genes. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:4693-4708. [PMID: 35996686 PMCID: PMC9392478 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s374951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In most cell types, replicative senescence (RS) is supposed to be a principle causative factor for aging. Atrial fibrosis, pathologically characterized by proliferation of atrial fibroblasts (AFs) and excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, is the most common substrate of atrial fibrillation (Afib) in the elderly. However, whether AFs’ RS develops in the aged and fibrotic left atrium (LA) and, if yes, what is the key regulator for the pathogenesis of AFs’ RS remain largely unknown. Methods We obtained the left atrial tissues from young (6–8 weeks old) and aged (24 months old) C57BL/6 male mice. Screening and validation of differential genes were performed using comparative analysis of RNA-seq results. Replicative senescence was examined in primary AFs after cell passage. Further gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments were performed to explore the regulation of the AFs’ RS progression. Results In the present study, we demonstrated that there was a considerable extent of AFs’ RS in the aged and fibrotic LA. Transcriptome screening showed that Ezh2 (Enhancer of zeste homolog 2) was significantly downregulated in the LA tissue of aged mice. Ezh2 is a histone methyltransferase that catalyzes H3K27me3 and mediates transcriptional silencing. We confirmed that Ezh2 was downregulated in the isolated pure senescent AFs. Knockdown of Ezh2 by siRNA or inhibition of Ezh2ʹs methyltransferase activities by GSK-126 and GSK-343 accelerated RS in the early passage of AFs, while its overexpression deaccelerated RS in the late passage of AFs. Mechanistically, Ezh2 suppressed CDKN2a (p16, p19) and Timp4 gene transcription by forming canonical H3K27me3 modifications in their promoter regions. Furthermore, the functional balance between Timp4 and MMP8 in AFs could be collapsed by changes in Ezh2 expression. Conclusion These results thus indicate that Ezh2 is a key regulator of AFs’ RS and this work may provide a basis for future treatments for atrial fibrosis in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingze Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojian Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiali Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Song
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuepeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Qunshan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
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15
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Grakova EV, Shilov SN, Kopeva KV, Berezikova EN, Popova AA, Neupokoeva MN, Ratushnyak ET, Teplyakov AT. Extracellular matrix remodeling in anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity: What place on the pedestal? Int J Cardiol 2022; 350:55-61. [PMID: 35007649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and 9 and the gene polymorphisms of MMP-2 (rs243865) and MMP-9 (rs3918242) in the course of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC) in women without previous cardiovascular diseases (CVD) during 24-months. METHODS A total of 114 women (47.0 [44.0; 52.0] years old) with AIC of NYHA class I-III who received doxorubicin for breast cancer were enrolled. RESULTS After 24 months patients had breast cancer remission and were divided into 2 groups: group 1 comprised women with adverse course of AIC (n = 54), group 2 comprised those without it (n = 60). Serum levels of MMP-2 were higher by 8% (p = 0.017) MMP9 by 18.4% (p < 0.001) in group 1 than in group 2. In group 1 the levels of MMP-2 increased (p < 0.001) from 376.8 (329.5; 426.7) to 481.4 (389.8; 518.7) pg/mL, and MMP-9 increased (p < 0.001) from 23.6 (21.4; 24.6) to 26.0 (23.3; 27.0) pg/mL at 24 months. In group 2 the both MMP-2 and MMP-9 level decreased at 24 months. Based on ROC-analysis, the levels of MMP2 ≥ 388.2 pg/mL (AUС = 0.64; р = 0.013) and MMP-9 ≥ 21.25 pg/mL (AUС = 0.9; р < 0.001) were identified as predictors for adverse course of AIHF. The presence of C/C genotype of MMP2 (OR = 4.76; p = 0.029) and C/C genotype of MMP-9 (OR = 15.2; p < 0.0001) were related with adverse course of AIHF and higher levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9. CONCLUSION Gene polymorphisms of MMP-2 (rs243865) and MMP-9 (rs3918242) and serum levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels in women without previous CVD were associated with adverse course of AIC during 24 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Grakova
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Department of Myocardial Pathology, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Sergey N Shilov
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Department of Pathological Physiology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Kristina V Kopeva
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Department of Myocardial Pathology, Tomsk, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina N Berezikova
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Department of Pathological Physiology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anna A Popova
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Department of Pathological Physiology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maria N Neupokoeva
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Department of Pathological Physiology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena T Ratushnyak
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Department of Pathological Physiology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander T Teplyakov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Department of Myocardial Pathology, Tomsk, Russia
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16
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Peeney D, Liu Y, Lazaroff C, Gurung S, Stetler-Stevenson WG. OUP accepted manuscript. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:405-418. [PMID: 35436325 PMCID: PMC9167030 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are a conserved family of proteins that were originally identified as endogenous inhibitors of matrixin and adamalysin endopeptidase activity. The matrixins and adamalysins are the major mediators of extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover, thus making TIMPs important regulators of ECM structure and composition. Despite their high sequence identity and relative redundancy in inhibitory profiles, each TIMP possesses unique biological characteristics that are independent of their regulation of metalloproteinase activity. As our understanding of TIMP biology has evolved, distinct roles have been assigned to individual TIMPs in cancer progression. In this respect, data regarding TIMP2's role in cancer have borne conflicting reports of both tumor suppressor and, to a lesser extent, tumor promoter functions. TIMP2 is the most abundant TIMP family member, prevalent in normal and diseased mammalian tissues as a constitutively expressed protein. Despite its apparent stable expression, recent work highlights how TIMP2 is a cell stress-induced gene product and that its biological activity can be dictated by extracellular posttranslational modifications. Hence an understanding of TIMP2 molecular targets, and how its biological functions evolve in the progressing tumor microenvironment may reveal new therapeutic opportunities. In this review, we discuss the continually evolving functions of TIMP proteins, future perspectives in TIMP research, and the therapeutic utility of this family, with a particular focus on TIMP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Peeney
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: 240-858-3233;
| | - Yueqin Liu
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Carolyn Lazaroff
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sadeechya Gurung
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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17
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Zhu YC, Liang B, Gu N. Cellular and Molecular Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Ventricular Remodeling. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:753095. [PMID: 34926607 PMCID: PMC8671630 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.753095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventricular remodeling is related to the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, immune system, and various cytokines involved in inflammation, apoptosis, and cell signal regulation. Accumulated studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine can significantly inhibit the process of ventricular remodeling, which may be related to the mechanism mentioned above. Here, we conducted a system overview to critically review the cellular and molecular mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine on ventricular remodeling. We mainly searched PubMed for basic research about the anti-ventricular remodeling of traditional Chinese medicine in 5 recent years, and then objectively summarized these researches. We included more than 25 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines including Qi-Li-Qian-Xin, Qi-Shen-Yi-Qi Pill, Xin-Ji-Er-Kang Formula, and Yi-Qi-Wen-Yang Decoction, and found that they can inhibit ventricular remodeling effectively through multi-components and multi-action targets, which are promoting the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chun Zhu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Liang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Gu
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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18
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Wang Z, Wang H, Zhang Y, Yu F, Yu L, Zhang C. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis to characterize cells and gene expression landscapes in atrial septal defect. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:9660-9673. [PMID: 34514716 PMCID: PMC8505850 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the cells and gene expression landscape in atrial septal defect (ASD). We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of cells derived from cardiac tissue of an ASD patient. Unsupervised clustering analysis was performed to identify different cell populations, followed by the investigation of the cellular crosstalk by analysing ligand-receptor interactions across cell types. Finally, differences between ASD and normal samples for all cell types were further investigated. An expression matrix of 18,411 genes in 6487 cells was obtained and used in this analysis. Five cell types, including cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts and macrophages were identified. ASD showed a decreased proportion of cardiomyocytes and an increased proportion of fibroblasts. There was more cellular crosstalk among cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts and macrophages, especially between fibroblast and macrophage. For all cell types, the majority of the DEGs were downregulated in ASD samples. For cardiomyocytes, there were 199 DEGs (42 upregulated and 157 downregulated) between ASD and normal samples. PPI analysis showed that cardiomyocyte marker gene FABP4 interacted with FOS, while FOS showed interaction with NPPA. Cell trajectory analysis showed that FABP4, FOS, and NPPA showed different expression changes along the pseudotime trajectory. Our results showed that single-cell RNA sequencing provides a powerful tool to study DEG profiles in the cell subpopulations of interest at the single-cell level. These findings enhance the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of ASD at both the cellular and molecular level and highlight potential targets for the treatment of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunzhe Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Huating Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Fangpu Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Liwen Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
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Leerink JM, van de Ruit M, Feijen EAM, Kremer LCM, Mavinkurve-Groothuis AMC, Pinto YM, Creemers EE, Kok WEM. Extracellular matrix remodeling in animal models of anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy: a meta-analysis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:1195-1207. [PMID: 34052857 PMCID: PMC8367936 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02098-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
As in other cardiomyopathies, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling plays an important role in anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy. To understand the pattern and timing of ECM remodeling pathways, we conducted a systematic review in which we describe protein and mRNA markers for ECM remodeling that are differentially expressed in the hearts of animals with anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy. We included 68 studies in mice, rats, rabbits, and pigs with follow-up of 0.1-8.2 human equivalent years after anthracycline administration. Using meta-analysis, we found 29 proteins and 11 mRNAs that were differentially expressed in anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy compared to controls. Collagens, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), inflammation markers, transforming growth factor ß signaling markers, and markers for cardiac hypertrophy were upregulated, whereas the protein kinase B (AKT) pro-survival pathway was downregulated. Their expression patterns over time from single time point studies were studied with meta-regression using human equivalent years as the time scale. Connective tissue growth factor showed an early peak in expression but remained upregulated at all studied time points. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and MMP9 protein levels increased in studies with longer follow-up. Significant associations were found for higher atrial natriuretic peptide with interstitial fibrosis and for higher BNP and MMP2 protein levels with left ventricular systolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Leerink
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Mabel van de Ruit
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Yigal M Pinto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther E Creemers
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter E M Kok
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Chen M, Zhou M, Fu Y, Li J, Wang Z. Effects of miR-672 on the angiogenesis of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells during bone regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:85. [PMID: 33494825 PMCID: PMC7836178 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sufficient vascular network plays an important role in the repair of bone defects. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) being a key regulator of angiogenesis has attracted the attention of researchers. In addition, evidence has suggested that BMP2 coordinates with microRNAs (miRNAs) to form intracellular networks regulating mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) angiogenesis. Elucidating the underlying mechanisms that are regulating adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) angiogenesis might provide more effective method to enhance bone regeneration. METHODS We identified the specific miRNA in rat ADSCs during BMP2-induced angiogenesis and chose the most significant differentially expressed miRNA, miR-672. Three lentiviral system named Lenti-miR-672, Lenti-as-miR-672, and Lenti-miR-NC were transduced into the ADSCs individually. Then, the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blotting, and blood vessel formation analysis were performed to investigate the effects of miR-672 on ADSCs angiogenesis. Bioinformation platforms were used to screen the potential target of miR-672. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) against TIMP2 (si-TIMP2) mRNA were obtained from GenePharma, and then si-TIMP2 miRNA and miR-672 were co-transfected into ADSCs to detect the effects of TIMP2 on angiogenesis. Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds that seeded the lentiviral-modified ADSCs were constructed to test the vascularized bone regeneration in vivo. RESULTS Our data showed that after the angiogenesis of ADSCs induced by BMP2, miR-672 was the most significantly upregulated miRNA. Overexpression of miR-672 promoted the angiogenesis of ADSCs, while knockdown of miR-672 repressed the angiogenesis of ADSCs. The bioinformation prediction showed that TIMP2 might be the one of miR-672' potential targets. TIMP2 protein expression was gradually decreased in ADSCs with overexpressed miR-672. And the angiogenic factors were upregulated in the ADSCs which were transduced with si-TIMP2. Then, the CPC scaffolds coupled the miR-672-modified ADSCs and showed the good potential in vascularized bone regeneration. The overexpressed miR-672 could greatly enhance the blood vessel volume and Microfil-labeled blood vessel numbers in newly formed bone. CONCLUSION BMP2 could promote the angiogenesis of ADSCs through stimulating the expression of miR-672 in ADSCs. miR-672 acted as a positive regulator on the angiogenesis of ADSCs, and incorporating the miR-672-modified ADSCs in the CPC could significantly promote the vascularization and the bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjiao Chen
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Zhizaoju Road No. 639, Shanghai, 200011 People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhou
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Zhizaoju Road No. 639, Shanghai, 200011 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Fu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Zhizaoju Road No. 639, Shanghai, 200011 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Li
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Zhizaoju Road No. 639, Shanghai, 200011 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zi Wang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Zhizaoju Road No. 639, Shanghai, 200011 People’s Republic of China
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21
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Bostan MM, Stătescu C, Anghel L, Șerban IL, Cojocaru E, Sascău R. Post-Myocardial Infarction Ventricular Remodeling Biomarkers-The Key Link between Pathophysiology and Clinic. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1587. [PMID: 33238444 PMCID: PMC7700609 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies in recent years have shown increased interest in developing new methods of evaluation, but also in limiting post infarction ventricular remodeling, hoping to improve ventricular function and the further evolution of the patient. This is the point where biomarkers have proven effective in early detection of remodeling phenomena. There are six main processes that promote the remodeling and each of them has specific biomarkers that can be used in predicting the evolution (myocardial necrosis, neurohormonal activation, inflammatory reaction, hypertrophy and fibrosis, apoptosis, mixed processes). Some of the biomarkers such as creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), troponin, and N-terminal-pro type B natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were so convincing that they immediately found their place in the post infarction patient evaluation protocol. Others that are related to more complex processes such as inflammatory biomarkers, atheroma plaque destabilization biomarkers, and microRNA are still being studied, but the results so far are promising. This article aims to review the markers used so far, but also the existing data on new markers that could be considered, taking into consideration the most important studies that have been conducted so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Madălina Bostan
- Internal Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700503 Iasi, Romania; (M.-M.B.); (R.S.)
- Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I.M.Georgescu”, 700503 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristian Stătescu
- Internal Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700503 Iasi, Romania; (M.-M.B.); (R.S.)
- Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I.M.Georgescu”, 700503 Iasi, Romania
| | - Larisa Anghel
- Internal Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700503 Iasi, Romania; (M.-M.B.); (R.S.)
- Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I.M.Georgescu”, 700503 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Elena Cojocaru
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I—Pathology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700503 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Radu Sascău
- Internal Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700503 Iasi, Romania; (M.-M.B.); (R.S.)
- Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I.M.Georgescu”, 700503 Iasi, Romania
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Su C, Wang Q, Luo H, Jiao W, Tang J, Li L, Tian L, Chen X, Liu B, Yu X, Li S, Guo S, Wang W. Si-Miao-Yong-An decoction attenuates cardiac fibrosis via suppressing TGF-β1 pathway and interfering with MMP-TIMPs expression. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110132. [PMID: 32403042 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial fibrosis is an important pathological feature of pressure overload cardiac remodeling. Si-Miao-Yong-An decoction (SMYAD), a traditional Chinese formula, is now clinically used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in China. However, its mechanisms in the prevention of heart failure are not fully revealed. PURPOSE To determine whether treatment with SMYAD for 4 weeks would lead to changes in collagen metabolism and ventricular remodeling in a mice model of heart failure. METHODS Mice were subjected to transverse aorta constriction to generate pressure overload induced cardiac remodeling and then were administered SMYAD (14.85 g/kg/day) or captopril (16.5 mg/kg/day) intragastrically for 4 weeks after surgery. Echocardiography and immunohistochemical examination were used to evaluate the effects of SMYAD. The mRNA of collagen metabolism biomarkers were detected. Protein expression of TGF-β1/Smad and TGF-β1/TAK1/p38 pathway were assessed by Western blot. RESULTS SMYAD significantly improved cardiac function, increased left ventricle ejection fraction, and decreased fibrosis area and αSMA expression. Moreover, SMYAD reduced proteins expression related to collagen metabolism, including Col1, Col3, TIMP2 and CTGF. The increased levels of TGF-β1, Smad2, and Smad3 phosphorylation were attenuated in SMYAD group. In addition, SMYAD reduced the levels of TGF-β1, p-TAK1 and p-p38 compared with TAC group. CONCLUSIONS SMYAD improved cardiac fibrosis and heart failure by inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad and TGF-β1/TAK1/p38 pathway. SMYAD protected against cardiac fibrosis and maintained collagen metabolism balance by regulating MMP-TIMP expression. Taken together, these results indicate that SMYAD might be a promising therapeutic agent against cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congping Su
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hui Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wenchao Jiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiayang Tang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lei Tian
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiangyang Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xue Yu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Sen Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Shuzhen Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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Wang Y, Han L, Shen M, Jones ES, Spizzo I, Walton SL, Denton KM, Gaspari TA, Samuel CS, Widdop RE. Serelaxin and the AT 2 Receptor Agonist CGP42112 Evoked a Similar, Nonadditive, Cardiac Antifibrotic Effect in High Salt-Fed Mice That Were Refractory to Candesartan Cilexetil. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:76-87. [PMID: 32259090 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is involved in the majority of cardiovascular diseases and is a key contributor to end-organ dysfunction. In the current study, the antifibrotic effects of recombinant human relaxin-2 (serelaxin; RLX) and/or the AT2R agonist CGP42112 (CGP) were compared with those of the established AT1R antagonist, candesartan cilexetil (CAND), in a high salt-induced cardiac fibrosis model. High salt (HS; 5%) for 8 weeks did not increase systolic blood pressure in male FVB/N mice, but CAND treatment alone significantly reduced systolic blood pressure from HS-induced levels. HS significantly increased cardiac interstitial fibrosis, which was reduced by either RLX and/or CGP, which were not additive under the current experimental conditions, while CAND failed to reduce HS-induced cardiac fibrosis. The antifibrotic effects induced by RLX and/or CGP were associated with reduced myofibroblast differentiation. Additionally, all treatments inhibited the HS-induced elevation in tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1, together with trends for increased MMP-13 expression, that collectively would favor collagen degradation. Furthermore, these antifibrotic effects were associated with reduced cardiac inflammation. Collectively, these results highlight that either RXFP1 or AT2R stimulation represents novel therapeutic strategies to target fibrotic conditions, particularly in HS states that may be refractory to AT1R blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Lei Han
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Matthew Shen
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Emma S Jones
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Iresha Spizzo
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Sarah L Walton
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Kate M Denton
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Tracey A Gaspari
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Chrishan S Samuel
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Robert E Widdop
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
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Jana S, Hu M, Shen M, Kassiri Z. Extracellular matrix, regional heterogeneity of the aorta, and aortic aneurysm. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-15. [PMID: 31857579 PMCID: PMC6923362 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0286-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic aneurysm is an asymptomatic disease with dire outcomes if undiagnosed. Aortic aneurysm rupture is a significant cause of death worldwide. To date, surgical repair or endovascular repair (EVAR) is the only effective treatment for aortic aneurysm, as no pharmacological treatment has been found effective. Aortic aneurysm, a focal dilation of the aorta, can be formed in the thoracic (TAA) or the abdominal (AAA) region; however, our understanding as to what determines the site of aneurysm formation remains quite limited. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the noncellular component of the aortic wall, that in addition to providing structural support, regulates bioavailability of an array of growth factors and cytokines, thereby influencing cell function and behavior that ultimately determine physiological or pathological remodeling of the aortic wall. Here, we provide an overview of the ECM proteins that have been reported to be involved in aortic aneurysm formation in humans or animal models, and the experimental models for TAA and AAA and the link to ECM manipulations. We also provide a comparative analysis, where data available, between TAA and AAA, and how aberrant ECM proteolysis versus disrupted synthesis may determine the site of aneurysm formation. A review of aneurysm formation, swelling in blood vessel, in the aorta, examines distinctions between two forms of the condition and the role of proteins in the extracellular matrix which surrounds cells of the arterial wall. Rupture of aneurysms in the aorta, the body’s main artery, is a major cause of death. Researchers led by Zamaneh Kassiri at the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, emphasize that aneurysms in the thoracic and abdominal regions of the aorta are distinct conditions with crucial differences in their causes. Disrupted production and assembly of the extracellular matrix and its proteins may underlie thoracic aneurysm formation. Factors triggering the degradation of extracellular matrix proteins may be more significant in abdominal aneurysms. Understanding the differing molecular mechanisms involved could help address the current lack of effective drug treatments for these dangerous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Jana
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mei Hu
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mengcheng Shen
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Jana S, Zhang H, Lopaschuk GD, Freed DH, Sergi C, Kantor PF, Oudit GY, Kassiri Z. Disparate Remodeling of the Extracellular Matrix and Proteoglycans in Failing Pediatric Versus Adult Hearts. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 7:e010427. [PMID: 30371322 PMCID: PMC6404896 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.010427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common cause of heart failure in adult and pediatric patients, but the underlying mechanism may vary in adults and children, with few studies conducted to date. The objective of the present study was to determine whether differential remodeling of the extracellular matrix contributes to the differences between pediatric and adult DCM hearts. Methods and Results Explanted hearts were procured from adult (age, 46–61 years) and pediatric (age, 2–8) patients with DCM‐related heart failure and nonfailing control hearts. Fibrillar and nonfibrillar extracellular matrix (proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, glycoprotein), their regulatory enzymes (matrix metalloproteinases, disintegrin and metalloproteinases, and disintegrin and metalloproteinases with a thrombospondin domain), and their inhibitors (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases) were assessed. Pediatric DCM hearts exhibited less fibrosis compared with adult DCMs. Total glycosaminoglycans increased similarly in both DCM groups but exhibited a significantly lower affinity for transforming growth factor‐β in adult DCMs versus pediatric DCMs, resulting in increased bioavailability of transforming growth factor‐β1 and a significantly higher activity of the Smad2/3 pathway in adult DCMs. Glycosylated biglycan and versican, and cleaved thrombospondin‐1 increased in both DCMs. Protein expression of disintegrin and metalloproteinases with thrombospondin domains (‐1, ‐2, ‐4, ‐7) and disintegrin and metalloproteinases (‐12, ‐15, ‐17, ‐19) were altered differently in pediatric and adult control and failing hearts. Total matrix metalloproteinase activity increased in both DCMs. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase levels were altered similarly with heart failure in both age groups, and only tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 decreased in both DCM groups. Conclusions Differential remodeling of glycosaminoglycans in pediatric DCMs versus adult DCMs could underlie the enhanced activation of the transforming growth factor‐β pathway, leading to more fibrosis in adult DCM hearts. The distinct remodeling of the fibrillar and nonfibrillar extracellular matrix between pediatric and adult DCM hearts highlights a distinct pathophysiological basis for these cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Jana
- 1 Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton AB.,6 Cardiovascular Research Centre Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Hao Zhang
- 2 Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton AB.,6 Cardiovascular Research Centre Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Gary D Lopaschuk
- 3 Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton AB.,6 Cardiovascular Research Centre Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Darren H Freed
- 1 Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton AB.,5 Division of Cardiac Surgery Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton AB.,6 Cardiovascular Research Centre Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Consolato Sergi
- 4 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton AB.,6 Cardiovascular Research Centre Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Paul F Kantor
- 3 Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton AB.,6 Cardiovascular Research Centre Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Gavin Y Oudit
- 2 Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton AB.,6 Cardiovascular Research Centre Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- 1 Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton AB.,6 Cardiovascular Research Centre Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute Edmonton Alberta Canada
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Exosomes Derived from TIMP2-Modified Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhance the Repair Effect in Rat Model with Myocardial Infarction Possibly by the Akt/Sfrp2 Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1958941. [PMID: 31182988 PMCID: PMC6512021 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1958941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs) are a promising new therapeutic option for myocardial infarction (MI). The tissue matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor 2, also known as TIMP2, is a member of the tissue inhibitor family of metalloproteinases. Since TIMP2-mediated inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is a key determinant of post-MI remodeling, we analyzed the therapeutic effects of exosomes derived from TIMP2-overexpressing hucMSCs (huc-exoTIMP2) on the MI rat model. The huc-exoTIMP2 significantly improved in vivo cardiac function as measured by echocardiography and promoted angiogenesis in MI injury. It also restricted extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, as indicated by the reduced collagen deposition. In addition, huc-exoTIMP2 administration increased the in situ expression of the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 and decreased that of the proapoptotic Bax and pro-caspase-9 in the infracted myocardium. Meanwhile, huc-exoTIMP2 upregulated superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as glutathione (GSH) and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in MI models. In vitro huc-exoTIMP2 pretreatment could inhibit H2O2-mediated H9C2-cardiomyocyte apoptosis and promote human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation, migration, and tube formation, as well as decrease TGFβ-induced MMP2, MMP9, and α-SMA secretion by cardiac fibroblasts (CFs). Besides that, huc-exoTIMP2 pretreatment also increased the expression of Akt phosphorylation in the infarcted myocardium, which may relate to a high level of secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (Sfrp2) in huc-exoTIMP2, indicating a mechanistic basis of its action. Importantly, Sfrp2 knockdown in huc-exoTIMP2 abrogated the protective effects. Taken together, huc-exoTIMP2 improved cardiac function by alleviating MI-induced oxidative stress and ECM remodeling, partly via the Akt/Sfrp2 pathway.
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27
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Chintalgattu V, Greenberg J, Singh S, Chiueh V, Gilbert A, O'Neill JW, Smith S, Jackson S, Khakoo AY, Lee T. Utility of Glycosylated TIMP3 molecules: Inhibition of MMPs and TACE to improve cardiac function in rat myocardial infarct model. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2018; 6:e00442. [PMID: 30459952 PMCID: PMC6234480 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3) is a secreted protein that has a great utility to inhibit elevated metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in injured tissues including infarcted cardiac tissue, inflamed vessels, and joint cartilages. An imbalance between TIMP3 and active MMP levels in the local tissue area may cause worsening of disease progression. To counter balance elevated MMP levels, exogenous administration of TIMP3 appeared to be beneficial in preclinical studies. However, the current form of WT-TIMP3 molecule has a limitation to be a therapeutic candidate due to low production yield, short plasma half-life, injection site retention, and difficulty in delivery, etc. We have engineered TIMP3 molecules by adding extra glycosylation sites or fusing with albumin, Fc, and antibody to improve pharmacokinetic properties. In general, the C-terminal fusion of TIMP3 improved expression and production in mammalian cells and extended half-lives dramatically 5-20 folds. Of note, a site-specific glycosylation at K22S/F34N resulted in a higher level of expression and better cardiac function compared to other fusion proteins in the context of left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) changes in a rat myocardial infarction model. It appeared that cardiac efficacy depends on a high ECM binding affinity, in which K22S/F34N and N-TIMP3 showed a higher binding to the ECM compared to other engineered molecules. In conclusion, we found that the ECM binding and sustained residence of injected TIMP3 molecules are important for cardiac tissue localization and inhibition of adverse remodeling activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Chintalgattu
- Cardiometabolic Disorders & Therapeutic DiscoveryAmgen Discovery ResearchSouth San FranciscoCalifornia
| | - Joanne Greenberg
- Cardiometabolic Disorders & Therapeutic DiscoveryAmgen Discovery ResearchSouth San FranciscoCalifornia
| | - Shivani Singh
- Cardiometabolic Disorders & Therapeutic DiscoveryAmgen Discovery ResearchSouth San FranciscoCalifornia
| | - Venice Chiueh
- Cardiometabolic Disorders & Therapeutic DiscoveryAmgen Discovery ResearchSouth San FranciscoCalifornia
| | - Amy Gilbert
- Cardiometabolic Disorders & Therapeutic DiscoveryAmgen Discovery ResearchSouth San FranciscoCalifornia
| | - Jason W. O'Neill
- Cardiometabolic Disorders & Therapeutic DiscoveryAmgen Discovery ResearchSouth San FranciscoCalifornia
| | - Stephen Smith
- Cardiometabolic Disorders & Therapeutic DiscoveryAmgen Discovery ResearchSouth San FranciscoCalifornia
| | - Simon Jackson
- Cardiometabolic Disorders & Therapeutic DiscoveryAmgen Discovery ResearchSouth San FranciscoCalifornia
| | - Aarif Y. Khakoo
- Cardiometabolic Disorders & Therapeutic DiscoveryAmgen Discovery ResearchSouth San FranciscoCalifornia
| | - TaeWeon Lee
- Cardiometabolic Disorders & Therapeutic DiscoveryAmgen Discovery ResearchSouth San FranciscoCalifornia
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Relationship of polymorphisms in the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and -2 genes with chronic heart failure. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9446. [PMID: 29930267 PMCID: PMC6013444 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27857-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated expression of tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) is associated with systolic dysfunction and worsening heart failure (HF). However, no study has assessed the relationship between TIMP polymorphisms and chronic HF. In this study, 300 HF outpatients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and 304 healthy blood donors were genotyped for the 372 T > C polymorphism (Phe124Phe; rs4898) in the TIMP-1 gene and the −418 G > C polymorphism (rs8179090) in the TIMP-2 gene to investigate whether these polymorphisms are associated with HF susceptibility and prognosis. The genotype and allele frequencies of the 372 T > C polymorphism in HF patients were not significantly different from those observed among healthy subjects, and the C allele of the −418 G > C polymorphism was very rare in our population (frequency < 1%). After a median follow-up duration of 5.5 years, 121 patients (40.3%) died (67 of them from HF). Survival analysis did not show statistically significant differences in all-cause death and HF-related death between patients with and without the T allele (P > 0.05 for all comparisons). Thus, our findings do not support the hypothesis that the 372 T > C (Phe124Phe) polymorphism in the TIMP-1 gene and the −418 G > C polymorphism in the TIMP-2 gene are associated with HF susceptibility and prognosis in Southern Brazilians.
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29
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Wang R, Su C, Wang X, Fu Q, Gao X, Zhang C, Yang J, Yang X, Wei M. Global gene expression analysis combined with a genomics approach for the identification of signal transduction networks involved in postnatal mouse myocardial proliferation and development. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:311-321. [PMID: 29115400 PMCID: PMC5746306 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cardiomyocytes may permanently lose their ability to proliferate after birth. Therefore, studying the proliferation and growth arrest of cardiomyocytes during the postnatal period may enhance the current understanding regarding this molecular mechanism. The present study identified the differentially expressed genes in hearts obtained from 24 h-old mice, which contain proliferative cardiomyocytes; 7-day-old mice, in which the cardiomyocytes are undergoing a proliferative burst; and 10-week-old mice, which contain growth-arrested cardiomyocytes, using global gene expression analysis. Furthermore, myocardial proliferation and growth arrest were analyzed from numerous perspectives, including Gene Ontology annotation, cluster analysis, pathway enrichment and network construction. The results of a Gene Ontology analysis indicated that, with increasing age, enriched gene function was not only associated with cell cycle, cell division and mitosis, but was also associated with metabolic processes and protein synthesis. In the pathway analysis, 'cell cycle', proliferation pathways, such as the 'PI3K-AKT signaling pathway', and 'metabolic pathways' were well represented. Notably, the cluster analysis revealed that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)1, BMP10, cyclin E2, E2F transcription factor 1 and insulin like growth factor 1 exhibited increased expression in hearts obtained from 7-day-old mice. In addition, the signal transduction pathway associated with the cell cycle was identified. The present study primarily focused on genes with altered expression, including downregulated anaphase promoting complex subunit 1, cell division cycle (CDC20), cyclin dependent kinase 1, MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor and CDC25C, and upregulated growth arrest and DNA damage inducible α in 10-week group, which may serve important roles in postnatal myocardial cell cycle arrest. In conclusion, these data may provide important information regarding myocardial proliferation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxin Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Chao Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Xinting Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Xingjie Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Minxin Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
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30
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Murtha LA, Schuliga MJ, Mabotuwana NS, Hardy SA, Waters DW, Burgess JK, Knight DA, Boyle AJ. The Processes and Mechanisms of Cardiac and Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Physiol 2017; 8:777. [PMID: 29075197 PMCID: PMC5643461 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is the formation of fibrous connective tissue in response to injury. It is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix components, particularly collagen, at the site of injury. Fibrosis is an adaptive response that is a vital component of wound healing and tissue repair. However, its continued activation is highly detrimental and a common final pathway of numerous disease states including cardiovascular and respiratory disease. Worldwide, fibrotic diseases cause over 800,000 deaths per year, accounting for ~45% of total deaths. With an aging population, the incidence of fibrotic disease and subsequently the number of fibrosis-related deaths will rise further. Although, fibrosis is a well-recognized cause of morbidity and mortality in a range of disease states, there are currently no viable therapies to reverse the effects of chronic fibrosis. Numerous predisposing factors contribute to the development of fibrosis. Biological aging in particular, interferes with repair of damaged tissue, accelerating the transition to pathological remodeling, rather than a process of resolution and regeneration. When fibrosis progresses in an uncontrolled manner, it results in the irreversible stiffening of the affected tissue, which can lead to organ malfunction and death. Further investigation into the mechanisms of fibrosis is necessary to elucidate novel, much needed, therapeutic targets. Fibrosis of the heart and lung make up a significant proportion of fibrosis-related deaths. It has long been established that the heart and lung are functionally and geographically linked when it comes to health and disease, and thus exploring the processes and mechanisms that contribute to fibrosis of each organ, the focus of this review, may help to highlight potential avenues of therapeutic investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy A Murtha
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael J Schuliga
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Nishani S Mabotuwana
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Sean A Hardy
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - David W Waters
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Janette K Burgess
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, W. J. Kolff Research Institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BS, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Research and Innovation Conjoint, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J Boyle
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
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31
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Vestri A, Pierucci F, Frati A, Monaco L, Meacci E. Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptors: Do They Have a Therapeutic Potential in Cardiac Fibrosis? Front Pharmacol 2017. [PMID: 28626422 PMCID: PMC5454082 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid that is characterized by a peculiar mechanism of action. In fact, S1P, which is produced inside the cell, can act as an intracellular mediator, whereas after its export outside the cell, it can act as ligand of specific G-protein coupled receptors, which were initially named endothelial differentiation gene (Edg) and eventually renamed sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs). Among the five S1PR subtypes, S1PR1, S1PR2 and S1PR3 isoforms show broad tissue gene expression, while S1PR4 is primarily expressed in immune system cells, and S1PR5 is expressed in the central nervous system. There is accumulating evidence for the important role of S1P as a mediator of many processes, such as angiogenesis, carcinogenesis and immunity, and, ultimately, fibrosis. After a tissue injury, the imbalance between the production of extracellular matrix (ECM) and its degradation, which occurs due to chronic inflammatory conditions, leads to an accumulation of ECM and, consequential, organ dysfunction. In these pathological conditions, many factors have been described to act as pro- and anti-fibrotic agents, including S1P. This bioactive lipid exhibits both pro- and anti-fibrotic effects, depending on its site of action. In this review, after a brief description of sphingolipid metabolism and signaling, we emphasize the involvement of the S1P/S1PR axis and the downstream signaling pathways in the development of fibrosis. The current knowledge of the therapeutic potential of S1PR subtype modulators in the treatment of the cardiac functions and fibrinogenesis are also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambra Vestri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Molecular and Applied Biology Research Unit, University of FlorenceFlorence, Italy
| | - Federica Pierucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Molecular and Applied Biology Research Unit, University of FlorenceFlorence, Italy.,Interuniversity Institutes of MyologyFirenze, Italy
| | - Alessia Frati
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Molecular and Applied Biology Research Unit, University of FlorenceFlorence, Italy
| | - Lucia Monaco
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Meacci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Molecular and Applied Biology Research Unit, University of FlorenceFlorence, Italy.,Interuniversity Institutes of MyologyFirenze, Italy
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32
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Takawale A, Zhang P, Azad A, Wang W, Wang X, Murray AG, Kassiri Z. Myocardial overexpression of TIMP3 after myocardial infarction exerts beneficial effects by promoting angiogenesis and suppressing early proteolysis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H224-H236. [PMID: 28550172 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00108.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) results in loss of cardiomyocytes, adverse extracellular matrix (ECM) and structural remodeling, and left ventricular (LV) dilation and dysfunction. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMPs) inhibit matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), the main regulators of ECM turnover. TIMPs also have MMP-independent functions. TIMP3 levels are reduced in the heart within 24 h of MI in mice. We investigated if overexpression of TIMP3 post-MI limits adverse remodeling and LV dilation and dysfunction. MI was induced by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation in 10- to 12-wk-old male C57BL/6J mice, and adenoviral constructs expressing human (h)TIMP3 (Ad-hTIMP3) or no TIMP (Ad-Null) were injected in the peri-infarct zone (5.4 × 107 plaque-forming units/heart, 5 injections/heart). Cardiac function assessed by echocardiography showed improved LV physiology and reduced LV dilation after TIMP3 overexpression compared with the Ad-Null-MI group. Post-MI adverse remodeling was attenuated in the Ad-hTIMP3-MI group, as assessed by greater cardiomyocyte density, less infarct expansion, and ECM disruption. TIMP3 overexpression blunted the early rise in proteolytic activities post-MI. A higher density of coronary arteries and a greater number of proliferating endothelial cells were detected in the infarct and peri-infarct regions in the Ad-hTIMP3-MI group compared with the Ad-Null-MI group. In vitro three-dimensional angiogenesis assay confirmed that recombinant TIMP3 promotes angiogenesis in human endothelial cells, although biphasically and in a dose-dependent manner. Intriguingly, overexpression of Ad-hTIMP3 at 10-fold higher concentration had no beneficial effects, consistent with antiangiogenic effects of TIMP3 at higher doses. In conclusion, optimal overexpression of TIMP3 can be a promising therapeutic approach to limit adverse post-MI remodeling by dually inhibiting early proteolysis and promoting angiogenesis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we report that tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 overexpression after myocardial infarction improves myocardial structural remodeling and function by promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting early proteolysis. This demonstrates the therapeutic potential of preserving the local balance of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 in the heart given its diverse functions in modulating different processes involved in the adverse postmyocardial infarction remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Takawale
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pu Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Abul Azad
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and
| | - Wang Wang
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xiuhua Wang
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Allan G Murray
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; .,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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33
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Mottaghitalab F, Rastegari A, Farokhi M, Dinarvand R, Hosseinkhani H, Ou KL, Pack DW, Mao C, Dinarvand M, Fatahi Y, Atyabi F. Prospects of siRNA applications in regenerative medicine. Int J Pharm 2017; 524:312-329. [PMID: 28385649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has established its reputation in the field of tissue engineering owing to its ability to silence the proteins that inhibit tissue regeneration. siRNA is capable of regulating cellular behavior during tissue regeneration processes. The concept of using siRNA technology in regenerative medicine derived from its ability to inhibit the expression of target genes involved in defective tissues and the possibility to induce the expression of tissue-inductive factors that improve the tissue regeneration process. To date, siRNA has been used as a suppressive biomolecule in different tissues, such as nervous tissue, bone, cartilage, heart, kidney, and liver. Moreover, various delivery systems have been applied in order to deliver siRNA to the target tissues. This review will provide an in-depth discussion on the development of siRNA and their delivery systems and mechanisms of action in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mottaghitalab
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Rastegari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Farokhi
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinkhani
- Innovation Center for Advanced Technology, Matrix, Inc., New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Keng-Liang Ou
- Research Center for Biomedical Devices and Prototyping Production, Research Center for Biomedical Implants and Microsurgery Devices, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Daniel W Pack
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Science Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019, United States; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Meshkat Dinarvand
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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34
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Meschiari CA, Ero OK, Pan H, Finkel T, Lindsey ML. The impact of aging on cardiac extracellular matrix. GeroScience 2017; 39:7-18. [PMID: 28299638 PMCID: PMC5352584 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-017-9959-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related changes in cardiac homeostasis can be observed at the cellular, extracellular, and tissue levels. Progressive cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, inflammation, and the gradual development of cardiac fibrosis are hallmarks of cardiac aging. In the absence of a secondary insult such as hypertension, these changes are subtle and result in slight to moderate impaired myocardial function, particularly diastolic function. While collagen deposition and cross-linking increase during aging, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation capacity also increases due to increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Of the MMPs elevated with cardiac aging, MMP-9 has been extensively evaluated and its roles are reviewed here. In addition to proteolytic activity on ECM components, MMPs oversee cell signaling during the aging process by modulating cytokine, chemokine, growth factor, hormone, and angiogenic factor expression and activity. In association with elevated MMP-9, macrophage numbers increase in an age-dependent manner to regulate the ECM and angiogenic responses. Understanding the complexity of the molecular interactions between MMPs and the ECM in the context of aging may provide novel diagnostic indicators for the early detection of age-related fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar A Meschiari
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Room G351-04, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Osasere Kelvin Ero
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Room G351-04, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Haihui Pan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Toren Finkel
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Room G351-04, Jackson, MS, USA.
- G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216-4505, USA.
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35
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Deddens JC, Sadeghi AH, Hjortnaes J, van Laake LW, Buijsrogge M, Doevendans PA, Khademhosseini A, Sluijter JPG. Modeling the Human Scarred Heart In Vitro: Toward New Tissue Engineered Models. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 27906521 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling is critical for effective tissue healing, however, excessive production and deposition of extracellular matrix components contribute to scarring and failing of the heart. Despite the fact that novel therapies have emerged, there are still no lifelong solutions for this problem. An urgent need exists to improve the understanding of adverse cardiac remodeling in order to develop new therapeutic interventions that will prevent, reverse, or regenerate the fibrotic changes in the failing heart. With recent advances in both disease biology and cardiac tissue engineering, the translation of fundamental laboratory research toward the treatment of chronic heart failure patients becomes a more realistic option. Here, the current understanding of cardiac fibrosis and the great potential of tissue engineering are presented. Approaches using hydrogel-based tissue engineered heart constructs are discussed to contemplate key challenges for modeling tissue engineered cardiac fibrosis and to provide a future outlook for preclinical and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine C. Deddens
- Department of Cardiology; University Medical Center Utrecht; 3584CX Utrecht The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute (ICIN); 3584CX Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Amir Hossein Sadeghi
- Department of Cardiology; University Medical Center Utrecht; 3584CX Utrecht The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Division Heart and Lungs; University Medical Center Utrecht; 3584CX Utrecht The Netherlands
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center; Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Jesper Hjortnaes
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Division Heart and Lungs; University Medical Center Utrecht; 3584CX Utrecht The Netherlands
- UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center; University Medical Center Utrecht; 3584CT Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Linda W. van Laake
- Department of Cardiology; University Medical Center Utrecht; 3584CX Utrecht The Netherlands
- UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center; University Medical Center Utrecht; 3584CT Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Marc Buijsrogge
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Division Heart and Lungs; University Medical Center Utrecht; 3584CX Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Pieter A. Doevendans
- Department of Cardiology; University Medical Center Utrecht; 3584CX Utrecht The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute (ICIN); 3584CX Utrecht The Netherlands
- UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center; University Medical Center Utrecht; 3584CT Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center; Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering; Harvard University; Boston MA 02115 USA
- Department of Physics; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah 21569 Saudi Arabia
| | - Joost P. G. Sluijter
- Department of Cardiology; University Medical Center Utrecht; 3584CX Utrecht The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute (ICIN); 3584CX Utrecht The Netherlands
- UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center; University Medical Center Utrecht; 3584CT Utrecht The Netherlands
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36
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Arkadash V, Yosef G, Shirian J, Cohen I, Horev Y, Grossman M, Sagi I, Radisky ES, Shifman JM, Papo N. Development of High Affinity and High Specificity Inhibitors of Matrix Metalloproteinase 14 through Computational Design and Directed Evolution. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:3481-3495. [PMID: 28087697 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.756718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Degradation of the extracellular matrices in the human body is controlled by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a family of more than 20 homologous enzymes. Imbalance in MMP activity can result in many diseases, such as arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, fibrosis, and cancers. Thus, MMPs present attractive targets for drug design and have been a focus for inhibitor design for as long as 3 decades. Yet, to date, all MMP inhibitors have failed in clinical trials because of their broad activity against numerous MMP family members and the serious side effects of the proposed treatment. In this study, we integrated a computational method and a yeast surface display technique to obtain highly specific inhibitors of MMP-14 by modifying the natural non-specific broad MMP inhibitor protein N-TIMP2 to interact optimally with MMP-14. We identified an N-TIMP2 mutant, with five mutations in its interface, that has an MMP-14 inhibition constant (Ki ) of 0.9 pm, the strongest MMP-14 inhibitor reported so far. Compared with wild-type N-TIMP2, this variant displays ∼900-fold improved affinity toward MMP-14 and up to 16,000-fold greater specificity toward MMP-14 relative to other MMPs. In an in vitro and cell-based model of MMP-dependent breast cancer cellular invasiveness, this N-TIMP2 mutant acted as a functional inhibitor. Thus, our study demonstrates the enormous potential of a combined computational/directed evolution approach to protein engineering. Furthermore, it offers fundamental clues into the molecular basis of MMP regulation by N-TIMP2 and identifies a promising MMP-14 inhibitor as a starting point for the development of protein-based anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Arkadash
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Gal Yosef
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Jason Shirian
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Itay Cohen
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yuval Horev
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Moran Grossman
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Irit Sagi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Evette S Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida 32224
| | - Julia M Shifman
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Niv Papo
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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37
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Ferretti G, Bacchetti T, Banach M, Simental-Mendía LE, Sahebkar A. Impact of Statin Therapy on Plasma MMP-3, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 Concentrations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials. Angiology 2017; 68:850-862. [DOI: 10.1177/0003319716688301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are associated with the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Statin therapy has been shown to modulate MMPs and TIMP-1 levels, but clinical findings have not been conclusive. This study aimed to systematically review the clinical findings on the impact of statin therapy on plasma MMP-9, MMP-3, and TIMP-1 levels and calculate an effect size for the mentioned effect through a meta-analysis of available data. A total of 10 eligible studies with 11 treatment arms were included in the meta-analysis. Statin therapy had no significant effect on plasma MMP-9 (standardized mean difference [SMD]: −0.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.69 to 0.24, P = .345) nor MMP-3 concentrations (SMD: −0.004, 95% CI: −0.60 to 0.59, P = .990). However, meta-analysis demonstrated that statin therapy significantly decreases plasma TIMP-1 levels (SMD: −0.30, 95% CI: −0.56 to −0.03, P = .029). Random-effects meta-regression indicated that neither treatment duration nor changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels are associated with changes in plasma MMP-9 levels following statin therapy. The results of the present meta-analysis suggested a significant reduction in plasma concentrations of TIMP-1, but not MMP-9 and MMP-3, following statin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianna Ferretti
- Dipartimento di Scienze cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Tiziana Bacchetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Metabolic Research Centre, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Atorvastatin Improves Ventricular Remodeling after Myocardial Infarction by Interfering with Collagen Metabolism. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166845. [PMID: 27880844 PMCID: PMC5120826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Therapeutic strategies that modulate ventricular remodeling can be useful after acute myocardial infarction (MI). In particular, statins may exert effects on molecular pathways involved in collagen metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine whether treatment with atorvastatin for 4 weeks would lead to changes in collagen metabolism and ventricular remodeling in a rat model of MI. Methods Male Wistar rats were used in this study. MI was induced in rats by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Animals were randomized into three groups, according to treatment: sham surgery without LAD ligation (sham group, n = 14), LAD ligation followed by 10mg atorvastatin/kg/day for 4 weeks (atorvastatin group, n = 24), or LAD ligation followed by saline solution for 4 weeks (control group, n = 27). After 4 weeks, hemodynamic characteristics were obtained by a pressure-volume catheter. Hearts were removed, and the left ventricles were subjected to histologic analysis of the extents of fibrosis and collagen deposition, as well as the myocyte cross-sectional area. Expression levels of mediators involved in collagen metabolism and inflammation were also assessed. Results End-diastolic volume, fibrotic content, and myocyte cross-sectional area were significantly reduced in the atorvastatin compared to the control group. Atorvastatin modulated expression levels of proteins related to collagen metabolism, including MMP1, TIMP1, COL I, PCPE, and SPARC, in remote infarct regions. Atorvastatin had anti-inflammatory effects, as indicated by lower expression levels of TLR4, IL-1, and NF-kB p50. Conclusion Treatment with atorvastatin for 4 weeks was able to attenuate ventricular dysfunction, fibrosis, and left ventricular hypertrophy after MI in rats, perhaps in part through effects on collagen metabolism and inflammation. Atorvastatin may be useful for limiting ventricular remodeling after myocardial ischemic events.
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Talman V, Ruskoaho H. Cardiac fibrosis in myocardial infarction-from repair and remodeling to regeneration. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 365:563-81. [PMID: 27324127 PMCID: PMC5010608 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2431-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 543] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic cell death during a myocardial infarction leads to a multiphase reparative response in which the damaged tissue is replaced with a fibrotic scar produced by fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. This also induces geometrical, biomechanical, and biochemical changes in the uninjured ventricular wall eliciting a reactive remodeling process that includes interstitial and perivascular fibrosis. Although the initial reparative fibrosis is crucial for preventing rupture of the ventricular wall, an exaggerated fibrotic response and reactive fibrosis outside the injured area are detrimental as they lead to progressive impairment of cardiac function and eventually to heart failure. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the mechanisms of both reparative and reactive cardiac fibrosis in response to myocardial infarction, discuss the potential of inducing cardiac regeneration through direct reprogramming of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts into cardiomyocytes, and review the currently available and potential future therapeutic strategies to inhibit cardiac fibrosis. Graphical abstract Reparative response following a myocardial infarction. Hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte death leads to the activation of myofibroblasts and a reparative fibrotic response in the injured area. Right top In adult mammals, the fibrotic scar formed at the infarcted area is permanent and promotes reactive fibrosis in the uninjured myocardium. Right bottom In teleost fish and newts and in embryonic and neonatal mammals, the initial formation of a fibrotic scar is followed by regeneration of the cardiac muscle tissue. Induction of post-infarction cardiac regeneration in adult mammals is currently the target of intensive research and drug discovery attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virpi Talman
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Heikki Ruskoaho
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
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Polyphenols and Polypeptides in Chinese Rice Wine Inhibit Homocysteine-induced Proliferation and Migration of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2016; 67:482-90. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Horn MA, Trafford AW. Aging and the cardiac collagen matrix: Novel mediators of fibrotic remodelling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 93:175-85. [PMID: 26578393 PMCID: PMC4945757 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide and there is a pressing need for new therapeutic strategies to treat such conditions. The risk of developing cardiovascular disease increases dramatically with age, yet the majority of experimental research is executed using young animals. The cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), consisting predominantly of fibrillar collagen, preserves myocardial integrity, provides a means of force transmission and supports myocyte geometry. Disruptions to the finely balanced control of collagen synthesis, post-synthetic deposition, post-translational modification and degradation may have detrimental effects on myocardial functionality. It is now well established that the aged heart is characterized by fibrotic remodelling, but the mechanisms responsible for this are incompletely understood. Furthermore, studies using aged animal models suggest that interstitial remodelling with disease may be age-dependent. Thus with the identification of new therapeutic strategies targeting fibrotic remodelling, it may be necessary to consider age-dependent mechanisms. In this review, we discuss remodelling of the cardiac collagen matrix as a function of age, whilst highlighting potential novel mediators of age-dependent fibrotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux A Horn
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, 3.06 Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom.
| | - Andrew W Trafford
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, 3.06 Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom
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Ferreiro SF, Vilariño N, Carrera C, Louzao MC, Cantalapiedra AG, Santamarina G, Cifuentes JM, Vieira AC, Botana LM. Subacute Cardiovascular Toxicity of the Marine Phycotoxin Azaspiracid-1 in Rats. Toxicol Sci 2016; 151:104-14. [PMID: 26865666 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Azaspiracids (AZAs) are marine toxins produced by Azadinium spinosum that get accumulated in filter feeding shellfish through the food-web. The first intoxication was described in The Netherlands in 1990, and since then several episodes have been reported worldwide. Azaspiracid-1, AZA-2, and AZA-3 presence in shellfish is regulated by food safety authorities of several countries to protect human health. Azaspiracids have been related to widespread organ damage, tumorogenic properties and acute heart rhythm alterations in vivo but the mechanism of action remains unknown. Azaspiracid toxicity kinetics in vivo and in vitro suggests accumulative effects. We studied subacute cardiotoxicity in vivo after repeated exposure to AZA-1 by evaluation of the ECG, arterial blood pressure, plasmatic heart damage biomarkers, and myocardium structure and ultrastructure. Our results showed that four administrations of AZA-1 along 15 days caused functional signs of heart failure and structural heart alterations in rats at doses ranging from 1 to 55 µg/kg. Azaspiracid-1 altered arterial blood pressure, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 plasma levels, heart collagen deposition, and ultrastructure of the myocardium. Overall, these data indicate that repeated exposure to low amounts of AZA-1 causes cardiotoxicity, at doses that do not induce signs of other organic system toxicity. Remarkably, human exposure to AZAs considering current regulatory limits of these toxins may be dangerously close to clearly cardiotoxic doses in rats. These findings should be considered when human risk is estimated particularly in high cardiovascular risk subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cristina Carrera
- *Departamento de Farmacología Hospital Veterinario Universitario Rof Codina
| | | | - Antonio G Cantalapiedra
- Hospital Veterinario Universitario Rof Codina Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias
| | - Germán Santamarina
- Hospital Veterinario Universitario Rof Codina Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias
| | - J Manuel Cifuentes
- Departamento de Anatomía y Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain
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Extracellular matrix-mediated cellular communication in the heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 91:228-37. [PMID: 26778458 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex and dynamic scaffold that maintains tissue structure and dynamics. However, the view of the ECM as an inert architectural support has been increasingly challenged. The ECM is a vibrant meshwork, a crucial organizer of cellular microenvironments. It plays a direct role in cellular interactions regulating cell growth, survival, spreading, proliferation, differentiation and migration through the intricate relationship among cellular and acellular tissue components. This complex interrelationship preserves cardiac function during homeostasis; however it is also responsible for pathologic remodeling following myocardial injury. Therefore, enhancing our understanding of this cross-talk may provide mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of heart failure and suggest new approaches to novel, targeted pharmacologic therapies. This review explores the implications of ECM-cell interactions in myocardial cell behavior and cardiac function at baseline and following myocardial injury.
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Kapeller B, Mueller J, Losert U, Podesser BK, Macfelda K. Microcurrent stimulation promotes reverse remodelling in cardiomyocytes. ESC Heart Fail 2016; 3:122-130. [PMID: 27774272 PMCID: PMC5064659 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims It has been shown that electrical stimulation can improve tissue repair in patients. Imbalances in the extracellular matrix composition induce manifestation of heart failure. Here we investigated the application of microcurrent (MC) to modulate the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo to reverse remodelling in the heart in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR). Methods Cardiomyocytes from young SHR (7 months) and old SHR (14 months) were stimulated in vitro and in vivo with MC. MMP and TIMP expression were analysed by qPCR and immunofluorescence to evaluate the modulation of MC treatment. Results Modulation of cardiomyocytes with MC enhances proliferation with no morphological changes in vitro. By electrical stimulation dual effects, increase and decrease, on MMP‐2, MMP‐9, TIMP‐3, and TIMP‐4 mRNA as well as protein expression were observed, depending on the age of the cardiomyocytes. In our in vivo study, MC down‐regulated MMP‐2, MMP‐9, and TIMP‐4 and increased TIMP‐3 in young SHR. In old SHR MMP‐2, MMP‐9, and TIMP‐4 were up‐regulated, whereas TIMP‐3 was unaffected. Conclusions Our data indicate that treatment of MC can modulate the expression of MMPs and TIMPs in vitro and in vivo in SHR. Based on these results new treatments for heart failure could be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kapeller
- Department for Biomedical Research Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
| | | | - Udo Losert
- Department for Biomedical Research Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Bruno K Podesser
- Department for Biomedical Research Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Karin Macfelda
- Department for Biomedical Research Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
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Strilakou A, Perelas A, Lazaris A, Papavdi A, Karkalousos P, Giannopoulou I, Kriebardis A, Panayiotides I, Liapi C. Immunohistochemical determination of the extracellular matrix modulation in a rat model of choline-deprived myocardium: the effects of carnitine. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2015; 30:47-57. [PMID: 26501493 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Choline has been identified as an essential nutrient with crucial role in many vital biological functions. Recent studies have demonstrated that heart dysfunction can develop in the setting of choline deprivation even in the absence of underlying heart disease. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are responsible for extracellular matrix degradation, and the dysregulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 has been involved in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular disorders. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of MMPs and their inhibitors (TIMPs), in the pathogenesis of choline deficiency-induced cardiomyopathy, and the way they are affected by carnitine supplementation. Male Wistar Albino adult rats were divided into four groups and received standard or choline-deficient diet with or without L-carnitine in drinking water (0.15% w/v) for 1 month. Heart tissue immunohistochemistry for MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 was performed. Choline deficiency was associated with suppressed immunohistochemical expression of MMP-2 and an increased expression of TIMP-2 compared to control, while it had no impact on TIMP-1. MMP-9 expression was decreased without, however, reaching statistical significance. Carnitine did not affect MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 or TIMP-2 expression. The pattern of TIMP and MMP modulation observed in a choline deficiency setting appears to promote fibrosis. Carnitine, although shown to suppress fibrosis, does not seem to affect MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 or TIMP-2 expression. Further studies will be required to identify the mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of carnitine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Strilakou
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolos Perelas
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Lazaris
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Asteria Papavdi
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Karkalousos
- Department of Medical Laboratories, Technological Institute of Athens, Agiou Spyridonos and Dimitsanas Street, Egaleo, 12210, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Giannopoulou
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios Kriebardis
- Department of Medical Laboratories, Technological Institute of Athens, Agiou Spyridonos and Dimitsanas Street, Egaleo, 12210, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Panayiotides
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, 1Rimini Street, Chaidari, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - Charis Liapi
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
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Fonfara S, Hetzel U, Hahn S, Kipar A. Age- and gender-dependent myocardial transcription patterns of cytokines and extracellular matrix remodelling enzymes in cats with non-cardiac diseases. Exp Gerontol 2015; 72:117-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Circulating tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 is associated with aldosterone-induced diastolic dysfunction. J Hypertens 2015; 33:1922-30; discussion 1930. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Trucco E, Tolosana JM, Castel MÁ, Batlle M, Borràs R, Sitges M, Guash E, Matas M, Arbelo E, Berruezo A, Brugada J, Mont L. Plasma tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 a predictor of long-term mortality in patients treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy. Europace 2015; 18:232-7. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euv054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Vianello A, Caponi L, Galetta F, Franzoni F, Taddei M, Rossi M, Pietrini P, Santoro G. β2-Microglobulin and TIMP1 Are Linked Together in Cardiorenal Remodeling and Failure. Cardiorenal Med 2014; 5:1-11. [PMID: 25759695 DOI: 10.1159/000369260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The cardiorenal syndrome is a complication in patients hospitalized with chronic heart failure (CHF). The β2-microglobulin (b2M) level is an index of decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR), tissue turnover and inflammation. It is an emerging new predictive marker of cardiovascular events and mortality, but its role as a biomarker of cardiorenal remodeling and failure is still unknown. TIMP1, an endogenous tissue inhibitor of activated matrix metalloproteinases, is a biomarker of heart remodeling and failure. We aimed to evaluate the circulating profile of b2M and TIMP1 in CHF patients, in sedentary controls with no tissue remodeling and in veteran athletes with physiological cardiorenal remodeling and athlete's heart (AH). METHODS We investigated the plasma levels of b2M and TIMP1 in 24 subjects with CHF without primitive renal disease, in 25 sedentary controls and in 30 veteran marathoners with AH over 50 years. RESULTS The b2M and TIMP1 levels were higher in CHF patients, and there was a correlation between them (r = 0.5287, p < 0.0095). The b2M level correlated with the severity of cardiorenal impairment: with proBNP (r = 0.66, p > 0.0007), percent ejection fraction (r = -0.56, p = 0.0162) and GFR (r = 0.83, p < 0.0001). b2M was also correlated with TIMP1 in AH subjects (r = 0.7548, p < 0.0001) but not in controls. This correlation was independent from GFR in both CHF patients and sedentary controls. CONCLUSIONS In CHF patients, the plasma levels of b2M and TIMP1 were linked together and correlated with the severity of cardiorenal failure. Moreover, a strong correlation between b2M and TIMP1 characterized cardiovascular remodeling not only in CHF patients but also in AH subjects. These findings suggest that clinicians should use b2M and TIMP1 as associated biomarkers of cardiorenal remodeling and failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Caponi
- Department of Experimental Pathology BMIE, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Galetta
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Marco Taddei
- Department of Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Rossi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Gino Santoro
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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