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Xu J, Lv M, Ni X. Marein Alleviates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity through FAK/AKT Pathway Modulation while Potentiating its Anticancer Activity. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024:10.1007/s12012-024-09882-1. [PMID: 38896162 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-024-09882-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective anticancer agent, yet its clinical utility is hampered by dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. This study explores the cardioprotective potential of Marein (Mar) against DOX-induced cardiac injury and elucidates underlying molecular mechanisms. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) and murine models were employed to assess the impact of Mar on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC). In vitro, cell viability, oxidative stress were evaluated. In vivo, a chronic injection method was employed to induce a DIC mouse model, followed by eight weeks of Mar treatment. Cardiac function, histopathology, and markers of cardiotoxicity were assessed. In vitro, Mar treatment demonstrated significant cardioprotective effects in vivo, as evidenced by improved cardiac function and reduced indicators of cardiac damage. Mechanistically, Mar reduced inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes, potentially via activation of the Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK)/AKT pathway. Mar also exhibited an anti-ferroptosis effect. Interestingly, Mar did not compromise DOX's efficacy in cancer cells, suggesting a dual benefit in onco-cardiology. Molecular docking studies suggested a potential interaction between Mar and FAK. This study demonstrates Mar's potential as a mitigator of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, offering a translational perspective on its clinical application. By activating the FAK/AKT pathway, Mar exerts protective effects against DOX-induced cardiomyocyte damage, highlighting its promise in onco-cardiology. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and advance Mar as a potential adjunctive therapy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, China.
| | - Manjun Lv
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohong Ni
- Department of Neurology, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, China
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2
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Yang Y, Ren J, Zhang J, Shi H, Wang J, Yan Y. FTO ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting ferroptosis via P53-P21/Nrf2 activation in a HuR-dependent m6A manner. Redox Biol 2024; 70:103067. [PMID: 38316068 PMCID: PMC10862061 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity seriously limits its clinical applicability, and no therapeutic interventions are available. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent regulated cell death characterised by lipid peroxidation, plays a pivotal role in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation is the most frequent type of RNA modification and involved in DOX-induced ferroptosis, however, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. P21 was recently found to inhibit ferroptosis by interacting with Nrf2 and is regulated in a P53-dependent or independent manner, such as through m6A modification. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism underlying m6A modification in DOX-induced ferroptosis by focusing on P21. Our results show that fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) down-regulation was associated with DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. FTO over-expression significantly improved cardiac function and cell viability in DOX-treated mouse hearts and H9C2 cells. FTO over-expression significantly inhibited DOX-induced ferroptosis, and the Fer-1 inhibition of ferroptosis significantly reduced DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. P21 was significantly upregulated by FTO and activated Nrf2, playing a crucial role in the anti-ferroptotic effect. FTO upregulated P21/Nrf2 in a P53-dependent manner by mediating the demethylation of P53 or in a P53-independent manner by mediating P21/Nrf2 directly. Human antigen R (HuR) is crucial for FTO-mediated regulation of ferroptosis and P53-P21/Nrf2. Notably, we also found that P21 inhibition in turn inhibited HuR and P53 expression, while HuR inhibition further inhibited FTO expression. RNA immunoprecipitation assay showed that HuR binds to the transcripts of FTO and itself. Collectively, FTO inhibited DOX-induced ferroptosis via P21/Nrf2 activation by mediating the m6A demethylation of P53 or P21/Nrf2 in a HuR-dependent manner and constituted a positive feedback loop with HuR and P53-P21. Our findings provide novel insight into key functional mechanisms associated with DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and elucidate a possible therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, China
| | - Jiajun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, China
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, No. 218 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Henghe Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, China
| | - Junnan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, China.
| | - Youyou Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, China.
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3
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Xia P, Chen J, Sapkota Y, Scott EN, Liu Y, Hudson MM, Rassekh SR, Carleton BC, Ross CJ, Chow EJ, Cheng Z. RBL2 Regulates Cardiac Sensitivity to Anthracycline Chemotherapy. JACC CardioOncol 2023; 5:360-373. [PMID: 37397090 PMCID: PMC10308060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccao.2022.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anthracycline chemotherapies cause heart failure in a subset of cancer patients. We previously reported that the anthracycline doxorubicin (DOX) induces cardiotoxicity through the activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). Objectives The aim of this study was to determine whether retinoblastoma-like 2 (RBL2/p130), an emerging CDK2 inhibitor, regulates anthracycline sensitivity in the heart. Methods Rbl2-/- mice and Rbl2+/+ littermates received DOX (5 mg/kg/wk for 4 weeks intraperitoneally, 20 mg/kg cumulative). Heart function was monitored with echocardiography. The association of RBL2 genetic variants with anthracycline cardiomyopathy was evaluated in the SJLIFE (St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study) and CPNDS (Canadian Pharmacogenomics Network for Drug Safety) studies. Results The loss of endogenous Rbl2 increased basal CDK2 activity in the mouse heart. Mice lacking Rbl2 were more sensitive to DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, as evidenced by rapid deterioration of heart function and loss of heart mass. The disruption of Rbl2 exacerbated DOX-induced mitochondrial damage and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Mechanistically, Rbl2 deficiency enhanced CDK2-dependent activation of forkhead box O1 (FOXO1), leading to up-regulation of the proapoptotic protein Bim. The inhibition of CDK2 desensitized Rbl2-depleted cardiomyocytes to DOX. In wild-type cardiomyocytes, DOX exposure induced Rbl2 expression in a FOXO1-dependent manner. Importantly, the rs17800727 G allele of the human RBL2 gene was associated with reduced anthracycline cardiotoxicity in childhood cancer survivors. Conclusions Rbl2 is an endogenous CDK2 inhibitor in the heart and represses FOXO1-mediated proapoptotic gene expression. The loss of Rbl2 increases sensitivity to DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Our findings suggest that RBL2 could be used as a biomarker to predict the risk of cardiotoxicity before the initiation of anthracycline-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Jingrui Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Yadav Sapkota
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Erika N. Scott
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yuening Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Melissa M. Hudson
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shahrad R. Rassekh
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children’s Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bruce C. Carleton
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Pharmaceutical Outcomes Programme, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Colin J.D. Ross
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eric J. Chow
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Zhaokang Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
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Zhang R, Hao C, Ji Z, Qu Y, Zuo W, Yang M, Zuo P, Carvalho A, Ma G, Li Y. Upregulation of Biomarker Limd1 Was Correlated with Immune Infiltration in Doxorubicin-Related Cardiotoxicity. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:8347759. [PMID: 37009626 PMCID: PMC10063360 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8347759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin is one of the most common antitumor drugs. However, cardiotoxicity's side effect limits its clinical applicability. In the present study, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets were applied to reanalyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and construct weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) modules of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in wild-type mice. Several other bioinformatics analyses were performed to pick out the hub gene, and then the correlation between the hub gene and immune infiltration was evaluated. In total, 120 DEGs were discovered in a mouse model of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, and PF-04217903, propranolol, azithromycin, etc. were found to be potential drugs against this pathological condition. Among all the DEGs, 14 were further screened out by WGCNA modules, of which Limd1 was upregulated and finally regarded as the hub gene after being validated in other GEO datasets. Limd1 was upregulated in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) of the rat model, and the area under curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) in diagnosing cardiotoxicity was 0.847. The GSEA and PPI networks revealed a potential immunocyte regulatory role of Limd1 in cardiotoxicity. The proportion of "dendritic cells activated" in the heart was significantly elevated, while "macrophage M1" and "monocytes" declined after in vivo doxorubicin application. Finally, Limd1 expression was significantly positively correlated with "dendritic cells activation' and negatively correlated with "monocytes" and "macrophages M1'. In summary, our results suggested that limd1 is a valuable biomarker and a potential inflammation regulator in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Hunan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Chunshu Hao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Hunan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Zhenjun Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Hunan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Yangyang Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Hunan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Wenjie Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Hunan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Mingming Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Hunan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Pengfei Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Hunan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Abdlay Carvalho
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Hunan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Genshan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Hunan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Yongjun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Hunan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
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5
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Nishi M, Wang PY, Hwang PM. Cardiotoxicity of Cancer Treatments: Focus on Anthracycline Cardiomyopathy. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:2648-2660. [PMID: 34587760 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in developing new treatments and refining the use of preexisting ones against cancer. Their successful use and the longer survival of cancer patients have been associated with reports of new cardiotoxicities and the better characterization of the previously known cardiac complications. Immunotherapies with monoclonal antibodies against specific cancer-promoting genes, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, and immune checkpoint inhibitors have been developed to fight cancer cells, but they can also show off-target effects on the heart. Some of these cardiotoxicities are thought to be due to nonspecific immune activation and inflammatory damage. Unlike immunotherapy-associated cardiotoxicities which are relatively new entities, there is extensive literature on anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy. Here, we provide a brief overview of the cardiotoxicities of immunotherapies for the purpose of distinguishing them from anthracycline cardiomyopathy. This is especially relevant as the expansion of oncological treatments presents greater diagnostic challenges in determining the cause of cardiac dysfunction in cancer survivors with a history of multiple cancer treatments including anthracyclines and immunotherapies administered concurrently or serially over time. We then provide a focused review of the mechanisms proposed to underlie the development of anthracycline cardiomyopathy based on experimental data mostly in mouse models. Insights into its pathogenesis may stimulate the development of new strategies to identify patients who are susceptible to anthracycline cardiomyopathy while permitting low cardiac risk patients to receive optimal treatment for their cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Nishi
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ping-Yuan Wang
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Paul M Hwang
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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6
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Gunaydin Akyildiz A, Boran T, Jannuzzi AT, Alpertunga B. Mitochondrial dynamics imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to the molecular cardiotoxic effects of lenvatinib. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 423:115577. [PMID: 34019861 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lenvatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) approved for the treatment of resistant differentiated thyroid cancer, advanced renal cell carcinoma, unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma, and endometrial carcinoma. Although it is successful in cancer treatment, it can cause life-threatening side effects such as cardiotoxicity. The molecular mechanism of cardiotoxicity caused by lenvatinib is not fully known. In this study, the molecular mechanism of lenvatinib's cardiotoxicity was investigated focusing on mitochondrial toxicity in the H9c2 cardiomyoblastic cell line. Lenvatinib inhibited cell viability at 48 and 72 h exposure with three selected concentrations (1.25 μM, 5 μM and 10 μM); and inhibited intracellular ATP after 72 h exposure compared to the control group. Mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased after 48 h and did not show significant changes after 72 h exposure. Evaluated with real-time PCR, mitochondrial dynamics (Mfn1, Mfn2, OPA1, DRP1, Fis1) expression levels after lenvatinib treatment significantly changed. Lenvatinib triggered the tendency from fusion to fission in mitochondria after 48 h exposure, and increased both fusion and fission after 72 h. The mtDNA ratio increased after 48 h and decreased after 72 h. ASK1, JNK and AMPKα2 increased. UCP2 showed downregulation, SOD2 level showed upregulation and Cat levels decreased after drug treatment. Nrf1 and Nrf2 also changed concentration-dependently. Protein carbonyl levels increased significantly after lenvatinib treatments indicating oxidative stress. The protein levels of the electron transport chain complexes, LONP1, UCP2, and P21 showed significant differences after lenvatinib treatment. The outcome of our study is expected to be a contribution to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of TKI-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysenur Gunaydin Akyildiz
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, 34116 Beyazit, Istanbul, Turkey; Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Vatan Street, 34093 Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugce Boran
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, 34116 Beyazit, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse Tarbin Jannuzzi
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, 34116 Beyazit, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Buket Alpertunga
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, 34116 Beyazit, Istanbul, Turkey.
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7
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Canals D, Salamone S, Santacreu BJ, Nemeth E, Aguilar D, Hernandez-Corbacho MJ, Adada M, Staquicini DI, Arap W, Pasqualini R, Haley J, Obeid LM, Hannun YA. Ceramide launches an acute anti-adhesion pro-migration cell signaling program in response to chemotherapy. FASEB J 2020; 34:7610-7630. [PMID: 32307766 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000205r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy has been reported to upregulate sphingomylinases and increase cellular ceramide, often linked to the induction to cell death. In this work, we show that sublethal doses of doxorubicin and vorinostat still increased cellular ceramide, which was located predominantly at the plasma membrane. To interrogate possible functions of this specific pool of ceramide, we used recombinant enzymes to mimic physiological levels of ceramide at the plasma membrane upon chemotherapy treatment. Using mass spectrometry and network analysis, followed by experimental confirmation, the results revealed that this pool of ceramide acutely regulates cell adhesion and cell migration pathways with weak connections to commonly established ceramide functions (eg, cell death). Neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2) was identified as responsible for the generation of plasma membrane ceramide upon chemotherapy treatment, and both ceramide at the plasma membrane and nSMase2 were necessary and sufficient to mediate these "side" effects of chemotherapy on cell adhesion and migration. This is the first time a specific pool of ceramide is interrogated for acute signaling functions, and the results define plasma membrane ceramide as an acute signaling effector necessary and sufficient for regulation of cell adhesion and cell migration under chemotherapeutical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Canals
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Silvia Salamone
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Bruno Jaime Santacreu
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Erika Nemeth
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Aguilar
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mohamad Adada
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daniela I Staquicini
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.,Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Wadih Arap
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Renata Pasqualini
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.,Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - John Haley
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Lina M Obeid
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Northport VA Hospital, Northport, NY, USA; deceased.,Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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8
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Xia P, Chen J, Liu Y, Fletcher M, Jensen BC, Cheng Z. Doxorubicin induces cardiomyocyte apoptosis and atrophy through cyclin-dependent kinase 2-mediated activation of forkhead box O1. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:4265-4276. [PMID: 32075913 PMCID: PMC7105316 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical investigations indicate that anthracycline-based chemotherapies induce early decline in heart mass in cancer patients. Heart mass decline may be caused by a decrease in cardiac cell number because of increased cell death or by a reduction in cell size because of atrophy. We previously reported that an anthracycline, doxorubicin (DOX), induces apoptotic death of cardiomyocytes by activating cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). However, the signaling pathway downstream of CDK2 remains to be characterized, and it is also unclear whether the same pathway mediates cardiac atrophy. Here we demonstrate that DOX exposure induces CDK2-dependent phosphorylation of the transcription factor forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) at Ser-249, leading to transcription of its proapoptotic target gene, Bcl-2-interacting mediator of cell death (Bim). In cultured cardiomyocytes, treatment with the FOXO1 inhibitor AS1842856 or transfection with FOXO1-specific siRNAs protected against DOX-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial damage. Oral administration of AS1842856 in mice abrogated apoptosis and prevented DOX-induced cardiac dysfunction. Intriguingly, pharmacological FOXO1 inhibition also attenuated DOX-induced cardiac atrophy, likely because of repression of muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF1), a proatrophic FOXO1 target gene. In conclusion, DOX exposure induces CDK2-dependent FOXO1 activation, resulting in cardiomyocyte apoptosis and atrophy. Our results identify FOXO1 as a promising drug target for managing DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. We propose that FOXO1 inhibitors may have potential as cardioprotective therapeutic agents during cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202-2131
| | - Jingrui Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202-2131
| | - Yuening Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202-2131
| | - Maya Fletcher
- Department of Biology, Gonzaga University, Spokane, Washington 99258
| | - Brian C Jensen
- Division of Cardiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7075
| | - Zhaokang Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202-2131.
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9
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Dakup PP, Porter KI, Gajula RP, Goel PN, Cheng Z, Gaddameedhi S. The circadian clock protects against ionizing radiation-induced cardiotoxicity. FASEB J 2020; 34:3347-3358. [PMID: 31919902 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901850rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is commonly used to treat solid tumors of the breast, lung, and esophagus; however, the heart is an unintentional target of ionizing radiation (IR). IR exposure to the heart results in chronic toxicities including heart failure. We hypothesize that the circadian system plays regulatory roles in minimizing the IR-induced cardiotoxicity. We treated mice in control (Day Shift), environmentally disrupted (Rotating Shift), and genetically disrupted (Per 1/2 mutant) circadian conditions with 18 Gy of IR to the heart. Compared to control mice, circadian clock disruption significantly exacerbated post-IR systolic dysfunction (by ultrasound echocardiography) and increased fibrosis in mice. At the cellular level, Bmal1 protein bound to Atm, Brca1, and Brca2 promoter regions and its expression level was inversely correlated with the DNA damage levels based on the state of the clock. Further studies with circadian synchronized cardiomyocytes revealed that Bmal1 depletion increased the IR-induced DNA damage and apoptosis. Collectively, these findings suggest that the circadian clock protects from IR-induced toxicity and potentially impacts RT treatment outcome in cancer patients through IR-induced DNA damage responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panshak P Dakup
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Kenneth I Porter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Rajendra P Gajula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Peeyush N Goel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhaokang Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Shobhan Gaddameedhi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA.,Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
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10
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Potential targets for intervention against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity based on genetic studies: a systematic review of the literature. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 138:88-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.11.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Xia P, Liu Y, Chen J, Cheng Z. Cell Cycle Proteins as Key Regulators of Postmitotic Cell Death. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 92:641-650. [PMID: 31866779 PMCID: PMC6913832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell cycle progression in dividing cells, characterized by faithful replication of the genomic materials and duplication of the original cell, is fundamental for growth and reproduction of all mammalian organisms. Functional maturation of postmitotic cells, however, requires cell cycle exit and terminal differentiation. In mature postmitotic cells, many cell cycle proteins remain to be expressed, or can be induced and reactivated in pathological conditions such as traumatic injury and degenerative diseases. Interestingly, elevated levels of cell cycle proteins in postmitotic cells often do not induce proliferation, but result in aberrant cell cycle reentry and cell death. At present, the cell cycle machinery is known predominantly for regulating cell cycle progression and cell proliferation, albeit accumulating evidence indicates that cell cycle proteins may also control cell death, especially in postmitotic tissues. Herein, we provide a brief summary of these findings and hope to highlight the connection between cell cycle reentry and postmitotic cell death. In addition, we also outline the signaling pathways that have been identified in cell cycle-related cell death. Advanced understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying cell cycle-related death is of paramount importance because this knowledge can be applied to develop protective strategies against pathologies in postmitotic tissues. Moreover, a full-scope understanding of the cell cycle machinery will allow fine tuning to favor cell proliferation over cell death, thereby potentially promoting tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhaokang Cheng
- To whom all correspondence should be addressed: Zhaokang Cheng, PhD, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, PBS 423, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd. Spokane, WA 99202-2131; Tel: 509-358-7741,
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12
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Naci D, Berrazouane S, Barabé F, Aoudjit F. Cell adhesion to collagen promotes leukemia resistance to doxorubicin by reducing DNA damage through the inhibition of Rac1 activation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19455. [PMID: 31857649 PMCID: PMC6923425 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55934-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a major hurdle in anti-cancer therapy. Growing evidence indicates that integrin-mediated cell adhesion to extracellular matrix plays a major role in chemoresistance. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We have previously shown that the collagen-binding integrin α2β1 promoted doxorubicin resistance in acute T cell lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). In this study, we found that acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines also express α2β1 integrin and collagen promoted their chemoresistance as well. Furthermore, we found that high levels of α2 integrin correlate with worse overall survival in AML. Our results showed that doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in leukemic cells is associated with activation of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) and that collagen inhibited this pathway. The protective effect of collagen is associated with the inhibition of Rac1-induced DNA damage as evaluated by the comet assay and the phosphorylated levels of histone H2AX (γ-H2AX). Together these results show that by inhibiting pro-apoptotic Rac1, α2β1 integrin can be a major pathway protecting leukemic cells from genotoxic agents and may thus represent an important therapeutic target in anti-cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Naci
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe des maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Québec, Canada.,The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sofiane Berrazouane
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe des maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Québec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Barabé
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe des maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Québec, Canada.,Département de Médicine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Fawzi Aoudjit
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe des maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Québec, Canada. .,Département de Microbiologie-infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
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13
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Cheng Z, Combs M, Zhu Q, Xia P, Opheim Z, Parker J, Mack CP, Taylor JM. Genome-Wide RNAi Screen Identifies Regulators of Cardiomyocyte Necrosis. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2019; 2:361-371. [PMID: 32259070 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of cellular death is central to nearly all physiological routines and is dysregulated in virtually all diseases. Cell death occurs by two major processes, necrosis which culminates in a pervasive inflammatory response and apoptosis which is largely immunologically inert. As necrosis has long been considered an accidental, unregulated form of cellular death that occurred in response to a harsh environmental stimulus, it was largely ignored as a clinical target. However, recent elegant studies suggest that certain forms of necrosis can be reprogrammed. However, scant little is known about the molecules and pathways that orchestrate calcium-overload-induced necrosis, a main mediator of ischemia/reperfusion (IR)-induced cardiomyocyte cell death. To rectify this critical gap in our knowledge, we performed a novel genome-wide siRNA screen to identify modulators of calcium-induced necrosis in human muscle cells. Our screen identified multiple molecular circuitries that either enhance or inhibit this process, including lysosomal calcium channel TPCN1, mitophagy mediatorTOMM7, Ran-binding protein RanBP9, Histone deacetylase HDAC2, chemokine CCL11, and the Arp2/3 complex regulator glia maturation factor-γ (GMFG). Notably, a number of druggable enzymes were identified, including the proteasome β5 subunit (encoded by PSMB5 gene), which controls the proteasomal chymotrypsin-like peptidase activity. Such findings open up the possibility for the discovery of pharmacological interventions that could provide therapeutic benefits to patients affected by myriad disorders characterized by excessive (or too little) necrotic cell loss, including but not limited to IR injury in the heart and kidney, chronic neurodegenerative disorders, muscular dystrophies, sepsis, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaokang Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99210, United States
| | - Matthew Combs
- Department of Pathology, Department of Genetics, Lineberger Cancer Center, and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Department of Genetics, Lineberger Cancer Center, and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Peng Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99210, United States
| | - Zachary Opheim
- Department of Pathology, Department of Genetics, Lineberger Cancer Center, and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Joel Parker
- Department of Pathology, Department of Genetics, Lineberger Cancer Center, and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,Department of Pathology, Department of Genetics, Lineberger Cancer Center, and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Christopher P Mack
- Department of Pathology, Department of Genetics, Lineberger Cancer Center, and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,Department of Pathology, Department of Genetics, Lineberger Cancer Center, and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Joan M Taylor
- Department of Pathology, Department of Genetics, Lineberger Cancer Center, and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,Department of Pathology, Department of Genetics, Lineberger Cancer Center, and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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14
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Pham DC, Chang YC, Lin SR, Fuh YM, Tsai MJ, Weng CF. FAK and S6K1 Inhibitor, Neferine, Dually Induces Autophagy and Apoptosis in Human Neuroblastoma Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123110. [PMID: 30486505 PMCID: PMC6321370 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human neuroblastoma cancer is the most typical extracranial solid tumor. Yet, new remedial treatment therapies are demanded to overcome its sluggish survival rate. Neferine, isolated from the lotus embryos, inhibits the proliferation of various cancer cells. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-cancer activity of neferine in IMR32 human neuroblastoma cells and to expose the concealable molecular mechanisms. IMR32 cells were treated with different concentrations of neferine, followed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to assess cell viability. In an effort to determine the molecular mechanisms in neferine-incubated IMR32 cells, cell cycle arrest, cell migration, and focal adhesion kinase (FAK), the 70-kDa ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), caspase-3, Beclin-1, and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) protein expressions were investigated. Neferine strongly disrupted the neuroblastoma cell growth via induction of G2/M phase arrest. Furthermore, neferine provoked autophagy and apoptosis in IMR32 cells, confirmed by p-FAK, and p-S6K1 reduction, LC3-II accumulation, Beclin-1 overexpression, and cleaved caspase-3/PARP improvement. Finally, neferine markedly retarded cell migration of neuroblastoma cancer cells. As a result, our findings for the first time showed an explicit anti-cancer effect of neferine in IMR32 cells, suggesting that neferine might be a potential candidate against human neuroblastoma cells to improve clinical outcomes with further in vivo investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh-Chuong Pham
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
| | - Yu-Chuan Chang
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
| | - Shian-Ren Lin
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
| | - Yuh-Ming Fuh
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
| | - May-Jywan Tsai
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11260, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Feng Weng
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
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15
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Xia P, Liu Y, Chen J, Coates S, Liu DX, Cheng Z. Inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiomyopathy. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:19672-19685. [PMID: 30361442 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid increase in cancer survival because of improved diagnosis and therapy in the past decades, cancer treatment-related cardiotoxicity is becoming an urgent healthcare concern. The anthracycline doxorubicin (DOX), one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents to date, causes cardiomyopathy by inducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis. We demonstrated previously that overexpression of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p21 promotes resistance against DOX-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Here we show that DOX exposure provokes cardiac CDK2 activation and cardiomyocyte cell cycle S phase reentry, resulting in enhanced cellular sensitivity to DOX. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of CDK2 markedly suppressed DOX-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Conversely, CDK2 overexpression augmented DOX-induced apoptosis. We also found that DOX-induced CDK2 activation in the mouse heart is associated with up-regulation of the pro-apoptotic BCL2 family member BCL2-like 11 (Bim), a BH3-only protein essential for triggering Bax/Bak-dependent mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization. Further experiments revealed that DOX induces cardiomyocyte apoptosis through CDK2-dependent expression of Bim. Inhibition of CDK2 with roscovitine robustly repressed DOX-induced mitochondrial depolarization. In a cardiotoxicity model of chronic DOX exposure (5 mg/kg weekly for 4 weeks), roscovitine administration significantly attenuated DOX-induced contractile dysfunction and ventricular remodeling. These findings identify CDK2 as a key determinant of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. CDK2 activation is necessary for DOX-induced Bim expression and mitochondrial damage. Our results suggest that pharmacological inhibition of CDK2 may be a cardioprotective strategy for preventing anthracycline-induced heart damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xia
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99210-1495 and
| | - Yuening Liu
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99210-1495 and
| | - Jingrui Chen
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99210-1495 and
| | - Shelby Coates
- the Department of Biology, Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, Washington 98447
| | - David X Liu
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99210-1495 and
| | - Zhaokang Cheng
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99210-1495 and
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16
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Signaling Pathways in Cardiac Myocyte Apoptosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:9583268. [PMID: 28101515 PMCID: PMC5215135 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9583268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, the number 1 cause of death worldwide, are frequently associated with apoptotic death of cardiac myocytes. Since cardiomyocyte apoptosis is a highly regulated process, pharmacological intervention of apoptosis pathways may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for a number of cardiovascular diseases and disorders including myocardial infarction, ischemia/reperfusion injury, chemotherapy cardiotoxicity, and end-stage heart failure. Despite rapid growth of our knowledge in apoptosis signaling pathways, a clinically applicable treatment targeting this cellular process is currently unavailable. To help identify potential innovative directions for future research, it is necessary to have a full understanding of the apoptotic pathways currently known to be functional in cardiac myocytes. Here, we summarize recent progress in the regulation of cardiomyocyte apoptosis by multiple signaling molecules and pathways, with a focus on the involvement of these pathways in the pathogenesis of heart disease. In addition, we provide an update regarding bench to bedside translation of this knowledge and discuss unanswered questions that need further investigation.
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17
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Cheng Z, Zhu Q, Dee R, Opheim Z, Mack CP, Cyr DM, Taylor JM. Focal Adhesion Kinase-mediated Phosphorylation of Beclin1 Protein Suppresses Cardiomyocyte Autophagy and Initiates Hypertrophic Growth. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:2065-2079. [PMID: 27994061 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.758268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved intracellular degradation/recycling system that is essential for cellular homeostasis but is dysregulated in a number of diseases, including myocardial hypertrophy. Although it is clear that limiting or accelerating autophagic flux can result in pathological cardiac remodeling, the physiological signaling pathways that fine-tune cardiac autophagy are poorly understood. Herein, we demonstrated that stimulation of cardiomyocytes with phenylephrine (PE), a well known hypertrophic agonist, suppresses autophagy and that activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is necessary for PE-stimulated autophagy suppression and subsequent initiation of hypertrophic growth. Mechanistically, we showed that FAK phosphorylates Beclin1, a core autophagy protein, on Tyr-233 and that this post-translational modification limits Beclin1 association with Atg14L and reduces Beclin1-dependent autophagosome formation. Remarkably, although ectopic expression of wild-type Beclin1 promoted cardiomyocyte atrophy, expression of a Y233E phosphomimetic variant of Beclin1 failed to affect cardiomyocyte size. Moreover, genetic depletion of Beclin1 attenuated PE-mediated/FAK-dependent initiation of myocyte hypertrophy in vivo Collectively, these findings identify FAK as a novel negative regulator of Beclin1-mediated autophagy and indicate that this pathway can facilitate the promotion of compensatory hypertrophic growth. This novel mechanism to limit Beclin1 activity has important implications for treating a variety of pathologies associated with altered autophagic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Douglas M Cyr
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Joan M Taylor
- From the Department of Pathology, .,McAllister Heart Institute, and
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18
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Ashok A, Kanwar JR, Krishnan UM, Kanwar RK. SurR9C84A protects and recovers human cardiomyocytes from hypoxia induced apoptosis. Exp Cell Res 2016; 350:19-31. [PMID: 27816606 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Survivin, as an anti-apoptotic protein and a cell cycle regulator, is recently gaining importance for its regenerative potential in salvaging injured hypoxic cells of vital organs such as heart. Different strategies are being employed to upregulate survivin expression in dying hypoxic cardiomyocytes. We investigated the cardioprotective potential of a cell permeable survivin mutant protein SurR9C84A, for the management of hypoxia mediated cardiomyocyte apoptosis, in a novel and clinically relevant model employing primary human cardiomyocytes (HCM). The aim of this research work was to study the efficacy and mechanism of SurR9C84A facilitated cardioprotection and regeneration in hypoxic HCM. To mimic hypoxic microenvironment in vitro, well characterized HCM were treated with 100µm (48h) cobalt chloride to induce hypoxia. Hypoxia induced (HI) HCM were further treated with SurR9C84A (1µg/mL) in order to analyse its cardioprotective efficacy. Confocal microscopy showed rapid internalization of SurR9C84A and scanning electron microscopy revealed the reinstatement of cytoskeleton projections in HI HCM. SurR9C84A treatment increased cell viability, reduced cell death via, apoptosis (Annexin-V assay), and downregulated free cardiac troponin T and MMP-9 expression. SurR9C84A also upregulated the expression of proliferation markers (PCNA and Ki-67) and downregulated mitochondrial depolarization and ROS levels thereby, impeding cell death. Human Apoptosis Array further revealed that SurR9C84A downregulated expression of pro-apoptotic markers and augmented expression of HSPs and HTRA2/Omi. SurR9C84A treatment led to enhanced levels of survivin, VEGF, PI3K and pAkt. SurR9C84A proved non-toxic to normoxic HCM, as validated through unaltered cell proliferation and other marker levels. Its pre-treatment exhibited lesser susceptibility to hypoxia/damage. SurR9C84A holds a promising clinical potential for human cardiomyocyte survival and proliferation following hypoxic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Ashok
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research (NLIMBR), School of Medicine (SoM), Faculty of Health, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research (C-MMR), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, 2103 Cornell Rd. WRB 5128, Cleveland, OH 44106-7288, USA
| | - Jagat Rakesh Kanwar
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research (NLIMBR), School of Medicine (SoM), Faculty of Health, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research (C-MMR), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), School of Chemical & Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - Rupinder Kaur Kanwar
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research (NLIMBR), School of Medicine (SoM), Faculty of Health, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research (C-MMR), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia.
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19
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Herron TJ, Rocha AMD, Campbell KF, Ponce-Balbuena D, Willis BC, Guerrero-Serna G, Liu Q, Klos M, Musa H, Zarzoso M, Bizy A, Furness J, Anumonwo J, Mironov S, Jalife J. Extracellular Matrix-Mediated Maturation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Monolayer Structure and Electrophysiological Function. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2016; 9:e003638. [PMID: 27069088 DOI: 10.1161/circep.113.003638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) monolayers generated to date display an immature embryonic-like functional and structural phenotype that limits their utility for research and cardiac regeneration. In particular, the electrophysiological function of hPSC-CM monolayers and bioengineered constructs used to date are characterized by slow electric impulse propagation velocity and immature action potential profiles. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we have identified an optimal extracellular matrix for significant electrophysiological and structural maturation of hPSC-CM monolayers. hPSC-CM plated in the optimal extracellular matrix combination have impulse propagation velocities ≈2× faster than previously reported (43.6±7.0 cm/s; n=9) and have mature cardiomyocyte action potential profiles, including hyperpolarized diastolic potential and rapid action potential upstroke velocity (146.5±17.7 V/s; n=5 monolayers). In addition, the optimal extracellular matrix promoted hypertrophic growth of cardiomyocytes and the expression of key mature sarcolemmal (SCN5A, Kir2.1, and connexin43) and myofilament markers (cardiac troponin I). The maturation process reported here relies on activation of integrin signaling pathways: neutralization of β1 integrin receptors via blocking antibodies and pharmacological blockade of focal adhesion kinase activation prevented structural maturation. CONCLUSIONS Maturation of human stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte monolayers is achieved in a 1-week period by plating cardiomyocytes on PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) coverslips rather than on conventional 2-dimensional cell culture formats, such as glass coverslips or plastic dishes. Activation of integrin signaling and focal adhesion kinase is essential for significant maturation of human cardiac monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd J Herron
- From the Center for Arrhythmia Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (T.J.H., A.M.D.R., K.C., D.P.-B., B.C.W., G.G.-S., Q.L., J.F., J.A., S.M., J.J.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (M.K.); Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (H.M.); Shanxi Medical University, Zhejiang, China (Q.L.); and University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (M.Z., A.B.).
| | - Andre Monteiro Da Rocha
- From the Center for Arrhythmia Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (T.J.H., A.M.D.R., K.C., D.P.-B., B.C.W., G.G.-S., Q.L., J.F., J.A., S.M., J.J.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (M.K.); Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (H.M.); Shanxi Medical University, Zhejiang, China (Q.L.); and University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (M.Z., A.B.)
| | - Katherine F Campbell
- From the Center for Arrhythmia Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (T.J.H., A.M.D.R., K.C., D.P.-B., B.C.W., G.G.-S., Q.L., J.F., J.A., S.M., J.J.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (M.K.); Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (H.M.); Shanxi Medical University, Zhejiang, China (Q.L.); and University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (M.Z., A.B.)
| | - Daniela Ponce-Balbuena
- From the Center for Arrhythmia Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (T.J.H., A.M.D.R., K.C., D.P.-B., B.C.W., G.G.-S., Q.L., J.F., J.A., S.M., J.J.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (M.K.); Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (H.M.); Shanxi Medical University, Zhejiang, China (Q.L.); and University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (M.Z., A.B.)
| | - B Cicero Willis
- From the Center for Arrhythmia Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (T.J.H., A.M.D.R., K.C., D.P.-B., B.C.W., G.G.-S., Q.L., J.F., J.A., S.M., J.J.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (M.K.); Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (H.M.); Shanxi Medical University, Zhejiang, China (Q.L.); and University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (M.Z., A.B.)
| | - Guadalupe Guerrero-Serna
- From the Center for Arrhythmia Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (T.J.H., A.M.D.R., K.C., D.P.-B., B.C.W., G.G.-S., Q.L., J.F., J.A., S.M., J.J.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (M.K.); Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (H.M.); Shanxi Medical University, Zhejiang, China (Q.L.); and University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (M.Z., A.B.)
| | - Qinghua Liu
- From the Center for Arrhythmia Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (T.J.H., A.M.D.R., K.C., D.P.-B., B.C.W., G.G.-S., Q.L., J.F., J.A., S.M., J.J.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (M.K.); Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (H.M.); Shanxi Medical University, Zhejiang, China (Q.L.); and University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (M.Z., A.B.)
| | - Matt Klos
- From the Center for Arrhythmia Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (T.J.H., A.M.D.R., K.C., D.P.-B., B.C.W., G.G.-S., Q.L., J.F., J.A., S.M., J.J.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (M.K.); Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (H.M.); Shanxi Medical University, Zhejiang, China (Q.L.); and University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (M.Z., A.B.)
| | - Hassan Musa
- From the Center for Arrhythmia Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (T.J.H., A.M.D.R., K.C., D.P.-B., B.C.W., G.G.-S., Q.L., J.F., J.A., S.M., J.J.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (M.K.); Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (H.M.); Shanxi Medical University, Zhejiang, China (Q.L.); and University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (M.Z., A.B.)
| | - Manuel Zarzoso
- From the Center for Arrhythmia Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (T.J.H., A.M.D.R., K.C., D.P.-B., B.C.W., G.G.-S., Q.L., J.F., J.A., S.M., J.J.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (M.K.); Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (H.M.); Shanxi Medical University, Zhejiang, China (Q.L.); and University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (M.Z., A.B.)
| | - Alexandra Bizy
- From the Center for Arrhythmia Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (T.J.H., A.M.D.R., K.C., D.P.-B., B.C.W., G.G.-S., Q.L., J.F., J.A., S.M., J.J.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (M.K.); Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (H.M.); Shanxi Medical University, Zhejiang, China (Q.L.); and University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (M.Z., A.B.)
| | - Jamie Furness
- From the Center for Arrhythmia Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (T.J.H., A.M.D.R., K.C., D.P.-B., B.C.W., G.G.-S., Q.L., J.F., J.A., S.M., J.J.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (M.K.); Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (H.M.); Shanxi Medical University, Zhejiang, China (Q.L.); and University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (M.Z., A.B.)
| | - Justus Anumonwo
- From the Center for Arrhythmia Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (T.J.H., A.M.D.R., K.C., D.P.-B., B.C.W., G.G.-S., Q.L., J.F., J.A., S.M., J.J.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (M.K.); Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (H.M.); Shanxi Medical University, Zhejiang, China (Q.L.); and University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (M.Z., A.B.)
| | - Sergey Mironov
- From the Center for Arrhythmia Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (T.J.H., A.M.D.R., K.C., D.P.-B., B.C.W., G.G.-S., Q.L., J.F., J.A., S.M., J.J.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (M.K.); Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (H.M.); Shanxi Medical University, Zhejiang, China (Q.L.); and University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (M.Z., A.B.)
| | - José Jalife
- From the Center for Arrhythmia Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (T.J.H., A.M.D.R., K.C., D.P.-B., B.C.W., G.G.-S., Q.L., J.F., J.A., S.M., J.J.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (M.K.); Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (H.M.); Shanxi Medical University, Zhejiang, China (Q.L.); and University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (M.Z., A.B.)
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Zhan H, Aizawa K, Sun J, Tomida S, Otsu K, Conway SJ, Mckinnon PJ, Manabe I, Komuro I, Miyagawa K, Nagai R, Suzuki T. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated in cardiac fibroblasts regulates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 110:85-95. [PMID: 26862121 PMCID: PMC4798048 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Doxorubicin (Dox) is a potent anticancer agent that is widely used in the treatment of a variety of cancers, but its usage is limited by cumulative dose-dependent cardiotoxicity mainly due to oxidative damage. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase is thought to play a role in mediating the actions of oxidative stress. Here, we show that ATM in cardiac fibroblasts is essential for Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. METHODS AND RESULTS ATM knockout mice showed attenuated Dox-induced cardiotoxic effects (e.g. cardiac dysfunction, apoptosis, and mortality). As ATM was expressed and activated predominantly in cardiac fibroblasts, fibroblast-specific Atm-deleted mice (Atm(fl/fl);Postn-Cre) were generated to address cell type-specific effects, which showed that the fibroblast is the key lineage mediating Dox-induced cardiotoxicity through ATM. Mechanistically, ATM activated the Fas ligand, which subsequently regulated apoptosis in cardiomyocytes at later stages. Therapeutically, a potent and selective inhibitor of ATM, KU55933, when administered systemically was able to prevent Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. CONCLUSION ATM-regulated effects within cardiac fibroblasts are pivotal in Dox-induced cardiotoxicity, and antagonism of ATM and its functions may have potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhan
- Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Aizawa
- Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junqing Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shota Tomida
- Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kinya Otsu
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Simon J Conway
- Program in Developmental Biology and Neonatal Medicine, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Peter J Mckinnon
- Department of Genetics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ichiro Manabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Miyagawa
- Department of Radiation Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Toru Suzuki
- Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital Groby Road, Glenfield, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK National Institute for Health Research Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
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21
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Weise-Cross L, Taylor JM, Mack CP. Inhibition of Diaphanous Formin Signaling In Vivo Impairs Cardiovascular Development and Alters Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:2374-83. [PMID: 26381868 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We and others have previously shown that RhoA-dependent stimulation of myocardin-related transcription factor nuclear localization promotes smooth muscle cell (SMC) marker gene expression. The goal of this study was to provide direct in vivo evidence that actin polymerization by the diaphanous-related formins contributes to the regulation of SMC differentiation and phenotype. APPROACH AND RESULTS Conditional Cre-based genetic approaches were used to overexpress a well-characterized dominant-negative variant of mDia1 (DNmDia) in SMC. DNmDia expression in SM22-expressing cells resulted in embryonic and perinatal lethality in ≈20% of mice because of defects in myocardial development and SMC investment of peripheral vessels. Although most DNmDia(+)/SM22Cre(+) mice exhibited no overt phenotype, the re-expression of SMC differentiation marker gene expression that occurs after carotid artery ligation was delayed, and this effect was accompanied by a significant decrease in myocardin-related transcription factor-A nuclear localization. Interestingly, neointima growth was inhibited by expression of DNmDia in SMC and this was likely because of a defect in directional SMC migration and not to defects in SMC proliferation or survival. Finally, by using the tamoxifen-inducible SM MHC-CreER(T2) line, we showed that SMC-specific induction of DNmDia in adult mice decreased SMC marker gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Our demonstration that diaphanous-related formin signaling plays a role in heart and vascular development and the maintenance of SMC phenotype provides important new evidence that Rho/actin/myocardin-related transcription factor signaling plays a critical role in cardiovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Weise-Cross
- From the Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Joan M Taylor
- From the Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Christopher P Mack
- From the Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
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22
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Lenhart KC, O'Neill TJ, Cheng Z, Dee R, Demonbreun AR, Li J, Xiao X, McNally EM, Mack CP, Taylor JM. GRAF1 deficiency blunts sarcolemmal injury repair and exacerbates cardiac and skeletal muscle pathology in dystrophin-deficient mice. Skelet Muscle 2015; 5:27. [PMID: 26301073 PMCID: PMC4546166 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-015-0054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The plasma membranes of striated muscle cells are particularly susceptible to rupture as they endure significant mechanical stress and strain during muscle contraction, and studies have shown that defects in membrane repair can contribute to the progression of muscular dystrophy. The synaptotagmin-related protein, dysferlin, has been implicated in mediating rapid membrane repair through its ability to direct intracellular vesicles to sites of membrane injury. However, further work is required to identify the precise molecular mechanisms that govern dysferlin targeting and membrane repair. We previously showed that the bin–amphiphysin–Rvs (BAR)–pleckstrin homology (PH) domain containing Rho-GAP GTPase regulator associated with focal adhesion kinase-1 (GRAF1) was dynamically recruited to the tips of fusing myoblasts wherein it promoted membrane merging by facilitating ferlin-dependent capturing of intracellular vesicles. Because acute membrane repair responses involve similar vesicle trafficking complexes/events and because our prior studies in GRAF1-deficient tadpoles revealed a putative role for GRAF1 in maintaining muscle membrane integrity, we postulated that GRAF1 might also play an important role in facilitating dysferlin-dependent plasma membrane repair. Methods We used an in vitro laser-injury model to test whether GRAF1 was necessary for efficient muscle membrane repair. We also generated dystrophin/GRAF1 doubledeficient mice by breeding mdx mice with GRAF1 hypomorphic mice. Evans blue dye uptake and extensive morphometric analyses were used to assess sarcolemmal integrity and related pathologies in cardiac and skeletal muscles isolated from these mice. Results Herein, we show that GRAF1 is dynamically recruited to damaged skeletal and cardiac muscle plasma membranes and that GRAF1-depleted muscle cells have reduced membrane healing abilities. Moreover, we show that dystrophin depletion exacerbated muscle damage in GRAF1-deficient mice and that mice with dystrophin/GRAF1 double deficiency phenocopied the severe muscle pathologies observed in dystrophin/dysferlin-double null mice. Consistent with a model that GRAF1 facilitates dysferlin-dependent membrane patching, we found that GRAF1 associates with and regulates plasma membrane deposition of dysferlin. Conclusions Overall, our work indicates that GRAF1 facilitates dysferlin-dependent membrane repair following acute muscle injury. These findings indicate that GRAF1 might play a role in the phenotypic variation and pathological progression of cardiac and skeletal muscle degeneration in muscular dystrophy patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13395-015-0054-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin C Lenhart
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Thomas J O'Neill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Zhaokang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Rachel Dee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Alexis R Demonbreun
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Jianbin Li
- Department of Gene Therapy Molecular Pharmaceutics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Gene Therapy Molecular Pharmaceutics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Elizabeth M McNally
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Christopher P Mack
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA ; McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Joan M Taylor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA ; McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
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