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Shelke V, Dagar N, Puri B, Gaikwad AB. Natriuretic peptide system in hypertension: Current understandings of its regulation, targeted therapies and future challenges. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 976:176664. [PMID: 38795757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
The natriuretic peptide system (NPS) is the key driving force of the heart's endocrine function. Recent developments in NPS-targeted therapies have been found promising and effective against cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension. Notably, after discovering crosstalk between NPS and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), various combinations such as neprilysin/angiotensin II receptor type 1 AT1 receptor inhibitors and neprilysin/renin inhibitors have been preclinically and clinically tested against various cardiac complications. However, the therapeutic effects of such combinations on the pathophysiology of hypertension are poorly understood. Furthermore, the complicated phenomena underlying NPS regulation and function, particularly in hypertension, are still unexplored. Mounting evidence suggests that numerous regulatory mechanisms modulate the expression of NPS, which can be used as potential targets against hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this review will specifically focus on epigenetic and other regulators of NPS, identifying prospective regulators that might serve as new therapeutic targets for hypertension. More importantly, it will shed light on recent developments in NPS-targeted therapies, such as M-atrial peptides, and their latest combinations with RAAS modulators, such as S086 and sacubitril-aliskiren. These insights will aid in the development of effective therapies to break the vicious cycle of high blood pressure during hypertension, ultimately addressing the expanding global heart failure pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwadeep Shelke
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Neha Dagar
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Bhupendra Puri
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India.
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2
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Pasławska M, Grodzka A, Peczyńska J, Sawicka B, Bossowski AT. Role of miRNA in Cardiovascular Diseases in Children-Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:956. [PMID: 38256030 PMCID: PMC10816020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The number of children suffering from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is rising globally. Therefore, there is an urgent need to acquire a better understanding of the genetic factors and molecular mechanisms related to the pathogenesis of CVDs in order to develop new prevention and treatment strategies for the future. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a class of small non-coding RNA fragments that range from 17 to 25 nucleotides in length and play an essential role in regulating gene expression, controlling an abundance of biological aspects of cell life, such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, thus affecting immune response, stem cell growth, ageing and haematopoiesis. In recent years, the concept of miRNAs as diagnostic markers allowing discrimination between healthy individuals and those affected by CVDs entered the purview of academic debate. In this review, we aimed to systematise available information regarding miRNAs associated with arrhythmias, cardiomyopathies, myocarditis and congenital heart diseases in children. We focused on the targeted genes and metabolic pathways influenced by those particular miRNAs, and finally, tried to determine the future of miRNAs as novel biomarkers of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Artur Tadeusz Bossowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology with Cardiology Divisions, Medical University of Bialystok, J. Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (M.P.); (A.G.); (J.P.); (B.S.)
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3
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Sayour NV, Tóth VÉ, Nagy RN, Vörös I, Gergely TG, Onódi Z, Nagy N, Bödör C, Váradi B, Ruppert M, Radovits T, Bleckwedel F, Zelarayán LC, Pacher P, Ágg B, Görbe A, Ferdinandy P, Varga ZV. Droplet Digital PCR Is a Novel Screening Method Identifying Potential Cardiac G-Protein-Coupled Receptors as Candidate Pharmacological Targets in a Rat Model of Pressure-Overload-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13826. [PMID: 37762130 PMCID: PMC10531061 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of novel drug targets is needed to improve the outcomes of heart failure (HF). G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest family of targets for already approved drugs, thus providing an opportunity for drug repurposing. Here, we aimed (i) to investigate the differential expressions of 288 cardiac GPCRs via droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and bulk RNA sequencing (RNAseq) in a rat model of left ventricular pressure-overload; (ii) to compare RNAseq findings with those of ddPCR; and (iii) to screen and test for novel, translatable GPCR drug targets in HF. Male Wistar rats subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC, n = 5) showed significant systolic dysfunction vs. sham operated animals (SHAM, n = 5) via echocardiography. In TAC vs. SHAM hearts, RNAseq identified 69, and ddPCR identified 27 significantly differentially expressed GPCR mRNAs, 8 of which were identified using both methods, thus showing a correlation between the two methods. Of these, Prostaglandin-F2α-receptor (Ptgfr) was further investigated and localized on cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts in murine hearts via RNA-Scope. Antagonizing Ptgfr via AL-8810 reverted angiotensin-II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro. In conclusion, using ddPCR as a novel screening method, we were able to identify GPCR targets in HF. We also show that the antagonism of Ptgfr could be a novel target in HF by alleviating cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil V. Sayour
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (N.V.S.)
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Momentum Cardio-Oncology and Cardioimmunology Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktória É. Tóth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (N.V.S.)
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Momentum Cardio-Oncology and Cardioimmunology Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Regina N. Nagy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (N.V.S.)
| | - Imre Vörös
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (N.V.S.)
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Momentum Cardio-Oncology and Cardioimmunology Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás G. Gergely
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (N.V.S.)
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Momentum Cardio-Oncology and Cardioimmunology Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Onódi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (N.V.S.)
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Momentum Cardio-Oncology and Cardioimmunology Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Noémi Nagy
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Bödör
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barnabás Váradi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (N.V.S.)
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mihály Ruppert
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Radovits
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Federico Bleckwedel
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Laura C. Zelarayán
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Bence Ágg
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (N.V.S.)
- MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anikó Görbe
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (N.V.S.)
- Pharmahungary Group, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (N.V.S.)
- MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán V. Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (N.V.S.)
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Momentum Cardio-Oncology and Cardioimmunology Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
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Liu D, Ceddia RP, Zhang W, Shi F, Fang H, Collins S. Discovery of another mechanism for the inhibition of particulate guanylyl cyclases by the natriuretic peptide clearance receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2307882120. [PMID: 37399424 PMCID: PMC10334801 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307882120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiac natriuretic peptides (NPs) control pivotal physiological actions such as fluid and electrolyte balance, cardiovascular homeostasis, and adipose tissue metabolism by activating their receptor enzymes [natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPRA) and natriuretic peptide receptor-B (NPRB)]. These receptors are homodimers that generate intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). The natriuretic peptide receptor-C (NPRC), nicknamed the clearance receptor, lacks a guanylyl cyclase domain; instead, it can bind the NPs to internalize and degrade them. The conventional paradigm is that by competing for and internalizing NPs, NPRC blunts the ability of NPs to signal through NPRA and NPRB. Here we show another previously unknown mechanism by which NPRC can interfere with the cGMP signaling function of the NP receptors. By forming a heterodimer with monomeric NPRA or NPRB, NPRC can prevent the formation of a functional guanylyl cyclase domain and thereby suppress cGMP production in a cell-autonomous manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianxin Liu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, NashvilleTN37232
| | - Ryan P. Ceddia
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, NashvilleTN37232
| | - Wei Zhang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, NashvilleTN37232
| | - Fubiao Shi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, NashvilleTN37232
| | - Huafeng Fang
- Integrative Metabolism Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL32827
| | - Sheila Collins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, NashvilleTN37232
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN37232
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5
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Mavragani A, Pearson JF, Troughton RW, Kennedy MA, Espiner EA. The Predictive Value of A, B, and C-Type Natriuretic Peptides in People at Risk of Heart Disease: Protocol for a Longitudinal Observational Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e37011. [PMID: 36630163 PMCID: PMC9878369 DOI: 10.2196/37011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart disease and stroke are major and often unheralded causes of serious morbidity and premature death in middle age. Early detection of those most at risk is an urgent unmet need for instituting preventative measures. In an earlier community study (Canterbury Health, Ageing and Life Course [CHALICE]) of healthy people aged 50 years, contrary to previous reports, low levels of the heart hormone B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) were associated with reduced measures of heart function and higher markers of vascular risk. A specific gene variant (rs198358) was found to be an independent contributor to higher BNP levels. A closely related vascular hormone (C-type natriuretic peptide [CNP]) showed opposite associations-higher levels were correlated with higher vascular risk and reduced cardiac function. To determine whether these novel findings predict serious heart or vascular disease in later life, this proposal re-examines the same CHALICE participants 15 years later. OBJECTIVE The primary objective is to determine the predictive value of (1) low plasma concentrations of the circulating cardiac hormones (atrial natriuretic peptide [ANP] and BNP) and (2) high levels of the vascular hormone CNP at age 50 years in detecting impaired cardiac and vascular function 15 years later. Secondary objectives are to determine specific associations of individual analytes (ANP, BNP, CNP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate [cGMP]) with echo-derived changes in cardiac performance at ages 50 years and 65 years. METHODS All of the 348 participants (205/348, 58.9% female; 53/348, 15.2% Māori or Pacifica ethnicity) participating in the original CHALICE study-free of history of heart or renal disease at age 50 years and who consented to further study-will be contacted, recruited, and restudied as previously described. Data will include intervening health history, physical examination, heart function (speckle-tracking echocardiography), vascular status (carotid intimal thickness), and genetic status (genome-wide genotyping). Laboratory measures will include fasting blood sampling and routine biochemistry, ANP, BNP, CNP, their downstream effector (cGMP), and their bio-inactive products. Humoral metabolic-cardiovascular risk factors will be measured after an overnight fast. Primary outcomes will be analyzed using multiple linear regression. RESULTS The study will commence in 2022 and be completed in 2024. CONCLUSIONS Proving our hypothesis-that low BNP and high CNP at any age in healthy people predict premature aging of heart and blood vessels, respectively-opens the way to early detection and improved outcomes for those most at risk. Confirmation of our hypotheses would improve current methods of screening and, in appropriate cases, enable interventions aimed at increasing natriuretic hormones and reducing risk of serious cardiovascular complications using drugs already available. Such advances in detection, and from interventional corrections, have the potential to not only improve health in the community but also reduce the high costs inevitably associated with heart failure. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/37011.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John F Pearson
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Biostatistics and Computational Biology Unit, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Richard W Troughton
- Christchurch Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christcurch, New Zealand
| | - Martin A Kennedy
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Eric A Espiner
- Christchurch Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christcurch, New Zealand
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Yu L, Nouri MZ, Liu LP, Bala N, Denslow ND, LaDisa JF, Alli AA. C Type Natriuretic Peptide Receptor Activation Inhibits Sodium Channel Activity in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells by Activating the Diacylglycerol-Protein Kinase C Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13959. [PMID: 36430437 PMCID: PMC9698807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The C-type natriuretic peptide receptor (NPRC) is expressed in many cell types and binds all natriuretic peptides with high affinity. Ligand binding results in the activation or inhibition of various intracellular signaling pathways. Although NPRC ligand binding has been shown to regulate various ion channels, the regulation of endothelial sodium channel (EnNaC) activity by NPRC activation has not been studied. The objective of this study was to investigate mechanisms of EnNaC regulation associated with NPRC activation in human aortic endothelial cells (hAoEC). EnNaC protein expression and activity was attenuated after treating hAoEC with the NPRC agonist cANF compared to vehicle, as demonstrated by Western blotting and patch clamping studies, respectively. NPRC knockdown studies using siRNA's corroborated the specificity of EnNaC regulation by NPRC activation mediated by ligand binding. The concentration of multiple diacylglycerols (DAG) and the activity of protein kinase C (PKC) was augmented after treating hAoEC with cANF compared to vehicle, suggesting EnNaC activity is down-regulated upon NPRC ligand binding in a DAG-PKC dependent manner. The reciprocal cross-talk between NPRC activation and EnNaC inhibition represents a feedback mechanism that presumably is involved in the regulation of endothelial function and aortic stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yu
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Mohammad-Zaman Nouri
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Lauren P. Liu
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Niharika Bala
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Nancy D. Denslow
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - John F. LaDisa
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- The Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Abdel A. Alli
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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7
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Gidlöf O. Toward a New Paradigm for Targeted Natriuretic Peptide Enhancement in Heart Failure. Front Physiol 2021; 12:650124. [PMID: 34721050 PMCID: PMC8548580 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.650124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The natriuretic peptide system (NPS) plays a fundamental role in maintaining cardiorenal homeostasis, and its potent filling pressure-regulated diuretic and vasodilatory effects constitute a beneficial compensatory mechanism in heart failure (HF). Leveraging the NPS for therapeutic benefit in HF has been the subject of intense investigation during the last three decades and has ultimately reached widespread clinical use in the form of angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibition (ARNi). NPS enhancement via ARNi confers beneficial effects on mortality and hospitalization in HF, but inhibition of neprilysin leads to the accumulation of a number of other vasoactive peptides in the circulation, often resulting in hypotension and raising potential concerns over long-term adverse effects. Moreover, ARNi is less effective in the large group of HF patients with preserved ejection fraction. Alternative approaches for therapeutic augmentation of the NPS with increased specificity and efficacy are therefore warranted, and are now becoming feasible particularly with recent development of RNA therapeutics. In this review, the current state-of-the-art in terms of experimental and clinical strategies for NPS augmentation and their implementation will be reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Gidlöf
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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8
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Smolka C, Schlösser D, Koentges C, Tarkhnishvili A, Gorka O, Pfeifer D, Bemtgen X, Asmussen A, Groß O, Diehl P, Moser M, Bode C, Bugger H, Grundmann S, Pankratz F. Cardiomyocyte-specific miR-100 overexpression preserves heart function under pressure overload in mice and diminishes fatty acid uptake as well as ROS production by direct suppression of Nox4 and CD36. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21956. [PMID: 34605573 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100829rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are key regulators of the cardiac response to injury. MiR-100 has recently been suggested to be involved in different forms of heart failure, but functional studies are lacking. In the present study, we examined the impact of transgenic miR-100 overexpression on cardiac structure and function during physiological aging and pathological pressure-overload-induced heart failure in mice after transverse aortic constriction surgery. MiR-100 was moderately upregulated after induction of pressure overload in mice. While in our transgenic model the cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of miR-100 did not result in an obvious cardiac phenotype in unchallenged mice, the transgenic mouse strain exhibited less left ventricular dilatation and a higher ejection fraction than wildtype animals, demonstrating an attenuation of maladaptive cardiac remodeling by miR-100. Cardiac transcriptome analysis identified a repression of several regulatory genes related to cardiac metabolism, lipid peroxidation, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by miR-100 overexpression, possibly mediating the observed functional effects. While the modulation of ROS-production seemed to be indirectly affected by miR-100 via Alox5-and Nox4-downregulation, we demonstrated that miR-100 induced a direct repression of the scavenger protein CD36 in murine hearts resulting in a decreased uptake of long-chain fatty acids and an alteration of mitochondrial respiratory function with an enhanced glycolytic state. In summary, we identified miR-100 as a modulator of cardiac metabolism and ROS production without an apparent cardiac phenotype at baseline but a protective effect under conditions of pressure-overload-induced cardiac stress, providing new insight into the mechanisms of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Smolka
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Delia Schlösser
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Koentges
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aleksandre Tarkhnishvili
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Gorka
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Pfeifer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Xavier Bemtgen
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Asmussen
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Groß
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Diehl
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Moser
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Bode
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heiko Bugger
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sebastian Grundmann
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Pankratz
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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9
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Zeng J, Wang L, Zhao J, Zheng Z, Peng J, Zhang W, Wen T, Nie J, Ding L, Yi D. MiR-100-5p regulates cardiac hypertrophy through activation of autophagy by targeting mTOR. Hum Cell 2021; 34:1388-1397. [PMID: 34138410 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00566-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy has been proved to play a vital role in cardiac hypertrophy. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between miR-100-5p and autophagy in the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Here, miR-100-5p expression was detected in abdominal aortic coarctation (AAC)-induced cardiac hypertrophy rats and Angiotensin II (Ang II)-stimulated cardiomyocytes. In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to explore the function of miR-100-5p on autophagy and cardiac hypertrophy. We also investigated the mechanism of miR-100-5p on autophagy with dual-luciferase reporter assays, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), western blot, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that miR-100-5p was highly expressed in hypertrophic hearts and Ang II-induced cardiomyocytes. Overexpression of miR-100-5p promoted the expression of cardiac hypertrophy markers ANP, BNP and β-MHC and cell surface area, while those were suppressed by miR-100-5p inhibitor. Knockdown of miR-100-5p by antagomiR significantly improves cardiac function and attenuate cardiac hypertrophy in vivo. Mechanistic investigation has found that miR-100-5p promote autophagy by targeting mTOR. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or mTOR overexpression could reverse the function of miR-100-5p in cardiac hypertrophy. These results elucidate that miR-100-5p promoted the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy through autophagy activation by targeting mTOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
- Jiangxi Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianqing Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zeqi Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jingtian Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wan Zhang
- Jiangxi Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tong Wen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jungang Nie
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lu Ding
- Jiangxi Hypertension Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dasong Yi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
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10
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Bär C, Chatterjee S, Falcão Pires I, Rodrigues P, Sluijter JPG, Boon RA, Nevado RM, Andrés V, Sansonetti M, de Windt L, Ciccarelli M, Hamdani N, Heymans S, Figuinha Videira R, Tocchetti CG, Giacca M, Zacchigna S, Engelhardt S, Dimmeler S, Madonna R, Thum T. Non-coding RNAs: update on mechanisms and therapeutic targets from the ESC Working Groups of Myocardial Function and Cellular Biology of the Heart. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 116:1805-1819. [PMID: 32638021 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vast parts of mammalian genomes are actively transcribed, predominantly giving rise to non-coding RNA (ncRNA) transcripts including microRNAs, long ncRNAs, and circular RNAs among others. Contrary to previous opinions that most of these RNAs are non-functional molecules, they are now recognized as critical regulators of many physiological and pathological processes including those of the cardiovascular system. The discovery of functional ncRNAs has opened up new research avenues aiming at understanding ncRNA-related disease mechanisms as well as exploiting them as novel therapeutics in cardiovascular therapy. In this review, we give an update on the current progress in ncRNA research, particularly focusing on cardiovascular physiological and disease processes, which are under current investigation at the ESC Working Groups of Myocardial Function and Cellular Biology of the Heart. This includes a range of topics such as extracellular vesicle-mediated communication, neurohormonal regulation, inflammation, cardiac remodelling, cardio-oncology as well as cardiac development and regeneration, collectively highlighting the wide-spread involvement and importance of ncRNAs in the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bär
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Shambhabi Chatterjee
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Inês Falcão Pires
- Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Rodrigues
- Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Reinier A Boon
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Partner site Rhein/Main, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rosa M Nevado
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Vicente Andrés
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Marida Sansonetti
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Leon de Windt
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Michele Ciccarelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Italy
| | - Nazha Hamdani
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, University Hospital Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Center for Heart Failure Research, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University Hospital Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Raquel Figuinha Videira
- Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carlo G Tocchetti
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Interdepartmental Center of Clinical and Translational Research (CIRCET), Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacca
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy.,School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy
| | - Serena Zacchigna
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefan Engelhardt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Str. 29, Munich 80802, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Biedersteiner Str. 29, Munich 80802, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Frankfurt, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Institute of Cardiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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11
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Rubattu S, Stanzione R, Cotugno M, Bianchi F, Marchitti S, Forte M. Epigenetic control of natriuretic peptides: implications for health and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:5121-5130. [PMID: 32556416 PMCID: PMC11105024 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03573-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The natriuretic peptides (NPs) family, including a class of hormones and their receptors, is largely known for its beneficial effects within the cardiovascular system to preserve regular functions and health. The concentration level of each component of the family is of crucial importance to guarantee a proper control of both systemic and local cardiovascular functions. A fine equilibrium between gene expression, protein secretion and clearance is needed to achieve the final optimal level of NPs. To this aim, the regulation of gene expression and translation plays a key role. In this regard, we know the existence of fine regulatory mechanisms, the so-called epigenetic mechanisms, which target many genes at either the promoter or the 3'UTR region to inhibit or activate their expression. The gene encoding ANP (NPPA) is regulated by histone modifications, DNA methylation, distinct microRNAs and a natural antisense transcript (NPPA-AS1) with consequent implications for both health and disease conditions. Notably, ANP modulates microRNAs on its own. Histone modifications of BNP gene (NPPB) are associated with several cardiomyopathies. The proBNP processing is regulated by miR30-GALNT1/2 axis. Among other components of the NPs family, CORIN, NPRA, NPRC and NEP may undergo epigenetic regulation. A better understanding of the epigenetic control of the NPs family will allow to gain more insights on the pathological basis of common cardiovascular diseases and to identify novel therapeutic targets. The present review article aims to discuss the major achievements obtained so far with studies on the epigenetic modulation of the NPs family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Speranza Rubattu
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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12
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Prickett TC, A Espiner E. Circulating products of C-type natriuretic peptide and links with organ function in health and disease. Peptides 2020; 132:170363. [PMID: 32634451 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Paracrine actions of CNP and rapid degradation at source severely limit study of CNP's many roles in vivo. However provided sensitive and validated assays are used, there is increasing evidence that low concentrations of bioactive CNP in plasma, and the readily detectable concentrations of the bio-inactive processed product of proCNP (aminoterminal proCNP), can be used to advance understanding of the hormone's role in pathophysiology. Provided renal function is normal, concordant changes in both CNP and NTproCNP reflect change in tissue production of proCNP whereas change in CNP alone results from altered rates of bioactive CNP degradation and are reflected in the ratio of NTproCNP to CNP. As already shown in juveniles, where plasma concentration of CNP products are higher and are associated with concurrent endochondral bone growth, measurements of plasma CNP products in mature adults have potential to clarify organ response to stress and injury. Excepting the role of CNP in fetal-maternal welfare, this review examines evidence linking plasma CNP products with function of a wide range of tissues in adults, including the impact of extraneous factors such as nutrients, hormone therapy and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Cr Prickett
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140 New Zealand.
| | - Eric A Espiner
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140 New Zealand
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13
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Saadatian Z, Nariman-Saleh-Fam Z, Khaheshi I, Mansoori Y, Daraei A, Ghaderian SMH, Omrani MD. Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Expression Levels of miR-196a and miR-100 in Coronary Artery Disease Patients. Immunol Invest 2020; 50:914-924. [PMID: 32928012 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2020.1791177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As a chronic inflammatory disease, coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common cause of death worldwide. Dysregulation of microRNA expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) may contribute to CAD and serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker. Here, we evaluated PBMC expression of two CAD-related inflammatory miRNAs, miR-196a and miR-100, in PBMCs of CAD patients with significant stenosis (CAD, n: 72), patients with insignificant coronary stenosis (ICAD, n: 30), and controls (n: 74) and checked whether they can segregate study groups. MiRNA expression was evaluated using the standard stem-loop RT-qPCR method. MiR-196a expression was downregulated in ICAD compared to CADs and healthy groups. MiR100 expression levels were not different between groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis acquainted that miR-196a expression levels in PBMC could segregate CAD individuals or any of its clinical manifestations (i.e. unstable angina, stable angina, acute myocardial infarction) from ICADs. In conclusion, this study reported a distinct miR-196a expression pattern in PBMCs of all patient groups and recommended a biomarker potential for miR-196a in discriminating ICADs from CADs or healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Saadatian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Ziba Nariman-Saleh-Fam
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Isa Khaheshi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaser Mansoori
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Daraei
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Mir Davood Omrani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Effect of statin therapy on plasma C-type Natriuretic Peptides and Endothelin-1 in males with and without symptomatic coronary artery disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7927. [PMID: 32404888 PMCID: PMC7220949 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64795-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
C-type Natriuretic Peptide (CNP) and Endothelin-1 (ET-1) have reciprocal roles in maintaining vascular homeostasis and are acutely modulated by statins in human cultured endothelial cells. Whether these actions of statins in vitro are reflected in studies in vivo is unknown. In a prospective study of 66 subjects with or without post- acute coronary syndrome (ACS), plasma concentrations of bioactive CNP and bio-inactive aminoterminal proCNP (NTproCNP), ET-1, B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) and high sensitivity C Reactive Protein (hsCRP) were measured together with lipids before and at intervals of 1, 2 and 7 days after commencing atorvastatin 40 mg/day - and for a further period of 6months in those with ACS. Plasma lipids fell significantly in all subjects but plasma CNP, NTproCNP and ET-1 were unchanged by atorvastatin. In ACS, baseline hsCRP, BNP and CNP but not NTproCNP or ET-1 were significantly raised compared to values in age-matched controls. The ratio of NTproCNP to CNP was significantly lower in ACS throughout the study and was unaffected by statin therapy. We conclude that conventional doses of atorvastatin do not affect plasma CNP products or ET-1. Elevated CNP after cardiac injury likely results from regulated changes in clearance, not enhanced production.
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15
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Qian G, Jin X, Zhang L. LncRNA FENDRR Upregulation Promotes Hepatic Carcinoma Cells Apoptosis by Targeting miR-362-5p Via NPR3 and p38-MAPK Pathway. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2020; 35:629-639. [PMID: 32251605 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2019.3468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Abnormal long noncoding RNA FOXF1 adjacent noncoding developmental regulatory RNA (FENDRR) expression has been discovered in multiple human cancers pathogenesis, but its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells is rarely reported. Its effects on HCC cells are covered in this study. Materials and Methods: MiR-362-5p and NPR3 expressions in HCC tissues and cell were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot as needed. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Target gene and potential binding sites of FENDRR, miR-362-5p, and NPR3 were predicted and confirmed by TargetScan and Starbase, and dual-luciferase reporter assay. Results: FENDRR expression was downregulated while miR-362-5p expression was upregulated in HCC tissues and cells. FENDRR upregulation inhibited HCC cells viability yet induced apoptosis, which was reversed by miR-362-5p. In addition, miR-362-5p resulted in p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activation and NPR3 expression decrease in HCC cells, which was reversed by FENDRR. Conclusion: FENDRR inhibited HCC cells viability yet promoted apoptosis by targeting miR-362-5p by promoting NPR3 and deactivating p38-MAPK pathway, thus exerting its anticarcinogenic effects in HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Qian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhuji, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Louwei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhuji, China
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16
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Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF) and Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF): The Diagnostic Value of Circulating MicroRNAs. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121651. [PMID: 31888288 PMCID: PMC6952981 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs offer attractive potential as epigenetic disease biomarkers by virtue of their biological stability and ready accessibility in liquid biopsies. Numerous clinical cohort studies have revealed unique microRNA profiles in different disease settings, suggesting utility as markers with diagnostic and prognostic applications. Given the complex network of microRNA functions in modulating gene expression and post-transcriptional modifications, the circulating microRNA landscape in disease may reflect pathophysiological status, providing valuable information for delineating distinct subtypes and/or stages of complex diseases. Heart failure (HF) is an increasingly significant global health challenge, imposing major economic liability and health care burden due to high hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality rates. Although HF is defined as a syndrome characterized by symptoms and findings on physical examination, it may be further differentiated based on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and categorized as HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The presenting clinical syndromes in HFpEF and HFrEF are similar but mortality differs, being somewhat lower in HFpEF than in HFrEF. However, while HFrEF is responsive to an array of therapies, none has been shown to improve survival in HFpEF. Herein, we review recent HF cohort studies focusing on the distinct microRNA profiles associated with HF subtypes to reveal new insights to underlying mechanisms and explore the possibility of exploiting these differences for diagnostic/prognostic applications.
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17
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Zhao G. Significance of non-coding circular RNAs and micro RNAs in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. J Med Genet 2018; 55:713-720. [PMID: 30177556 PMCID: PMC6252363 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2018-105387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure, coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction are the most prominent cardiovascular diseases contributing significantly to death worldwide. In the majority of situations, except for surgical interventions and transplantation, there are no reliable therapeutic approaches available to address these health problem. Despite several advances that led to the development of biomarkers and therapies based on the renin–angiotensin system, adrenergic pathways, etc, more definitive and consistent biomarkers and specific target based molecular therapies are still being sought. Recent advances in the field of genomic research has helped in identifying non-coding RNAs, including circular RNAs, piRNAs, micro RNAs, and long non-coding RNAs, that play a significant role in the regulation of gene expression and function and have direct impact on pathophysiological mechanisms. This new knowledge is currently being explored with much hope for the development of novel treatments and biomarkers. Circular RNAs and micro RNAs have been described in myocardium and aortic valves and were shown to be involved in the regulation of pathophysiological processes that potentially contribute to cardiovascular diseases. Approximately 32 000 human exonic circular RNAs have been catalogued and their functions are still being ascertained. In the heart, circular RNAs were shown to bind micro RNAs in a specific manner and regulate the expression of transcription factors and stress response genes, and expression of these non-coding RNAs were found to change in conditions such as cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure and cardiac remodelling, reflecting their significance as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. In this review, we address the present state of understanding on the biogenesis, regulation and pathophysiological roles of micro and circular RNAs in cardiovascular diseases, and on the potential future perspectives on their use as biomarkers and therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoan Zhao
- The Cardiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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18
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MicroRNA-143 modulates the expression of Natriuretic Peptide Receptor 3 in cardiac cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7055. [PMID: 29728596 PMCID: PMC5935707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Natriuretic Peptide Receptor 3 (NPR3), the clearance receptor for extracellular bio-active natriuretic peptides (NPs), plays important roles in the homeostasis of body fluid volume and vascular tone. Using luciferase reporter and antagomir-based silencing assays, we demonstrated that the expression of NPR3 could be modulated by microRNA-143 (miR-143-3p), a microRNA species with up-regulated circulating concentrations in clinical heart failure. The regulatory effect of miR-143 on NPR3 expression was further evidenced by the reciprocal relationship between miR-143 and NPR3 levels observed in hypoxia-treated human cardiac cells and in left ventricular tissue from rats undergoing experimental myocardial infarction. Further analysis indicated elevation of miR-143 in response to hypoxic challenge reflects transcriptional activation of the miR-143 host gene (MIR143HG). This was corroborated by demonstration of the induction of host gene promoter activity upon hypoxic challenge. Moreover, miR-143 was shown to enhance its own expression by increasing MIR143HG promoter activity, as well as targeting the expressions of NPPA, NPPC, NR3C2, and CRHR2 in cardiac cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that the elevation of miR-143 upon hypoxic insult may be part of a microRNA-based feed forward loop that results in fine tuning the levels of NPs and neurohormonal receptors in cardiac cell lineages.
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19
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Fu S, Ping P, Wang F, Luo L. Synthesis, secretion, function, metabolism and application of natriuretic peptides in heart failure. J Biol Eng 2018; 12:2. [PMID: 29344085 PMCID: PMC5766980 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-017-0093-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As a family of hormones with pleiotropic effects, natriuretic peptide (NP) system includes atrial NP (ANP), B-type NP (BNP), C-type NP (CNP), dendroaspis NP and urodilatin, with NP receptor-A (guanylate cyclase-A), NP receptor-B (guanylate cyclase-B) and NP receptor-C (clearance receptor). These peptides are genetically distinct, but structurally and functionally related for regulating circulatory homeostasis in vertebrates. In humans, ANP and BNP are encoded by NP precursor A (NPPA) and NPPB genes on chromosome 1, whereas CNP is encoded by NPPC on chromosome 2. NPs are synthesized and secreted through certain mechanisms by cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, endotheliocytes, immune cells (neutrophils, T-cells and macrophages) and immature cells (embryonic stem cells, muscle satellite cells and cardiac precursor cells). They are mainly produced by cardiovascular, brain and renal tissues in response to wall stretch and other causes. NPs provide natriuresis, diuresis, vasodilation, antiproliferation, antihypertrophy, antifibrosis and other cardiometabolic protection. NPs represent body's own antihypertensive system, and provide compensatory protection to counterbalance vasoconstrictor-mitogenic-sodium retaining hormones, released by renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS). NPs play central roles in regulation of heart failure (HF), and are inactivated through not only NP receptor-C, but also neutral endopeptidase (NEP), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and insulin degrading enzyme. Both BNP and N-terminal proBNP are useful biomarkers to not only make the diagnosis and assess the severity of HF, but also guide the therapy and predict the prognosis in patients with HF. Current NP-augmenting strategies include the synthesis of NPs or agonists to increase NP bioactivity and inhibition of NEP to reduce NP breakdown. Nesiritide has been established as an available therapy, and angiotensin receptor blocker NEP inhibitor (ARNI, LCZ696) has obtained extremely encouraging results with decreased morbidity and mortality. Novel pharmacological approaches based on NPs may promote a therapeutic shift from suppressing the RAAS and SNS to re-balancing neuroendocrine dysregulation in patients with HF. The current review discussed the synthesis, secretion, function and metabolism of NPs, and their diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic values in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Fu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100853 China
- Department of Cardiology and Hainan Branch, Chinese People’s Liberation Army, General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Ping
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Chinese People’s, Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fengqi Wang
- Department of Cardiology and Hainan Branch, Chinese People’s Liberation Army, General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Leiming Luo
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100853 China
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20
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Cai MY, Cheng J, Zhou MY, Liang LL, Lian SM, Xie XS, Xu S, Liu X, Xiong XD. The association between pre-miR-27a rs895819 polymorphism and myocardial infarction risk in a Chinese Han population. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:7. [PMID: 29304813 PMCID: PMC5756394 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0652-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidences have shown that miRNAs are directly or indirectly involved in a variety of biological processes, and closely associated with diverse human diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. SNPs locating within pri/pre-miRNA can affect miRNA processing and binding ability of target genes. MiR-27a, miR-26a-1 miR-100, miR-126 and miR-218 were reported to be associated with pathogenesis of myocardial infarction (MI). Here we aimed to evaluate the potential association of five polymorphisms in these pri/pre-miRNAs with individual susceptibility to MI in a Chinese Han population. Methods Genotyping was performed in 287 MI cases and 646 control subjects using polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection reaction (PCR-LDR) method. The association of these SNPs with MI risk was performed with SPSS software. Results In a logistic regression analysis, we found that AG heterozygote (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.21-0.76, Pa = 0.005) or AA homozygote (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.22-0.75, Pa = 0.004) of pre-miR-27a rs895819 had a reduced susceptibility to MI in comparison with GG homozygote. Similarly, a reduced risk of MI was detected when the AG and AA genotypes were combined (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.22-0.74, Pa = 0.003). However, no significant association between pri-miR-26a-1 pri-miR-100, pri-miR-126 and pri-miR-218 polymorphisms and MI risk was observed under the allelic and established genetic models. Further stratified analysis of pre-miR-27a rs895819 revealed a more significant association of AG + AA genotypes with MI risk among younger, male and smoking subjects. Interestingly, AG and AA genotypes of the rs895819 polymorphism conferred about 0.17 mmol/L and 0.18 mmol/L increase in HDL-C levels compared to GG genotype. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the pre-miR-27a rs895819 polymorphism is associated with MI susceptibility in the Chinese Han population, which probably due to influence the HDL-C levels. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12944-017-0652-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yun Cai
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Xin Cheng Avenue 1#, Songshan Lake, Dongguan, 523808, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Xin Cheng Avenue 1#, Songshan Lake, Dongguan, 523808, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Zhou
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Xin Cheng Avenue 1#, Songshan Lake, Dongguan, 523808, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Li Liang
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Xin Cheng Avenue 1#, Songshan Lake, Dongguan, 523808, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Min Lian
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Xin Cheng Avenue 1#, Songshan Lake, Dongguan, 523808, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Shan Xie
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Xin Cheng Avenue 1#, Songshan Lake, Dongguan, 523808, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun Xu
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Xin Cheng Avenue 1#, Songshan Lake, Dongguan, 523808, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinguang Liu
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Xin Cheng Avenue 1#, Songshan Lake, Dongguan, 523808, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Dong Xiong
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Xin Cheng Avenue 1#, Songshan Lake, Dongguan, 523808, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Chen YT, Wang J, Tong KS, Wong LL, Liew OW, Richards AM. The association of heart failure-related microRNAs with neurohormonal signaling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2031-2040. [PMID: 28065846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a widely prevalent syndrome imposing a significant burden of morbidity and mortality world-wide. Differential circulating microRNA profiles observed in HF cohorts suggest the diagnostic utility of microRNAs as biomarkers. Given their function in fine tuning gene expression, alternations in microRNA landscape could reflecting the underlying mechanisms of disease and present potential therapeutic targets. Using multiple computational target predicting algorithms together with the luciferase-based reporting platform, the interactions between HF-related microRNAs and the 3' untranslated regions (3'UTRs) of neurohormone associated genes were examined and compared. Our results indicate that although in silico prediction provides an overview of possible microRNA-mRNA target pairs, less than half of the predicted interactions were experimentally confirmed by reporter assays in HeLa cells. Thus, the establishment of microRNA/3'UTR reporters is essential to systemically evaluate the roles of microRNAs for signaling cascades of interest, including cardiovascular neurohormonal signaling. The physiological relevance of HF-related microRNAs on the expression of putative gene targets was further established by using gain-of-function assays in two human cardiac-derived cells. Our findings, for the first time, provide direct evidence of the regulatory effects of HF-related microRNAs on the neurohormonal signaling in cardiac cells. More importantly, our study presents a rational approach to further exploring microRNA profiling data in deciphering the role of microRNA in complex syndromes such as HF. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Genetic and epigenetic control of heart failure - edited by Jun Ren & Megan Yingmei Zhang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yei-Tsung Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #08-01, MD6 Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, 117599, Singapore.
| | - Juan Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #08-01, MD6 Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, 117599, Singapore.
| | - Kai Sing Tong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #08-01, MD6 Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, 117599, Singapore.
| | - Lee Lee Wong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #08-01, MD6 Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, 117599, Singapore.
| | - Oi Wah Liew
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #08-01, MD6 Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, 117599, Singapore.
| | - Arthur Mark Richards
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #08-01, MD6 Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, 117599, Singapore; Cardiac Department, National University Health System, Tower Block Level 9, 1E Kent Ridge Road, 119228, Singapore; Christchurch Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch 8014, New Zealand.
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22
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Abstract
cGMP controls many cellular functions ranging from growth, viability, and differentiation to contractility, secretion, and ion transport. The mammalian genome encodes seven transmembrane guanylyl cyclases (GCs), GC-A to GC-G, which mainly modulate submembrane cGMP microdomains. These GCs share a unique topology comprising an extracellular domain, a short transmembrane region, and an intracellular COOH-terminal catalytic (cGMP synthesizing) region. GC-A mediates the endocrine effects of atrial and B-type natriuretic peptides regulating arterial blood pressure/volume and energy balance. GC-B is activated by C-type natriuretic peptide, stimulating endochondral ossification in autocrine way. GC-C mediates the paracrine effects of guanylins on intestinal ion transport and epithelial turnover. GC-E and GC-F are expressed in photoreceptor cells of the retina, and their activation by intracellular Ca(2+)-regulated proteins is essential for vision. Finally, in the rodent system two olfactorial GCs, GC-D and GC-G, are activated by low concentrations of CO2and by peptidergic (guanylins) and nonpeptidergic odorants as well as by coolness, which has implications for social behaviors. In the past years advances in human and mouse genetics as well as the development of sensitive biosensors monitoring the spatiotemporal dynamics of cGMP in living cells have provided novel relevant information about this receptor family. This increased our understanding of the mechanisms of signal transduction, regulation, and (dys)function of the membrane GCs, clarified their relevance for genetic and acquired diseases and, importantly, has revealed novel targets for therapies. The present review aims to illustrate these different features of membrane GCs and the main open questions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Kuhn
- Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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23
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Differential MicroRNA Expression Profile in Myxomatous Mitral Valve Prolapse and Fibroelastic Deficiency Valves. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050753. [PMID: 27213335 PMCID: PMC4881574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myxomatous mitral valve prolapse (MMVP) and fibroelastic deficiency (FED) are two common variants of degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD), which is a leading cause of mitral regurgitation worldwide. While pathohistological studies have revealed differences in extracellular matrix content in MMVP and FED, the molecular mechanisms underlying these two disease entities remain to be elucidated. By using surgically removed valvular specimens from MMVP and FED patients that were categorized on the basis of echocardiographic, clinical and operative findings, a cluster of microRNAs that expressed differentially were identified. The expressions of has-miR-500, -3174, -17, -1193, -646, -1273e, -4298, -203, -505, and -939 showed significant differences between MMVP and FED after applying Bonferroni correction (p < 0.002174). The possible involvement of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of DMVD were further suggested by the presences of in silico predicted target sites on a number of genes reported to be involved in extracellular matrix homeostasis and marker genes for cellular composition of mitral valves, including decorin (DCN), aggrecan (ACAN), fibromodulin (FMOD), α actin 2 (ACTA2), extracellular matrix protein 2 (ECM2), desmin (DES), endothelial cell specific molecule 1 (ESM1), and platelet/ endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM1), as well as inverse correlations of selected microRNA and mRNA expression in MMVP and FED groups. Our results provide evidence that distinct molecular mechanisms underlie MMVP and FED. Moreover, the microRNAs identified may be targets for the future development of diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutics.
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24
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Overview of MicroRNAs in Cardiac Hypertrophy, Fibrosis, and Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050749. [PMID: 27213331 PMCID: PMC4881570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that play essential roles in modulating the gene expression in almost all biological events. In the past decade, the involvement of miRNAs in various cardiovascular disorders has been explored in numerous in vitro and in vivo studies. In this paper, studies focused upon the discovery of miRNAs, their target genes, and functionality are reviewed. The selected miRNAs discussed herein have regulatory effects on target gene expression as demonstrated by miRNA/3′ end untranslated region (3′UTR) interaction assay and/or gain/loss-of-function approaches. The listed miRNA entities are categorized according to the biological relevance of their target genes in relation to three cardiovascular pathologies, namely cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and apoptosis. Furthermore, comparison across 86 studies identified several candidate miRNAs that might be of particular importance in the ontogenesis of cardiovascular diseases as they modulate the expression of clusters of target genes involved in the progression of multiple adverse cardiovascular events. This review illustrates the involvement of miRNAs in diverse biological signaling pathways and provides an overview of current understanding of, and progress of research into, of the roles of miRNAs in cardiovascular health and disease.
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25
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Pek SLT, Sum CF, Lin MX, Cheng AKS, Wong MTK, Lim SC, Tavintharan S. Circulating and visceral adipose miR-100 is down-regulated in patients with obesity and Type 2 diabetes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 427:112-23. [PMID: 26973292 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health problem conferring substantial excess risk for Type 2 diabetes (T2D). The role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in obesity and adipose tissue is not clearly defined. We hypothesize that circulating miRNA expression profiles vary according to differences in body mass index (BMI) and T2D and circulating miRNAs may reflect adipose tissue expression. Compared to healthy, lean individuals, circulating miR-100 was significantly lower in obese normoglycemic subjects and subjects with T2D. In visceral adipose tissue, expression of miR-100 was lower from obese subjects with T2D compared to obese subjects without T2D. miR-100 expression was significantly lower after adipogenic induction in human visceral, subcutaneous adipocytes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. miR-100 reduced expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Insulin Growth Factor Receptor (IGFR) directly. Differentiation of 3T3-L1 was accelerated by inhibition of miR-100 and reduced by miR-100 mimic transfection. Our data provide the first evidence of an association of circulating miR-100 with obesity and diabetes. Additionally, our in-vitro findings, and the miR-100 expression patterns in site-specific adipose tissue suggest miR-100 to modulate IGFR, mTOR and mediate adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chee Fang Sum
- Diabetes Centre, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 768828, Singapore; Division of Endocrinology, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 768828, Singapore.
| | | | | | | | - Su Chi Lim
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 768828, Singapore; Diabetes Centre, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 768828, Singapore; Division of Endocrinology, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 768828, Singapore.
| | - Subramaniam Tavintharan
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 768828, Singapore; Diabetes Centre, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 768828, Singapore; Division of Endocrinology, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 768828, Singapore.
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26
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Wong LL, Wang J, Liew OW, Richards AM, Chen YT. MicroRNA and Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:502. [PMID: 27058529 PMCID: PMC4848958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) imposes significant economic and public health burdens upon modern society. It is known that disturbances in neurohormonal status play an important role in the pathogenesis of HF. Therapeutics that antagonize selected neurohormonal pathways, specifically the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and sympathetic nervous systems, have significantly improved patient outcomes in HF. Nevertheless, mortality remains high with about 50% of HF patients dying within five years of diagnosis thus mandating ongoing efforts to improve HF management. The discovery of short noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs) and our increasing understanding of their functions, has presented potential therapeutic applications in complex diseases, including HF. Results from several genome-wide miRNA studies have identified miRNAs differentially expressed in HF cohorts suggesting their possible involvement in the pathogenesis of HF and their potential as both biomarkers and as therapeutic targets. Unravelling the functional relevance of miRNAs within pathogenic pathways is a major challenge in cardiovascular research. In this article, we provide an overview of the role of miRNAs in the cardiovascular system. We highlight several HF-related miRNAs reported from selected cohorts and review their putative roles in neurohormonal signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Lee Wong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #08-01, MD6 Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
| | - Juan Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #08-01, MD6 Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
| | - Oi Wah Liew
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #08-01, MD6 Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
| | - Arthur Mark Richards
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #08-01, MD6 Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
- Cardiac Department, National University Health System, Tower Block Level 9, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
- Christchurch Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch 8014, New Zealand.
| | - Yei-Tsung Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #08-01, MD6 Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
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27
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MicroRNA expression profiles of human left ventricle derived cardiac cells in normoxic and hypoxic conditions. GENOMICS DATA 2015; 5:59-60. [PMID: 26484225 PMCID: PMC4583634 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Studies in the cardiovascular research field have demonstrated the vital roles of microRNAs for proper cardiovascular development and functional maintenance. The involvement of aberrant microRNA expression leading to ontogenesis of cardiovascular diseases lends further support of the regulatory role of microRNAs in heart function. Hypoxic insult is one of the major factors that trigger downstream signal cascades which contribute to the pathogenesis of hypoxic/ischemic-related heart diseases. Here, we report the microRNA expression profile in human cardiac-derived cells subjected to 120-h hypoxic treatment. By comparing with the normoxic control state, we identified microRNAs differentially expressed in cardiac cells subjected to hypoxic challenge. MicroRNA microarray data are available at NCBI under the GEO accession number, GSE55387.
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