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Fu C, Li Q, Li M, Zhang J, Zhou F, Li Z, He D, Hu X, Ning X, Guo W, Li W, Ma J, Chen G, Xiao Y, Ou C, Guo W. An Integrated Arterial Remodeling Hydrogel for Preventing Restenosis After Angioplasty. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307063. [PMID: 38342624 PMCID: PMC11022711 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
The high incidence of restenosis after angioplasty has been the leading reason for the recurrence of coronary heart disease, substantially increasing the mortality risk for patients. However, current anti-stenosis drug-eluting stents face challenges due to their limited functions and long-term safety concerns, significantly compromising their therapeutic effect. Herein, a stent-free anti-stenosis drug coating (denoted as Cur-NO-Gel) based on a peptide hydrogel is proposed. This hydrogel is formed by assembling a nitric oxide (NO) donor-peptide conjugate as a hydrogelator and encapsulating curcumin (Cur) during the assembly process. Cur-NO-Gel has the capability to release NO upon β-galactosidase stimulation and gradually release Cur through hydrogel hydrolysis. The in vitro experiments confirmed that Cur-NO-Gel protects vascular endothelial cells against oxidative stress injury, inhibits cellular activation of vascular smooth muscle cells, and suppresses adventitial fibroblasts. Moreover, periadventitial administration of Cur-NO-Gel in the angioplasty model demonstrate its ability to inhibit vascular stenosis by promoting reendothelialization, suppressing neointima hyperplasia, and preventing constrictive remodeling. Therefore, the study provides proof of concept for designing a new generation of clinical drugs in angioplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxing Fu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional RadiologyThe Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of Biomedical EngineeringGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510260China
- Department of CardiologyLaboratory of Heart CenterZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510280China
| | - Qiu Li
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional RadiologyThe Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of Biomedical EngineeringGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510260China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of CardiologyLaboratory of Heart CenterZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510280China
| | - Jiexin Zhang
- Department of CardiologyLaboratory of Heart CenterZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510280China
| | - Feiran Zhou
- Department of CardiologyLaboratory of Heart CenterZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510280China
| | - Zechuan Li
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional RadiologyThe Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of Biomedical EngineeringGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510260China
| | - Dongyue He
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional RadiologyThe Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of Biomedical EngineeringGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510260China
| | - Xinyi Hu
- Department of CardiologyLaboratory of Heart CenterZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510280China
| | - Xiaodong Ning
- Department of CardiologyLaboratory of Heart CenterZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510280China
| | - Wenjie Guo
- Department of CardiologyLaboratory of Heart CenterZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510280China
| | - Weirun Li
- Department of CardiologyLaboratory of Heart CenterZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510280China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional RadiologyThe Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of Biomedical EngineeringGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510260China
| | - Guoqin Chen
- Department of CardiologyPanyu Central HospitalGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou510006China
| | - Yafang Xiao
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional RadiologyThe Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of Biomedical EngineeringGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510260China
| | - Caiwen Ou
- Department of CardiologyLaboratory of Heart CenterZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510280China
| | - Weisheng Guo
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional RadiologyThe Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of Biomedical EngineeringGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510260China
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Xue M, Li B, Lu Y, Zhang L, Yang B, Shi L. FOXM1 Participates in Scleral Remodeling in Myopia by Upregulating APOA1 Expression Through METTL3/YTHDF2. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:19. [PMID: 38190128 PMCID: PMC10777875 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) is a potential crucial protein and treatment goal for pathological myopia in humans. This study set out to discover the function of APOA1 in scleral remodeling in myopia and its underlying mechanisms. Methods A myopic cell model was induced using hypoxia. Following loss- and gain-of function experiments, the expression of the myofibroblast transdifferentiation-related and collagen production-related factors Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1), APOA1, and methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) in the myopic cell model was examined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. The proliferation and apoptosis were determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was employed to examine FOXM1 enrichment in the METTL3 promoter, methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (Me-RIP) to examine the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification level of APOA1, and photoactivatable ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (PAR-CLIP) to examine the binding between METTL3 and APOA1. Results Hypoxia-induced human scleral fibroblasts (HSFs) had high APOA1 and FOXM1 expression and low METTL3 expression. FOXM1 knockdown elevated METTL3 expression and downregulated APOA1 expression. FOXM1 was enriched in METTL3 promoter. APOA1 or FOXM1 knockdown or METTL3 overexpression reversed the hypoxia-induced elevation in vinculin, paxillin, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) levels and apoptosis and the reduction in collagen, type I, alpha 1 (COL1A1) level and cell proliferation in HSFs. METTL3 or YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein F2 (YTHDF2) knockdown or APOA1 overexpression reversed the impacts of FOXM1 knockdown on vinculin, paxillin, α-SMA, and COL1A1 expression and cell proliferation and apoptosis. Conclusions FOXM1 elevated the m6A methylation level of APOA1 by repressing METTL3 transcription and enhanced APOA1 mRNA stability and transcription by reducing the YTHDF2-recognized m6A methylated transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xue
- Department of Ophthalmology, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital/Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital Clinical College, Anhui Medical University/Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital Clinical College, Bengbu Medical University/Anhui Eye Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Boai Li
- Dehong People's Hospital, The Affiliated Dehong Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Dehong, Yunan, China
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Graduate School of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital/Anhui Eye Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Luyuan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bing Yang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital/Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital Clinical College, Anhui Medical University/Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital Clinical College, Bengbu Medical University/Anhui Eye Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Greigert H, Ramon A, Genet C, Cladière C, Gerard C, Cuidad M, Corbera-Bellalta M, Alba-Rovira R, Arnould L, Creuzot-Garcher C, Martin L, Tarris G, Ghesquière T, Ouandji S, Audia S, Cid MC, Bonnotte B, Samson M. Neointimal myofibroblasts contribute to maintaining Th1/Tc1 and Th17/Tc17 inflammation in giant cell arteritis. J Autoimmun 2024; 142:103151. [PMID: 38039746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) have been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of giant cell arteritis (GCA) through their capacity to produce chemokines recruiting T cells and monocytes in the arterial wall and their ability to migrate and proliferate in the neointima where they acquire a myofibroblast (MF) phenotype, leading to vascular stenosis. This study aimed to investigate if MFs could also impact T-cell polarization. Confocal microscopy was used to analyze fresh fragments of temporal artery biopsies (TABs). Healthy TAB sections were cultured to obtain MFs, which were then treated or not with interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and analyzed by immunofluorescence and RT-PCR. After peripheral blood mononuclear cells and MFs were co-cultured for seven days, T-cell polarization was analyzed by flow cytometry. In the neointima of GCA arteries, we observed a phenotypic heterogeneity among VSMCs that was consistent with a MF phenotype (α-SMA+CD90+desmin+MYH11+) with a high level of STAT1 phosphorylation. Co-culture experiments showed that MFs sustain Th1/Tc1 and Th17/Tc17 polarizations. The increased Th1 and Tc1 polarization was further enhanced following the stimulation of MFs with IFN-γ and TNF-α, which induced STAT1 phosphorylation in MFs. These findings correlated with increases in the production of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12 and IL-23 by MFs. Our study showed that MFs play an additional role in the pathogenesis of GCA through their ability to maintain Th17/Tc17 and Th1/Tc1 polarizations, the latter being further enhanced in case of stimulation of MF with IFN-γ and TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Greigert
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Referral Center for Rare Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases (MAIS), Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France; Department of Vascular Medicine, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - André Ramon
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-21000, Dijon, France; Department of Rheumatology, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Coraline Genet
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Claudie Cladière
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Claire Gerard
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Marion Cuidad
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Marc Corbera-Bellalta
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Alba-Rovira
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Louis Arnould
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | | | - Laurent Martin
- Department of Pathology, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Georges Tarris
- Department of Pathology, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Thibault Ghesquière
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Referral Center for Rare Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases (MAIS), Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Sethi Ouandji
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Referral Center for Rare Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases (MAIS), Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Sylvain Audia
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Referral Center for Rare Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases (MAIS), Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Maria C Cid
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernard Bonnotte
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Referral Center for Rare Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases (MAIS), Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Maxime Samson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Referral Center for Rare Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases (MAIS), Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-21000, Dijon, France.
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Li L, Gao J, Chen BX, Liu X, Shi L, Wang Y, Wang L, Wang Y, Su P, Yang MF, Xie B. Fibroblast activation protein imaging in atrial fibrillation: a proof-of-concept study. J Nucl Cardiol 2023; 30:2712-2720. [PMID: 37626209 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-023-03352-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the feasibility of using radiolabeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) PET/CT imaging to assess activated fibroblasts in the atria of individuals with AF and to identify factors contributing to enhanced atrial activity. METHODS We constructed left atrial appendage (LAA) pacing beagle dog AF models (n = 5) and conducted 18F-FAPI PET/CT imaging at baseline and eight weeks after pacing. Right atrial (RA) specimens were collected from these models. Additionally, 28 AF patients and ten age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers underwent 18F-FAPI PET/CT imaging. RESULTS RA of AF beagles showed increased 18F-FAPI uptake. Among AF patients, 18 out of 28 (64.3%) exhibited enhanced atrial FAPI activity. No atrial 18F-FAPI uptake was observed in the sham beagle and healthy volunteers. In animal RA specimens, 18F-FAPI activity correlated positively with FAP mRNA (r = .98, P = .002) and protein (r = .82, P = .03) levels, as well as collagen I mRNA expression (r = .85, P = .02). B-type natriuretic peptide levels were associated with atrial 18F-FAPI activity (OR = 3.01, P = .046). CONCLUSION This proof-of-concept study suggests that 18F-FAPI PET/CT imaging may be a feasible method for evaluating activated fibroblasts in the atria of AF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8th Gongtinanlu Rd, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bi-Xi Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8th Gongtinanlu Rd, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xingpeng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Imaging Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Imaging Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Imaging Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8th Gongtinanlu Rd, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yidan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Imaging Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Pixiong Su
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Cardiac Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8th Gongtinanlu Rd, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Min-Fu Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8th Gongtinanlu Rd, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Boqia Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Imaging Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Cardiac Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8th Gongtinanlu Rd, Beijing, 100020, China.
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Yu LH, Zhuo R, Song GX, Lin M, Jin WQ. High myopia control is comparable between multifocal rigid gas-permeable lenses and spectacles. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1207328. [PMID: 37636562 PMCID: PMC10449577 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1207328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ocular pathology may be reduced by slowing myopia progression. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of a novel custom-designed rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lens to control high myopia by comparing the efficacy of multifocal RGP lenses and single-vision spectacles for high myopia control. Methods The medical records of children fitted with spectacles or multifocal rigid gas-permeable lenses between January 2018 and May 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Children (5-17 years) with non-cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction of ≤ -6.00 D or spherical equivalent refraction > - 6.00 D with baseline axial length ≥ 26.5 mm, and astigmatism of ≥ -2.00 D were included. Axial length and refraction were measured at baseline, before fitting the participants with multifocal rigid gas-permeable lenses or spectacles, and at 1- and 2-year follow-up visits. Changes in axial length were compared between the groups. Results Among the 77 children with 1-year follow-up data, the mean axial elongation was 0.20 ± 0.17 mm and 0.21 ± 0.14 mm in the multifocal rigid gas-permeable and control groups, respectively, without significant differences between groups (F = 0.004, p = 0.835). Among the 41 patients who completed 2 years of follow-up, the mean axial elongation values in the multifocal rigid gas-permeable and control groups were 0.21 ± 0.15 mm and 0.24 ± 0.13 mm, respectively, at the 1-year follow-up, and 0.37 ± 0.27 mm and 0.43 ± 0.23 mm, respectively, at the 2-year follow-up, without significant between-group differences at either time point (p = 0.224). Conclusion Axial length increased at a similar rate in both the control (spectacles) and multifocal rigid gas-permeable lens groups, suggesting that multifocal rigid gas-permeable lenses have no significant impact on controlling high myopia progression compared with spectacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-hua Yu
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ran Zhuo
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guan-xing Song
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meng Lin
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wan-qing Jin
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The First People’s Hospital of Aksu District in Xinjiang, Aksu, China
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Yabu A, Suzuki A, Hayashi K, Hori Y, Terai H, Orita K, Habibi H, Salimi H, Kono H, Toyoda H, Maeno T, Takahashi S, Tamai K, Ozaki T, Iwamae M, Ohyama S, Imai Y, Nakamura H. Periostin increased by mechanical stress upregulates interleukin-6 expression in the ligamentum flavum. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22726. [PMID: 36583686 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200917rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ligamentum flavum (LF) hypertrophy is a major cause of lumbar spinal canal stenosis. Although mechanical stress is thought to be a major factor involved in LF hypertrophy, the exact mechanism by which it causes hypertrophy has not yet been fully elucidated. Here, changes in gene expression due to long-term mechanical stress were analyzed using RNA-seq in a rabbit LF hypertrophy model. In combination with previously reported analysis results, periostin was identified as a molecule whose expression fluctuates due to mechanical stress. The expression and function of periostin were further investigated using human LF tissues and primary LF cell cultures. Periostin was abundantly expressed in human hypertrophied LF tissues, and periostin gene expression was significantly correlated with LF thickness. In vitro, mechanical stress increased gene expressions of periostin, transforming growth factor-β1, α-smooth muscle actin, collagen type 1 alpha 1, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in LF cells. Periostin blockade suppressed the mechanical stress-induced gene expression of IL-6 while periostin treatment increased IL-6 gene expression. Our results suggest that periostin is upregulated by mechanical stress and promotes inflammation by upregulating IL-6 expression, which leads to LF degeneration and hypertrophy. Periostin may be a pivotal molecule for LF hypertrophy and a promising therapeutic target for lumbar spinal stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Yabu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akinobu Suzuki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazunori Hayashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka City Juso Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hori
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetomi Terai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kumi Orita
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hasibullah Habibi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hamidullah Salimi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kono
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ishikiri Seiki Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Toyoda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Maeno
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ishikiri Seiki Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinji Takahashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Tamai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomonori Ozaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ishikiri Seiki Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Iwamae
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Ohyama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nishinomiya Watanabe Hospital, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Yuuki Imai
- Division of Integrative Pathophysiology, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Wang L, Wang Y, Wang J, Xiao M, Xi XY, Chen BX, Su Y, Zhang Y, Xie B, Dong Z, Zhao S, Yang MF. Myocardial Activity at 18F-FAPI PET/CT and Risk for Sudden Cardiac Death in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Radiology 2023; 306:e221052. [PMID: 36219116 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.221052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Myocardial fibrosis contributes to adverse cardiovascular events in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Purpose To explore the characteristics of cardiac fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) PET/CT imaging and its relationship with the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in HCM. Materials and Methods In this prospective study from July 2021 to January 2022, participants with HCM and healthy control participants underwent cardiac fluorine 18 (18F)-labeled FAPI PET/CT imaging. Myocardial FAPI activity was quantified as intensity (target-to-background uptake ratio), extent (the percent of FAPI-avid myocardium of the left ventricle [LV]), and amount (the percent of FAPI-avid myocardium of LV × target-to-background ratio). Regional wall thickness was analyzed at cardiac MRI. The 5-year SCD risk score was calculated from the 2014 European Society of Cardiology guidelines. Univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses were used to identify factors related to the FAPI amount. The correlation between FAPI amount and 5-year SCD risk was explored. Results Fifty study participants with HCM (mean age, 43 years ± 13 [SD]; 32 men) and 22 healthy control participants (mean age, 45 years ± 17; 14 men) were included. All participants with HCM had intense and inhomogeneous cardiac FAPI activity in the LV myocardium that was higher than that in healthy control participants (median target-to-background ratio, 8.8 vs 2.1, respectively; P < .001). In HCM, more segments with FAPI activity were detected than the number of hypertrophic segments (median, 14 vs five, respectively; P < .001); 84% of nonhypertrophic segments showed FAPI activity. Log-transformed FAPI amount had a positive relationship with log-transformed N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide, high-sensitive troponin I, and left atrial diameter and a negative relationship with LV ejection fraction z-score. Degree of FAPI activity positively correlated with the 5-year SCD risk score (r = 0.32; P = .03). Conclusion Fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) PET/CT imaging indicated intense and heterogeneous activity in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and FAPI uptake was associated with 5-year risk of sudden cardiac death. © RSNA, 2022 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine (L.W., X.Y.X., B.X.C., Y.S., Y.Z., M.F.Y.) and Cardiac Center (B.X.), Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8th Gongtinanlu Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China; Intensive Care Unit, Emergency General Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.W.); and Emergency and Critical Care Center (J.W.), Department of Echocardiography (M.X.), and Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Z.D., S.Z.), State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yilu Wang
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine (L.W., X.Y.X., B.X.C., Y.S., Y.Z., M.F.Y.) and Cardiac Center (B.X.), Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8th Gongtinanlu Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China; Intensive Care Unit, Emergency General Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.W.); and Emergency and Critical Care Center (J.W.), Department of Echocardiography (M.X.), and Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Z.D., S.Z.), State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Wang
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine (L.W., X.Y.X., B.X.C., Y.S., Y.Z., M.F.Y.) and Cardiac Center (B.X.), Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8th Gongtinanlu Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China; Intensive Care Unit, Emergency General Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.W.); and Emergency and Critical Care Center (J.W.), Department of Echocardiography (M.X.), and Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Z.D., S.Z.), State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Minghu Xiao
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine (L.W., X.Y.X., B.X.C., Y.S., Y.Z., M.F.Y.) and Cardiac Center (B.X.), Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8th Gongtinanlu Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China; Intensive Care Unit, Emergency General Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.W.); and Emergency and Critical Care Center (J.W.), Department of Echocardiography (M.X.), and Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Z.D., S.Z.), State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Xi
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine (L.W., X.Y.X., B.X.C., Y.S., Y.Z., M.F.Y.) and Cardiac Center (B.X.), Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8th Gongtinanlu Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China; Intensive Care Unit, Emergency General Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.W.); and Emergency and Critical Care Center (J.W.), Department of Echocardiography (M.X.), and Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Z.D., S.Z.), State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bi-Xi Chen
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine (L.W., X.Y.X., B.X.C., Y.S., Y.Z., M.F.Y.) and Cardiac Center (B.X.), Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8th Gongtinanlu Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China; Intensive Care Unit, Emergency General Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.W.); and Emergency and Critical Care Center (J.W.), Department of Echocardiography (M.X.), and Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Z.D., S.Z.), State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Su
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine (L.W., X.Y.X., B.X.C., Y.S., Y.Z., M.F.Y.) and Cardiac Center (B.X.), Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8th Gongtinanlu Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China; Intensive Care Unit, Emergency General Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.W.); and Emergency and Critical Care Center (J.W.), Department of Echocardiography (M.X.), and Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Z.D., S.Z.), State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine (L.W., X.Y.X., B.X.C., Y.S., Y.Z., M.F.Y.) and Cardiac Center (B.X.), Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8th Gongtinanlu Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China; Intensive Care Unit, Emergency General Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.W.); and Emergency and Critical Care Center (J.W.), Department of Echocardiography (M.X.), and Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Z.D., S.Z.), State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Boqia Xie
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine (L.W., X.Y.X., B.X.C., Y.S., Y.Z., M.F.Y.) and Cardiac Center (B.X.), Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8th Gongtinanlu Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China; Intensive Care Unit, Emergency General Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.W.); and Emergency and Critical Care Center (J.W.), Department of Echocardiography (M.X.), and Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Z.D., S.Z.), State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixiang Dong
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine (L.W., X.Y.X., B.X.C., Y.S., Y.Z., M.F.Y.) and Cardiac Center (B.X.), Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8th Gongtinanlu Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China; Intensive Care Unit, Emergency General Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.W.); and Emergency and Critical Care Center (J.W.), Department of Echocardiography (M.X.), and Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Z.D., S.Z.), State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shihua Zhao
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine (L.W., X.Y.X., B.X.C., Y.S., Y.Z., M.F.Y.) and Cardiac Center (B.X.), Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8th Gongtinanlu Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China; Intensive Care Unit, Emergency General Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.W.); and Emergency and Critical Care Center (J.W.), Department of Echocardiography (M.X.), and Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Z.D., S.Z.), State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Min-Fu Yang
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine (L.W., X.Y.X., B.X.C., Y.S., Y.Z., M.F.Y.) and Cardiac Center (B.X.), Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8th Gongtinanlu Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China; Intensive Care Unit, Emergency General Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.W.); and Emergency and Critical Care Center (J.W.), Department of Echocardiography (M.X.), and Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Z.D., S.Z.), State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Álvarez-Vásquez JL, Castañeda-Alvarado CP. Dental pulp fibroblast: A star Cell. J Endod 2022; 48:1005-1019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Immunohistochemical analysis of vimentin expression in myocardial tissue from autopsy cases of ischemic heart disease. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2021; 54:102003. [PMID: 34915338 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2021.102003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vimentin is a type III intermediate filament cytoskeletal protein that is expressed mainly in cells of mesenchymal origin and is involved in a plethora of cellular functions. In this study, myocardial tissues from patients with ischemic heart disease and a mouse model of acute myocardial infarction were subjected to immunohistochemistry for vimentin. We first examined 26 neutral formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded myocardial tissue samples from autopsies of patients that were diagnosed with ischemic heart disease within 48 h postmortem. Myocardial cells were negative for vimentin, whereas non-myocardial cells, including vascular endothelium, vascular smooth muscle, fibroblasts, nerve fibers, adipocytes and mesothelial cells, showed positivity. Elevated vimentin expression was observed around myocardial cells undergoing remodeling, suggesting fibroblastic and endothelial proliferation in these locations. By contrast, myocardial foci that were completely fibrotic did not show upregulated vimentin expression. Inflammatory foci including macrophages and neutrophils were clearly visualized with vimentin immunostaining. The same vimentin expression phenomena as those found in human samples were observed in the mouse model. Our study indicates that immunostaining of vimentin as a marker for myocardial remodeling and the dynamics of all non-myocardial cell types may be useful for supplementing conventional staining techniques currently used in the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease.
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Chen BX, Xing HQ, Gong JN, Guo XJ, Xi XY, Yang YH, Huo L, Yang MF. Imaging of cardiac fibroblast activation in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 49:1211-1222. [PMID: 34651221 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05577-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to explore the association of cardiac fibroblast activation with clinical parameters and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging parameters in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). METHODS Thirteen CTEPH patients were prospectively enrolled. All of the patients underwent cardiac 68Gallium-labelled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (68 Ga-FAPI-04)-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), right heart catheterisation, and echocardiography, and 11 of them additionally underwent CMR. Thirteen control subjects were selected to establish the normal range of cardiac 68 Ga-FAPI-04 uptake. Cardiac 68 Ga-FAPI-04 uptake higher than that in the blood pool was defined as abnormal. The global and segmental maximum standardised uptake values (SUVmax) of the right ventricle (RV) were measured and further expressed as target-to-background ratio (TBRRV) with left ventricular lateral wall activity as background. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) was visually evaluated, and native-T1 times, enhanced-T1 times, and extracellular volume (ECV) were quantitatively measured. RESULTS Ten CTEPH patients (77%) had abnormal 68 Ga-FAPI-04 uptake in RV, mainly located in the free wall, which was significantly higher than that in controls (TBRRV: 2.4 ± 0.9 vs 1.0 ± 0.1, P < 0.001). The TBRRV correlated positively with the thickness of RV wall (r = 0.815, P = 0.001) and inversely with RV fraction area change (RVFAC) (r = - 0.804, P = 0.001) and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) (r = - 0.678, P = 0.011). No correlation was found between 68 Ga-FAPI-04 activity and CMR imaging parameters. CONCLUSION Fibroblast activation in CTEPH, measured by 68 Ga-FAPI-04 imaging, is mainly localised in the RV free wall. Enhanced fibroblast activation reflects the thickening of the RV wall and decreased RV contractile function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Xi Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8th Gongtinanlu Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Hai-Qun Xing
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Juan-Ni Gong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8th Gongtinanlu Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.,Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Guo
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Xi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8th Gongtinanlu Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yuan-Hua Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8th Gongtinanlu Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.,Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Li Huo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Min-Fu Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8th Gongtinanlu Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
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Umbarkar P, Ejantkar S, Tousif S, Lal H. Mechanisms of Fibroblast Activation and Myocardial Fibrosis: Lessons Learned from FB-Specific Conditional Mouse Models. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092412. [PMID: 34572061 PMCID: PMC8471002 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality across the world. Cardiac fibrosis is associated with HF progression. Fibrosis is characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components. This is a physiological response to tissue injury. However, uncontrolled fibrosis leads to adverse cardiac remodeling and contributes significantly to cardiac dysfunction. Fibroblasts (FBs) are the primary drivers of myocardial fibrosis. However, until recently, FBs were thought to play a secondary role in cardiac pathophysiology. This review article will present the evolving story of fibroblast biology and fibrosis in cardiac diseases, emphasizing their recent shift from a supporting to a leading role in our understanding of the pathogenesis of cardiac diseases. Indeed, this story only became possible because of the emergence of FB-specific mouse models. This study includes an update on the advancements in the generation of FB-specific mouse models. Regarding the underlying mechanisms of myocardial fibrosis, we will focus on the pathways that have been validated using FB-specific, in vivo mouse models. These pathways include the TGF-β/SMAD3, p38 MAPK, Wnt/β-Catenin, G-protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK), and Hippo signaling. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying fibroblast activation and fibrosis may provide a novel therapeutic target for the management of adverse fibrotic remodeling in the diseased heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Umbarkar
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- Correspondence: (P.U.); (H.L.); Tel.: +1-205-996-4248 (P.U.); +1-205-996-4219 (H.L.); Fax: +1-205-975-5104 (H.L.)
| | - Suma Ejantkar
- School of Health Professions, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Sultan Tousif
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Hind Lal
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- Correspondence: (P.U.); (H.L.); Tel.: +1-205-996-4248 (P.U.); +1-205-996-4219 (H.L.); Fax: +1-205-975-5104 (H.L.)
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Parreau S, Vedrenne N, Regent A, Richard L, Sindou P, Mouthon L, Fauchais AL, Jauberteau MO, Ly KH. An immunohistochemical analysis of fibroblasts in giant cell arteritis. Ann Diagn Pathol 2021; 52:151728. [PMID: 33798926 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2021.151728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a systemic vasculitis of large and medium vessels characterized by an inflammatory arterial infiltrate. GCA begins in the adventitia and leads to vascular remodeling by promoting proliferation of myofibroblasts in the intima. The morphology of the fibroblasts in the adventitia in GCA is unclear. Access to temporal artery biopsies allows morphological studies and evaluation of the microenvironment of the arterial wall. We evaluated the distribution of vascular fibroblasts and of markers of their activation in GCA. METHODS Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 29 patients with GCA and 36 controls were examined. Immunohistochemistry was performed for CD90, vimentin, desmin, alpha-smooth muscle actin (ASMA), prolyl-4-hydroxylase (P4H), and myosin to evaluate the distribution of fibroblasts within the intima, media, and adventitia. RESULTS Temporal arteries from patients with GCA showed increased levels of CD90, vimentin, and ASMA in the adventitia and intima compared to the controls. Desmin was expressed only in the media in both groups. P4H was expressed similarly in the adventitia and intima in the two groups. Adventitial and intimal CD90+ cells co-expressed P4H, ASMA, and myosin at a high level in GCA. CONCLUSION The results suggest a role for adventitial fibroblasts in GCA. Inhibiting the differentiation of adventitial fibroblasts to myofibroblasts has therapeutic potential for GCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Parreau
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dupuytren Hospital, Limoges, France; EA3842-CaPTuR, Contrôle de l'Activation Cellulaire, Progression Tumorale et Résistance thérapeutique, Faculty of Medicine, Limoges, France.
| | - Nicolas Vedrenne
- EA3842-CaPTuR, Contrôle de l'Activation Cellulaire, Progression Tumorale et Résistance thérapeutique, Faculty of Medicine, Limoges, France
| | - Alexis Regent
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Philippe Sindou
- EA3842-CaPTuR, Contrôle de l'Activation Cellulaire, Progression Tumorale et Résistance thérapeutique, Faculty of Medicine, Limoges, France
| | - Luc Mouthon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Laure Fauchais
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dupuytren Hospital, Limoges, France; EA3842-CaPTuR, Contrôle de l'Activation Cellulaire, Progression Tumorale et Résistance thérapeutique, Faculty of Medicine, Limoges, France
| | - Marie-Odile Jauberteau
- EA3842-CaPTuR, Contrôle de l'Activation Cellulaire, Progression Tumorale et Résistance thérapeutique, Faculty of Medicine, Limoges, France
| | - Kim-Heang Ly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dupuytren Hospital, Limoges, France; EA3842-CaPTuR, Contrôle de l'Activation Cellulaire, Progression Tumorale et Résistance thérapeutique, Faculty of Medicine, Limoges, France
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Zhang L, Yan H, Tai Y, Xue Y, Wei Y, Wang K, Zhao Q, Wang S, Kong D, Midgley AC. Design and Evaluation of a Polypeptide that Mimics the Integrin Binding Site for EDA Fibronectin to Block Profibrotic Cell Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041575. [PMID: 33557232 PMCID: PMC7913925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is characterized by excessive production of disorganized collagen- and fibronectin-rich extracellular matrices (ECMs) and is driven by the persistence of myofibroblasts within tissues. A key protein contributing to myofibroblast differentiation is extra domain A fibronectin (EDA-FN). We sought to target and interfere with interactions between EDA-FN and its integrin receptors to effectively inhibit profibrotic activity and myofibroblast formation. Molecular docking was used to assist in the design of a blocking polypeptide (antifibrotic 38-amino-acid polypeptide, AF38Pep) for specific inhibition of EDA-FN associations with the fibroblast-expressed integrins α4β1 and α4β7. Blocking peptides were designed and evaluated in silico before synthesis, confirmation of binding specificity, and evaluation in vitro. We identified the high-affinity EDA-FN C-C′ loop binding cleft within integrins α4β1 and α4β7. The polypeptide with the highest predicted binding affinity, AF38Pep, was synthesized and could achieve specific binding to myofibroblast fibronectin-rich ECM and EDA-FN C-C′ loop peptides. AF38Pep demonstrated potent myofibroblast inhibitory activity at 10 µg/mL and was not cytotoxic. Treatment with AF38Pep prevented integrin α4β1-mediated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation and early signaling through extracellular-signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), attenuated the expression of pro-matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and pro-MMP2, and inhibited collagen synthesis and deposition. Immunocytochemistry staining revealed an inhibition of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) incorporation into actin stress fibers and attenuated cell contraction. Increases in the expression of mRNA associated with fibrosis and downstream from integrin signaling were inhibited by treatment with AF38Pep. Our study suggested that AF38Pep could successfully interfere with EDA-FN C-C′ loop-specific integrin interactions and could act as an effective inhibitor of fibroblast of myofibroblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (K.W.); (Q.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Hongyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (K.W.); (Q.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Yifan Tai
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (K.W.); (Q.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Yueming Xue
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (K.W.); (Q.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Yongzhen Wei
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (K.W.); (Q.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (K.W.); (Q.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (K.W.); (Q.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Shufang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (K.W.); (Q.Z.); (D.K.)
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (A.C.M.); Tel.: +86-1562-004-7851 (A.C.M.)
| | - Deling Kong
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (K.W.); (Q.Z.); (D.K.)
- Rongxiang Xu Center for Regenerative Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Adam C. Midgley
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (L.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.T.); (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (K.W.); (Q.Z.); (D.K.)
- Rongxiang Xu Center for Regenerative Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (A.C.M.); Tel.: +86-1562-004-7851 (A.C.M.)
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Sánchez-González JM, De-Hita-Cantalejo C, Baustita-Llamas MJ, Sánchez-González MC, Capote-Puente R. The Combined Effect of Low-dose Atropine with Orthokeratology in Pediatric Myopia Control: Review of the Current Treatment Status for Myopia. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2371. [PMID: 32722266 PMCID: PMC7465046 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric myopia has become a major international public health concern. The prevalence of myopia has undergone a significant increase worldwide. The purpose of this review of the current literature was to evaluate the peer-reviewed scientific literature on the efficacy and safety of low-dose atropine treatment combined with overnight orthokeratology for myopia control. A search was conducted in Pubmed and Web of Science with the following search strategy: (atropine OR low-dose atropine OR 0.01% atropine) AND (orthokeratology OR ortho-k) AND (myopia control OR myopia progression). All included studies improved myopia control by the synergistic effect of orthokeratology with low-dose atropine, compared with orthokeratology treatment alone. All studies included a short or medium follow-up period; therefore longer-term studies are necessary to validate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-María Sánchez-González
- Department of Physics of Condensed Matter, Optics Area, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (C.D.-H.-C.); (M.-J.B.-L.); (M.C.S.-G.); (R.C.-P.)
- Department of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Tecnolaser Clinic Vision, 41018 Seville, Spain
| | - Concepción De-Hita-Cantalejo
- Department of Physics of Condensed Matter, Optics Area, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (C.D.-H.-C.); (M.-J.B.-L.); (M.C.S.-G.); (R.C.-P.)
| | - María-José Baustita-Llamas
- Department of Physics of Condensed Matter, Optics Area, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (C.D.-H.-C.); (M.-J.B.-L.); (M.C.S.-G.); (R.C.-P.)
| | - María Carmen Sánchez-González
- Department of Physics of Condensed Matter, Optics Area, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (C.D.-H.-C.); (M.-J.B.-L.); (M.C.S.-G.); (R.C.-P.)
| | - Raúl Capote-Puente
- Department of Physics of Condensed Matter, Optics Area, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (C.D.-H.-C.); (M.-J.B.-L.); (M.C.S.-G.); (R.C.-P.)
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Pugazhendhi S, Ambati B, Hunter AA. Pathogenesis and Prevention of Worsening Axial Elongation in Pathological Myopia. Clin Ophthalmol 2020; 14:853-873. [PMID: 32256044 PMCID: PMC7092688 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s241435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This review discusses the etiology and pathogenesis of myopia, prevention of disease progression and worsening axial elongation, and emerging myopia treatment modalities. INTRODUCTION Pediatric myopia is a public health concern that impacts young children worldwide and is associated with numerous future ocular diseases such as cataract, glaucoma, retinal detachment and other chorioretinal abnormalities. While the exact mechanism of myopia of the human eye remains obscure, several studies have reported on the role of environmental and genetic factors in the disease development. METHODS A review of literature was conducted. PubMed and Medline were searched for combinations and derivatives of the keywords including, but not limited to, "pediatric myopia", "axial elongation", "scleral remodeling" or "atropine." The PubMed and Medline database search were performed for randomized control trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses using the same keyword combinations. RESULTS Studies have reported that detection of genetic correlations and modification of environmental influences may have a significant impact in myopia progression, axial elongation and future myopic ocular complications. The conventional pharmacotherapy of pediatric myopia addresses the improvement in visual acuity and prevention of amblyopia but does not affect axial elongation or myopia progression. Several studies have published varying treatments, including optical, pharmacological and surgical management, which show great promise for a more precise control of myopia and preservation of ocular health. DISCUSSION Understanding the role of factors influencing the onset and progression of pediatric myopia will facilitate the development of successful treatments, reduction of disease burden, arrest of progression and improvement in future of the management of myopia.
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16
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Zerdoum AB, Fowler EW, Jia X. Induction of Fibrogenic Phenotype in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Connective Tissue Growth Factor in a Hydrogel Model of Soft Connective Tissue. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:4531-4541. [PMID: 33178886 PMCID: PMC7654958 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Scar formation is the typical endpoint of wound healing in adult mammalian tissues. An overactive or prolonged fibrogenic response following injury leads to excessive deposition of fibrotic proteins that promote tissue contraction and scar formation. Although well-defined in the dermal tissue, the progression of fibrosis is less explored in other connective tissues, such as the vocal fold. To establish a physiologically relevant 3D model of loose connective tissue fibrosis, we have developed a synthetic extracellular matrix using hyaluronic acid (HA) and peptidic building blocks carrying complementary functional groups. The resultant network was cell adhesive and protease degradable, exhibiting viscoelastic properties similar to the human vocal fold. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were encapsulated in the HA matrix as single cells or multicellular aggregates and cultured in pro-fibrotic media containing connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) for up to 21 days. hMSCs treated with CTGF-supplemented media exhibited an increased expression of fibrogenic markers and ECM proteins associated with scarring. Incorporation of α-smooth muscle actin into F-actin stress fibers was also observed. Furthermore, CTGF treatment increased the migratory capacity of hMSCs as compared to the CTGF-free control groups, indicative of the development of a myofibroblast phenotype. Addition of an inhibitor of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway attenuated cellular expression of fibrotic markers and related ECM proteins. Overall, this study demonstrates that CTGF promotes the development of a fibrogenic phenotype in hMSCs encapsulated within an HA matrix and that the MAPK pathway is a potential target for future therapeutic endeavors towards limiting scar formation in loose connective tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan B. Zerdoum
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Eric W. Fowler
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Xinqiao Jia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
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Park GT, Kwon YW, Lee TW, Kwon SG, Ko HC, Kim MB, Kim JH. Formyl Peptide Receptor 2 Activation Ameliorates Dermal Fibrosis and Inflammation in Bleomycin-Induced Scleroderma. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2095. [PMID: 31552041 PMCID: PMC6733889 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis is a profibrotic autoimmune disease mediated by the dysregulation of extracellular matrix synthesis. Formyl peptide receptor 2 (Fpr2) is a G protein-coupled receptor that modulates inflammation and host defense by regulating the activation of inflammatory cells, such as macrophages. However, the role of Fpr2 in the development and therapy of scleroderma is still unclear. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of Fpr2 activation in the treatment of scleroderma fibrosis. We found that intradermal administration of WKYMVm, an Fpr2-specific agonist, alleviated bleomycin-induced scleroderma fibrosis in mice and decreased dermal thickness in scleroderma skin. WKYMVm-treated scleroderma skin tissues displayed reduced numbers of myofibroblasts expressing α-smooth muscle actin, Vimentin, and phosphorylated SMAD3. WKYMVm treatment attenuated macrophage infiltration in scleroderma skin and reduced the number of M2 macrophages. The therapeutic effects of WKYMVm in scleroderma-associated fibrosis and inflammation were completely abrogated in Fpr2 knockout mice. Moreover, WKYMVm treatment reduced the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ, in the scleroderma model of wild-type mice but not in Fpr2 knockout mice. These results suggest that WKYMVm-induced activation of Fpr2 leads to alleviation of fibrosis by stimulating immune resolution in systemic sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu Tae Park
- Department of Physiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan-si, South Korea
| | - Yang Woo Kwon
- Department of Physiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan-si, South Korea
| | - Tae Wook Lee
- Department of Physiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan-si, South Korea
| | - Seong Gyu Kwon
- Department of Physiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan-si, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Chang Ko
- Department of Dermatology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan-si, South Korea
| | - Moon Bum Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan-si, South Korea
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Physiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan-si, South Korea.,Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan-si, South Korea
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18
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Sundarakrishnan A, Zukas H, Coburn J, Bertini BT, Liu Z, Georgakoudi I, Baugh L, Dasgupta Q, Black LD, Kaplan DL. Bioengineered in Vitro Tissue Model of Fibroblast Activation for Modeling Pulmonary Fibrosis. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:2417-2429. [PMID: 33405750 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a complex disease of unknown etiology with no current curative treatment. Modeling pulmonary fibrotic (PF) tissue has the potential to improve our understanding of IPF disease progression and treatment. Rodent animal models do not replicate human fibroblastic foci (Hum-FF) pathology, and current iterations of in vitro model systems (e.g., collagen hydrogels, polyacrylamide hydrogels, and fibrosis-on-chip systems) are unable to replicate the three-dimensional (3D) complexity and biochemical composition of human PF tissue. Herein, we fabricated a 3D bioengineered pulmonary fibrotic (Eng-PF) tissue utilizing cell laden silk collagen type I dityrosine cross-linked hydrogels and Flexcell bioreactors. We show that silk collagen type I hydrogels have superior stability and mechanical tunability compared to other hydrogel systems. Using customized Flexcell bioreactors, we reproduced Hum-FF-like pathology with airway epithelial and microvascular endothelial cells. Eng-PF tissues can model myofibroblast differentiation and permit evaluation of antifibrotic drug treatments. Further, Eng-PF tissues could be used to model different facets of IPF disease, including epithelial injury with the addition of bleomycin and cellular recruitment by perfusion of cells through the hydrogel microchannel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Sundarakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Heather Zukas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Jeannine Coburn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 60 Prescott Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Brian T Bertini
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Zhiyi Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States.,Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Irene Georgakoudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Lauren Baugh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Queeny Dasgupta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Lauren D Black
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States.,Department of Cell, Molecular & Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, United States
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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Liu T, Zhou L, Li D, Andl T, Zhang Y. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Build and Secure the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:60. [PMID: 31106200 PMCID: PMC6492564 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells reside in a highly complex and heterogeneous tumor microenvironment (TME), which is composed of a myriad of genetically stable non-cancer cells, including fibroblasts, immune cells, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells, and a tumor-specific extracellular matrix (ECM). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), as an abundant and active stromal cell population in the TME, function as the signaling center and remodeling machine to aid the creation of a desmoplastic tumor niche. Although there is no denial that the TME and CAFs may have anti-tumor effects as well, a great deal of findings reported in recent years have convincingly revealed the tumor-promoting effects of CAFs and CAF-derived ECM proteins, enzymes, chemical factors and other downstream effectors. While there is growing enthusiasm for the development of CAF-targeting therapies, a better understanding of the complexities of CAF-ECM and CAF-cancer cell interactions is necessary before novel therapeutic strategies targeting the malignant tumor “soil” can be successfully implemented in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Liu
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Linli Zhou
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Danni Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, China
| | - Thomas Andl
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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20
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Abstract
Worldwide, myopia is the leading cause of visual impairment. It results from inappropriate extension of the ocular axis and concomitant declines in scleral strength and thickness caused by extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. However, the identities of the initiators and signaling pathways that induce scleral ECM remodeling in myopia are unknown. Here, we used single-cell RNA-sequencing to identify pathways activated in the sclera during myopia development. We found that the hypoxia-signaling, the eIF2-signaling, and mTOR-signaling pathways were activated in murine myopic sclera. Consistent with the role of hypoxic pathways in mouse model of myopia, nearly one third of human myopia risk genes from the genome-wide association study and linkage analyses interact with genes in the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)-signaling pathway. Furthermore, experimental myopia selectively induced HIF-1α up-regulation in the myopic sclera of both mice and guinea pigs. Additionally, hypoxia exposure (5% O2) promoted myofibroblast transdifferentiation with down-regulation of type I collagen in human scleral fibroblasts. Importantly, the antihypoxia drugs salidroside and formononetin down-regulated HIF-1α expression as well as the phosphorylation levels of eIF2α and mTOR, slowing experimental myopia progression without affecting normal ocular growth in guinea pigs. Furthermore, eIF2α phosphorylation inhibition suppressed experimental myopia, whereas mTOR phosphorylation induced myopia in normal mice. Collectively, these findings defined an essential role of hypoxia in scleral ECM remodeling and myopia development, suggesting a therapeutic approach to control myopia by ameliorating hypoxia.
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21
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Guo Y, Gupte M, Umbarkar P, Singh AP, Sui JY, Force T, Lal H. Entanglement of GSK-3β, β-catenin and TGF-β1 signaling network to regulate myocardial fibrosis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 110:109-120. [PMID: 28756206 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nearly every form of the heart disease is associated with myocardial fibrosis, which is characterized by the accumulation of activated cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and excess deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Although, CFs are the primary mediators of myocardial fibrosis in a diseased heart, in the traditional view, activated CFs (myofibroblasts) and resulting fibrosis were simply considered the secondary consequence of the disease, not the cause. Recent studies from our lab and others have challenged this concept by demonstrating that fibroblast activation and fibrosis are not simply the secondary consequence of a diseased heart, but are crucial for mediating various myocardial disease processes. In regards to the mechanism, the vast majority of literature is focused on the direct role of canonical SMAD-2/3-mediated TGF-β signaling to govern the fibrogenic process. Herein, we will discuss the emerging role of the GSK-3β, β-catenin and TGF-β1-SMAD-3 signaling network as a critical regulator of myocardial fibrosis in the diseased heart. The underlying molecular interactions and cross-talk among signaling pathways will be discussed. We will primarily focus on recent in vivo reports demonstrating that CF-specific genetic manipulation can lead to aberrant myocardial fibrosis and sturdy cardiac phenotype. This will allow for a better understanding of the driving role of CFs in the myocardial disease process. We will also review the specificity and limitations of the currently available genetic tools used to study myocardial fibrosis and its associated mechanisms. A better understanding of the GSK-3β, β-catenin and SMAD-3 signaling network may provide a novel therapeutic target for the management of myocardial fibrosis in the diseased heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Guo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, PRB, Suite#348, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Manisha Gupte
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, PRB, Suite#348, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Prachi Umbarkar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, PRB, Suite#348, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Anand Prakash Singh
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, PRB, Suite#348, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Jennifer Y Sui
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, PRB, Suite#348, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Thomas Force
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, PRB, Suite#348, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Hind Lal
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, PRB, Suite#348, Nashville, TN 37232, United States.
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22
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Kofron CM, Kim TY, King ME, Xie A, Feng F, Park E, Qu Z, Choi BR, Mende U. G q-activated fibroblasts induce cardiomyocyte action potential prolongation and automaticity in a three-dimensional microtissue environment. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H810-H827. [PMID: 28710068 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00181.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are known to regulate cardiomyocyte (CM) function in vivo and in two-dimensional in vitro cultures. This study examined the effect of CF activation on the regulation of CM electrical activity in a three-dimensional (3-D) microtissue environment. Using a scaffold-free 3-D platform with interspersed neonatal rat ventricular CMs and CFs, Gq-mediated signaling was selectively enhanced in CFs by Gαq adenoviral infection before coseeding with CMs in nonadhesive hydrogels. After 3 days, the microtissues were analyzed by signaling assay, histological staining, quantitative PCR, Western blots, optical mapping with voltage- or Ca2+-sensitive dyes, and microelectrode recordings of CF resting membrane potential (RMPCF). Enhanced Gq signaling in CFs increased microtissue size and profibrotic and prohypertrophic markers. Expression of constitutively active Gαq in CFs prolonged CM action potential duration (by 33%) and rise time (by 31%), prolonged Ca2+ transient duration (by 98%) and rise time (by 65%), and caused abnormal electrical activity based on depolarization-induced automaticity. Constitutive Gq activation in CFs also depolarized RMPCF from -33 to -20 mV and increased connexin 43 and connexin 45 expression. Computational modeling confers that elevated RMPCF and increased cell-cell coupling between CMs and CFs in a 3-D environment could lead to automaticity. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that CF activation alone is capable of altering action potential and Ca2+ transient characteristics of CMs, leading to proarrhythmic electrical activity. Our results also emphasize the importance of a 3-D environment where cell-cell interactions are prevalent, underscoring that CF activation in 3-D tissue plays a significant role in modulating CM electrophysiology and arrhythmias.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In a three-dimensional microtissue model, which lowers baseline activation of cardiac fibroblasts but enables cell-cell, paracrine, and cell-extracellular matrix interactions, we demonstrate that selective cardiac fibroblast activation by enhanced Gq signaling, a pathophysiological trigger in the diseased heart, modulates cardiomyocyte electrical activity, leading to proarrhythmogenic automaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Kofron
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; and
| | - T Y Kim
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; and
| | - M E King
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; and
| | - A Xie
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; and
| | - F Feng
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; and
| | - E Park
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; and
| | - Z Qu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - B-R Choi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; and
| | - U Mende
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; and
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23
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Characterization of Dental Pulp Myofibroblasts in Rat Molars after Pulpotomy. J Endod 2017; 43:1116-1121. [PMID: 28527846 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myofibroblasts express alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and play a critical role in wound healing. Myofibroblast differentiation is controlled by the joint actions of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and the extradomain A fibronectin splice variant (EDA-FN). Currently, the contribution of myofibroblasts to dental pulp healing is unknown. Therefore, we analyzed expressional characteristics of α-SMA-positive cells and investigated TGF-β1, EDA-FN, and α-SMA expression levels after pulpotomy to better understand dental pulp healing. METHODS The maxillary first molars of 8-week-old Wistar rats were pulpotomized with mineral trioxide aggregate. After 1 to 14 days, localization and colocalization of α-SMA, rat endothelial cell antigen-1 (as a marker of endothelial cells), neuron-glial antigen 2 (as a marker of perivascular cells), prolyl-4-hydroxylase (P4H, as an additional marker of myofibroblasts), and EDA-FN were analyzed using immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence. Time-course changes in the messenger RNA expression levels of TGF-β1, EDA-FN, and α-SMA were evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. RESULTS Spindle-shaped α-SMA-positive cells transiently appeared after pulpotomy. These cells initially emerged in the pulp core on day 3 and then accumulated at the wound site by day 5. These cells were isolated from rat endothelial cell antigen-1 positive cells and did not express neuron-glial antigen 2 but did express P4H. The messenger RNA levels of TGF-β1, EDA-FN, and α-SMA were significantly up-regulated after pulpotomy. EDA-FN and α-SMA were colocalized at the wound sites on day 5. CONCLUSIONS In association with up-regulation of TGF-β1 and EDA-FN expression, α-SMA and P4H double-positive cells accumulated at the wound sites after pulpotomy. This suggests that myofibroblasts participate in dental pulp healing.
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Tillmanns J, Fraccarollo D, Galuppo P, Wollert KC, Bauersachs J. Changes in concentrations of circulating fibroblast activation protein alpha are associated with myocardial damage in patients with acute ST-elevation MI. Int J Cardiol 2017; 232:155-159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Humeres C, Vivar R, Boza P, Muñoz C, Bolivar S, Anfossi R, Osorio JM, Olivares-Silva F, García L, Díaz-Araya G. Cardiac fibroblast cytokine profiles induced by proinflammatory or profibrotic stimuli promote monocyte recruitment and modulate macrophage M1/M2 balance in vitro. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 101:S0022-2828(16)30392-3. [PMID: 27983968 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage polarization plays an essential role in cardiac remodeling after injury, evolving from an initial accumulation of proinflammatory M1 macrophages to a greater balance of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. Whether cardiac fibroblasts themselves influence this process remains an intriguing question. In this work, we present evidence for a role of cardiac fibroblasts (CF) as regulators of macrophage recruitment and skewing. Adult rat CF, were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or TGF-β1, to evaluate ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression using Western blot and proinflammatory/profibrotic cytokine secretion using LUMINEX. We performed in vitro migration and adhesion assays of rat spleen monocytes to layers of TGF-β1- or LPS-pretreated CF. Finally, TGF-β1- or LPS-pretreated CF were co-cultured with monocyte, to evaluate their effects on macrophage polarization, using flow cytometry and cytokine secretion. There was a significant increase in monocyte adhesion to LPS- or TGF-β1-stimulated CF, associated with increased CF expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. siRNA silencing of either ICAM-1 or VCAM-1 inhibited monocyte adhesion to LPS-pretreated CF; however, monocyte adhesion to TGF-β1-treated CF was dependent on only VCAM-1 expression. Pretreatment of CF with LPS or TGF-β1 increased monocyte migration to CF, and this effect was completely abolished with an MCP-1 antibody blockade. LPS-treated CF secreted elevated levels of TNF-α and MCP-1, and when co-cultured with monocyte, LPS-treated CF stimulated increased macrophage M1 polarization and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-12 and MCP-1). On the other hand, CF stimulated with TGF-β1 produced an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile (high IL-10 and IL-5, low TNF-α). When co-cultured with monocytes, the TGF-β1 stimulated fibroblasts skewed monocyte differentiation towards M2 macrophages accompanied by increased IL-10 and decreased IL-12 levels. Taken together, our results show for the first time that CF can recruit monocytes (via MCP-1-mediated chemotaxis and adhesion to ICAM-1/VCAM-1) and induce their differentiation to M1 or M2 macrophages (through the CF cytokine profile induced by proinflammatory or profibrotic stimuli).
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Humeres
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile,Chile
| | - Raúl Vivar
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile,Chile; Centro Avanzado de Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDis), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile,Chile
| | - Pia Boza
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile,Chile
| | - Claudia Muñoz
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile,Chile
| | - Samir Bolivar
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile,Chile
| | - Renatto Anfossi
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile,Chile
| | - Jose Miguel Osorio
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile,Chile
| | - Francisco Olivares-Silva
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile,Chile
| | - Lorena García
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile,Chile; Centro Avanzado de Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDis), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile,Chile
| | - Guillermo Díaz-Araya
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile,Chile; Centro Avanzado de Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDis), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile,Chile.
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26
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Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis remains an important health concern, but the study of fibroblast biology has been hindered by a lack of effective means for identifying and tracking fibroblasts. Recent advances in fibroblast-specific lineage tags and reporters have permitted a better understanding of these cells. After injury, multiple cell types have been implicated as the source for extracellular matrix-producing cells, but emerging studies suggest that resident cardiac fibroblasts contribute substantially to the remodeling process. In this review, we discuss recent findings regarding cardiac fibroblast origin and identity. Our understanding of cardiac fibroblast biology and fibrosis is still developing and will expand profoundly in the next few years, with many of the recent findings regarding fibroblast gene expression and behavior laying down the groundwork for interpreting the purpose and utility of these cells before and after injury. (Circ J 2016; 80: 2269-2276).
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Affiliation(s)
- Malina J Ivey
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Hawaii
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