1
|
Mickus R, Raškevičius V, Sarapinienė I, Mikalayeva V, Prekeris R, Skeberdis VA. Phosphorylation-dependent allosteric regulation of Cx43 gap junction inhibitor potency. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116550. [PMID: 38593702 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Physiological and pathological processes such as homeostasis, embryogenesis, development, tumorigenesis, and cell movement depend on the intercellular communication through gap junctions (GJIC). Connexin (Cx)-based GJ channels are formed of two apposing hemichannels in the contiguous cells and provide a direct pathway for electrical and metabolic intercellular communication. The main modulators of GJ conductance are transjunctional voltage, intracellular pH, Ca2+, Mg2+, and phosphorylation. Chemical modulators of GJIC are being used in cases of various intercellular communication-dependent diseases. In this study, we used molecular docking, dual whole-cell patch-clamp, and Western blotting to investigate the impact of connexin phosphorylation on GJ chemical gating by α-pinene and other GJ inhibitors (octanol, carbenoxolone, mefloquine, intracellular pH, glycyrrhetinic acid, and sevoflurane) in HeLa cells expressing exogenous Cx43 (full length and truncated at amino acid 258) and other connexins typical of heart and/or nervous system (Cx36, Cx40, Cx45, and Cx47), and in cells expressing endogenous Cx43 (Novikoff and U-87). We found that Ca2+-regulated kinases, such as Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II, atypical protein kinase C, cyclin-dependent kinase, and Pyk2 kinase may allosterically modulate the potency of α-pinene through phosphorylation of Cx43 C-terminus. The identified new phenomenon was Cx isoform-, inhibitor-, and cell type-dependent. Overall, these results suggest that compounds, the potency of which depends on receptor phosphorylation, might be of particular interest in developing targeted therapies for diseases accompanied by high kinase activity, such as cardiac arrhythmias, epilepsy, stroke, essential tremor, inflammation, and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rokas Mickus
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas LT-50162, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Raškevičius
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas LT-50162, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Sarapinienė
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas LT-50162, Lithuania
| | - Valeryia Mikalayeva
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas LT-50162, Lithuania
| | - Rytis Prekeris
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80015, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zheng L, Shi W, Liu B, Duan B, Sorgen P. Evaluation of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Loaded Injectable Hydrogels for Improving Connexin43 Gap Junction Intercellular Communication. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:1985-1998. [PMID: 38175743 PMCID: PMC11061860 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of death in the developed world, and the loss of cardiomyocytes plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Implicated in this process is a decrease in gap junction intercellular communication due to remodeling of Connexin43 (Cx43). We previously identified that intraperitoneal injection of the Pyk2 inhibitor PF4618433 reduced infarct size, maintained Cx43 at the intercalated disc in left ventricle hypertrophic myocytes, and improved cardiac function in an MI animal model of heart failure. With the emergence of injectable hydrogels as a therapeutic toward the regeneration of cardiac tissue after MI, here, we provide proof of concept that the release of tyrosine kinase inhibitors from hydrogels could have beneficial effects on cardiomyocytes. We developed an injectable hydrogel consisting of thiolated hyaluronic acid and P123-maleimide micelles that can incorporate PF4618433 as well as the Src inhibitor Saracatinib and achieved sustained release (of note, Src activates Pyk2). Using neonatal rat ventricular myocytes in the presence of a phorbol ester, endothelin-1, or phenylephrine to stimulate cardiac hypertrophy, the release of PF4618433 from the hydrogel had the same ability to decrease Cx43 tyrosine phosphorylation and maintain Cx43 localization at the plasma membrane as when directly added to the growth media. Additional beneficial effects included decreases in apoptosis, the hypertrophic marker atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and serine kinases upregulated in hypertrophy. Finally, the presence of both PF4618433 and Saracatinib further decreased the level of ANP and apoptosis than each inhibitor alone, suggesting that a combinatorial approach may be most beneficial. These findings provide the groundwork to test if tyrosine kinase inhibitor release from hydrogels will have a beneficial effect in an animal model of MI-induced heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Wen Shi
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Bo Liu
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Bin Duan
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Paul Sorgen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sayedyahossein S, Thines L, Sacks DB. Ca 2+ signaling and the Hippo pathway: Intersections in cellular regulation. Cell Signal 2023; 110:110846. [PMID: 37549859 PMCID: PMC10529277 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway is a master regulator of organ size and tissue homeostasis. Hippo integrates a broad range of cellular signals to regulate numerous processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and mechanosensation. Ca2+ is a fundamental second messenger that modulates signaling cascades involved in diverse cellular functions, some of which are also regulated by the Hippo pathway. Studies published over the last five years indicate that Ca2+ can influence core Hippo pathway components. Nevertheless, comprehensive understanding of the crosstalk between Ca2+ signaling and the Hippo pathway, and possible mechanisms through which Ca2+ regulates Hippo, remain to be elucidated. In this review, we summarize the multiple intersections between Ca2+ and the Hippo pathway and address the biological consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samar Sayedyahossein
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Louise Thines
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David B Sacks
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zheng L, Spagnol G, Gandhi DR, Sharma K, Kumar V, Patel KP, Sorgen PL. Inhibition of Pyk2 Improves Cx43 Intercalated Disc Localization, Infarct Size, and Cardiac Function in Rats With Heart Failure. Circ Heart Fail 2023; 16:e010294. [PMID: 37465947 PMCID: PMC10524803 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.122.010294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure causes changes in Cx43 (Connexin43) regulation that are associated with arrhythmic heart disease. Pyk2 (proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2) is activated in cardiomyopathies and phosphorylates Cx43 to decrease intercellular communication. This study was designed to determine if Pyk2 inhibition improves cardiac function in a myocardial infarction (MI)-induced heart failure model in rats. METHODS MI (ligation of left anterior descending artery) rats were treated with the Pyk2 inhibitor PF4618433. Hemodynamic and structural parameters were monitored in Sham (n=5), MI-vehicle (n=5), and MI-PF4618433 (n=8) groups. Heart tissues were collected after 6 weeks to assess Pyk2 and Cx43 protein level and localization. RESULTS PF4618433 produced no observed adverse effects and inhibited ventricular Pyk2. PF4618433 reduced the MI infarct size from 34% to 17% (P=0.007). PF4618433 improved stroke volume (P=0.031) and cardiac output (P=0.009) in comparison to MI-vehicle with values similar to the Sham group. PF4618433 also led to an increase in the ejection fraction (P=0.002) and fractional shortening (P=0.006) when compared with the MI-vehicle (32% and 35% improvement, respectively) yet were lower in comparison with the Sham group. Pyk2 inhibition decreased Cx43 tyrosine phosphorylation (P=0.043) and maintained Cx43 at the intercalated disc in the distal ventricle 6 weeks post-MI. CONCLUSIONS Unlike other attempts to decrease Cx43 remodeling after MI-induced heart failure, inhibition of Pyk2 activity maintained Cx43 at the intercalated disc. This may have aided in the reduced infarct size (acute time frame) and improved cardiac function (chronic time frame). Additionally, we provide evidence that Pyk2 is activated following MI in human left ventricle, implicating a novel potential target for therapy in patients with heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Gaelle Spagnol
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Devashri R. Gandhi
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Kanika Sharma
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Kaushik P. Patel
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Paul L. Sorgen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nielsen MS, van Opbergen CJM, van Veen TAB, Delmar M. The intercalated disc: a unique organelle for electromechanical synchrony in cardiomyocytes. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2271-2319. [PMID: 36731030 PMCID: PMC10191137 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00021.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The intercalated disc (ID) is a highly specialized structure that connects cardiomyocytes via mechanical and electrical junctions. Although described in some detail by light microscopy in the 19th century, it was in 1966 that electron microscopy images showed that the ID represented apposing cell borders and provided detailed insight into the complex ID nanostructure. Since then, much has been learned about the ID and its molecular composition, and it has become evident that a large number of proteins, not all of them involved in direct cell-to-cell coupling via mechanical or gap junctions, reside at the ID. Furthermore, an increasing number of functional interactions between ID components are emerging, leading to the concept that the ID is not the sum of isolated molecular silos but an interacting molecular complex, an "organelle" where components work in concert to bring about electrical and mechanical synchrony. The aim of the present review is to give a short historical account of the ID's discovery and an updated overview of its composition and organization, followed by a discussion of the physiological implications of the ID architecture and the local intermolecular interactions. The latter will focus on both the importance of normal conduction of cardiac action potentials as well as the impact on the pathophysiology of arrhythmias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morten S Nielsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chantal J M van Opbergen
- The Leon Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossmann School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - Toon A B van Veen
- Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Delmar
- The Leon Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossmann School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang M, Wang ZZ, Chen NH. Connexin 43 Phosphorylation: Implications in Multiple Diseases. Molecules 2023; 28:4914. [PMID: 37446576 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Connexin 43 (Cx43) is most widely distributed in mammals, especially in the cardiovascular and nervous systems. Its phosphorylation state has been found to be regulated by the action of more than ten kinases and phosphatases, including mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signaling and regulating kinase signaling. In addition, the phosphorylation status of different phosphorylation sites affects its own synthesis and assembly and the function of the gap junctions (GJs) to varying degrees. The phosphorylation of Cx43 can affect the permeability, electrical conductivity, and gating properties of GJs, thereby having various effects on intercellular communication and affecting physiological or pathological processes in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, clarifying the relationship between Cx43 phosphorylation and specific disease processes will help us better understand the disease. Based on the above clinical and preclinical findings, we present in this review the functional significance of Cx43 phosphorylation in multiple diseases and discuss the potential of Cx43 as a drug target in Cx43-related disease pathophysiology, with an emphasis on the importance of connexin 43 as an emerging therapeutic target in cardiac and neuroprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Scott H, Dong L, Stevenson A, MacDonald AI, Srinivasan S, Massimi P, Banks L, Martin PE, Johnstone SR, Graham SV. The human discs large protein 1 interacts with and maintains connexin 43 at the plasma membrane in keratinocytes. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs259984. [PMID: 37288673 PMCID: PMC10309592 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Gap junction channels, composed of connexins, allow direct cell-to-cell communication. Connexin 43 (Cx43; also known as GJA1) is widely expressed in tissues, including the epidermis. In a previous study of human papillomavirus-positive cervical epithelial tumour cells, we identified Cx43 as a binding partner of the human homologue of Drosophila Discs large (Dlg1; also known as SAP97). Dlg1 is a member of the membrane associated-guanylate kinase (MAGUK) scaffolding protein family, which is known to control cell shape and polarity. Here, we show that Cx43 also interacts with Dlg1 in uninfected keratinocytes in vitro and in keratinocytes, dermal cells and adipocytes in normal human epidermis in vivo. Depletion of Dlg1 in keratinocytes did not alter Cx43 transcription but was associated with a reduction in Cx43 protein levels. Reduced Dlg1 levels in keratinocytes resulted in a reduction in Cx43 at the plasma membrane with a concomitant reduction in gap junctional intercellular communication and relocation of Cx43 to the Golgi compartment. Our data suggest a key role for Dlg1 in maintaining Cx43 at the plasma membrane in keratinocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harry Scott
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Li Dong
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Andrew Stevenson
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Alasdair I. MacDonald
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Sharmila Srinivasan
- Translation Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Paola Massimi
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lawrence Banks
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Patricia E. Martin
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
| | - Scott R. Johnstone
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Virginia Tech, Roanoke VA 24016, USA
| | - Sheila V. Graham
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kong Y, Shi W, Zheng L, Zhang D, Jiang X, Liu B, Xue W, Kuss M, Li Y, Sorgen PL, Duan B. In situ delivery of a curcumin-loaded dynamic hydrogel for the treatment of chronic peripheral neuropathy. J Control Release 2023; 357:319-332. [PMID: 37028453 PMCID: PMC10164707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Patients with peripheral nerve injuries would highly likely suffer from chronic neuropathic pain even after surgical intervention. The primary reasons for this involve sustained neuroinflammatory and dysfunctional changes in the nervous system after the nerve injury. We previously reported an injectable boronic ester-based hydrogel with inherent antioxidative and nerve protective properties. Herein, we first explored the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of Curcumin on primary sensory neurons and activated macrophages in vitro. Next, we incorporated thiolated Curcumin-Pluronic F-127 micelles (Cur-M) into our boronic ester-based hydrogel to develop an injectable hydrogel that serves as sustained curcumin release system (Gel-Cur-M). By orthotopically injecting the Gel-Cur-M to sciatic nerves of mice with chronic constriction injuries, we found that the bioactive components could remain on the nerves for at least 21 days. In addition, the Gel-Cur-M exhibited superior functions compared to Gel and Cur-M alone, which includes ameliorating hyperalgesia while simultaneously improving locomotor and muscular functions after the nerve injury. This could stem from in situ anti-inflammation, antioxidation, and nerve protection. Furthermore, the Gel-Cur-M also showed extended beneficial effects for preventing the overexpression of TRPV1 as well as microglial activation in the lumbar dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord, respectively, which also contributed to its analgesic effects. The underlying mechanism may involve the suppression of CC chemokine ligand-2 and colony-stimulating factor-1 in the injured sensory neurons. Overall, this study suggests that orthotopic injection of the Gel-Cur-M is a promising therapeutic strategy that especially benefits patients with peripheral neuropathy who require surgical interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunfan Kong
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Wen Shi
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Dongze Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Xiping Jiang
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Bo Liu
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Wen Xue
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Mitchell Kuss
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Yulong Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Paul L Sorgen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Bin Duan
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Genet N, Genet G, Chavkin NW, Paila U, Fang JS, Vasavada HH, Goldberg JS, Acharya BR, Bhatt NS, Baker K, McDonnell SP, Huba M, Sankaranarayanan D, Ma GZM, Eichmann A, Thomas JL, Ffrench-Constant C, Hirschi KK. Connexin 43-mediated neurovascular interactions regulate neurogenesis in the adult brain subventricular zone. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112371. [PMID: 37043357 PMCID: PMC10564973 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The subventricular zone (SVZ) is the largest neural stem cell (NSC) niche in the adult brain; herein, the blood-brain barrier is leaky, allowing direct interactions between NSCs and endothelial cells (ECs). Mechanisms by which direct NSC-EC interactions in the adult SVZ control NSC behavior are unclear. We found that Cx43 is highly expressed by SVZ NSCs and ECs, and its deletion in either leads to increased NSC proliferation and neuroblast generation, suggesting that Cx43-mediated NSC-EC interactions maintain NSC quiescence. This is further supported by single-cell RNA sequencing and in vitro studies showing that ECs control NSC proliferation by regulating expression of genes associated with NSC quiescence and/or activation in a Cx43-dependent manner. Cx43 mediates these effects in a channel-independent manner involving its cytoplasmic tail and ERK activation. Such insights inform adult NSC regulation and maintenance aimed at stem cell therapies for neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nafiisha Genet
- Department of Cell Biology, Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Gael Genet
- Department of Cell Biology, Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Nicholas W Chavkin
- Department of Cell Biology, Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Umadevi Paila
- Department of Cell Biology, Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jennifer S Fang
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Hema H Vasavada
- Department of Cell Biology, Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Joshua S Goldberg
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Bipul R Acharya
- Department of Cell Biology, Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Neha S Bhatt
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Kasey Baker
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Departments of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Stephanie P McDonnell
- Department of Cell Biology, Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Mahalia Huba
- Department of Cell Biology, Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Danya Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Cell Biology, Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Gerry Z M Ma
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Anne Eichmann
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Jean-Leon Thomas
- Departments of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Charles Ffrench-Constant
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Karen K Hirschi
- Department of Cell Biology, Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Basu I, Li H, Trease AJ, Sorgen PL. Regulation of Cx43 Gap Junction Intercellular Communication by Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase and Interleukin-2-Inducible T-Cell Kinase. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040660. [PMID: 37189407 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
T and B cell receptor signaling involves the activation of Akt, MAPKs, and PKC as well as an increase in intracellular Ca2+ and calmodulin activation. While these coordinate the rapid turnover of gap junctions, also implicated in this process is Src, which is not activated as part of T and B cell receptor signaling. An in vitro kinase screen identified that Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and interleukin-2-inducible T-cell kinase (ITK) phosphorylate Cx43. Mass spectroscopy revealed that BTK and ITK phosphorylate Cx43 residues Y247, Y265, and Y313, which are identical to the residues phosphorylated by Src. Overexpression of BTK or ITK in the HEK-293T cells led to increased Cx43 tyrosine phosphorylation as well as decreased gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) and Cx43 membrane localization. In the lymphocytes, activation of the B cell receptor (Daudi cells) or T cell receptor (Jurkat cells) increased the BTK and ITK activity, respectively. While this led to increased tyrosine phosphorylation of Cx43 and decreased GJIC, the cellular localization of Cx43 changed little. We have previously identified that Pyk2 and Tyk2 also phosphorylate Cx43 at residues Y247, Y265, and Y313 with a similar cellular fate to that of Src. With phosphorylation critical to Cx43 assembly and turnover, and kinase expression varying between different cell types, there would be a need for different kinases to achieve the same regulation of Cx43. The work presented herein suggests that in the immune system, ITK and BTK have the capacity for the tyrosine phosphorylation of Cx43 to alter the gap junction function in a similar manner as Pyk2, Tyk2, and Src.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ishika Basu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Hanjun Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Andrew J Trease
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Paul L Sorgen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
LRP6-mediated phosphorylation of connexin43 in myocardial infarction. iScience 2023; 26:106160. [PMID: 36879803 PMCID: PMC9985046 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation are most causes of early death in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Conditional cardiac-specific low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6)-knockout mice with connexin 43 (Cx43) reduction triggered the lethal ventricular arrhythmias. Thus, it is necessary for exploring whether LRP6 and its upstream genes circRNA1615 mediate the phosphorylation of Cx43 in VT of AMI. Here, we showed that circRNA1615 regulated the expression of LRP6 mRNA through sponge adsorption of miR-152-3p. Importantly, LRP6 interference fragments aggravated hypoxia injury of Cx43, while overexpression of LRP6 improved the phosphorylation of Cx43. Subsequently, interference with G-protein alpha subunit (Gαs) downstream of LRP6 further inhibited the phosphorylation of Cx43, along with increasing VT. Our results demonstrated that LRP6 upstream genes circRNA1615 controlled the damage effect and VT in AMI, and LRP6 mediated the phosphorylation of Cx43 via Gαs which played a role in VT of AMI.
Collapse
|
12
|
Jiang H, Zhang Y, Wang ZZ, Chen NH. Connexin 43: An Interface Connecting Neuroinflammation to Depression. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041820. [PMID: 36838809 PMCID: PMC9961786 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading chronic mental illness worldwide, characterized by anhedonia, pessimism and even suicidal thoughts. Connexin 43 (Cx43), mainly distributed in astrocytes of the brain, is by far the most widely and ubiquitously expressed connexin in almost all vital organs. Cx43 forms gap junction channels in the brain, which mediate energy exchange and effectively maintain physiological homeostasis. Increasing evidence suggests the crucial role of Cx43 in the pathogenesis of MDD. Neuroinflammation is one of the most common pathological features of the central nervous system dysfunctions. Inflammatory factors are abnormally elevated in patients with depression and are closely related to nearly all links of depression. After activating the inflammatory pathway in the brain, the release and uptake of glutamate and adenosine triphosphate, through Cx43 in the synaptic cleft, would be affected. In this review, we have summarized the association between Cx43 and neuroinflammation, the cornerstones linking inflammation and depression, and Cx43 abnormalities in depression. We also discuss the significant association of Cx43 in inflammation and depression, which will help to explore new antidepressant drug targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical, Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical, Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (Z.-Z.W.); (N.-H.C.); Tel.: +86-10-6316-5182 (Z.-Z.W.); +86-10-63165177 (N.-H.C.)
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical, Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (Z.-Z.W.); (N.-H.C.); Tel.: +86-10-6316-5182 (Z.-Z.W.); +86-10-63165177 (N.-H.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kiss E, Fischer C, Sauter JM, Sun J, Ullrich ND. The Structural and the Functional Aspects of Intercellular Communication in iPSC-Cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084460. [PMID: 35457277 PMCID: PMC9031673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the technology of producing novel cardiomyocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-cardiomyocytes) fuel new hope for future clinical applications. The use of iPSC-cardiomyocytes is particularly promising for the therapy of cardiac diseases such as myocardial infarction, where these cells could replace scar tissue and restore the functionality of the heart. Despite successful cardiogenic differentiation, medical applications of iPSC-cardiomyocytes are currently limited by their pronounced immature structural and functional phenotype. This review focuses on gap junction function in iPSC-cardiomyocytes and portrays our current understanding around the structural and the functional limitations of intercellular coupling and viable cardiac graft formation involving these novel cardiac muscle cells. We further highlight the role of the gap junction protein connexin 43 as a potential target for improving cell–cell communication and electrical signal propagation across cardiac tissue engineered from iPSC-cardiomyocytes. Better insight into the mechanisms that promote functional intercellular coupling is the foundation that will allow the development of novel strategies to combat the immaturity of iPSC-cardiomyocytes and pave the way toward cardiac tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kiss
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 307, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Carolin Fischer
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Jan-Mischa Sauter
- Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 307, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.-M.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Jinmeng Sun
- Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 307, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.-M.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Nina D. Ullrich
- Division of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 307, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.-M.S.); (J.S.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg-Mannheim, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Connexins-Therapeutic Targets in Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239119. [PMID: 33266154 PMCID: PMC7730856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexins (Cx) are members of a protein family that forms intercellular channels localised in gap junction (GJ) plaques and single transmembrane channels called hemichannels. They participate in intercellular communication or communication between the intracellular and extracellular environments. Connexins affect cell homeostasis, growth and differentiation by enabling the exchange of metabolites or by interfering with various signalling pathways. Alterations in the functionality and the expression of connexins have been linked to the occurrence of many diseases. Connexins have been already linked to cancers, cardiac and brain disorders, chronic lung and kidney conditions and wound healing processes. Connexins have been shown either to suppress cancer tumour growth or to increase tumorigenicity by promoting cancer cell growth, migration and invasiveness. A better understanding of the complexity of cancer biology related to connexins and intercellular communication could result in the design of novel therapeutic strategies. The modulation of connexin expression may be an effective therapeutic approach in some types of cancers. Therefore, one important challenge is the search for mechanisms and new drugs, selectively modulating the expression of various connexin isoforms. We performed a systematic literature search up to February 2020 in the electronic databases PubMed and EMBASE. Our search terms were as follows: connexins, hemichannels, cancer and cancer treatment. This review aims to provide information about the role of connexins and gap junctions in cancer, as well as to discuss possible therapeutic options that are currently being studied.
Collapse
|
15
|
Solan JL, Lampe PD. Src Regulation of Cx43 Phosphorylation and Gap Junction Turnover. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121596. [PMID: 33255329 PMCID: PMC7759836 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The gap junction protein Connexin43 (Cx43) is highly regulated by phosphorylation at over a dozen sites by probably at least as many kinases. This Cx43 “kinome” plays an important role in gap junction assembly and turnover. We sought to gain a better understanding of the interrelationship of these phosphorylation events particularly related to src activation and Cx43 turnover. Using state-of-the-art live imaging methods, specific inhibitors and many phosphorylation-status specific antibodies, we found phospho-specific domains in gap junction plaques and show evidence that multiple pathways of disassembly exist and can be regulated at the cellular and subcellular level. We found Src activation promotes formation of connexisomes (internalized gap junctions) in a process involving ERK-mediated phosphorylation of S279/282. Proteasome inhibition dramatically and rapidly restored gap junctions in the presence of Src and led to dramatic changes in the Cx43 phospho-profile including to increased Y247, Y265, S279/282, S365, and S373 phosphorylation. Lysosomal inhibition, on the other hand, nearly eliminated phosphorylation on Y247 and Y265 and reduced S368 and S373 while increasing S279/282 phosphorylation levels. We present a model of gap junction disassembly where multiple modes of disassembly are regulated by phosphorylation and can have differential effects on cellular signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joell L. Solan
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA;
| | - Paul D. Lampe
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA;
- Department of Global Health, Pathobiology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zheng L, Chenavas S, Kieken F, Trease A, Brownell S, Anbanandam A, Sorgen PL, Spagnol G. Calmodulin Directly Interacts with the Cx43 Carboxyl-Terminus and Cytoplasmic Loop Containing Three ODDD-Linked Mutants (M147T, R148Q, and T154A) that Retain α-Helical Structure, but Exhibit Loss-of-Function and Cellular Trafficking Defects. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101452. [PMID: 33080786 PMCID: PMC7602980 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The autosomal-dominant pleiotropic disorder called oculodentodigital dysplasia (ODDD) is caused by mutations in the gap junction protein Cx43. Of the 73 mutations identified to date, over one-third are localized in the cytoplasmic loop (Cx43CL) domain. Here, we determined the mechanism by which three ODDD mutations (M147T, R148Q, and T154A), all of which localize within the predicted 1-5-10 calmodulin-binding motif of the Cx43CL, manifest the disease. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and circular dichroism revealed that the three ODDD mutations had little-to-no effect on the ability of the Cx43CL to form α-helical structure as well as bind calmodulin. Combination of microscopy and a dye-transfer assay uncovered these mutations increased the intracellular level of Cx43 and those that trafficked to the plasma membrane did not form functional channels. NMR also identify that CaM can directly interact with the Cx43CT domain. The Cx43CT residues involved in the CaM interaction overlap with tyrosines phosphorylated by Pyk2 and Src. In vitro and in cyto data provide evidence that the importance of the CaM interaction with the Cx43CT may lie in restricting Pyk2 and Src phosphorylation, and their subsequent downstream effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (L.Z.); (S.C.); (F.K.); (A.T.); (S.B.)
| | - Sylvie Chenavas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (L.Z.); (S.C.); (F.K.); (A.T.); (S.B.)
| | - Fabien Kieken
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (L.Z.); (S.C.); (F.K.); (A.T.); (S.B.)
| | - Andrew Trease
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (L.Z.); (S.C.); (F.K.); (A.T.); (S.B.)
| | - Sarah Brownell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (L.Z.); (S.C.); (F.K.); (A.T.); (S.B.)
| | - Asokan Anbanandam
- Biomolecular NMR Core Facility, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA;
| | - Paul L. Sorgen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (L.Z.); (S.C.); (F.K.); (A.T.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: (P.L.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Gaelle Spagnol
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (L.Z.); (S.C.); (F.K.); (A.T.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: (P.L.S.); (G.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zheng L, Trease AJ, Katsurada K, Spagnol G, Li H, Shi W, Duan B, Patel KP, Sorgen PL. Inhibition of Pyk2 and Src activity improves Cx43 gap junction intercellular communication. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 149:27-40. [PMID: 32956670 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Identification of proteins that interact with Cx43 has been instrumental in the understanding of gap junction (GJ) regulation. An in vitro phosphorylation screen identified that Protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta (Pyk2) phosphorylated purified Cx43CT and this led us to characterize the impact of this phosphorylation on Cx43 function. Mass spectrometry identified Pyk2 phosphorylates Cx43 residues Y247, Y265, Y267, and Y313. Western blot and immunofluorescence staining using HeLaCx43 cells, HEK 293 T cells, and neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) revealed Pyk2 can be activated by Src and active Pyk2 interacts with Cx43 at the plasma membrane. Overexpression of Pyk2 increases Cx43 phosphorylation and knock-down of Pyk2 decreases Cx43 phosphorylation, without affecting the level of active Src. In HeLaCx43 cells treated with PMA to activate Pyk2, a decrease in Cx43 GJ intercellular communication (GJIC) was observed when assayed by dye transfer. Moreover, PMA activation of Pyk2 could be inhibited by the small molecule PF4618433. This partially restored GJIC, and when paired with a Src inhibitor, returned GJIC to the no PMA control-level. The ability of Pyk2 and Src inhibitors to restore Cx43 function in the presence of PMA was also observed in NRVMs. Additionally, an animal model of myocardial infarction induced heart failure showed a higher level of active Pyk2 activity and increased interaction with Cx43 in ventricular myocytes. Src inhibitors have been used to reverse Cx43 remodeling and improve heart function after myocardial infarction; however, they alone could not fully restore proper Cx43 function. Our data suggest that Pyk2 may need to be inhibited, in addition to Src, to further (if not completely) reverse Cx43 remodeling and improve intercellular communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Andrew J Trease
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Kenichi Katsurada
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Gaelle Spagnol
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Hanjun Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Wen Shi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine/Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Bin Duan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine/Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Kaushik P Patel
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Paul L Sorgen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Of the 21 members of the connexin family, 4 (Cx37, Cx40, Cx43, and Cx45) are expressed in the endothelium and/or smooth muscle of intact blood vessels to a variable and dynamically regulated degree. Full-length connexins oligomerize and form channel structures connecting the cytosol of adjacent cells (gap junctions) or the cytosol with the extracellular space (hemichannels). The different connexins vary mainly with regard to length and sequence of their cytosolic COOH-terminal tails. These COOH-terminal parts, which in the case of Cx43 are also translated as independent short isoforms, are involved in various cellular signaling cascades and regulate cell functions. This review focuses on channel-dependent and -independent effects of connexins in vascular cells. Channels play an essential role in coordinating and synchronizing endothelial and smooth muscle activity and in their interplay, in the control of vasomotor actions of blood vessels including endothelial cell reactivity to agonist stimulation, nitric oxide-dependent dilation, and endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor-type responses. Further channel-dependent and -independent roles of connexins in blood vessel function range from basic processes of vascular remodeling and angiogenesis to vascular permeability and interactions with leukocytes with the vessel wall. Together, these connexin functions constitute an often underestimated basis for the enormous plasticity of vascular morphology and function enabling the required dynamic adaptation of the vascular system to varying tissue demands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Pohl
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Biomedical Centre, Cardiovascular Physiology, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
王 道, 刘 亚, 赵 婉, 王 茹, 童 旭, 蒋 国. [SRC kinase inhibitor PP2 inhibits invasion and metastasis of lung cancer A549 cells by upregulating connexin43 expression]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 39:797-803. [PMID: 31340912 PMCID: PMC6765555 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.07.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of SRC kinase inhibitor PP2 on the invasion and metastasis of lung cancer A549 cells and explore its molecular mechanism. METHODS MTT assay was used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of PP2 on the proliferation of A549 cells. Cell scratch and Transwell assays were performed to assess the invasion and metastatic capacity of A549 cells after treatment with 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 μmol/L PP2 for 24 h. Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of connexin43 (Cx43) and MMP-2 in the cells after small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated silencing or overexpression of Cx43; the changes in the cell invasion and metastasis in response to PP2 treatment after Cx43 silencing or overexpression were investigated. RESULTS MTT assay showed that treatment with PP2 at 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 μmol/L significantly inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatments with PP2 at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 μmol/L for 24 h also concentration-dependently lowered the invasion and metastatic abilities of the cells (P < 0.05). At 4 and 8 μmol/L, PP2 significantly increased the expression level of Cx43 protein and decreased the expression level of MMP-2 protein. Overexpression of Cx43 significantly enhanced the inhibitory effect of PP2 on the cell invasion and metastasis, and Cx43 silencing significantly attenuated the inhibitory effect of PP2 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS PP2 treatment can suppress the invasion and metastasis of A549 cells in vitro possibly by modulating the expression of Cx43.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- 道鑫 王
- />蚌埠医学院药学院药理教研室//安徽省生化药物工程技术研究中心,安徽 蚌埠 233030School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College/Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceuticals, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - 亚明 刘
- />蚌埠医学院药学院药理教研室//安徽省生化药物工程技术研究中心,安徽 蚌埠 233030School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College/Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceuticals, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - 婉晨 赵
- />蚌埠医学院药学院药理教研室//安徽省生化药物工程技术研究中心,安徽 蚌埠 233030School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College/Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceuticals, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - 茹 王
- />蚌埠医学院药学院药理教研室//安徽省生化药物工程技术研究中心,安徽 蚌埠 233030School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College/Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceuticals, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - 旭辉 童
- />蚌埠医学院药学院药理教研室//安徽省生化药物工程技术研究中心,安徽 蚌埠 233030School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College/Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceuticals, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - 国君 蒋
- />蚌埠医学院药学院药理教研室//安徽省生化药物工程技术研究中心,安徽 蚌埠 233030School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College/Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceuticals, Bengbu 233030, China
| |
Collapse
|