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Wei ZX, Cai XX, Fei YD, Wang Q, Hu XL, Li C, Hou JW, Yang YL, Wang YP, Li YG. Ntsr1 contributes to pulmonary hypertension by enhancing endoplasmic reticulum stress via JAK2-STAT3-Thbs1 signaling. Transl Res 2024; 269:64-75. [PMID: 38395391 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe clinical syndrome with pulmonary vascular remodeling and poor long-term prognosis. Neurotensin receptor 1 (Ntsr1), serve as one of the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), implicates in various biological processes, but the potential effects of Ntsr1 in PH development are unclear. The Sugen/Hypoxia (SuHx) or monocrotaline (MCT) induced rat PH model was used in our study and the PH rats showed aggravated pulmonary artery remodeling and increased right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP). Our results revealed that Ntsr1 induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response via ATF6 activation contributed to the development of PH. Moreover, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and phosphoproteomics were performed and the Ntsr1-JAK2-STAT3-thrombospondin 1 (Thbs1)-ATF6 signaling was distinguished as the key pathway. In vitro, pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) under hypoxia condition showed enhanced proliferation and migration properties, which could be inhibited by Ntsr1 knockdown, JAK2 inhibitor (Fedratinib) treatment, STAT3 inhibitior (Stattic) treatment, Thbs1 knockdown or ATF6 knockdown. In addition, adeno-associated virus 1 (AAV1) were used to knockdown the expression of Ntsr1, Thbs1 or ATF6 in rats and reversed the phenotype of PH. In summary, our results reveal that Ntsr1-JAK2-STAT3-Thbs1 pathway can induce enhanced ER stress via ATF6 activation and increased PASMC proliferation and migration capacities, which can be mechanism of the pulmonary artery remodeling and PH. Targeting Ntsr1 might be a novel therapeutic strategy to ameliorate PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xing Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xing-Xing Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yu-Dong Fei
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jian-Wen Hou
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yu-Li Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yue-Peng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yi-Gang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Sykora M, Andelova K, Szeiffova Bacova B, Egan Benova T, Martiskova A, Knezl V, Tribulova N. Hypertension Induces Pro-arrhythmic Cardiac Connexome Disorders: Protective Effects of Treatment. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020330. [PMID: 36830700 PMCID: PMC9953310 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged population aging and unhealthy lifestyles contribute to the progressive prevalence of arterial hypertension. This is accompanied by low-grade inflammation and over time results in heart dysfunction and failure. Hypertension-induced myocardial structural and ion channel remodeling facilitates the development of both atrial and ventricular fibrillation, and these increase the risk of stroke and sudden death. Herein, we elucidate hypertension-induced impairment of "connexome" cardiomyocyte junctions. This complex ensures cell-to-cell adhesion and coupling for electrical and molecular signal propagation. Connexome dysfunction can be a key factor in promoting the occurrence of both cardiac arrhythmias and heart failure. However, the available literature indicates that arterial hypertension treatment can hamper myocardial structural remodeling, hypertrophy and/or fibrosis, and preserve connexome function. This suggests the pleiotropic effects of antihypertensive agents, including anti-inflammatory. Therefore, further research is required to identify specific molecular targets and pathways that will protect connexomes, and it is also necessary to develop new approaches to maintain heart function in patients suffering from primary or pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Bandorski D, Heibel S, Höltgen R, Bogossian H, Ghofrani HA, Zarse M, Gall H. Incidence and prognostic significance of malignant arrhythmias during (repetitive) Holter electrocardiograms in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1084051. [PMID: 37139131 PMCID: PMC10150006 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1084051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH), increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) may lead to increased right ventricular afterload and cardiac remodelling, potentially providing the substrate for ventricular arrhythmias. Studies dealing with long term monitoring of patients with PH are rare. The present study evaluated the incidence and the types of arrhythmias retrospectively recorded by Holter ECG in patients with newly detected PH during a long-term Holter ECG follow-up. Moreover, their impact on patient survival was evaluated. Patients and methods Medical records were screened for demographic data, aetiology of PH, incidence of coronary heart disease, level of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), results from Holter ECG monitoring, 6-minute walk test distance, echocardiographic data and hemodynamic data derived from right heart catheterization. Two subgroups were analyzed: 1. patients (n = 65) with PH (group 1 + 4) and derivation of at least 1 Holter ECG within 12 months from initial detection of PH and 2. patients (all PH etiologies, n = 59) with 3 follow-up Holter ECGs. The frequency and complexity of premature ventricular contractions (PVC) was classified into "lower" and "higher" (=non sustained ventricular tachycardia, nsVT) burden. Results Holter ECG revealed sinus rhythm (SR) in most of the patients (n = 60). Incidence of atrial fibrillation (AFib) was low (n = 4). Patients with premature atrial contractions (PAC) tend to have a shorter period of survival (p = 0.098), PVC were not correlated with significant survival differences. During follow-up PAC and PVC were common in all PH groups. Holter ECG revealed non sustained ventricular tachycardia in 19/59 patients [(32.2%); n = 6 during first Holter-ECG, n = 13 during second/third Holter-ECG]. In all patients suffering from nsVT during follow-up previous Holter ECG revealed multiform/repetitive PVC. PVC burden was not linked to differences in systolic pulmonary arterial pressure, right atrial pressure, brain natriuretic peptide and results of six-minute walk test. Conclusion Patients with PAC tend to have a shortened survival. None of the evaluated parameters (BNP, TAPSE, sPAP) was correlated with the development of arrhythmias. Patients with multiform/repetitive PVC seem to be at risk for ventricular arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Bandorski
- Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: Dirk Bandorski
| | - Sebastian Heibel
- Medical Clinic III, Sana Klinikum Offenbach, Offenbach am Main, Germany
| | - Reinhard Höltgen
- Klinikum Westmünsterland, St. Agnes-Hospital Bocholt-Rhede, Bocholt, Germany
| | | | - Hossein Ardeschir Ghofrani
- The German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany
| | - Markus Zarse
- Cardiology Department, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Henning Gall
- The German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany
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Bisserier M, Sun XQ, Fazal S, Turnbull IC, Bonnet S, Hadri L. Novel Insights into the Therapeutic Potential of Lung-Targeted Gene Transfer in the Most Common Respiratory Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:984. [PMID: 35326434 PMCID: PMC8947048 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, a better understanding of the genetic and molecular alterations underlying several respiratory diseases has encouraged the development of new therapeutic strategies. Gene therapy offers new therapeutic alternatives for inherited and acquired diseases by delivering exogenous genetic materials into cells or tissues to restore physiological protein expression and/or activity. In this review, we review (1) different types of viral and non-viral vectors as well as gene-editing techniques; and (2) the application of gene therapy for the treatment of respiratory diseases and disorders, including pulmonary arterial hypertension, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, asthma, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, non-small-cell lung cancer, and COVID-19. Further, we also provide specific examples of lung-targeted therapies and discuss the major limitations of gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Bisserier
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.B.); (S.F.); (I.C.T.)
| | - Xiao-Qing Sun
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Shahood Fazal
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.B.); (S.F.); (I.C.T.)
| | - Irene C. Turnbull
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.B.); (S.F.); (I.C.T.)
| | - Sébastien Bonnet
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Québec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Québec, QC G1V4G5, Canada;
- Department of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V4G5, Canada
| | - Lahouaria Hadri
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.B.); (S.F.); (I.C.T.)
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5
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Bisserier M, Boucherat O, Bonnet S, Hadri L. Intra-Airway Gene Delivery for Pulmonary Hypertension in Rodent Models. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2573:263-278. [PMID: 36040601 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2707-5_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe and progressive cardiopulmonary disease characterized by pathological remodeling of the resistance pulmonary arteries (PA), ultimately leading to right ventricular (RV) failure and death. Animal models have been particularly useful for unraveling the pathogenesis of PAH by providing incisive experimental strategies that were impossible in human studies. Over the past decade, gene therapy has been making considerable progress as an alternative strategy for treating PAH disease. Animal models mimicking PAH disease are essential at preclinical stages for assessing the therapeutic potential of gene therapy and determining genome viral vectors transduction, safety, dosage, and localization of transgene expression. The most commonly used PAH rat models in gene therapy studies are the monocrotaline (MCT), the chronic hypoxia-Sugen 5416, and the pneumonectomy (PNT)-MCT models. Here, we provide detailed protocols for creating these preclinical rodent models of PAH commonly used to assess the efficiency of lung gene therapy in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Bisserier
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Olivier Boucherat
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Québec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Sebastien Bonnet
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Québec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Lahouaria Hadri
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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6
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Strauss B, Bisserier M, Obus E, Katz MG, Fargnoli A, Cacheux M, Akar JG, Hummel JP, Hadri L, Sassi Y, Akar FG. Right predominant electrical remodeling in a pure model of pulmonary hypertension promotes reentrant arrhythmias. Heart Rhythm 2022; 19:113-124. [PMID: 34563688 PMCID: PMC8742785 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2021.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrophysiological (EP) properties have been studied mainly in the monocrotaline model of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Findings are confounded by major extrapulmonary toxicities, which preclude the ability to draw definitive conclusions regarding the role of PAH per se in EP remodeling. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the EP substrate and arrhythmic vulnerability of a new model of PAH that avoids extracardiopulmonary toxicities. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats underwent left pneumonectomy (Pn) followed by injection of the vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor Sugen-5416 (Su/Pn). Five weeks later, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed in vivo, optical action potential (AP) mapping ex vivo, and molecular analyses in vitro. RESULTS Su/Pn rats exhibited right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy and were highly prone to pacing-induced ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation (VT/VF). Underlying this susceptibility was disproportionate RV-sided prolongation of AP duration, which promoted formation of right-sided AP alternans at physiological rates. While propagation was impaired at all rates in Su/Pn rats, the extent of conduction slowing was most severe immediately before the emergence of interventricular lines of block and onset of VT/VF. Measurement of the cardiac wavelength revealed a decrease in Su/Pn relative to control. Nav1.5 and total connexin 43 expression was not altered, while connexin 43 phosphorylation was decreased in PAH. Col1a1 and Col3a1 transcripts were upregulated coinciding with myocardial fibrosis. Once generated, VT/VF was sustained by multiple reentrant circuits with a lower frequency of RV activation due to wavebreak formation. CONCLUSION In this pure model of PAH, we document RV-predominant remodeling that promotes multiwavelet reentry underlying VT. The Su/Pn model represents a severe form of PAH that allows the study of EP properties without the confounding influence of extrapulmonary toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Strauss
- Electro-biology & Arrhythmia Therapeutics Laboratory, Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Malik Bisserier
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Emerson Obus
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Michael G. Katz
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Anthony Fargnoli
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Marine Cacheux
- Electro-biology & Arrhythmia Therapeutics Laboratory, Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University
| | - Joseph G. Akar
- Electro-biology & Arrhythmia Therapeutics Laboratory, Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University
| | - James P Hummel
- Electro-biology & Arrhythmia Therapeutics Laboratory, Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University
| | - Lahouaria Hadri
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Yassine Sassi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
- Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Fralin Biomedical research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
| | - Fadi G. Akar
- Electro-biology & Arrhythmia Therapeutics Laboratory, Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University
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7
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Cell-to-Cell Crosstalk: A New Insight into Pulmonary Hypertension. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 184:159-179. [PMID: 35380274 DOI: 10.1007/112_2022_70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a disease with high pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary vasoconstriction, pulmonary vascular remodeling, and microthrombosis in complex plexiform lesions, but it has been unclear of the exact mechanism of PH. A new understanding of the pathogenesis of PH is occurred and focused on the role of crosstalk between the cells on pulmonary vessels and pulmonary alveoli. It was found that the crosstalks among the endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, pericytes, alveolar epithelial cells, and macrophages play important roles in cell proliferation, migration, inflammation, and so on. Therefore, the heterogeneity of multiple pulmonary blood vessels and alveolar cells and tracking the transmitters of cell communication could be conducive to the further insights into the pathogenesis of PH to discover the potential therapeutic targets for PH.
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8
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Jenkins EV, Dharmaprani D, Schopp M, Quah JX, Tiver K, Mitchell L, Xiong F, Aguilar M, Pope K, Akar FG, Roney CH, Niederer SA, Nattel S, Nash MP, Clayton RH, Ganesan AN. The inspection paradox: An important consideration in the evaluation of rotor lifetimes in cardiac fibrillation. Front Physiol 2022; 13:920788. [PMID: 36148313 PMCID: PMC9486478 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.920788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Renewal theory is a statistical approach to model the formation and destruction of phase singularities (PS), which occur at the pivots of spiral waves. A common issue arising during observation of renewal processes is an inspection paradox, due to oversampling of longer events. The objective of this study was to characterise the effect of a potential inspection paradox on the perception of PS lifetimes in cardiac fibrillation. Methods: A multisystem, multi-modality study was performed, examining computational simulations (Aliev-Panfilov (APV) model, Courtmanche-Nattel model), experimentally acquired optical mapping Atrial and Ventricular Fibrillation (AF/VF) data, and clinically acquired human AF and VF. Distributions of all PS lifetimes across full epochs of AF, VF, or computational simulations, were compared with distributions formed from lifetimes of PS existing at 10,000 simulated commencement timepoints. Results: In all systems, an inspection paradox led towards oversampling of PS with longer lifetimes. In APV computational simulations there was a mean PS lifetime shift of +84.9% (95% CI, ± 0.3%) (p < 0.001 for observed vs overall), in Courtmanche-Nattel simulations of AF +692.9% (95% CI, ±57.7%) (p < 0.001), in optically mapped rat AF +374.6% (95% CI, ± 88.5%) (p = 0.052), in human AF mapped with basket catheters +129.2% (95% CI, ±4.1%) (p < 0.05), human AF-HD grid catheters 150.8% (95% CI, ± 9.0%) (p < 0.001), in optically mapped rat VF +171.3% (95% CI, ±15.6%) (p < 0.001), in human epicardial VF 153.5% (95% CI, ±15.7%) (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Visual inspection of phase movies has the potential to systematically oversample longer lasting PS, due to an inspection paradox. An inspection paradox is minimised by consideration of the overall distribution of PS lifetimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan V Jenkins
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Dhani Dharmaprani
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Madeline Schopp
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jing Xian Quah
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kathryn Tiver
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lewis Mitchell
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Feng Xiong
- Montréal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Aguilar
- Montréal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Kenneth Pope
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Fadi G Akar
- School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Caroline H Roney
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven A Niederer
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stanley Nattel
- Montréal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Martyn P Nash
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard H Clayton
- Insigneo Institute for in Silico Medicine and Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Anand N Ganesan
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Research Progress on Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and the Role of the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2-Angiotensin-(1-7)-Mas Axis in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2022; 36:363-370. [PMID: 33394361 PMCID: PMC7779643 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-020-07114-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease with a complex aetiology and high mortality. Functional and structural changes in the small pulmonary arteries lead to elevated pulmonary arterial pressure, resulting in right heart failure. The pathobiology of PAH is not fully understood, and novel treatment targets in PAH are desperately needed. The renin-angiotensin system is critical for maintaining homeostasis of the cardiovascular system. The system consists of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)-angiotensin (Ang) II-angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) axis and the ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas receptor axis. The former, the ACE-Ang II-AT1R axis, is involved in vasoconstrictive and hypertensive actions along with cardiac and vascular remodelling. The latter, the ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas axis, generally mediates counterbalancing effects against those mediated by the ACE-Ang II-AT1R axis. Based on established functions, the ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas axis may represent a novel target for the treatment of PAH. This review focuses on recent advances in pulmonary circulation science and the role of the ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas axis in PAH.
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10
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New Insights into Pulmonary Hypertension: A Role for Connexin-Mediated Signalling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010379. [PMID: 35008804 PMCID: PMC8745497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is a serious clinical condition characterised by increased pulmonary arterial pressure. This can lead to right ventricular failure which can be fatal. Connexins are gap junction-forming membrane proteins which serve to exchange small molecules of less than 1 kD between cells. Connexins can also form hemi-channels connecting the intracellular and extracellular environments. Hemi-channels can mediate adenosine triphosphate release and are involved in autocrine and paracrine signalling. Recently, our group and others have identified evidence that connexin-mediated signalling may be involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension. In this review, we discuss the evidence that dysregulated connexin-mediated signalling is associated with pulmonary hypertension.
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11
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Bisserier M, Katz MG, Bueno-Beti C, Brojakowska A, Zhang S, Gubara S, Kohlbrenner E, Fazal S, Fargnoli A, Dorfmuller P, Humbert M, Hata A, Goukassian DA, Sassi Y, Hadri L. Combination Therapy with STAT3 Inhibitor Enhances SERCA2a-Induced BMPR2 Expression and Inhibits Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179105. [PMID: 34502015 PMCID: PMC8431626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating lung disease characterized by the progressive obstruction of the distal pulmonary arteries (PA). Structural and functional alteration of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) and endothelial cells (PAEC) contributes to PA wall remodeling and vascular resistance, which may lead to maladaptive right ventricular (RV) failure and, ultimately, death. Here, we found that decreased expression of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) in the lung samples of PAH patients was associated with the down-regulation of bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2) and the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Our results showed that the antiproliferative properties of SERCA2a are mediated through the STAT3/BMPR2 pathway. At the molecular level, transcriptome analysis of PASMCs co-overexpressing SERCA2a and BMPR2 identified STAT3 amongst the most highly regulated transcription factors. Using a specific siRNA and a potent pharmacological STAT3 inhibitor (STAT3i, HJC0152), we found that SERCA2a potentiated BMPR2 expression by repressing STAT3 activity in PASMCs and PAECs. In vivo, we used a validated and efficient model of severe PAH induced by unilateral left pneumonectomy combined with monocrotaline (PNT/MCT) to further evaluate the therapeutic potential of single and combination therapies using adeno-associated virus (AAV) technology and a STAT3i. We found that intratracheal delivery of AAV1 encoding SERCA2 or BMPR2 alone or STAT3i was sufficient to reduce the mean PA pressure and vascular remodeling while improving RV systolic pressures, RV ejection fraction, and cardiac remodeling. Interestingly, we found that combined therapy of AAV1.hSERCA2a with AAV1.hBMPR2 or STAT3i enhanced the beneficial effects of SERCA2a. Finally, we used cardiac magnetic resonance imaging to measure RV function and found that therapies using AAV1.hSERCA2a alone or combined with STAT3i significantly inhibited RV structural and functional changes in PNT/MCT-induced PAH. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that combination therapies using SERCA2a gene transfer with a STAT3 inhibitor could represent a new promising therapeutic alternative to inhibit PAH and to restore BMPR2 expression by limiting STAT3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Bisserier
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.G.K.); (C.B.-B.); (A.B.); (S.Z.); (S.G.); (E.K.); (S.F.); (A.F.); (D.A.G.); (Y.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (L.H.)
| | - Michael G. Katz
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.G.K.); (C.B.-B.); (A.B.); (S.Z.); (S.G.); (E.K.); (S.F.); (A.F.); (D.A.G.); (Y.S.)
| | - Carlos Bueno-Beti
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.G.K.); (C.B.-B.); (A.B.); (S.Z.); (S.G.); (E.K.); (S.F.); (A.F.); (D.A.G.); (Y.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Brojakowska
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.G.K.); (C.B.-B.); (A.B.); (S.Z.); (S.G.); (E.K.); (S.F.); (A.F.); (D.A.G.); (Y.S.)
| | - Shihong Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.G.K.); (C.B.-B.); (A.B.); (S.Z.); (S.G.); (E.K.); (S.F.); (A.F.); (D.A.G.); (Y.S.)
| | - Sarah Gubara
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.G.K.); (C.B.-B.); (A.B.); (S.Z.); (S.G.); (E.K.); (S.F.); (A.F.); (D.A.G.); (Y.S.)
| | - Erik Kohlbrenner
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.G.K.); (C.B.-B.); (A.B.); (S.Z.); (S.G.); (E.K.); (S.F.); (A.F.); (D.A.G.); (Y.S.)
| | - Shahood Fazal
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.G.K.); (C.B.-B.); (A.B.); (S.Z.); (S.G.); (E.K.); (S.F.); (A.F.); (D.A.G.); (Y.S.)
| | - Anthony Fargnoli
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.G.K.); (C.B.-B.); (A.B.); (S.Z.); (S.G.); (E.K.); (S.F.); (A.F.); (D.A.G.); (Y.S.)
| | - Peter Dorfmuller
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg (UKGM), Langhansstrasse 10, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Marc Humbert
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Centre de Référence de l’Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France;
| | - Akiko Hata
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - David A. Goukassian
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.G.K.); (C.B.-B.); (A.B.); (S.Z.); (S.G.); (E.K.); (S.F.); (A.F.); (D.A.G.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yassine Sassi
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.G.K.); (C.B.-B.); (A.B.); (S.Z.); (S.G.); (E.K.); (S.F.); (A.F.); (D.A.G.); (Y.S.)
| | - Lahouaria Hadri
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.G.K.); (C.B.-B.); (A.B.); (S.Z.); (S.G.); (E.K.); (S.F.); (A.F.); (D.A.G.); (Y.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (L.H.)
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12
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Stam K, Clauss S, Taverne YJHJ, Merkus D. Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension - What Have We Learned From Large Animal Models. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:574360. [PMID: 33937352 PMCID: PMC8085273 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.574360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic thrombo-embolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) develops in a subset of patients after acute pulmonary embolism. In CTEPH, pulmonary vascular resistance, which is initially elevated due to the obstructions in the larger pulmonary arteries, is further increased by pulmonary microvascular remodeling. The increased afterload of the right ventricle (RV) leads to RV dilation and hypertrophy. This RV remodeling predisposes to arrhythmogenesis and RV failure. Yet, mechanisms involved in pulmonary microvascular remodeling, processes underlying the RV structural and functional adaptability in CTEPH as well as determinants of the susceptibility to arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation in the context of CTEPH remain incompletely understood. Several large animal models with critical clinical features of human CTEPH and subsequent RV remodeling have relatively recently been developed in swine, sheep, and dogs. In this review we will discuss the current knowledge on the processes underlying development and progression of CTEPH, and on how animal models can help enlarge understanding of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Stam
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Clauss
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Yannick J H J Taverne
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daphne Merkus
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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13
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Fazal S, Bisserier M, Hadri L. Molecular and Genetic Profiling for Precision Medicines in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030638. [PMID: 33805595 PMCID: PMC7999465 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare and chronic lung disease characterized by progressive occlusion of the small pulmonary arteries, which is associated with structural and functional alteration of the smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells within the pulmonary vasculature. Excessive vascular remodeling is, in part, responsible for high pulmonary vascular resistance and the mean pulmonary arterial pressure, increasing the transpulmonary gradient and the right ventricular “pressure overload”, which may result in right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and failure. Current technological advances in multi-omics approaches, high-throughput sequencing, and computational methods have provided valuable tools in molecular profiling and led to the identification of numerous genetic variants in PAH patients. In this review, we summarized the pathogenesis, classification, and current treatments of the PAH disease. Additionally, we outlined the latest next-generation sequencing technologies and the consequences of common genetic variants underlying PAH susceptibility and disease progression. Finally, we discuss the importance of molecular genetic testing for precision medicine in PAH and the future of genomic medicines, including gene-editing technologies and gene therapies, as emerging alternative approaches to overcome genetic disorders in PAH.
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14
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Rai N, Shihan M, Seeger W, Schermuly RT, Novoyatleva T. Genetic Delivery and Gene Therapy in Pulmonary Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031179. [PMID: 33503992 PMCID: PMC7865388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive complex fatal disease of multiple etiologies. Hyperproliferation and resistance to apoptosis of vascular cells of intimal, medial, and adventitial layers of pulmonary vessels trigger excessive pulmonary vascular remodeling and vasoconstriction in the course of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a subgroup of PH. Multiple gene mutation/s or dysregulated gene expression contribute to the pathogenesis of PAH by endorsing the proliferation and promoting the resistance to apoptosis of pulmonary vascular cells. Given the vital role of these cells in PAH progression, the development of safe and efficient-gene therapeutic approaches that lead to restoration or down-regulation of gene expression, generally involved in the etiology of the disease is the need of the hour. Currently, none of the FDA-approved drugs provides a cure against PH, hence innovative tools may offer a novel treatment paradigm for this progressive and lethal disorder by silencing pathological genes, expressing therapeutic proteins, or through gene-editing applications. Here, we review the effectiveness and limitations of the presently available gene therapy approaches for PH. We provide a brief survey of commonly existing and currently applicable gene transfer methods for pulmonary vascular cells in vitro and describe some more recent developments for gene delivery existing in the field of PH in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabham Rai
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (N.R.); (M.S.); (W.S.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Mazen Shihan
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (N.R.); (M.S.); (W.S.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Werner Seeger
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (N.R.); (M.S.); (W.S.); (R.T.S.)
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralph T. Schermuly
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (N.R.); (M.S.); (W.S.); (R.T.S.)
| | - Tatyana Novoyatleva
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (N.R.); (M.S.); (W.S.); (R.T.S.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Boengler K, Rohrbach S, Weissmann N, Schulz R. Importance of Cx43 for Right Ventricular Function. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22030987. [PMID: 33498172 PMCID: PMC7863922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22030987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the heart, connexins form gap junctions, hemichannels, and are also present within mitochondria, with connexin 43 (Cx43) being the most prominent connexin in the ventricles. Whereas the role of Cx43 is well established for the healthy and diseased left ventricle, less is known about the importance of Cx43 for the development of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction. The present article focusses on the importance of Cx43 for the developing heart. Furthermore, we discuss the expression and localization of Cx43 in the diseased RV, i.e., in the tetralogy of Fallot and in pulmonary hypertension, in which the RV is affected, and RV hypertrophy and failure occur. We will also introduce other Cx molecules that are expressed in RV and surrounding tissues and have been reported to be involved in RV pathophysiology. Finally, we highlight therapeutic strategies aiming to improve RV function in pulmonary hypertension that are associated with alterations of Cx43 expression and function.
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16
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Bisserier M, Pradhan N, Hadri L. Current and emerging therapeutic approaches to pulmonary hypertension. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2020; 21:163-179. [PMID: 32706206 PMCID: PMC7389678 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm.2020.02.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and fatal lung disease of multifactorial etiology. Most of the available drugs and FDA-approved therapies for treating pulmonary hypertension attempt to overcome the imbalance between vasoactive and vasodilator mediators, and restore the endothelial cell function. Traditional medications for treating PAH include the prostacyclin analogs and receptor agonists, phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, endothelin-receptor antagonists, and cGMP activators. While the current FDA-approved drugs showed improvements in quality of life and hemodynamic parameters, they have shown only very limited beneficial effects on survival and disease progression. None of them offers a cure against PAH, and the median survival rate remains less than three years from diagnosis. Extensive research efforts have led to the emergence of innovative therapeutic approaches in the area of PAH. In this review, we provide an overview of the current FDA-approved therapies in PAH and discuss the associated clinical trials and reported-side effects. As recent studies have led to the emergence of innovative therapeutic approaches in the area of PAH, we also focus on the latest promising therapies in preclinical studies such as stem cell-based therapies, gene transfer, and epigenetic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Bisserier
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Natasha Pradhan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lahouaria Hadri
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Yang Y, Lin F, Xiao Z, Sun B, Wei Z, Liu B, Xue L, Xiong C. Investigational pharmacotherapy and immunotherapy of pulmonary arterial hypertension: An update. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110355. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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18
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Li J, Wang L, Luo J, Li H, Rao P, Cheng Y, Wang X, Huang C. Optical capture and defibrillation in rats with monocrotaline-induced myocardial fibrosis 1 year after a single intravenous injection of adeno-associated virus channelrhodopsin-2. Heart Rhythm 2020; 18:109-117. [PMID: 32781160 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optogenetics uses light to regulate cardiac rhythms and terminate malignant arrhythmias. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term validity of optical capture properties based on virus-transfected channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) and evaluate the effects of optogenetic-based defibrillation in an in vivo rat model of myocardial fibrosis enhanced by monocrotaline (MCT). METHODS Fifteen infant rats received jugular vein injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV). After 8 weeks, 5 rats were randomly selected to verify the effectiveness ChR2 transfection. The remaining rats were administered MCT at 11 months. Four weeks after MCT, the availability of 473-nm blue light to capture heart rhythm in these rats was verified again. Ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) were induced by burst stimulation on the basis of enhanced myocardial fibrosis, and the termination effects of the optical manipulation were tested. RESULTS Eight weeks after AAV injection, there was ChR2 expression throughout the ventricular myocardium as reflected by both fluorescence imaging and optical pacing. Four weeks after MCT, significant myocardial fibrosis was achieved. Light could still trigger the corresponding ectopic heart rhythm, and the pulse width and illumination area could affect the light capture rate. VT/VF was induced successfully in 1-year-observation rats, and the rate of termination of VT/VF under light was much higher than that of spontaneous termination. CONCLUSION Viral ChR2 transfection can play a long-term role in the rat heart, and light can successfully regulate heart rhythm and defibrillate after cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junmiao Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Li
- Department of Cardiology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Panpan Rao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Congxin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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Bisserier M, Hadri L. Lung-targeted SERCA2a Gene Therapy: From Discovery to Therapeutic Application in Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. JOURNAL OF CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 2:149-156. [PMID: 32587955 PMCID: PMC7316402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial lung disease characterized by an accumulation of scar tissue within the lungs and the common presence of usual interstitial pneumonia. Unfortunately, only a few FDA-approved therapeutic options are currently available for the treatment of IPF and IPF remains associated with poor prognosis. Therefore, the identification of new pharmacological targets and strategies are critical for the treatment of IPF. This commentary aims to further discuss the role of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2a and its downstream signaling in IPF. Finally, this commentary offers new insights and perspectives regarding the therapeutic potential of AAV-mediated SERCA2A gene therapy as an emerging therapy for respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lahouaria Hadri
- Correspondence should be addressed to Lahouaria Hadri, PhD, Cardiovascular Research Center, Box 1030, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029;
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20
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Pathophysiology of Calcium Mediated Ventricular Arrhythmias and Novel Therapeutic Options with Focus on Gene Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215304. [PMID: 31653119 PMCID: PMC6862059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias constitute a major health problem with a huge impact on mortality rates and health care costs. Despite ongoing research efforts, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms and processes responsible for arrhythmogenesis remains incomplete. Given the crucial role of Ca2+-handling in action potential generation and cardiac contraction, Ca2+ channels and Ca2+ handling proteins represent promising targets for suppression of ventricular arrhythmias. Accordingly, we report the different roles of Ca2+-handling in the development of congenital as well as acquired ventricular arrhythmia syndromes. We highlight the therapeutic potential of gene therapy as a novel and innovative approach for future arrhythmia therapy. Furthermore, we discuss various promising cellular and mitochondrial targets for therapeutic gene transfer currently under investigation.
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21
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Oh JG, Jang SP, Yoo J, Lee MA, Lee SH, Lim T, Jeong E, Kho C, Kook H, Hajjar RJ, Park WJ, Jeong D. Role of the PRC2-Six1-miR-25 signaling axis in heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 129:58-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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