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Kang JH, Kawano T, Murata M, Toita R. Vascular calcification and cellular signaling pathways as potential therapeutic targets. Life Sci 2024; 336:122309. [PMID: 38042282 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Increased vascular calcification (VC) is observed in patients with cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. VC is divided into three types according to its location: intimal, medial, and valvular. Various cellular signaling pathways are associated with VC, including the Wnt, mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt, cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C, calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin, Ras homologous GTPase, apoptosis, Notch, and cytokine signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss the literature concerning the key cellular signaling pathways associated with VC and their role as potential therapeutic targets. Inhibitors to these pathways represent good candidates for use as potential therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hun Kang
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Shinmachi, Kishibe, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan.
| | - Takahito Kawano
- Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masaharu Murata
- Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Riki Toita
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, 563-8577, Japan; AIST-Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, AIST, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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2
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Pirruccello JP, Rämö JT, Choi SH, Chaffin MD, Kany S, Nekoui M, Chou EL, Jurgens SJ, Friedman SF, Juric D, Stone JR, Batra P, Ng K, Philippakis AA, Lindsay ME, Ellinor PT. The Genetic Determinants of Aortic Distention. J Am Coll Cardiol 2023; 81:1320-1335. [PMID: 37019578 PMCID: PMC11246604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the largest conduit vessel, the aorta is responsible for the conversion of phasic systolic inflow from ventricular ejection into more continuous peripheral blood delivery. Systolic distention and diastolic recoil conserve energy and are enabled by the specialized composition of the aortic extracellular matrix. Aortic distensibility decreases with age and vascular disease. OBJECTIVES In this study, we sought to discover epidemiologic correlates and genetic determinants of aortic distensibility and strain. METHODS We trained a deep learning model to quantify thoracic aortic area throughout the cardiac cycle from cardiac magnetic resonance images and calculated aortic distensibility and strain in 42,342 UK Biobank participants. RESULTS Descending aortic distensibility was inversely associated with future incidence of cardiovascular diseases, such as stroke (HR: 0.59 per SD; P = 0.00031). The heritabilities of aortic distensibility and strain were 22% to 25% and 30% to 33%, respectively. Common variant analyses identified 12 and 26 loci for ascending and 11 and 21 loci for descending aortic distensibility and strain, respectively. Of the newly identified loci, 22 were not significantly associated with thoracic aortic diameter. Nearby genes were involved in elastogenesis and atherosclerosis. Aortic strain and distensibility polygenic scores had modest effect sizes for predicting cardiovascular outcomes (delaying or accelerating disease onset by 2%-18% per SD change in scores) and remained statistically significant predictors after accounting for aortic diameter polygenic scores. CONCLUSIONS Genetic determinants of aortic function influence risk for stroke and coronary artery disease and may lead to novel targets for medical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Pirruccello
- Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Joel T Rämö
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seung Hoan Choi
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark D Chaffin
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shinwan Kany
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mahan Nekoui
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Chou
- Smidt Heart Institute, Division of Vascular Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sean J Jurgens
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Samuel F Friedman
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Data Sciences Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dejan Juric
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James R Stone
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Puneet Batra
- Data Sciences Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kenney Ng
- IBM Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anthony A Philippakis
- Eric and Wendy Schmidt Center, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark E Lindsay
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Thoracic Aortic Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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3
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Xiao Q, Tang Y, Luo H, Chen S, Chen R, Yan Z, Pu L, Wang L, Li G, Li Y. Sclerostin is involved in osteogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells in chronic kidney disease-associated vascular calcification with non-canonical Wnt signaling. Ren Fail 2022; 44:1426-1442. [PMID: 36017689 PMCID: PMC9423850 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2114370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is prominent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is a strong predictor of cardiovascular mortality in the CKD population. However, the mechanism underlying CKD-associated vascular calcification remains unclear. To identify potential therapeutic targets, a 5/6 nephrectomy rat model was established by feeding of a high-phosphorous diet as the CKD group and compared with sham group rats at 4 and 16 weeks. Sequencing analyses of the rat aorta revealed 643 upregulated and 1023 downregulated genes at 4 weeks, as well as 899 upregulated and 1185 downregulated genes at 16 weeks in the CKD group compared to the sham group. Bioinformatics analyses suggested that SOST (which encodes sclerostin) and Wnt signaling are involved in CKD-associated vascular calcification. Furthermore, protein-protein interactions analysis revealed interactions between SOST, WNT5A, and WNT5B, that involved runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and transgelin (TAGLN). SOST was increased in CKD-associated vascular calcification following reduction of the Wnt signaling, including WNT5A and WNT5B, both in vivo and in vitro. TargetScan was used to predict the microRNAs (miRNAs) targeting WNT5A and WNT5B. The expression levels of miR-542-3p, miR-298-3p, miR-376b-5p, and miR-3568 were significantly reduced, whereas that of miR-742-3p was significantly increased in calcified rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In CKD rat aortas, the expression of miR-542-3p, miR-298-3p, miR-376b-5p, miR-3568, miR-742-3p, and miR-22-5p were significantly reduced at both 4 and 16 weeks. Altogether, owing to several assessments, potentially diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for improving common CKD diagnostic tools were identified in this study. Abbreviations: BUN: blood urea nitrogen; CKD: chronic kidney disease; CKD-MBD: chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GO: the Gene Ontology; HE: hematoxylin-eosin; HRP: horseradish peroxidase; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; MiRNAs: microRNAs; PAS: periodic acid-Schiff; RUNX2: runt-related transcription factor 2; SCr: serum creatinine; STRING: the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins; TAGLN: transgelin; VSMC: vascular smooth muscle cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, PR China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yun Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Haojun Luo
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, PR China.,Department of Palliative Medicine, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Sipei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zhe Yan
- College of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, PR China
| | - Lei Pu
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Guisen Li
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, PR China
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Rui S, Kubota T, Ohata Y, Yamamoto K, Fujiwara M, Takeyari S, Ozono K. Phosphate promotes osteogenic differentiation through non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway in human mesenchymal stem cells. Bone 2022; 164:116525. [PMID: 35987514 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphate is indispensable in osteogenesis and mineralization. However, mechanisms by which phosphate enhances osteogenic differentiation are not fully understood. In this study, we studied the effect of phosphate on osteogenic differentiation as well as signaling pathways induced by phosphate in the process. METHOD Induced human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells differentiation into osteoblasts by the change of media containing β-glycerophosphate (GP), 1 mM inorganic phosphate, or 3 mM inorganic phosphate (Pi). The differentiation of osteoblasts was verified by the expression of osteoblast differentiation markers and calcium deposition. RNA sequencing was performed to assess transcriptome in the early stage of osteogenic differentiation. RESULTS Osteogenic differentiation and mineralization were promoted in the 3 mM Pi group compared to those in the GP and 1 mM Pi groups on day 7 of culture. RNA sequencing revealed that the gene expressions involved in osteogenesis and the components in the Wnt signaling pathway was increased in 3 mM Pi group compared with those in the GP on day 7. Analysis with qPCR and Western blot suggested upregulation of components in the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway, including WNT5b and phosphorylated-c-Jun in the 3 mM Pi group on day 7. WNT11 mRNA expression was increased in the 2 induction groups on day 7. Inhibition of WNT5b by siRNA experiment attenuated the components in non-canonical Wnt signaling expression, including WNT5b, WNT11 and ROR2 mRNA expression and phosphorylated-c-Jun protein expression. In addition, osteogenic differentiation and mineralization were partly decreased in 3 mM Pi group on day 7 by the inhibition of WNT5b. CONCLUSION Pi promoted osteogenic differentiation through the up-regulation of the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway, including WNT5b, WNT11, p-c-Jun/c-Jun, in the early stage of differentiation. These findings provide a new perspective into the association of Pi and the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway during osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Rui
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuo Kubota
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yasuhisa Ohata
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Fujiwara
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; The 1st. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinji Takeyari
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ozono
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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5
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Ren SC, Mao N, Yi S, Ma X, Zou JQ, Tang X, Fan JM. Vascular Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease: An Update and Perspective. Aging Dis 2022; 13:673-697. [PMID: 35656113 PMCID: PMC9116919 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is a devastating condition resulting from irreversible loss of nephron numbers and function and leading to end-stage renal disease and mineral disorders. Vascular calcification, an ectopic deposition of calcium-phosphate salts in blood vessel walls and heart valves, is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in chronic kidney disease. Moreover, aging and related metabolic disorders are essential risk factors for chronic kidney disease and vascular calcification. Marked progress has been recently made in understanding and treating vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease. However, there is a paucity of systematic reviews summarizing this progress, and investigating unresolved issues is warranted. In this systematic review, we aimed to overview the underlying mechanisms of vascular calcification in chronic kidney diseases and discuss the impact of chronic kidney disease on the pathophysiology of vascular calcification. Additionally, we summarized potential clinical diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic applications for vascular calcification with chronic kidney disease. This review may offer new insights into the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic intervention of vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Chong Ren
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
- Center for Translational Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Nan Mao
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
| | - Si Yi
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xin Ma
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jia-Qiong Zou
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun-Ming Fan
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
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6
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Zhang D, Wu J, Zhang S, Wu J. Identification of Immune Infiltration-Related ceRNAs as Novel Biomarkers for Prognosis of Patients With Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:838220. [PMID: 35692841 PMCID: PMC9184720 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.838220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness globally; hence, relevant clinical biomarkers are necessary to enable diagnosis, early detection, and development of novel therapies. The differentially expressed genes were annotated and visualized using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia. In addition, a competitive endogenous ribonucleic acids network was constructed using Cytoscape, which explained the regulation of gene expression in glaucoma. The CIBERSORT algorithm was employed to analyze the immune microenvironment. We validated that the core genes could predict glaucoma occurrence and development and identified potential molecular mechanism pathways, which were associated with immune infiltration and participated in endogenous regulation networks. Our data may partially explain the pathogenesis of glaucoma and they provide potential theoretical support for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daowei Zhang
- Eye and ENT Hospital, College of Medicine, Eye Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawen Wu
- Eye and ENT Hospital, College of Medicine, Eye Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenghai Zhang
- Eye and ENT Hospital, College of Medicine, Eye Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Shenghai Zhang, ; Jihong Wu,
| | - Jihong Wu
- Eye and ENT Hospital, College of Medicine, Eye Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Shenghai Zhang, ; Jihong Wu,
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7
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Xiao Q, Tang Y, Xia J, Luo H, Yu M, Chen S, Wang W, Pu L, Wang L, Li G, Li Y. Ubiquitin-specific protease 47 is associated with vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease by regulating osteogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Ren Fail 2022; 44:752-766. [PMID: 35509185 PMCID: PMC9090392 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2072337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has recently become a serious health and social concern. Vascular calcification, a common complication of CKD, is a risk factor that increases the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular events in patients with CKD. However, there are currently no effective therapeutic targets that can facilitate treatment with fewer side effects for vascular calcification in CKD. To identify potential therapeutic targets, we performed label-free quantification (LFQ) analyses of protein samples from rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (RASMCs) after high-phosphorus treatment by nano-UPLC-MS/MS. We determined that ubiquitin-specific protease 47 (USP47) may be associated with CKD vascular calcification by regulating the osteogenic transdifferentiation of the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype, thus suggesting a novel and potentially effective therapeutic target for CKD vascular calcification. USP47 knockdown significantly reduced the expression of β-transducin repeat-containing protein (BTRC), serine/threonine-protein kinase akt-1 (AKT1), Klotho, fibroblast growth factor (FGF23), and matrix Gla protein (MGP) in RASMCs after high-phosphorus treatment. Consistent with the results of protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses, USP47 may be involved in regulating osteogenic transdifferentiation markers, such as runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), Klotho, FGF23, and MGP through the BTRC/AKT1 pathway upon CKD vascular calcification. These data indicate that USP47 may be associated with vascular calcification in CKD by regulating osteogenic differentiation of VSMCs. USP47 may regulate osteogenic transdifferentiation in VSMCs upon CKD vascular calcification through a process involving the BTRC/AKT1 pathway. This study identified a novel potential therapeutic target for the treatment of vascular calcification in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Juhua Xia
- Jintang First People's Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haojun Luo
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Meidie Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Sipei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Pu
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guisen Li
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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8
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Shi C, Tan J, Lu J, Huang J, Li X, Xu J, Wang X. MicroRNA-17-5p promotes vascular calcification by targeting ANKH. Curr Neurovasc Res 2022; 19:108-116. [PMID: 35297350 DOI: 10.2174/1567202619666220316115425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) may participate in the process of vascular calcification. However, the role of microRNA-17-5p in vascular calcification has not been clarified. In this study, we showed the effects of microRNA-17-5p on vascular calcification. MATERIALS AND METHODS Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were transfected with miR-17-5p mimics, an miR-17-5p inhibitor or a negative control (NC) using Lipofectamine 2000. Then the cells were induced by an osteogenic medium. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization were determined. Osteocalcin (OC), bone morphogenetic protein 2(BMP-2), Col1agren Ia (Colla), Runx2 and ankylosis protein homolog (ANKH) gene expressions were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Vascular calcification was developed using a renal failure model. RESULTS The ALP activity was increased when miR-17-5p mimics were transfected, whereas the miR-17-5p inhibitor reduced ALP activity (p < 0.05). The number and average area of mineral node in miR-17-5p mimics group were larger than those in corresponding control and NC groups (p < 0.05). The number and average area of the mineral nodes in the miR-17-5p inhibitor group were smaller than those in corresponding control and NC groups (p < 0.05). Bmp2, OC, Col1a and Runx2 were higher in the miR-17-5p mimics group compared to those in the control and NC groups. ANKH expression was decreased in VSMCs with the miR-17-5p mimics and increased in VSMCs with miR-17-5p inhibitor. ANKH siRNA intervention also promoted mineralization. The miR-17-5p expression was upregulated and ANKH was down-regulated in the aortic arteries with calcification. CONCLUSION Our data showed that miR-17-5p may promote vascular calcification by inhibiting ANKH expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135,China
| | - Jiaorong Tan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Putuo People's Hospital, Shanghai 200060,China
| | - Jiancan Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135,China
| | - Junling Huang
- Emergency department of Internal Medicine, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135,China
| | - Xiangqi Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135,China
| | - Jiahong Xu
- Department of Cardiology,Tongji Hospital,Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135,China
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9
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Maulding ND, Kavanagh D, Zimmerman K, Coppola G, Carpenter TO, Jue NK, Braddock DT. Genetic pathways disrupted by ENPP1 deficiency provide insight into mechanisms of osteoporosis, osteomalacia, and paradoxical mineralization. Bone 2021; 142:115656. [PMID: 32980560 PMCID: PMC7744330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ectonucleotide phosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) deficiency results in either lethal arterial calcifications ('Generalized Arterial Calcification of Infancy' - GACI), phosphate wasting rickets ('Autosomal Recessive Hypophosphatemic Rickets type 2' - ARHR2), early onset osteoporosis, or progressive spinal rigidity ('Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament' - OPLL). As ENPP1 generates a strong endogenous mineralization inhibitor - extracellular pyrophosphate (PPi) - ENPP1 deficiency should not result in reduced bone volume, and therefore the mechanism ENPP1 associated osteoporosis is not apparent given current understanding of the enzyme's function. To investigate genetic pathways driving the skeletal phenotype of ENPP1 deficiency we compared gene expression in Enpp1asj/asj mice and WT sibling pairs by RNAseq and qPCR in whole bones, and in the liver and kidney by qPCR, directly correlating gene expression with measures of bone microarchitectural and biomechanical phenotypes. Unbiased analysis of the differentially expressed genes compared to relevant human disease phenotypes revealed that Enpp1asj/asj mice exhibit strong signatures of osteoporosis, ARHR2 and OPLL. We found that ENPP1 deficient mice exhibited reduced gene transcription of Wnt ligands in whole bone and increased transcription of soluble Wnt inhibitors in the liver and kidney, suggestive of multiorgan inhibition of Wnt activity. Consistent with Wnt suppression in bone, Collagen gene pathways in bone were significantly decreased and Fgf23 was significantly increased, all of which directly correlated with bone microarchitectural defects and fracture risk in Enpp1asj/asj mice. Moreover, the bone findings in 10-week old mice correlated with Enpp1 transcript counts but not plasma [PPi], suggesting that the skeletal phenotype at 10 weeks is driven by catalytically independent ENPP1 function. In contrast, the bone findings in 23-week Enpp1asj/asj mice strongly correlated with plasma PPi, suggesting that chronically low PPi drives the skeletal phenotype in older mice. Finally, correlation between Enpp1 and Fgf23 transcription suggested ENPP1 regulation of Fgf23, which we confirmed by dosing Enpp1asj/asj mice with soluble ENPP1-Fc and observing suppression of intact plasma FGF23 and ALP. In summary, our findings suggest that osteoporosis associated with ENPP1 deficiency involves the suppression of Wnt via catalytically independent Enpp1 pathways, and validates Enpp1asj/asj mice as tools to better understand OPLL and Paradoxical Mineralization Disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Maulding
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Dillon Kavanagh
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Kristin Zimmerman
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Gianfilippo Coppola
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Thomas O Carpenter
- Department of Pediatrics at Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Nathaniel K Jue
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, California State University, Monterey Bay, CA, USA.
| | - Demetrios T Braddock
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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10
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Laurain A, Rubera I, Duranton C, Rutsch F, Nitschke Y, Ray E, Vido S, Sicard A, Lefthériotis G, Favre G. Alkaline Phosphatases Account for Low Plasma Levels of Inorganic Pyrophosphate in Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:586831. [PMID: 33425894 PMCID: PMC7793922 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.586831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Patients on dialysis and kidney transplant recipients (KTR) present the syndrome of mineral and bone disorders (MBD), which share common traits with monogenic calcifying diseases related to disturbances of the purinergic system. Low plasma levels of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) and ectopic vascular calcifications belong to these two conditions. This suggests that the purinergic system may be altered in chronic kidney disease with MBD. Therefore, we perform a transversal pilot study in order to compare the determinants of PPi homeostasis and the plasma levels of PPi in patients on dialysis, in KTR and in healthy people. Patients and Methods We included 10 controls, 10 patients on maintenance dialysis, 10 early KTR 3 ± 1 months after transplantation and nine late KTR 24 ± 3 months after transplantation. We measured aortic calcifications, plasma and urine levels of PPi, the renal fractional excretion of PPi (FePPi), nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase (NPP) and ALP activities in plasma. Correlations and comparisons were assessed with non-parametric tests. Results Low PPi was found in patients on dialysis [1.11 (0.88–1.35), p = 0.004], in early KTR [0.91 (0.66–0.98), p = 0.0003] and in late KTR [1.16 (1.07–1.45), p = 0.02] compared to controls [1.66 (1.31–1.72) μmol/L]. Arterial calcifications were higher in patients on dialysis than in controls [9 (1–75) vs. 399 (25–526) calcium score/cm2, p < 0.05]. ALP activity was augmented in patients on dialysis [113 (74–160), p = 0.01] and in early KTR [120 (84–142), p = 0.002] compared to controls [64 (56–70) UI/L]. The activity of NPP and FePPi were not different between groups. ALP activity was negatively correlated with PPi (r = −0.49, p = 0.001). Discussion Patients on dialysis and KTR have low plasma levels of PPi, which are partly related to high ALP activity, but neither to low NPP activity, nor to increased renal excretion of PPi. Further work is necessary to explore comprehensively the purinergic system in chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Laurain
- Faculty of Medicine, Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France.,UMR 7073, Laboratory of Physiology and Molecular Medicine (LP2M), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Nice, France.,Nephrology Department, University Hospital, Nice, France
| | - Isabelle Rubera
- UMR 7073, Laboratory of Physiology and Molecular Medicine (LP2M), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Nice, France
| | - Christophe Duranton
- UMR 7073, Laboratory of Physiology and Molecular Medicine (LP2M), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Nice, France
| | - Frank Rutsch
- Department of General Pediatrics, Muenster University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | - Yvonne Nitschke
- Department of General Pediatrics, Muenster University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | - Elodie Ray
- Department of Vascular Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital, Nice, France
| | - Sandor Vido
- Nephrology Department, University Hospital, Nice, France
| | - Antoine Sicard
- Faculty of Medicine, Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France.,Nephrology Department, University Hospital, Nice, France
| | - Georges Lefthériotis
- Faculty of Medicine, Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France.,UMR 7073, Laboratory of Physiology and Molecular Medicine (LP2M), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Nice, France.,Department of Vascular Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital, Nice, France
| | - Guillaume Favre
- Faculty of Medicine, Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France.,UMR 7073, Laboratory of Physiology and Molecular Medicine (LP2M), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Nice, France.,Nephrology Department, University Hospital, Nice, France
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11
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Foury A, Collin A, Helbling JC, Leterrier C, Moisan MP, Guilloteau LA. Spontaneous intake of essential oils after a negative postnatal experience has long-term effects on blood transcriptome in chickens. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20702. [PMID: 33244117 PMCID: PMC7691513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77732-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicks subjected to early stressful factors could develop long-lasting effects on their performances, welfare and health. Free access to essential oils (EO) in poultry farming could mitigate these effects and potentially reduce use of antimicrobial drugs. This study on chicken analyzed long-lasting effects of post-hatch adverse conditions (Delayed group), and the impact of EO intake on blood physiological parameters and transcriptome. Half of the Control and Delayed groups had free access to EO, while the other half had only water for the first 13 days post-hatching. Blood analyses of metabolites, inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers, and mRNA expression showed sex differences. Long-lasting effects of postnatal experience and EO intake persisted in blood transcriptome at D34. The early adverse conditions modified 68 genes in males and 83 genes in females. In Delayed males six transcription factors were over-represented (NFE2L2, MEF2A, FOXI1, Foxd3, Sox2 and TEAD1). In females only one factor was over-represented (PLAG1) and four under-represented (NFIL3, Foxd3, ESR2 and TAL1::TCF3). The genes showing modified expression are involved in oxidative stress, growth, bone metabolism and reproduction. Remarkably, spontaneous EO intake restored the expression levels of some genes affected by the postnatal adverse conditions suggesting a mitigating effect of EO intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Foury
- INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, University Bordeaux, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne Collin
- INRAE, Université de Tours, BOA, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | | | | | - Marie-Pierre Moisan
- INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, University Bordeaux, 33076, Bordeaux, France
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12
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Zununi Vahed S, Mostafavi S, Hosseiniyan Khatibi SM, Shoja MM, Ardalan M. Vascular Calcification: An Important Understanding in Nephrology. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2020; 16:167-180. [PMID: 32494148 PMCID: PMC7229867 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s242685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is a life-threatening state in chronic kidney disease (CKD). High cardiovascular mortality and morbidity of CKD cases may root from medial VC promoted by hyperphosphatemia. Vascular calcification is an active, highly regulated, and complex biological process that is mediated by genetics, epigenetics, dysregulated form of matrix mineral metabolism, hormones, and the activation of cellular signaling pathways. Moreover, gut microbiome as a source of uremic toxins (eg, phosphate, advanced glycation end products and indoxyl-sulfate) can be regarded as a potential contributor to VC in CKD. Here, an update on different cellular and molecular processes involved in VC in CKD is discussed to elucidate the probable therapeutic pathways in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soroush Mostafavi
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammadali M Shoja
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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13
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Zhao F, Wu Y, Yang W, Wu D, Wang C, Zhang F. Inhibition of vascular calcification by microRNA-155-5p is accompanied by the inactivation of TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151551. [PMID: 32345535 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is a vital factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Accumulating data suggest that microRNA (miR) is implicated in the VC. The main purpose of this study is to study the influence of miR-155-5p overexpression on VC development in vitro and in vivo. Immunofluorescence staining, real-time PCR, alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, western blot, luciferase assay, hematoxylin-eosin (HE), Masson's trichrome staining, and calcium content assay were used in this research. The results showed that miR-155-5p was decreased in the rat vascular smooth muscle cells (rVSMCs) undergoing calcification in vitro. MiR-155-5p overexpression reversed the increase of calcification and ALP activity in calcified cells. Further, overexpression of miR-155-5p inhibited the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad2/3 signaling pathway, as evidenced by decreased protein expression of TGF-β1, pSmad-2 and pSmad-3 in rVSMCs. MiR-155-5p was showed to target Smad2 directly. Moreover, miR-155-5p upregulation reduced vascular thickening, fibrosis and calcium content of aorta abdominalis in CaCl2-mediated VC model. Collectively, our results suggest that miR-155-5p overexpression may inhibit VC development through suppressing TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro, indicating that miR-155-5p may act as a potential therapeutic target for VC-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fali Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengmin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150086, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Orriss IR. Extracellular pyrophosphate: The body's "water softener". Bone 2020; 134:115243. [PMID: 31954851 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular pyrophosphate (ePPi) was first identified as a key endogenous inhibitor of mineralisation in the 1960's by Fleisch and colleagues. The main source of ePPi seems to be extracellular ATP which is continually released from cells in a controlled way. ATP is rapidly broken down by enzymes including ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases to produce ePPi. The major function of ePPi is to directly inhibit hydroxyapatite formation and growth meaning that this simple molecule acts as the body's own "water softener". However, studies have also shown that ePPi can influence gene expression and regulate its own production and breakdown. This review will summarise our current knowledge of ePPi metabolism and how it acts to prevent pathological soft tissue calcification and regulate physiological bone mineralisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel R Orriss
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK.
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