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Yin L, Zhou Y, Ding N, Fang Y. Recent Advances in Metabolic Engineering for the Biosynthesis of Phosphoenol Pyruvate-Oxaloacetate-Pyruvate-Derived Amino Acids. Molecules 2024; 29:2893. [PMID: 38930958 PMCID: PMC11206799 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The phosphoenol pyruvate-oxaloacetate-pyruvate-derived amino acids (POP-AAs) comprise native intermediates in cellular metabolism, within which the phosphoenol pyruvate-oxaloacetate-pyruvate (POP) node is the switch point among the major metabolic pathways existing in most living organisms. POP-AAs have widespread applications in the nutrition, food, and pharmaceutical industries. These amino acids have been predominantly produced in Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum through microbial fermentation. With the rapid increase in market requirements, along with the global food shortage situation, the industrial production capacity of these two bacteria has encountered two bottlenecks: low product conversion efficiency and high cost of raw materials. Aiming to push forward the update and upgrade of engineered strains with higher yield and productivity, this paper presents a comprehensive summarization of the fundamental strategy of metabolic engineering techniques around phosphoenol pyruvate-oxaloacetate-pyruvate node for POP-AA production, including L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine, L-phenylalanine, L-valine, L-lysine, L-threonine, and L-isoleucine. Novel heterologous routes and regulation methods regarding the carbon flux redistribution in the POP node and the formation of amino acids should be taken into consideration to improve POP-AA production to approach maximum theoretical values. Furthermore, an outlook for future strategies of low-cost feedstock and energy utilization for developing amino acid overproducers is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (L.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yanan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (L.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Nana Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (L.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (L.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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Wang L, Yao J, Tu T, Yao B, Zhang J. Heterotrophic and autotrophic production of L-isoleucine and L-valine by engineered Cupriavidus necator H16. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 398:130538. [PMID: 38452952 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Advancement in commodity chemical production from carbon dioxide (CO2) offers a promising path towards sustainable development goal. Cupriavidus necator is an ideal host to convert CO2 into high-value chemicals, thereby achieving this target. Here, C. necator was engineered for heterotrophic and autotrophic production of L-isoleucine and L-valine. Citramalate synthase was introduced to simplify isoleucine synthesis pathway. Blocking poly-hydroxybutyrate biosynthesis resulted in significant accumulation of isoleucine and valine. Besides, strategies like key enzymes screening and overexpressing, reducing power balancing and feedback inhibition removing were applied in strain modification. Finally, the maximum isoleucine and valine titers of the best isoleucine-producing and valine-producing strains reached 857 and 972 mg/L, respectively, in fed-batch fermentation using glucose as substrate, and 105 and 319 mg/L, respectively, in autotrophic fermentation using CO2 as substrate. This study provides a feasible solution for developing C. necator as a microbial factory to produce amino acids from CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Tao Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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3
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Hao Y, Pan X, You J, Li G, Xu M, Rao Z. Microbial production of branched chain amino acids: Advances and perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 397:130502. [PMID: 38417463 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) such as L-valine, L-leucine, and L-isoleucine are widely used in food and feed. To comply with sustainable development goals, commercial production of BCAAs has been completely replaced with microbial fermentation. However, the efficient production of BCAAs by microorganisms remains a serious challenge due to their staggered metabolic networks and cell growth. To overcome these difficulties, systemic metabolic engineering has emerged as an effective and feasible strategy for the biosynthesis of BCAA. This review firstly summarizes the research advances in the microbial synthesis of BCAAs and representative engineering strategies. Second, systematic methods, such as high-throughput screening, adaptive laboratory evolution, and omics analysis, can be used to analyses the synthesis of BCAAs at the whole-cell level and further improve the titer of target chemicals. Finally, new tools and engineering strategies that may increase the production output and development direction of the microbial production of BCAAs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Hao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xuewei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jiajia You
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guomin Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Meijuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhiming Rao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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4
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Yin L, Xi D, Shen Y, Ding N, Shao Q, Qian Y, Fang Y. Rewiring Metabolic Flux in Corynebacterium glutamicum Using a CRISPR/dCpf1-Based Bifunctional Regulation System. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3077-3087. [PMID: 38303604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum, a microorganism classified as generally recognized as safe for use in the industrial production of food raw materials and additives, has encountered challenges in achieving widespread adoption and popularization as microbial cell factories. These obstacles arise from the intricate nature of manipulating metabolic flux through conventional methods, such as gene knockout and enzyme overexpression. To address this challenge, we developed a CRISPR/dCpf1-based bifunctional regulation system to bidirectionally regulate the expression of multiple genes in C. glutamicum. Specifically, through fusing various transcription factors to the C-terminus of dCpf1, the resulting dCpf1-SoxS exhibited both CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) and CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) capabilities in C. glutamicum by altering the binding sites of crRNAs. The bifunctional regulation system was used to fine-tune metabolic flux from shikimic acid (SA) and l-serine biosynthesis, resulting in 27-fold and 10-fold increases in SA and l-serine production, respectively, compared to the original strain. These findings highlight the potential of the CRISPR/dCpf1-based bifunctional regulation system in effectively enhancing the yield of target products in C. glutamicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Dandan Xi
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yuefeng Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Nana Ding
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Qingsong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yongchang Qian
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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Wang Y, Bai Y, Zeng Q, Jiang Z, Liu Y, Wang X, Liu X, Liu C, Min W. Recent advances in the metabolic engineering and physiological opportunities for microbial synthesis of L-aspartic acid family amino acids: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126916. [PMID: 37716660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
L-aspartic acid, L-threonine, L-isoleucine, l-lysine, and L-methionine constitute the l-aspartate amino acids (AFAAs). Except for L-aspartic acid, these are essential amino acids that cannot be synthesized by humans or animals themselves. E. coli and C. glutamicum are the main model organisms for AFAA production. It is necessary to reconstitute microbial cell factories and the physiological state of industrial fermentation cells for in-depth research into strains with higher AFAA production levels and optimal growth states. Considering that the anabolic pathways of the AFAAs and engineering modifications have rarely been reviewed in the latest progress, this work reviews the central metabolic pathways of two strains and strategies for the metabolic engineering of AFAA synthetic pathways. The challenges posed by microbial physiology in AFAA production and possible strategies to address them, as well as future research directions for constructing strains with high AFAA production levels, are discussed in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Yunlong Bai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Qi Zeng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Zeyuan Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Yuzhe Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Xiyan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Xiaoting Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Chunlei Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China.
| | - Weihong Min
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China.
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6
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Li H, Xu D, Zhang D, Tan X, Huang D, Ma W, Zhao G, Li Y, Liu Z, Wang Y, Hu X, Wang X. Improve L-isoleucine production in Corynebacterium glutamicum WM001 by destructing the biosynthesis of trehalose dicorynomycolate. Microbiol Res 2023; 272:127390. [PMID: 37087971 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose dicorynomycolates are structurally important constituents of the cell envelope in Corynebacterium glutamicum. The genes treS, treY, otsA, mytA and mytB are necessary for the biosynthesis of trehalose dicorynomycolates. In this study, the effect of biosynthesis of trehalose dicorynomycolates on L-isoleucine production in C. glutamicum has been investigated by deleting the genes treS, treY, otsA, mytA, and mytB in the L-isoleucine producing C. glutamicum WM001. L-isoleucine production was slightly improved in the mutants ΔtreY, ΔotsA, and ΔtreYA, and not improved in the single deletion mutant ΔtreS , but significantly improved in the triple deletion mutant ΔtreSYA. Deletion of mytA or mytB in ΔtreSYA could further improve L-isoleucine production. However, deletion of both mytA and mytB in ΔtreSYA significantly decreased L-isoleucine production. The final L-isoleucine producing C. glutamicum WL001 was constructed by deletion of treS, treY, otsA, and mytB, insertion of lrp, and replacement of the native promoter of ilvA with the L-isoleucine sensitive promoter PbrnFE7. WL001 grew worse than the control WM001, but produced 36.1% more L-isoleucine after 72 h shake flask cultivation than WM001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Daqing Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Dezhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Danyang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wenjian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ziwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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7
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Li N, Shan X, Zhou J, Yu S. Identification of key genes through the constructed CRISPR-dcas9 to facilitate the efficient production of O-acetylhomoserine in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:978686. [PMID: 36185436 PMCID: PMC9515461 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.978686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
O-Acetylhomoserine (OAH) is an important platform chemical for the synthesis of L-methamidophos and l-methionine. It has been produced efficiently in Corynebacterium glutamicum. However, a wider range of key factors had not been identified, limiting further increases in OAH production. This study successfully identified some limiting factors and regulated them to improve OAH titer. Firstly, an efficient clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/dead CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR-dCas9) system was constructed and used to identify the key genes in central metabolism and branch pathways associated with OAH biosynthesis. Then, the gltA gene involved in TCA cycle was identified as the most critical gene. A sequential promoter PNCgl2698, which showed different transcriptional intensity in different strain growth periods, was used to control the expression of gltA gene, resulting in OAH production of 7.0 g/L at 48 h. Finally, the OAH titer of the engineered strain reached 25.9 g/L at 72 h in a 5-L bioreactor. These results show that the identification and regulation of key genes are critical for OAH biosynthesis, which would provide a better research basis for the industrial production of OAH in C. glutamicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shan
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shiqin Yu
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Shiqin Yu,
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Wei M, Li G, Xie H, Yang W, Xu H, Han S, Wang J, Meng Y, Xu Q, Li Y, Chen N, Zhang C. Sustainable production of 4-hydroxyisoleucine with minimised carbon loss by simultaneously utilising glucose and xylose in engineered Escherichia coli. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 354:127196. [PMID: 35460845 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
4-Hydroxyisoleucine is a promising drug for diabetes therapy; however, microbial production of 4-hydroxyisoleucine is not economically efficient because of the carbon loss in the form of CO2. This study aims to achieve de novo synthesis of 4-hydroxyisoleucine with minimised carbon loss in engineered Escherichia coli. Initially, an L-isoleucine-producing strain, ILE-5, was established, and the 4-hydroxyisoleucine synthesis pathway was introduced. The flux toward α-ketoglutarate was enhanced by reinforcing the anaplerotic pathway and disrupting competitive pathways. Subsequently, the metabolic flux for 4-hydroxyisoleucine synthesis was redistributed by dynamically modulating the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex activity, achieving a 4-hydroxyisoleucine production of 16.53 g/L. Finally, carbon loss was minimised by employing the Weimberg pathway, resulting in a 24.5% decrease in sugar consumption and a 31.6% yield increase. The 4-hydroxyisoleucine production by strain IEOH-11 reached 29.16 g/L in a 5-L fermenter. The 4-hydroxyisoleucine yield (0.29 mol/mol sugar) and productivity (0.91 g/(L⋅h)) were higher than those previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhua Wei
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Guirong Li
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Haixiao Xie
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Haoran Xu
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shibao Han
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Junzhe Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yan Meng
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qingyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Chenglin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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9
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Ohtake T, Kawase N, Pontrelli S, Nitta K, Laviña WA, Shen CR, Putri SP, Liao JC, Fukusaki E. Metabolomics-Driven Identification of the Rate-Limiting Steps in 1-Propanol Production. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:871624. [PMID: 35495658 PMCID: PMC9048197 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.871624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The concerted effort for bioproduction of higher alcohols and other commodity chemicals has yielded a consortium of metabolic engineering techniques to identify targets to enhance performance of engineered microbial strains. Here, we demonstrate the use of metabolomics as a tool to systematically identify targets for improved production phenotypes in Escherichia coli. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and ion-pair LC-MS/MS were performed to investigate metabolic perturbations in various 1-propanol producing strains. Two initial strains were compared that differ in the expression of the citramalate and threonine pathways, which hold a synergistic relationship to maximize production yields. While this results in increased productivity, no change in titer was observed when the threonine pathway was overexpressed beyond native levels. Metabolomics revealed accumulation of upstream byproducts, norvaline and 2-aminobutyrate, both of which are derived from 2-ketobutyrate (2KB). Eliminating the competing pathway by gene knockouts or improving flux through overexpression of glycolysis gene effectively increased the intracellular 2KB pool. However, the increase in 2KB intracellular concentration yielded decreased production titers, indicating toxicity caused by 2KB and an insufficient turnover rate of 2KB to 1-propanol. Optimization of alcohol dehydrogenase YqhD activity using an ribosome binding site (RBS) library improved 1-propanol titer (g/L) and yield (g/g of glucose) by 38 and 29% in 72 h compared to the base strain, respectively. This study demonstrates the use of metabolomics as a powerful tool to aid systematic strain improvement for metabolically engineered organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Ohtake
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Naoki Kawase
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Sammy Pontrelli
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katsuaki Nitta
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Walter A. Laviña
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Microbiology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Claire R. Shen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Sastia P. Putri
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Industrial Biotechnology Initiative Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Osaka University Shimadzu Omics Innovation Research Laboratories, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- *Correspondence: Sastia P. Putri,
| | - James C. Liao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Eiichiro Fukusaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Industrial Biotechnology Initiative Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Osaka University Shimadzu Omics Innovation Research Laboratories, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Eiichiro Fukusaki,
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10
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Yu S, Zheng B, Chen Z, Huo YX. Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for producing branched chain amino acids. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:230. [PMID: 34952576 PMCID: PMC8709942 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01721-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) are widely applied in the food, pharmaceutical, and animal feed industries. Traditional chemical synthetic and enzymatic BCAAs production in vitro has been hampered by expensive raw materials, harsh reaction conditions, and environmental pollution. Microbial metabolic engineering has attracted considerable attention as an alternative method for BCAAs biosynthesis because it is environmentally friendly and delivers high yield. Main text Corynebacterium glutamicum (C. glutamicum) possesses clear genetic background and mature gene manipulation toolbox, and has been utilized as industrial host for producing BCAAs. Acetohydroxy acid synthase (AHAS) is a crucial enzyme in the BCAAs biosynthetic pathway of C. glutamicum, but feedback inhibition is a disadvantage. We therefore reviewed AHAS modifications that relieve feedback inhibition and then investigated the importance of AHAS modifications in regulating production ratios of three BCAAs. We have comprehensively summarized and discussed metabolic engineering strategies to promote BCAAs synthesis in C. glutamicum and offer solutions to the barriers associated with BCAAs biosynthesis. We also considered the future applications of strains that could produce abundant amounts of BCAAs. Conclusions Branched chain amino acids have been synthesized by engineering the metabolism of C. glutamicum. Future investigations should focus on the feedback inhibition and/or transcription attenuation mechanisms of crucial enzymes. Enzymes with substrate specificity should be developed and applied to the production of individual BCAAs. The strategies used to construct strains producing BCAAs provide guidance for the biosynthesis of other high value-added compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhenya Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Yi-Xin Huo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
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11
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Zhang G, Ren X, Liang X, Wang Y, Feng D, Zhang Y, Xian M, Zou H. Improving the Microbial Production of Amino Acids: From Conventional Approaches to Recent Trends. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-020-0390-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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12
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Gao H, Tuyishime P, Zhang X, Yang T, Xu M, Rao Z. Engineering of microbial cells for L-valine production: challenges and opportunities. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:172. [PMID: 34461907 PMCID: PMC8406616 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01665-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
L-valine is an essential amino acid that has wide and expanding applications with a suspected growing market demand. Its applicability ranges from animal feed additive, ingredient in cosmetic and special nutrients in pharmaceutical and agriculture fields. Currently, fermentation with the aid of model organisms, is a major method for the production of L-valine. However, achieving the optimal production has often been limited because of the metabolic imbalance in recombinant strains. In this review, the constrains in L-valine biosynthesis are discussed first. Then, we summarize the current advances in engineering of microbial cell factories that have been developed to address and overcome major challenges in the L-valine production process. Future prospects for enhancing the current L-valine production strategies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Philibert Tuyishime
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Taowei Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meijuan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhiming Rao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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13
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L-valine production in Corynebacterium glutamicum based on systematic metabolic engineering: progress and prospects. Amino Acids 2021; 53:1301-1312. [PMID: 34401958 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03066-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
L-valine is an essential branched-chain amino acid that cannot be synthesized by the human body and has a wide range of applications in food, medicine and feed. Market demand has stimulated people's interest in the industrial production of L-valine. At present, the mutagenized or engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum is an effective microbial cell factory for producing L-valine. Because the biosynthetic pathway and metabolic network of L-valine are intricate and strictly regulated by a variety of key enzymes and genes, highly targeted metabolic engineering can no longer meet the demand for efficient biosynthesis of L-valine. In recent years, the development of omics technology has promoted the upgrading of traditional metabolic engineering to systematic metabolic engineering. This whole-cell-scale transformation strategy has become a productive method for developing L-valine producing strains. This review provides an overview of the biosynthesis and regulation mechanism of L-valine, and summarizes the current metabolic engineering techniques and strategies for constructing L-valine high-producing strains. Finally, the opinion of constructing a cell factory for efficiently biosynthesizing L-valine was proposed.
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14
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Becker J, Wittmann C. Metabolic Engineering of
Corynebacterium glutamicum. Metab Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527823468.ch12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Fang Y, Zhang S, Wang J, Yin L, Zhang H, Wang Z, Song J, Hu X, Wang X. Metabolic Detoxification of 2-Oxobutyrate by Remodeling Escherichia coli Acetate Bypass. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11010030. [PMID: 33406667 PMCID: PMC7824062 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Oxobutyrate (2-OBA), as a toxic metabolic intermediate, generally arrests the cell growth of most microorganisms and blocks the biosynthesis of target metabolites. In this study, we demonstrated that using the acetate bypass to replace the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc) in Escherichia coli could recharge the intracellular acetyl-CoA pool to alleviate the metabolic toxicity of 2-OBA. Furthermore, based on the crystal structure of pyruvate oxidase (PoxB), two candidate residues in the substrate-binding pocket of PoxB were predicted by computational simulation. Site-directed saturation mutagenesis was performed to attenuate 2-OBA-binding affinity, and one of the variants, PoxBF112W, exhibited a 20-fold activity ratio of pyruvate/2-OBA in substrate selectivity. PoxBF112W was employed to remodel the acetate bypass in E. coli, resulting in l-threonine (a precursor of 2-OBA) biosynthesis with minimal inhibition from 2-OBA. After metabolic detoxification of 2-OBA, the supplies of intracellular acetyl-CoA and NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) used for l-threonine biosynthesis were restored. Therefore, 2-OBA is the substitute for pyruvate to engage in enzymatic reactions and disturbs pyruvate metabolism. Our study makes a straightforward explanation of the 2-OBA toxicity mechanism and gives an effective approach for its metabolic detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.F.); (S.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.W.); (J.S.); (X.H.)
| | - Shuyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.F.); (S.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.W.); (J.S.); (X.H.)
| | - Jianli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.F.); (S.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.W.); (J.S.); (X.H.)
| | - Lianghong Yin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Hailing Zhang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China;
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.F.); (S.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.W.); (J.S.); (X.H.)
| | - Jie Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.F.); (S.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.W.); (J.S.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.F.); (S.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.W.); (J.S.); (X.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Y.F.); (S.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.W.); (J.S.); (X.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-510-85329239
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16
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zhang S, Ma W, Wang J, Yin L, Wang X. Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum WM001 to improve l-isoleucine production. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 68:568-584. [PMID: 32474971 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, l-isoleucine production in Corynebacterium glutamicum WM001 was improved by deleting three genes in the genome, replacing the native promoter of ilvA in the genome, and overexpression of five genes in an alr-based auxotrophic complementation expression system. The three genes deleted in the genome are alaT, brnQ, and alr. Deletion of alaT improved l-isoleucine production by increasing the supply of pyruvate, whereas deletion of brnQ improved l-isoleucine production by blocking the uptake of extracellular l-isoleucine. Exchange of the native promoter of ilvA with promoter tac or tacM could contribute to l-isoleucine production by increasing 2-ketobutyric acid; tac is better than tacM for improving l-isoleucine yield. Different combinations of the genes ilvBN, ppnK, lrp, and brnFE were overexpressed in an alr-based auxotrophic complementation expression system to further improve l-isoleucine production, and the best yield after 72-H flask fermentation was obtained from the strain WM005/pYCW-1-ilvBN2-ppnK1. Without addition of any antibiotics, WM005/pYCW-1-ilvBN2-ppnK1 could produce 32.1 g/L l-isoleucine after 72-H fed-batch fermentation, which is 34.3% increase compared with the original strain WM001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yadi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianghong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
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17
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Systematic engineering of branch chain amino acid supply modules for the enhanced production of bacitracin from Bacillus licheniformis. Metab Eng Commun 2020; 11:e00136. [PMID: 32637317 PMCID: PMC7326738 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2020.e00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacitracin is a broad-spectrum cyclic peptide antibiotic mainly produced by Bacillus, precursor amino acid supply served as the critical role during its synthesis. In this study, we systematically engineered branch-chain amino acid (BCAA) supply modules for bacitracin production. Firstly, we demonstrated that Ile and Leu acted as limiting precursors for bacitracin synthesis, and that BCAA synthetic pathways were strengthened via simultaneous overexpression of, feedback-resistance acetolactate synthase IlvBNfbr, 2-isopropylmalate synthetase LeuAfbr and BCAA aminotransferase YbgE. Using this approach, bacitracin yield from strain DW-BCAA2 was 892.54 U/mL, an increase of 18.32% compared with that DW2 (754.32 U/mL). Secondly, the BCAA permeases, YvbW and BraB, which have higher affinities for Leu and Ile transportation, respectively, were both identified as BCAA importers, with their overexpression improving intracellular BCAA accumulations and bacitracin yields. Finally, the leucine-responsive family regulator, lrpC was deleted to generate the final strain DW-BCAA6, with intracellular concentrations of Ile, Leu and Val increased by 2.26-, 1.90- and 0.72-fold, respectively. The bacitracin yield from DW-BCAA6 was 1029.83 U/mL, an increase of 36.52%, and is the highest bacitracin yield reported. Equally, concentrations of other byproducts including acetic acid, acetoin and 2,3-butanediol were all reduced. Taken together, we devised an efficient strategy for the enhanced production of bacitracin, and a promising B. licheniformis DW-BCAA6 strain was constructed for industrial production of bacitracin. Enhancing intracellular BCAA accumulations benefited bacitracin synthesis. YvbW and BraB were both identified as BCAA importers in B. licheniformis. Deleting lrp increased brnQ transcription and intracellular BCAA concentrations. Bacitracin yield produced by DW-BCAA6 was the highest currently reported.
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18
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Bacteria as genetically programmable producers of bioactive natural products. Nat Rev Chem 2020; 4:172-193. [PMID: 37128046 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-020-0176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Next to plants, bacteria account for most of the biomass on Earth. They are found everywhere, although certain species thrive only in specific ecological niches. These microorganisms biosynthesize a plethora of both primary and secondary metabolites, defined, respectively, as those required for the growth and maintenance of cellular functions and those not required for survival but offering a selective advantage for the producer under certain conditions. As a result, bacterial fermentation has long been used to manufacture valuable natural products of nutritional, agrochemical and pharmaceutical interest. The interactions of secondary metabolites with their biological targets have been optimized by millions of years of evolution and they are, thus, considered to be privileged chemical structures, not only for drug discovery. During the last two decades, functional genomics has allowed for an in-depth understanding of the underlying biosynthetic logic of secondary metabolites. This has, in turn, paved the way for the unprecedented use of bacteria as programmable biochemical workhorses. In this Review, we discuss the multifaceted use of bacteria as biological factories in diverse applications and highlight recent advances in targeted genetic engineering of bacteria for the production of valuable bioactive compounds. Emphasis is on current advances to access nature's abundance of natural products.
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19
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Liu Y, Wang X, Zhan J, Hu J. The 138th residue of acetohydroxyacid synthase in Corynebacterium glutamicum is important for the substrate binding specificity. Enzyme Microb Technol 2019; 129:109357. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Strategy for improving L-isoleucine production efficiency in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:2101-2111. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09632-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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21
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Ma Y, Ma Q, Cui Y, Du L, Xie X, Chen N. Transcriptomic and metabolomics analyses reveal metabolic characteristics of L-leucine- and L-valine-producing Corynebacterium glutamicum mutants. ANN MICROBIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-018-1431-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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22
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Jia H, Li H, Zhang L, Xu D. Development of a Novel Gene Expression System for Secretory Production of Heterologous Proteins via the General Secretory (Sec) Pathway in Corynebacterium Glutamicum. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 16:e1746. [PMID: 30555839 PMCID: PMC6217267 DOI: 10.21859/ijb.1746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background Corynebacterium glutamicum (C. glutamicum) is a potential host for the secretory production of the heterologous proteins. However, to this date few secretion-type gene expression systems in C. glutamicum have been developed, which limit applications of C. glutamicum in a secretory production of the heterologous proteins. Objectives In this study, a novel and efficient general secretory (Sec) pathway-dependent type gene expression system for the production of heterologous proteins was developed in C. glutamicum. Materials and Methods The synthesized cloning/expression cassette C was assembled into the basic E. coli-C. glutamicum shuttle vector pAU2, generating the Sec-dependent type gene expression vector pAU5. Subsequently, the applicability of the C. glutamicum/pAU5 system was tested using the α-amylase AmyE from Bacillus subtilis as a reporter protein. Results The vector pAU5 was successfully constructed. The SDS-PAGE experiment showed the AmyE protein band could be observed in the original culture supernatant of the 14067/pAU5-amyE. The Western blotting experiment showed that the AmyE polypeptide could be detected in the culture supernatant of the 14067/pAU5-amyE, not in the cell lysate of 14067/pAU5-amyE. The α-amylase specific activity of the culture supernatant of 14067/pAU5-amyE was 103.24±7.14 U.mg-1 protein, while no α-amylase activity was detected in the cell homogenate supernatant of 14067/pAU5-amyE. These results demonstrate that the recombinant AmyE was efficiently expressed and completely secreted into the extracellular environmentin an active form in C. glutamicum/pAU5 system. Conclusions A novel efficient Sec-dependent type gene expression vector pAU5 was constructed in the C. glutamicum. The vector pAU5 employs the strong promoter tac-M for controlling a constitutive transcription of the target gene, the consensus ribosome binding site (RBS) sequence of C. glutamicum to ensure protein translation, and the efficient Sec-type cgR_2070 signal sequence to mediate protein secretion in the C. glutamicum. The C. glutamicum/pAU5 system is an efficient expression system for the secretory production of the heterologous proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Hedan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Lirong Zhang
- Biological Control Centre of Plant Diseases and Pests of Hebei, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Daqing Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China
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23
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Metabolically engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum for bio-based production of chemicals, fuels, materials, and healthcare products. Metab Eng 2018; 50:122-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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24
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Ma W, Wang J, Li Y, Wang X. Cysteine synthase A overexpression in Corynebacterium glutamicum enhances l-isoleucine production. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2018; 66:74-81. [PMID: 30311712 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine synthase A (CysK) catalyzes the last reaction of l-cysteine synthesis in bacteria, but its moonlighting functions have been revealed recently. In this study, CysK was overexpressed in Corynebacterium glutamicum IWJ001, an l-isoleucine producer. Compared with the control IWJ001/pDXW-8, IWJ001/pDXW-8-cysK cells grew fast during log phase, and produced 26.5% more l-isoleucine in flask fermentation and 23.5% more l-isoleucine in fed-batch fermentation. The key genes aspC, lysC, hom, thrB, ilvA, and ilvBN involved in l-isoleucine biosynthesis were all upregulated in IWJ001/pDXW-8-cysK, compared with IWJ001/pDXW-8. In addition, IWJ001/pDXW-8-cysK cells were longer and thicker than IWJ001/pDXW-8 cells. Compared with IWJ001/pDXW-8, the membrane permeability increased 15.8% and biofilm formation ability decreased 71.3% for IWJ001/pDXW-8-cysK cells. The results demonstrate that CysK overexpression in C. glutamicum is a good approach to enhance l-isoleucine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
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25
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Wang Y, Li GS, Qiao P, Lin L, Xue HL, Zhu L, Wu MB, Lin JP, Yang LR. Increased productivity of L-2-aminobutyric acid and total turnover number of NAD +/NADH in a one-pot system through enhanced thermostability of L-threonine deaminase. Biotechnol Lett 2018; 40:1551-1559. [PMID: 30259222 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-018-2607-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To strengthen NADH regeneration in the biosynthesis of L-2-aminobutyric acid (L-ABA). RESULTS L-Threonine deaminase (L-TD) from Escherichia coli K12 was modified by directed evolution and rational design to improve its endurance to heat treatment. The half-life of mutant G323D/F510L/T344A at 42 °C increased from 10 to 210 min, a 20-fold increase compared to the wild-type L-TD, and the temperature at which the activity of the enzyme decreased by 50% in 15 min increased from 39 to 53 °C. The mutant together with thermostable L-leucine dehydrogenase from Bacillus sphaericus DSM730 and formate dehydrogenase from Candida boidinii constituted a one-pot system for L-ABA biosynthesis. Employing preheat treatment in the one-pot system, the biosynthesis of L-ABA and total turnover number of NAD+/NADH were 0.993 M and 16,469, in contrast to 0.635 M and 10,531 with wild-type L-TD, respectively. CONCLUSIONS By using the engineered L-TD during endured preheat treatment, the one-pot system has achieved a higher productivity of L-ABA and total turnover number of coenzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zhe-da Road, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Si Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zhe-da Road, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zhe-da Road, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zhe-da Road, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Long Xue
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zhe-da Road, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zhe-da Road, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mian-Bin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zhe-da Road, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ping Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zhe-da Road, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Rong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zhe-da Road, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Ma W, Wang J, Li Y, Yin L, Wang X. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) co-produced with L-isoleucine in Corynebacterium glutamicum WM001. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:93. [PMID: 29907151 PMCID: PMC6004086 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0942-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Co-production of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) and amino acids makes bacteria effective microbial cell factories by secreting amino acids outside while accumulating PHA granules inside. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) is one of the PHAs with biocompatibility and fine mechanical properties, but its production is limited by the low level of intracellular propionyl-CoA. Results l-Isoleucine producing Corynebacterium glutamicum strain WM001 were analyzed by genome and transcriptome sequencing. The results showed that the most over-expressed genes in WM001 are relevant not only to l-isoleucine production but also to propionyl-CoA accumulation. Compared to the wild-type C. glutamicum ATCC13869, the transcriptional levels of the genes prpC2, prpD2, and prpB2, which are key genes relevant to propionyl-CoA accumulation, increased 26.7, 25.8, and 28.4-folds in WM001, respectively; and the intracellular level of propionyl-CoA increased 16.9-fold in WM001. When the gene cluster phaCAB for PHA biosynthesis was introduced into WM001, the recombinant strain WM001/pDXW-8-phaCAB produced 15.0 g/L PHBV with high percentage of 3-hydroxyvalerate as well as 29.8 g/L l-isoleucine after fed-batch fermentation. The maximum 3-hydroxyvalerate fraction in PHBV produced by WM001/pDXW-8-phaCAB using glucose as the sole carbon source could reach 72.5%, which is the highest reported so far. Conclusions Genome and transcriptome analysis showed that C. glutamicum WM001 has potential to accumulate l-isoleucine and propionyl-CoA pool. This was experimentally confirmed by introducing the phaCAB gene cluster into WM001. The recombinant strain WM001/pDXW-8-phaCAB produced high levels of PHBV with high 3-hydroxyvalerate fraction as well as l-isoleucine. Because of its high level of intracellular propionyl-CoA pool, WM001 might be used for producing other propionyl-CoA derivatives. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-018-0942-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jianli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Ye Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Lianghong Yin
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China. .,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China. .,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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27
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Wang X, Zhang H, Quinn PJ. Production of l-valine from metabolically engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:4319-4330. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8952-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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28
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Zhang H, Li Y, Wang C, Wang X. Understanding the high L-valine production in Corynebacterium glutamicum VWB-1 using transcriptomics and proteomics. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3632. [PMID: 29483542 PMCID: PMC5827029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21926-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Toward the elucidation of the advanced mechanism of l-valine production by Corynebacterium glutamicum, a highly developed industrial strain VWB-1 was analyzed, employing the combination of transcriptomics and proteomics methods. The transcriptional level of 1155 genes and expression abundance of 96 proteins were changed significantly by the transcriptome and proteome comparison of VWB-1 and ATCC 13869. It was indicated that the key genes involved in the biosynthesis of l-valine, ilvBN, ilvC, ilvD, ilvE were up-regulated in VWB-1, which together made prominent contributions in improving the carbon flow towards l-valine. The l-leucine and l-isoleucine synthesis ability were weakened according to the down-regulation of leuB and ilvA. The up-regulation of the branched chain amino acid transporter genes brnFE promoted the l-valine secretion capability of VWB-1. The NADPH and ATP generation ability of VWB-1 were strengthened through the up-regulation of the genes involved in phosphate pentose pathway and TCA pathway. Pyruvate accumulation was achieved through the weakening of the l-lactate, acetate and l-alanine pathways. The up-regulation of the genes coding for elongation factors and ribosomal proteins were beneficial for l-valine synthesis in C. glutamicum. All information acquired were useful for the genome breeding of better industrial l-valine producing strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chenhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China. .,School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China. .,Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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29
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Xu JZ, Yang HK, Zhang WG. NADPH metabolism: a survey of its theoretical characteristics and manipulation strategies in amino acid biosynthesis. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2018; 38:1061-1076. [PMID: 29480038 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2018.1437387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Reduced nicotinamide adenine nucleotide phosphate (NADPH), which is one of the key cofactors in the metabolic network, plays an important role in the biochemical reactions, and physiological function of amino acid-producing strains. The manipulation of NADPH availability and form is an efficient and easy method of redirecting the carbon flux to the amino acid biosynthesis in industrial strains. In this review, we survey the metabolic mode of NADPH. Furthermore, we summarize the research developments in the understanding of the relationship between NADPH metabolism and amino acid biosynthesis. Detailed strategies to manipulate NADPH availability are addressed based on this knowledge. Finally, the uses of NADPH manipulation strategies to enhance the metabolic function of amino acid-producing strains are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Zhong Xu
- a The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , WuXi , PR China.,b The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , WuXi , PR China
| | - Han-Kun Yang
- a The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , WuXi , PR China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhang
- a The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , WuXi , PR China
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30
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Li Y, Wei H, Wang T, Xu Q, Zhang C, Fan X, Ma Q, Chen N, Xie X. Current status on metabolic engineering for the production of l-aspartate family amino acids and derivatives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:1588-1602. [PMID: 28579173 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The l-aspartate amino acids (AFAAs) are constituted of l-aspartate, l-lysine, l-methionine, l-threonine and l-isoleucine. Except for l-aspartate, AFAAs are essential amino acids that cannot be synthesized by humans and most farm animals, and thus possess wide applications in food, animal feed, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. To date, a number of amino acids, including AFAAs have been industrially produced by microbial fermentation. However, the overall metabolic and regulatory mechanisms of the synthesis of AFAAs and the recent progress on strain construction have rarely been reviewed. Aiming to promote the establishment of strains of Corynebacterium glutamicum and Escherichia coli, the two industrial amino acids producing bacteria, that are capable of producing high titers of AFAAs and derivatives, this paper systematically summarizes the current progress on metabolic engineering manipulations in both central metabolic pathways and AFAA synthesis pathways based on the category of the five-word strain breeding strategies: enter, flow, moderate, block and exit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Li
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering of China Light Industry, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Hongbo Wei
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qingyang Xu
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering of China Light Industry, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Chenglin Zhang
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering of China Light Industry, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xiaoguang Fan
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering of China Light Industry, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qian Ma
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering of China Light Industry, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Ning Chen
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering of China Light Industry, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xixian Xie
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering of China Light Industry, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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31
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Gao Y, Hu X, Wang J, Li H, Wang X. Impact of mycolic acid deficiency on cells of Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC13869. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2017; 65:435-445. [PMID: 29072327 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mycolic acid (MA) plays important role in Corynebacterium glutamicum, but the key enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway of MA in C. glutamicum ATCC13869 have not been characterized. Since the locus BBD29_RS14045 in C. glutamicum ATCC13869 shows high similarity to the gene Cgl2871, which encodes Pks13, the key enzyme for synthesizing MA in C. glutamicum ATCC13032, it was deleted, resulting in the mutant WG001. Compared with the wild-type ATCC13869, MA was not synthesized in WG001, but more phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol containing longer unsaturated fatty acids were produced. WG001 cells also show hindered cell growth and defective cell separation when compared with ATCC13869 cells. Transcriptomic analysis shows that many genes relevant to the pathways of fatty acids, inositol, phospholipids, cell wall, and cell division were significantly regulated in WG001 cells when compared with ATCC13869 cells. This study demonstrates that the locus BBD29_RS14045 encodes a key enzyme that plays important role for synthesizing MA in C. glutamicum ATCC13869.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Gao
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianli Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huazhong Li
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
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32
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Liu Y, Li Y, Wang X. Molecular evolution of acetohydroxyacid synthase in bacteria. Microbiologyopen 2017; 6. [PMID: 28782269 PMCID: PMC5727371 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) is the key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathways of branched chain amino acids in bacteria. Since it does not exist in animal and plant cells, AHAS is an attractive target for developing antimicrobials and herbicides. In some bacteria, there is a single copy of AHAS, while in others there are multiple copies. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the origin and evolutionary pathway of various AHASs in bacteria. In this study, all the available protein sequences of AHAS in bacteria were investigated, and an evolutionary model of AHAS in bacteria is proposed, according to gene structure, organization and phylogeny. Multiple copies of AHAS in some bacteria might be evolved from the single copy of AHAS, the ancestor. Gene duplication, domain deletion and horizontal gene transfer might occur during the evolution of this enzyme. The results show the biological significance of AHAS, help to understand the functions of various AHASs in bacteria, and would be useful for developing industrial production strains of branched chain amino acids or novel antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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33
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Abstract
For many years, industrial enzymes have played an important role in the benefit of our society due to their many useful properties and a wide range of applications. They are key elements in the progress of many industries including foods, beverages, pharmaceuticals, diagnostics, therapy, personal care, animal feed, detergents, pulp and paper, textiles, leather, chemicals and biofuels. During recent decades, microbial enzymes have replaced many plant and animal enzymes. This is because microbial enzymes are widely available and produced economically in short fermentations and inexpensive media. Screening is
simple, and strain improvement for increased production has been very successful. The advances in recombinant DNA technology have had a major effect on production levels of enzymes and represent a way to overproduce industrially important microbial, plant and animal enzymes. It has been calculated that 50-60% of the world enzyme market is supplied with recombinant enzymes. Molecular methods, including genomics and
metagenomics, are being used for the discovery of new enzymes from microbes. Also, directed evolution has allowed the design of enzyme specificities and better performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold L. Demain
- Research Institute for Scientists Emeriti (RISE), Drew University, Madison, New Jersey 07940, USA
| | - Sergio Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
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34
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Guo J, Man Z, Rao Z, Xu M, Yang T, Zhang X, Xu Z. Improvement of the ammonia assimilation for enhancing L-arginine production of Corynebacterium crenatum. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 44:443-451. [PMID: 28120129 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-017-1900-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There are four nitrogen atoms in L-arginine molecule and the nitrogen content is 32.1%. By now, metabolic engineering for L-arginine production strain improvement was focused on carbon flux optimization. In previous work, we obtained an L-arginine-producing Corynebacterium crenatum SDNN403 (ARG) through screening and mutation breeding. In this paper, a strain engineering strategy focusing on nitrogen supply and ammonium assimilation for L-arginine production was performed. Firstly, the effects of nitrogen atom donor (L-glutamate, L-glutamine and L-aspartate) addition on L-arginine production of ARG were studied, and the addition of L-glutamine and L-aspartate was beneficial for L-arginine production. Then, the glutamine synthetase gene glnA and aspartase gene aspA from E. coli were overexpressed in ARG for increasing the L-glutamine and L-aspartate synthesis, and the L-arginine production was effectively increased. In addition, the L-glutamate supply re-emerged as a limiting factor for L-arginine biosynthesis. Finally, the glutamate dehydrogenase gene gdh was co-overexpressed for further enhancement of L-arginine production. The final strain could produce 53.2 g l-1 of L-arginine, which was increased by 41.5% compared to ARG in fed-batch fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zaiwei Man
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Rao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meijuan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Taowei Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenghong Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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35
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Li H, Zhang L, Guo W, Xu D. Development of a genetically engineered Escherichia coli strain for plasmid transformation in Corynebacterium glutamicum. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 131:156-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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36
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Dong X, Zhao Y, Hu J, Li Y, Wang X. Attenuating l -lysine production by deletion of ddh and lysE and their effect on l -threonine and l -isoleucine production in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Enzyme Microb Technol 2016; 93-94:70-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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37
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Production of 2-methyl-1-butanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol in engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum. Metab Eng 2016; 38:436-445. [PMID: 27746323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The pentanol isomers 2-methyl-1-butanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol represent commercially interesting alcohols due to their potential application as biofuels. For a sustainable microbial production of these compounds, Corynebacterium glutamicum was engineered for producing 2-methyl-1-butanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol via the Ehrlich pathway from 2-keto-3-methylvalerate and 2-ketoisocaproate, respectively. In addition to an already available 2-ketoisocaproate producer, a 2-keto-3-methylvalerate accumulating C. glutamicum strain was also constructed. For this purpose, we reduced the activity of the branched-chain amino acid transaminase in an available C. glutamicuml-isoleucine producer (K2P55) via a start codon exchange in the ilvE gene enabling accumulation of up to 3.67g/l 2-keto-3-methylvalerate. Subsequently, nine strains expressing different gene combinations for three 2-keto acid decarboxylases and three alcohol dehydrogenases were constructed and characterized. The best strains accumulated 0.37g/l 2-methyl-1-butanol and 2.76g/l 3-methyl-1-butanol in defined medium within 48h under oxygen deprivation conditions, making these strains ideal candidates for additional strain and process optimization.
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38
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Liu Y, Li Y, Wang X. Acetohydroxyacid synthases: evolution, structure, and function. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:8633-49. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7809-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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39
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Man Z, Xu M, Rao Z, Guo J, Yang T, Zhang X, Xu Z. Systems pathway engineering of Corynebacterium crenatum for improved L-arginine production. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28629. [PMID: 27338253 PMCID: PMC4919616 DOI: 10.1038/srep28629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
L-arginine is an important amino acid in food and pharmaceutical industries. Until now, the main production method of L-arginine in China is the highly polluting keratin acid hydrolysis. The industrial level L-arginine production by microbial fermentation has become an important task. In previous work, we obtained a new L-arginine producing Corynebacterium crenatum (subspecies of Corynebacterium glutamicum) through screening and mutation breeding. In this work, we performed systems pathway engineering of C. crenatum for improved L-arginine production, involving amplification of L-arginine biosynthetic pathway flux by removal of feedback inhibition and overexpression of arginine operon; optimization of NADPH supply by modulation of metabolic flux distribution between glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway; increasing glucose consumption by strengthening the preexisting glucose transporter and exploitation of new glucose uptake system; channeling excess carbon flux from glycolysis into tricarboxylic acid cycle to alleviate the glucose overflow metabolism; redistribution of carbon flux at α-ketoglutarate metabolic node to channel more flux into L-arginine biosynthetic pathway; minimization of carbon and cofactor loss by attenuation of byproducts formation. The final strain could produce 87.3 g L(-1) L-arginine with yield up to 0.431 g L-arginine g(-1) glucose in fed-batch fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaiwei Man
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Meijuan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhiming Rao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jing Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Taowei Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhenghong Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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40
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Characterization of aspartate kinase and homoserine dehydrogenase from Corynebacterium glutamicum IWJ001 and systematic investigation of l-isoleucine biosynthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 43:873-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-016-1763-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Previously we have characterized a threonine dehydratase mutant TDF383V (encoded by ilvA1) and an acetohydroxy acid synthase mutant AHASP176S, D426E, L575W (encoded by ilvBN1) in Corynebacterium glutamicum IWJ001, one of the best l-isoleucine producing strains. Here, we further characterized an aspartate kinase mutant AKA279T (encoded by lysC1) and a homoserine dehydrogenase mutant HDG378S (encoded by hom1) in IWJ001, and analyzed the consequences of all these mutant enzymes on amino acids production in the wild type background. In vitro enzyme tests confirmed that AKA279T is completely resistant to feed-back inhibition by l-threonine and l-lysine, and that HDG378S is partially resistant to l-threonine with the half maximal inhibitory concentration between 12 and 14 mM. In C. glutamicum ATCC13869, expressing lysC1 alone led to exclusive l-lysine accumulation, co-expressing hom1 and thrB1 with lysC1 shifted partial carbon flux from l-lysine (decreased by 50.1 %) to l-threonine (4.85 g/L) with minor l-isoleucine and no l-homoserine accumulation, further co-expressing ilvA1 completely depleted l-threonine and strongly shifted carbon flux from l-lysine (decreased by 83.0 %) to l-isoleucine (3.53 g/L). The results demonstrated the strongly feed-back resistant TDF383V might be the main driving force for l-isoleucine over-synthesis in this case, and the partially feed-back resistant HDG378S might prevent the accumulation of toxic intermediates. Information exploited from such mutation-bred production strain would be useful for metabolic engineering.
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Ma W, Wang J, Li Y, Hu X, Shi F, Wang X. Enhancing pentose phosphate pathway in Corynebacterium glutamicum to improve l-isoleucine production. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2016; 63:877-885. [PMID: 27010514 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Three genes, gnd, pgl, and fbp, relevant to the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) were overexpressed in Corynebacterium glutamicum IWJ001, leading to increase of l-isoleucine production. The transcriptional levels of gnd, pgl, and fbp significantly increased in IWJ001/pDXW-8-gnd-fbp-pgl. Compared with the control strain IWJ001/pDXW-8, intracellular NADPH/NADP+ ratios in IWJ001/pDXW-8-gnd and IWJ001/pDXW-8-gnd-fbp cells grown for 36 H increased threefold and fourfold, respectively, indicating that overexpression of gnd and fbp redirected the carbon flux to PPP. Intracellular NADPH/NADP+ ratio in IWJ001/pDXW-8-gnd-fbp-pgl grown for 36 H was similar to IWJ001/pDXW-8, suggesting that the NADPH produced by PPP could be quickly consumed for l-isoleucine production. 10.9 and 28.96 g/L of l-isoleucine was produced in IWJ001/pDXW-8-gnd-fbp-pgl in shake flask cultivation and fed-batch fermentation, respectively. In addition, IWJ001/pDXW-8-gnd-fbp-pgl grew fast, its dry cell weight reached 49 g/L after 48 H, whereas the start strain IWJ001/pDXW-8 reached only 40 g/L. After 96 H fermentation, l-isoleucine yield on glucose in IWJ001/pDXW-8-gnd-fbp-pgl reached 0.138 g/g. The results demonstrate that carbon flux redirection to PPP is an efficient approach to enhance l-isoleucine production in C. glutamicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Ma
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianli Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Li
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.,Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
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Han G, Hu X, Qin T, Li Y, Wang X. Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC13032 to produce S -adenosyl- l -methionine. Enzyme Microb Technol 2016; 83:14-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Gu P, Su T, Qi Q. Novel technologies provide more engineering strategies for amino acid-producing microorganisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:2097-105. [PMID: 26754821 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7276-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, amino acid-producing strains were obtained by random mutagenesis and subsequent selection. With the development of genetic and metabolic engineering techniques, various microorganisms with high amino acid production yields are now constructed by rational design of targeted biosynthetic pathways. Recently, novel technologies derived from systems and synthetic biology have emerged and open a new promising avenue towards the engineering of amino acid production microorganisms. In this review, these approaches, including rational engineering of rate-limiting enzymes, real-time sensing of end-products, pathway optimization on the chromosome, transcription factor-mediated strain improvement, and metabolic modeling and flux analysis, were summarized with regard to their application in microbial amino acid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyuan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingsheng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
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Yamamoto K, Tsuchisaka A, Yukawa H. Branched-Chain Amino Acids. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 159:103-128. [PMID: 27872960 DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), viz., L-isoleucine, L-leucine, and L-valine, are essential amino acids that cannot be synthesized in higher organisms and are important nutrition for humans as well as livestock. They are also valued as synthetic intermediates for pharmaceuticals. Therefore, the demand for BCAAs in the feed and pharmaceutical industries is increasing continuously. Traditional industrial fermentative production of BCAAs was performed using microorganisms isolated by random mutagenesis. A collection of these classical strains was also scientifically useful to clarify the details of the BCAA biosynthetic pathways, which are tightly regulated by feedback inhibition and transcriptional attenuation. Based on this understanding of the metabolism of BCAAs, it is now possible for us to pursue strains with higher BCAA productivity using rational design and advanced molecular biology techniques. Additionally, systems biology approaches using augmented omics information help us to optimize carbon flux toward BCAA production. Here, we describe the biosynthetic pathways of BCAAs and their regulation and then overview the microorganisms developed for BCAA production. Other chemicals, including isobutanol, i.e., a second-generation biofuel, can be synthesized by branching the BCAA biosynthetic pathways, which are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Yamamoto
- Green Earth Institute Co., Ltd, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
- Green Earth Research Center, Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsunari Tsuchisaka
- Green Earth Institute Co., Ltd, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
- Green Earth Research Center, Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yukawa
- Green Earth Institute Co., Ltd, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Green Earth Research Center, Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan.
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Zhang L, Jia H, Xu D. Construction of a novel twin-arginine translocation (Tat)-dependent type expression vector for secretory production of heterologous proteins in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Plasmid 2015; 82:50-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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46
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Han G, Hu X, Wang X. Overexpression of methionine adenosyltransferase inCorynebacterium glutamicumfor production ofS-adenosyl-l-methionine. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2015; 63:679-689. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi People's Republic of China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition; Jiangnan University; Wuxi People's Republic of China
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Han G, Hu X, Wang X. Co-production of S-adenosyl-L-methionine and L-isoleucine in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Enzyme Microb Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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48
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Mei J, Xu N, Ye C, Liu L, Wu J. Reconstruction and analysis of a genome-scale metabolic network of Corynebacterium glutamicum S9114. Gene 2015; 575:615-22. [PMID: 26392034 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum S9114 is commonly used for industrial glutamate production. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the physiological and metabolic characteristics of C. glutamicum is important for developing its potential for industrial production. A genome-scale metabolic model, iJM658, was reconstructed based on genome annotation and literature mining. The model consists of 658 genes, 984 metabolites and 1065 reactions. The model quantitatively predicted C. glutamicum growth on different carbon and nitrogen sources and determined 129 genes to be essential for cell growth. The iJM658 model predicted that C. glutamicum had two glutamate biosynthesis pathways and lacked eight key genes in biotin synthesis. Robustness analysis indicated a relative low oxygen level (1.21mmol/gDW/h) would improve glutamate production rate. Potential metabolic engineering targets for improving γ-aminobutyrate and isoleucine production rate were predicted by in silico deletion or overexpression of some genes. The iJM658 model is a useful tool for understanding and optimizing the metabolism of C. glutamicum and a valuable resource for future metabolic and physiological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Laboratory of Food Microbial-Manufacturing Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Nan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Laboratory of Food Microbial-Manufacturing Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Chao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Laboratory of Food Microbial-Manufacturing Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Liming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Laboratory of Food Microbial-Manufacturing Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Jianrong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Generation of mutant threonine dehydratase and its effects on isoleucine synthesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 31:1369-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1885-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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50
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Guo Y, Han M, Xu J, Zhang W. Analysis of acetohydroxyacid synthase variants from branched-chain amino acids-producing strains and their effects on the synthesis of branched-chain amino acids in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 109:106-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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