1
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Palma JA, Bunyatov MI, Hulbert SW, Jewett MC, DeLisa MP. Bacterial glycoengineering: Cell-based and cell-free routes for producing biopharmaceuticals with customized glycosylation. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2024; 81:102500. [PMID: 38991462 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.102500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Glycosylation plays a pivotal role in tuning the folding and function of proteins. Because most human therapeutic proteins are glycosylated, understanding and controlling glycosylation is important for the design, optimization, and manufacture of biopharmaceuticals. Unfortunately, natural eukaryotic glycosylation pathways are complex and often produce heterogeneous glycan patterns, making the production of glycoproteins with chemically precise and homogeneous glycan structures difficult. To overcome these limitations, bacterial glycoengineering has emerged as a simple, cost-effective, and scalable approach to produce designer glycoprotein therapeutics and vaccines in which the glycan structures are engineered to reduce heterogeneity and improve biological and biophysical attributes of the protein. Here, we discuss recent advances in bacterial cell-based and cell-free glycoengineering that have enabled the production of biopharmaceutical glycoproteins with customized glycan structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaymee A Palma
- Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Mehman I Bunyatov
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Sophia W Hulbert
- Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Michael C Jewett
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matthew P DeLisa
- Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Cornell Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Biotechnology Building, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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2
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Wardman JF, Withers SG. Carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) discovery and engineering via (Ultra)high-throughput screening. RSC Chem Biol 2024; 5:595-616. [PMID: 38966674 PMCID: PMC11221537 DOI: 10.1039/d4cb00024b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) constitute a diverse set of enzymes that catalyze the assembly, degradation, and modification of carbohydrates. These enzymes have been fashioned into potent, selective catalysts by millennia of evolution, and yet are also highly adaptable and readily evolved in the laboratory. To identify and engineer CAZymes for different purposes, (ultra)high-throughput screening campaigns have been frequently utilized with great success. This review provides an overview of the different approaches taken in screening for CAZymes and how mechanistic understandings of CAZymes can enable new approaches to screening. Within, we also cover how cutting-edge techniques such as microfluidics, advances in computational approaches and synthetic biology, as well as novel assay designs are leading the field towards more informative and effective screening approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob F Wardman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3 Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Stephen G Withers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3 Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
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3
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Pimentel-Vera LN, Rodríguez-López A, Espejo-Mojica AJ, Ramírez AM, Cardona C, Reyes LH, Tomatsu S, Jaroentomeechai T, DeLisa MP, Sánchez OF, Alméciga-Díaz CJ. Novel human recombinant N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase produced in a glyco-engineered Escherichia coli strain. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32555. [PMID: 38952373 PMCID: PMC11215262 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA (MPS IVA) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding the lysosomal enzyme N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase (GALNS), resulting in the accumulation of keratan sulfate (KS) and chondroitin-6-sulfate (C6S). Previously, it was reported the production of an active human recombinant GALNS (rGALNS) in E. coli BL21(DE3). However, this recombinant enzyme was not taken up by HEK293 cells or MPS IVA skin fibroblasts. Here, we leveraged a glyco-engineered E. coli strain to produce a recombinant human GALNS bearing the eukaryotic trimannosyl core N-glycan, Man3GlcNAc2 (rGALNSoptGly). The N-glycosylated GALNS was produced at 100 mL and 1.65 L scales, purified and characterized with respect to pH stability, enzyme kinetic parameters, cell uptake, and KS clearance. The results showed that the addition of trimannosyl core N-glycans enhanced both protein stability and substrate affinity. rGALNSoptGly was capture through a mannose receptor-mediated process. This enzyme was delivered to the lysosome, where it reduced KS storage in human MPS IVA fibroblasts. This study demonstrates the potential of a glyco-engineered E. coli for producing a fully functional GALNS enzyme. It may offer an economic approach for the biosynthesis of a therapeutic glycoprotein that could prove useful for MPS IVA treatment. This strategy could be extended to other lysosomal enzymes that rely on the presence of mannose N-glycans for cell uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa N. Pimentel-Vera
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., 110231, Colombia
| | - Alexander Rodríguez-López
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., 110231, Colombia
- Dogma Biotech, Bogotá, D.C., 110111, Colombia
| | - Angela J. Espejo-Mojica
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., 110231, Colombia
- Dogma Biotech, Bogotá, D.C., 110111, Colombia
| | - Aura María Ramírez
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., 110231, Colombia
| | - Carolina Cardona
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., 110231, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas y de Genética Humana Aplicada GIBGA, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales U.D.C.A, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Luis H. Reyes
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., 110231, Colombia
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Shunji Tomatsu
- Nemours Children's Health, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19144, USA
| | - Thapakorn Jaroentomeechai
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Matthew P. DeLisa
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Cornell Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Oscar F. Sánchez
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Carlos J. Alméciga-Díaz
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., 110231, Colombia
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4
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Bao Z, Gao Y, Song Y, Ding N, Li W, Wu Q, Zhang X, Zheng Y, Li J, Hu X. Construction of an Escherichia coli chassis for efficient biosynthesis of human-like N-linked glycoproteins. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1370685. [PMID: 38572355 PMCID: PMC10987854 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1370685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The production of N-linked glycoproteins in genetically engineered Escherichia coli holds significant potential for reducing costs, streamlining bioprocesses, and enhancing customization. However, the construction of a stable and low-cost microbial cell factory for the efficient production of humanized N-glycosylated recombinant proteins remains a formidable challenge. In this study, we developed a glyco-engineered E. coli chassis to produce N-glycosylated proteins with the human-like glycan Gal-β-1,4-GlcNAc-β-1,3-Gal-β-1,3-GlcNAc-, containing the human glycoform Gal-β-1,4-GlcNAc-β-1,3-. Our initial efforts were to replace various loci in the genome of the E. coli XL1-Blue strain with oligosaccharyltransferase PglB and the glycosyltransferases LsgCDEF to construct the E. coli chassis. In addition, we systematically optimized the promoter regions in the genome to regulate transcription levels. Subsequently, utilizing a plasmid carrying the target protein, we have successfully obtained N-glycosylated proteins with 100% tetrasaccharide modification at a yield of approximately 320 mg/L. Furthermore, we constructed the metabolic pathway for sialylation using a plasmid containing a dual-expression cassette of the target protein and CMP-sialic acid synthesis in the tetrasaccharide chassis cell, resulting in a 40% efficiency of terminal α-2,3- sialylation and a production of 65 mg/L of homogeneously sialylated glycoproteins in flasks. Our findings pave the way for further exploration of producing different linkages (α-2,3/α-2,6/α-2,8) of sialylated human-like N-glycoproteins in the periplasm of the plug-and-play E. coli chassis, laying a strong foundation for industrial-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Bao
- Academic Centre for Medical Research, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuting Gao
- Academic Centre for Medical Research, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Yitong Song
- Academic Centre for Medical Research, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Academic Centre for Medical Research, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Oligosaccharide Recombination and Recombinant Protein Modification, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Li
- Academic Centre for Medical Research, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Academic Centre for Medical Research, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Academic Centre for Medical Research, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Academic Centre for Medical Research, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Junming Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Xuejun Hu
- Academic Centre for Medical Research, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Oligosaccharide Recombination and Recombinant Protein Modification, Dalian, China
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5
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Jian X, Li C, Feng X. Strategies for modulating transglycosylation activity, substrate specificity, and product polymerization degree of engineered transglycosylases. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023; 43:1284-1298. [PMID: 36154438 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2105687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Glycosides are widely used in many fields due to their favorable biological activity. The traditional plant extractions and chemical methods for glycosides production are limited by environmentally unfriendly, laborious protecting group strategies and low yields. Alternatively, enzymatic glycosylation has drawn special attention due to its mild reaction conditions, high catalytic efficiency, and specific stereo-/regioselectivity. Glycosyltransferases (GTs) and retaining glycoside hydrolases (rGHs) are two major enzymes for the formation of glycosidic linkages. Therein GTs generally use nucleotide phosphate activated donors. In contrast, GHs can use broader simple and affordable glycosyl donors, showing great potential in industrial applications. However, most rGHs mainly show hydrolysis activity and only a few rGHs, namely non-Leloir transglycosylases (TGs), innately present strong transglycosylation activities. To address this problem, various strategies have recently been developed to successfully tailor rGHs to alleviate their hydrolysis activity and obtain the engineered TGs. This review summarizes the current modification strategies in TGs engineering, with a special focus on transglycosylation activity enhancement, substrate specificity modulation, and product polymerization degree distribution, which provides a reference for exploiting the transglycosylation potentials of rGHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Jian
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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6
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Paliya BS, Sharma VK, Tuohy MG, Singh HB, Koffas M, Benhida R, Tiwari BK, Kalaskar DM, Singh BN, Gupta VK. Bacterial glycobiotechnology: A biosynthetic route for the production of biopharmaceutical glycans. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108180. [PMID: 37236328 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The recent advancement in the human glycome and progress in the development of an inclusive network of glycosylation pathways allow the incorporation of suitable machinery for protein modification in non-natural hosts and explore novel opportunities for constructing next-generation tailored glycans and glycoconjugates. Fortunately, the emerging field of bacterial metabolic engineering has enabled the production of tailored biopolymers by harnessing living microbial factories (prokaryotes) as whole-cell biocatalysts. Microbial catalysts offer sophisticated means to develop a variety of valuable polysaccharides in bulk quantities for practical clinical applications. Glycans production through this technique is highly efficient and cost-effective, as it does not involve expensive initial materials. Metabolic glycoengineering primarily focuses on utilizing small metabolite molecules to alter biosynthetic pathways, optimization of cellular processes for glycan and glycoconjugate production, characteristic to a specific organism to produce interest tailored glycans in microbes, using preferably cheap and simple substrate. However, metabolic engineering faces one of the unique challenges, such as the need for an enzyme to catalyze desired substrate conversion when natural native substrates are already present. So, in metabolic engineering, such challenges are evaluated, and different strategies have been developed to overcome them. The generation of glycans and glycoconjugates via metabolic intermediate pathways can still be supported by glycol modeling achieved through metabolic engineering. It is evident that modern glycans engineering requires adoption of improved strain engineering strategies for creating competent glycoprotein expression platforms in bacterial hosts, in the future. These strategies include logically designing and introducing orthogonal glycosylation pathways, identifying metabolic engineering targets at the genome level, and strategically improving pathway performance (for example, through genetic modification of pathway enzymes). Here, we highlight current strategies, applications, and recent progress in metabolic engineering for producing high-value tailored glycans and their applications in biotherapeutics and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balwant S Paliya
- Herbal Nanobiotechnology Lab, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Vivek K Sharma
- Herbal Nanobiotechnology Lab, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Maria G Tuohy
- Biochemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, College of Science & Engineering, University of Galway (Ollscoil na Gaillimhe), University Road, Galway City, Ireland
| | - Harikesh B Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mattheos Koffas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Rachid Benhida
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR7272, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France; Mohamed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid 43150, Benguerir, Morocco
| | | | - Deepak M Kalaskar
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Brahma N Singh
- Herbal Nanobiotechnology Lab, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India.
| | - Vijai K Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Centre, SRUC, Barony Campus, Parkgate, Dumfries DG1 3NE, United Kingdom.
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7
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Burns K, Dorfmueller HC, Wren BW, Mawas F, Shaw HA. Progress towards a glycoconjugate vaccine against Group A Streptococcus. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:48. [PMID: 36977677 PMCID: PMC10043865 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00639-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Group A Carbohydrate (GAC) is a defining feature of Group A Streptococcus (Strep A) or Streptococcus pyogenes. It is a conserved and simple polysaccharide, comprising a rhamnose backbone and GlcNAc side chains, further decorated with glycerol phosphate on approximately 40% GlcNAc residues. Its conservation, surface exposure and antigenicity have made it an interesting focus on Strep A vaccine design. Glycoconjugates containing this conserved carbohydrate should be a key approach towards the successful mission to build a universal Strep A vaccine candidate. In this review, a brief introduction to GAC, the main carbohydrate component of Strep A bacteria, and a variety of published carrier proteins and conjugation technologies are discussed. Components and technologies should be chosen carefully for building affordable Strep A vaccine candidates, particularly for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Towards this, novel technologies are discussed, such as the prospective use of bioconjugation with PglB for rhamnose polymer conjugation and generalised modules for membrane antigens (GMMA), particularly as low-cost solutions to vaccine production. Rational design of "double-hit" conjugates encompassing species specific glycan and protein components would be beneficial and production of a conserved vaccine to target Strep A colonisation without invoking an autoimmune response would be ideal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keira Burns
- Vaccine Division, Scientific Research & Innovation Group, MHRA, Potters Bar, UK
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Helge C Dorfmueller
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Dow Street, Dundee, UK
| | - Brendan W Wren
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Fatme Mawas
- Vaccine Division, Scientific Research & Innovation Group, MHRA, Potters Bar, UK
| | - Helen A Shaw
- Vaccine Division, Scientific Research & Innovation Group, MHRA, Potters Bar, UK.
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8
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Rong Y, Jensen SI, Lindorff-Larsen K, Nielsen AT. Folding of heterologous proteins in bacterial cell factories: Cellular mechanisms and engineering strategies. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 63:108079. [PMID: 36528238 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The expression of correctly folded and functional heterologous proteins is important in many biotechnological production processes, whether it is enzymes, biopharmaceuticals or biosynthetic pathways for production of sustainable chemicals. For industrial applications, bacterial platform organisms, such as E. coli, are still broadly used due to the availability of tools and proven suitability at industrial scale. However, expression of heterologous proteins in these organisms can result in protein aggregation and low amounts of functional protein. This review provides an overview of the cellular mechanisms that can influence protein folding and expression, such as co-translational folding and assembly, chaperone binding, as well as protein quality control, across different model organisms. The knowledge of these mechanisms is then linked to different experimental methods that have been applied in order to improve functional heterologous protein folding, such as codon optimization, fusion tagging, chaperone co-production, as well as strain and protein engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Rong
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sheila Ingemann Jensen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kresten Lindorff-Larsen
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Alex Toftgaard Nielsen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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9
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2017-2018. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:227-431. [PMID: 34719822 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review is the tenth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2018. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to glycan and glycoprotein analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, new methods, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation and the use of arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Most of the applications are presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. The reported work shows increasing use of combined new techniques such as ion mobility and highlights the impact that MALDI imaging is having across a range of diciplines. MALDI is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and the range of applications continue steady progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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10
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Jaroentomeechai T, Kwon YH, Liu Y, Young O, Bhawal R, Wilson JD, Li M, Chapla DG, Moremen KW, Jewett MC, Mizrachi D, DeLisa MP. A universal glycoenzyme biosynthesis pipeline that enables efficient cell-free remodeling of glycans. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6325. [PMID: 36280670 PMCID: PMC9592599 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to reconstitute natural glycosylation pathways or prototype entirely new ones from scratch is hampered by the limited availability of functional glycoenzymes, many of which are membrane proteins that fail to express in heterologous hosts. Here, we describe a strategy for topologically converting membrane-bound glycosyltransferases (GTs) into water soluble biocatalysts, which are expressed at high levels in the cytoplasm of living cells with retention of biological activity. We demonstrate the universality of the approach through facile production of 98 difficult-to-express GTs, predominantly of human origin, across several commonly used expression platforms. Using a subset of these water-soluble enzymes, we perform structural remodeling of both free and protein-linked glycans including those found on the monoclonal antibody therapeutic trastuzumab. Overall, our strategy for rationally redesigning GTs provides an effective and versatile biosynthetic route to large quantities of diverse, enzymatically active GTs, which should find use in structure-function studies as well as in biochemical and biomedical applications involving complex glycomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thapakorn Jaroentomeechai
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Yong Hyun Kwon
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Olivia Young
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ruchika Bhawal
- Cornell Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Joshua D Wilson
- Glycobia, Inc., 33 Thornwood Drive, Suite 104, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Mingji Li
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Digantkumar G Chapla
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Michael C Jewett
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd Technological Institute E136, Evanston, IL, 60208-3120, USA
| | - Dario Mizrachi
- Department of Physiology & Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Matthew P DeLisa
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
- Cornell Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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11
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Jiang X, Bai J, Zhang H, Yuan J, Lu G, Wang Y, Jiang L, Liu B, Huang D, Feng L. Development of an O-polysaccharide based recombinant glycoconjugate vaccine in engineered E. coli against ExPEC O1. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 277:118796. [PMID: 34893224 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli O1 is a frequently identified serotype that causes serious infections and is often refractory to antimicrobial therapy. Glycoconjugate vaccine represents a promising measure to reduce ExPEC infections. Herein, we designed an O1-specific glyco-optimized chassis strain for manufacture of O-polysaccharide (OPS) antigen and OPS-based bioconjugate. Specifically, OPS and OPS-based glycoprotein were synthesized in glyco-optimized chassis strain, when compared to the unmeasurable level of the parent strain. The optimal expression of oligosaccharyltransferase and carrier protein further improved the titer. MS analysis elucidated the correct structure of resulting bioconjugate at routine and unreported glycosylation sequons of carrier protein, with a higher glycosylation efficiency. Finally, purified bioconjugate stimulated mouse to generate specific IgG antibodies and protected them against virulent ExPEC O1 challenge. The plug-and-play glyco-optimized platform is suitable for bioconjugate synthesis, thus providing a potential platform for future medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China; TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Jing Bai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China; TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Huijing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China; TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Jian Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China; TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Gege Lu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China; TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China; TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Lingyan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China; TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China; TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Di Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China; TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Lu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China; TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China.
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12
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Cui T, Man Y, Wang F, Bi S, Lin L, Xie R. Glycoenzyme Tool Development: Principles, Screening Methods, and Recent Advances
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tongxiao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) Nanjing University Nanjing, Jiagsu 210023 China
| | - Yi Man
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) Nanjing University Nanjing, Jiagsu 210023 China
| | - Feifei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) Nanjing University Nanjing, Jiagsu 210023 China
| | - Shuyang Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Bio‐organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Liang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bio‐organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Ran Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) Nanjing University Nanjing, Jiagsu 210023 China
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13
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Luo ZW, Ahn JH, Chae TU, Choi SY, Park SY, Choi Y, Kim J, Prabowo CPS, Lee JA, Yang D, Han T, Xu H, Lee SY. Metabolic Engineering of
Escherichia
coli. Metab Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527823468.ch11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Magnetosome membrane engineering to improve G protein-coupled receptor activities in the magnetosome display system. Metab Eng 2021; 67:125-132. [PMID: 34174423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacterium, Magnetospirillum magneticum, produces biogenic magnetic nanoparticles termed magnetosomes, which are primarily composed of a magnetite core and a surrounding lipid bilayer membrane. We have fabricated human transmembrane protein-magnetosome complexes by genetic engineering with embedding the transmembrane proteins of interest, in particular G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), in the magnetosome membrane. The magnetosomes provide a promising platform for high throughput ligand screening towards drug discovery, and this is a critical advantage of the magnetosome display system beyond conventional membrane platforms such as liposomes and lipid nano-discs. However, the human GPCRs expressed on the magnetosomes were not fully functionalized in bacterial membranes the most probably due to the lack of essential phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine (PC) for GPCR functionalization. To overcome this issue, we expressed two types of PC-producing enzymes, phosphatidylcholine synthase (PCS) and phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PMT) in M. magneticum. As a result, generation and incorporation of PC in cell- and magnetosome-membranes were demonstrated. To the best of our knowledge, M. magneticum is the second bacterial species which had the PC-incorporated lipid membrane by genetic engineering. Subsequently, a GPCR, thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) and PCS were simultaneously expressed. We found that PC in the magnetosome membrane assisted the binding of TSHR and its ligand, indicating that the genetic approach demonstrated in this study is useful to enhance the function of the GPCRs displayed on the magnetosomes.
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15
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Jiang X, Bai J, Yuan J, Zhang H, Lu G, Wang Y, Jiang L, Liu B, Wang L, Huang D, Feng L. High efficiency biosynthesis of O-polysaccharide-based vaccines against extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 255:117475. [PMID: 33436239 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) has presented a major clinical infection emerged in the past decades. O-polysaccharide (OPS)-based glycoconjugate vaccines produced using the bacterial glycosylation machinery can be utilized to confer protection against such infection. However, constructing a low-cost microbial cell factory for high-efficient production of OPS-based glycoconjugate vaccines remains challenging. Here, we engineered a glyco-optimized chassis strain by reprogramming metabolic network. The yield was enhanced to 38.6 mg L-1, the highest level reported so far. MS analysis showed that designed glycosylation sequon was modified by target polysaccharide with high glycosylation efficiency of 90.7 % and 76.7 % for CTB-O5 and CTB-O7, respectively. The glycoconjugate vaccines purified from this biosystem elicited a marked increase in protection against ExPEC infection in mouse model, compared to a non-optimized system. The glyco-optimized platform established here is broadly suitable for polysaccharide-based conjugate production against ExPEC and other surface-polysaccharide-producing pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China; TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Jing Bai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China; TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Jian Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China; TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Huijing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China; TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Gege Lu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China; TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China; TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Lingyan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China; TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China; TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China; TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Di Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China; TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Lu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China; TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China.
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16
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Hershewe J, Kightlinger W, Jewett MC. Cell-free systems for accelerating glycoprotein expression and biomanufacturing. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 47:977-991. [PMID: 33090335 PMCID: PMC7578589 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-020-02321-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation, the enzymatic modification of amino acid sidechains with sugar moieties, plays critical roles in cellular function, human health, and biotechnology. However, studying and producing defined glycoproteins remains challenging. Cell-free glycoprotein synthesis systems, in which protein synthesis and glycosylation are performed in crude cell extracts, offer new approaches to address these challenges. Here, we review versatile, state-of-the-art systems for biomanufacturing glycoproteins in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell-free systems with natural and synthetic N-linked glycosylation pathways. We discuss existing challenges and future opportunities in the use of cell-free systems for the design, manufacture, and study of glycoprotein biomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Hershewe
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Technological Institute E136, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208-3120, USA.,Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, 2170 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208-3120, USA.,Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Technological Institute E136, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208-3120, USA
| | - Weston Kightlinger
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Technological Institute E136, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208-3120, USA.,Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, 2170 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208-3120, USA.,Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Technological Institute E136, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208-3120, USA
| | - Michael C Jewett
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Technological Institute E136, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208-3120, USA. .,Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, 2170 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208-3120, USA. .,Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Technological Institute E136, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208-3120, USA. .,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 676 North Saint Clair Street, Suite 1200, Chicago, IL, 60611-3068, USA. .,Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior Street, Suite 11-131, Chicago, IL, 60611-2875, USA.
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17
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Jaroentomeechai T, Taw MN, Li M, Aquino A, Agashe N, Chung S, Jewett MC, DeLisa MP. Cell-Free Synthetic Glycobiology: Designing and Engineering Glycomolecules Outside of Living Cells. Front Chem 2020; 8:645. [PMID: 32850660 PMCID: PMC7403607 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycans and glycosylated biomolecules are directly involved in almost every biological process as well as the etiology of most major diseases. Hence, glycoscience knowledge is essential to efforts aimed at addressing fundamental challenges in understanding and improving human health, protecting the environment and enhancing energy security, and developing renewable and sustainable resources that can serve as the source of next-generation materials. While much progress has been made, there remains an urgent need for new tools that can overexpress structurally uniform glycans and glycoconjugates in the quantities needed for characterization and that can be used to mechanistically dissect the enzymatic reactions and multi-enzyme assembly lines that promote their construction. To address this technology gap, cell-free synthetic glycobiology has emerged as a simplified and highly modular framework to investigate, prototype, and engineer pathways for glycan biosynthesis and biomolecule glycosylation outside the confines of living cells. From nucleotide sugars to complex glycoproteins, we summarize here recent efforts that harness the power of cell-free approaches to design, build, test, and utilize glyco-enzyme reaction networks that produce desired glycomolecules in a predictable and controllable manner. We also highlight novel cell-free methods for shedding light on poorly understood aspects of diverse glycosylation processes and engineering these processes toward desired outcomes. Taken together, cell-free synthetic glycobiology represents a promising set of tools and techniques for accelerating basic glycoscience research (e.g., deciphering the "glycan code") and its application (e.g., biomanufacturing high-value glycomolecules on demand).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thapakorn Jaroentomeechai
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - May N. Taw
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Mingji Li
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Alicia Aquino
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Ninad Agashe
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Sean Chung
- Graduate Field of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Michael C. Jewett
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Matthew P. DeLisa
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Graduate Field of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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18
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Natarajan A, Jaroentomeechai T, Cabrera-Sánchez M, Mohammed JC, Cox EC, Young O, Shajahan A, Vilkhovoy M, Vadhin S, Varner JD, Azadi P, DeLisa MP. Engineering orthogonal human O-linked glycoprotein biosynthesis in bacteria. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 16:1062-1070. [PMID: 32719555 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-0595-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A major objective of synthetic glycobiology is to re-engineer existing cellular glycosylation pathways from the top down or construct non-natural ones from the bottom up for new and useful purposes. Here, we have developed a set of orthogonal pathways for eukaryotic O-linked protein glycosylation in Escherichia coli that installed the cancer-associated mucin-type glycans Tn, T, sialyl-Tn and sialyl-T onto serine residues in acceptor motifs derived from different human O-glycoproteins. These same glycoengineered bacteria were used to supply crude cell extracts enriched with glycosylation machinery that permitted cell-free construction of O-glycoproteins in a one-pot reaction. In addition, O-glycosylation-competent bacteria were able to generate an antigenically authentic Tn-MUC1 glycoform that exhibited reactivity with antibody 5E5, which specifically recognizes cancer-associated glycoforms of MUC1. We anticipate that the orthogonal glycoprotein biosynthesis pathways developed here will provide facile access to structurally diverse O-glycoforms for a range of important scientific and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thapakorn Jaroentomeechai
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Jody C Mohammed
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Emily C Cox
- Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Olivia Young
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Asif Shajahan
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Michael Vilkhovoy
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sandra Vadhin
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Varner
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Matthew P DeLisa
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. .,Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. .,Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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19
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Kightlinger W, Warfel KF, DeLisa MP, Jewett MC. Synthetic Glycobiology: Parts, Systems, and Applications. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:1534-1562. [PMID: 32526139 PMCID: PMC7372563 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation, the attachment of sugars to amino acid side chains, can endow proteins with a wide variety of properties of great interest to the engineering biology community. However, natural glycosylation systems are limited in the diversity of glycoproteins they can synthesize, the scale at which they can be harnessed for biotechnology, and the homogeneity of glycoprotein structures they can produce. Here we provide an overview of the emerging field of synthetic glycobiology, the application of synthetic biology tools and design principles to better understand and engineer glycosylation. Specifically, we focus on how the biosynthetic and analytical tools of synthetic biology have been used to redesign glycosylation systems to obtain defined glycosylation structures on proteins for diverse applications in medicine, materials, and diagnostics. We review the key biological parts available to synthetic biologists interested in engineering glycoproteins to solve compelling problems in glycoscience, describe recent efforts to construct synthetic glycoprotein synthesis systems, and outline exemplary applications as well as new opportunities in this emerging space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weston Kightlinger
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Tech E136, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center
for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Tech B486, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Katherine F. Warfel
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Tech E136, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center
for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Tech B486, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Matthew P. DeLisa
- Department
of Microbiology, Cornell University, 123 Wing Drive, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Robert
Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Nancy
E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Weill Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Michael C. Jewett
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Tech E136, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Center
for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Tech B486, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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20
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Dow JM, Mauri M, Scott TA, Wren BW. Improving protein glycan coupling technology (PGCT) for glycoconjugate vaccine production. Expert Rev Vaccines 2020; 19:507-527. [DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1775077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Mhairi Dow
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Marta Mauri
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Brendan William Wren
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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21
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Zhu J, Ruan Y, Fu X, Zhang L, Ge G, Wall JG, Zou T, Zheng Y, Ding N, Hu X. An Engineered Pathway for Production of Terminally Sialylated N-glycoproteins in the Periplasm of Escherichia coli. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:313. [PMID: 32351949 PMCID: PMC7174548 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Terminally sialylated N-glycoproteins are of great interest in therapeutic applications. Due to the inability of prokaryotes to carry out this post-translational modification, they are currently predominantly produced in eukaryotic host cells. In this study, we report a synthetic pathway to produce a terminally sialylated N-glycoprotein in the periplasm of Escherichia coli, mimicking the sialylated moiety (Neu5Ac-α-2,6-Gal-β-1,4-GlcNAc-) of human glycans. A sialylated pentasaccharide, Neu5Ac-α-2,6-Gal-β-1,4-GlcNAc-β-1,3-Gal-β-1,3-GlcNAc-, was synthesized through the activity of co-expressed glycosyltransferases LsgCDEF from Haemophilus influenzae, Campylobacter jejuni NeuBCA enzymes, and Photobacterium leiognathi α-2,6-sialyltransferase in an engineered E. coli strain which produces CMP-Neu5Ac. C. jejuni oligosaccharyltransferase PglB was used to transfer the terminally sialylated glycan onto a glyco-recognition sequence in the tenth type III cell adhesion module of human fibronectin. Sialylation of the target protein was confirmed by lectin blotting and mass spectrometry. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the successful production of terminally sialylated, homogeneous N-glycoproteins with α-2,6-linkages in the periplasm of E. coli and will facilitate the construction of E. coli strains capable of producing terminally sialylated N-glycoproteins in high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Academic Centre for Medical Research, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Yao Ruan
- Academic Centre for Medical Research, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Xin Fu
- Academic Centre for Medical Research, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Lichao Zhang
- Academic Centre for Medical Research, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Gaoshun Ge
- Academic Centre for Medical Research, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - J Gerard Wall
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM) and Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Teng Zou
- Academic Centre for Medical Research, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Academic Centre for Medical Research, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Academic Centre for Medical Research, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Xuejun Hu
- Academic Centre for Medical Research, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
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22
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Zhao C, Zhang Y, Li Y. Production of fuels and chemicals from renewable resources using engineered Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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23
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Ding N, Fu X, Ruan Y, Zhu J, Guo P, Han L, Zhang J, Hu X. Extracellular production of recombinant N-glycosylated anti-VEGFR2 monobody in leaky Escherichia coli strain. Biotechnol Lett 2019; 41:1265-1274. [PMID: 31541332 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-019-02731-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To improve the production yield of N-glycosylated anti-VEGFR2 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2) monobody (FN3VEGFR2-Gly) in lpp knockout Escherichia coli cells harboring Campylobacter jejuni N-glycosylation pathway. RESULTS The leaky CLM37-Δlpp strain efficiently secreted FN3VEGFR2-Gly into culture medium. The extracellular levels of glycosylated FN3VEGFR2-Gly in CLM37-Δlpp culture medium were approximately 11 and 15 times higher compared to those in CLM37 cells via IPTG and auto-induction, respectively. In addition, the highest level of total glycosylated FN3VEGFR2-Gly (70 ± 3.4 mg/L) was found in culture medium via auto-induction. Furthermore, glycosylated FN3VEGFR2-Gly was more stable than unglycosylated FN3VEGFR2-Gly in this expression system, but their bioactivities were relatively similar. CONCLUSIONS Lpp knockout leaky E. coli strain combined with auto-induction method can enhance the extracellular production of homogenous N-glycosylated FN3VEGFR2-Gly, and facilitate the downstream protein purification. The findings of this study may provide practical implications for the large-scale production and cost-effective harvesting of N-glycosylation proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ding
- Academic Centre for Medical Research, Medical College, Dalian University, Liaoning, 116622, China
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning, 124000, China
| | - Xin Fu
- Academic Centre for Medical Research, Medical College, Dalian University, Liaoning, 116622, China
| | - Yao Ruan
- Academic Centre for Medical Research, Medical College, Dalian University, Liaoning, 116622, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Academic Centre for Medical Research, Medical College, Dalian University, Liaoning, 116622, China
| | - Pingping Guo
- Academic Centre for Medical Research, Medical College, Dalian University, Liaoning, 116622, China
| | - Lichi Han
- Academic Centre for Medical Research, Medical College, Dalian University, Liaoning, 116622, China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning, 124000, China.
| | - Xuejun Hu
- Academic Centre for Medical Research, Medical College, Dalian University, Liaoning, 116622, China.
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Improving production of N-glycosylated recombinant proteins by leaky Escherichia coli. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:302. [PMID: 31355111 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1830-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli has been considered as a promising host for the production of N-glycosylated therapeutic proteins and glycoconjugate vaccines. In this study, we developed a simple and efficient strategy for improving the production of N-glycosylated recombinant proteins by combining auto-induction with the use of a leaky E. coli strain. A leaky E. coli strain, designated as CLM37-Δlpp, was engineered by deleting the Braun's lipoprotein (lpp) gene of E. coli strain CLM37. Three distinct acceptor model N-glycosylated proteins, glyco-tagged human tenth fibronectin type III domain (FN3-Gly), enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP-Gly), and scFv of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (scFv-VEGFR3-Gly) were then expressed in CLM37-Δlpp, which carried an N-glycosylation machinery from Campylobacter jejuni for the investigation of glycoprotein production. As much as 75%, 65%, and 60% of the glycosylated FN3-Gly, eGFP-Gly, and scFv-VEGFR3-Gly, respectively, were found in the culture medium. The yields of glycosylated FN3-Gly, eGFP-Gly, and scFv-VEGFR3-Gly were 106 ± 7.4 mg/L, 65 ± 2.5 mg/L, and 62 ± 4.3 mg/L, respectively, which were more than three folds the corresponding yields obtained when these proteins were expressed in CLM37, the unmodified strain. The results suggested that this simplified approach could improve the production of N-glycosylated proteins with E. coli to facilitate large-scale production.
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Yates LE, Natarajan A, Li M, Hale ME, Mills DC, DeLisa MP. Glyco-recoded Escherichia coli: Recombineering-based genome editing of native polysaccharide biosynthesis gene clusters. Metab Eng 2019; 53:59-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Recent advances in the production of recombinant glycoconjugate vaccines. NPJ Vaccines 2019; 4:16. [PMID: 31069118 PMCID: PMC6494827 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-019-0110-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoconjugate vaccines against bacteria are one of the success stories of modern medicine and have led to a significant reduction in the global occurrence of bacterial meningitis and pneumonia. Glycoconjugate vaccines are produced by covalently linking a bacterial polysaccharide (usually capsule, or more recently O-antigen), to a carrier protein. Given the success of glycoconjugate vaccines, it is surprising that to date only vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae type b, Neisseria meningitis and Streptococcus pneumoniae have been fully licenced. This is set to change through the glycoengineering of recombinant vaccines in bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, that act as mini factories for the production of an inexhaustible and renewable supply of pure vaccine product. The recombinant process, termed Protein Glycan Coupling Technology (PGCT) or bioconjugation, offers a low-cost option for the production of pure glycoconjugate vaccines, with the in-built flexibility of adding different glycan/protein combinations for custom made vaccines. Numerous vaccine candidates have now been made using PGCT, which include those improving existing licenced vaccines (e.g., pneumococcal), entirely new vaccines for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and (because of the low production costs) veterinary pathogens. Given the continued threat of antimicrobial resistance and the potential peril of bioterrorist agents, the production of new glycoconjugate vaccines against old and new bacterial foes is particularly timely. In this review, we will outline the component parts of bacterial PGCT, including recent advances, the advantages and limitations of the technology, and future applications and perspectives.
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Metabolic engineering of glycoprotein biosynthesis in bacteria. Emerg Top Life Sci 2018; 2:419-432. [PMID: 33525794 DOI: 10.1042/etls20180004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The demonstration more than a decade ago that glycoproteins could be produced in Escherichia coli cells equipped with the N-linked protein glycosylation machinery from Campylobacter jejuni opened the door to using simple bacteria for the expression and engineering of complex glycoproteins. Since that time, metabolic engineering has played an increasingly important role in developing and optimizing microbial cell glyco-factories for the production of diverse glycoproteins and other glycoconjugates. It is becoming clear that future progress in creating efficient glycoprotein expression platforms in bacteria will depend on the adoption of advanced strain engineering strategies such as rational design and assembly of orthogonal glycosylation pathways, genome-wide identification of metabolic engineering targets, and evolutionary engineering of pathway performance. Here, we highlight recent advances in the deployment of metabolic engineering tools and strategies to develop microbial cell glyco-factories for the production of high-value glycoprotein targets with applications in research and medicine.
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Yates LE, Mills DC, DeLisa MP. Bacterial Glycoengineering as a Biosynthetic Route to Customized Glycomolecules. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 175:167-200. [PMID: 30099598 DOI: 10.1007/10_2018_72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria have garnered increased interest in recent years as a platform for the biosynthesis of a variety of glycomolecules such as soluble oligosaccharides, surface-exposed carbohydrates, and glycoproteins. The ability to engineer commonly used laboratory species such as Escherichia coli to efficiently synthesize non-native sugar structures by recombinant expression of enzymes from various carbohydrate biosynthesis pathways has allowed for the facile generation of important products such as conjugate vaccines, glycosylated outer membrane vesicles, and a variety of other research reagents for studying and understanding the role of glycans in living systems. This chapter highlights some of the key discoveries and technologies for equipping bacteria with the requisite biosynthetic machinery to generate such products. As the bacterial glyco-toolbox continues to grow, these technologies are expected to expand the range of glycomolecules produced recombinantly in bacterial systems, thereby opening up this platform to an even larger number of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Yates
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Dominic C Mills
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Matthew P DeLisa
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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