1
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Jung S, Maeda HA. Debottlenecking the L-DOPA 4,5-dioxygenase step with enhanced tyrosine supply boosts betalain production in Nicotiana benthamiana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:2456-2471. [PMID: 38498597 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic biology provides emerging tools to produce valuable compounds in plant hosts as sustainable chemical production platforms. However, little is known about how supply and utilization of precursors is coordinated at the interface of plant primary and specialized metabolism, limiting our ability to efficiently produce high levels of target specialized metabolites in plants. L-Tyrosine is an aromatic amino acid precursor of diverse plant natural products including betalain pigments, which are used as the major natural food red colorants and more recently a visual marker for plant transformation. Here, we studied the impact of enhanced L-tyrosine supply on the production of betalain pigments by expressing arogenate dehydrogenase (TyrA) from table beet (Beta vulgaris, BvTyrAα), which has relaxed feedback inhibition by L-tyrosine. Unexpectedly, betalain levels were reduced when BvTyrAα was coexpressed with the betalain pathway genes in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves; L-tyrosine and 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-DOPA) levels were drastically elevated but not efficiently converted to betalains. An additional expression of L-DOPA 4,5-dioxygenase (DODA), but not CYP76AD1 or cyclo-DOPA 5-O-glucosyltransferase, together with BvTyrAα and the betalain pathway, drastically enhanced betalain production, indicating that DODA is a major rate-limiting step of betalain biosynthesis in this system. Learning from this initial test and further debottlenecking the DODA step maximized betalain yield to an equivalent or higher level than that in table beet. Our data suggest that balancing between enhanced supply ("push") and effective utilization ("pull") of precursor by alleviating a bottleneck step is critical in successful plant synthetic biology to produce high levels of target compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Jung
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hiroshi A Maeda
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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2
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Sadre R. Plant synthetic biology for human health: advances in producing medicines in heterologous expression systems. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 87:103142. [PMID: 38735192 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Plant synthetic biology has the capability to provide solutions to global challenges in the production and supply of medicines. Recent advances in 'omics' technologies have accelerated gene discoveries in medicinal plant research so that even multistep biosynthetic pathways for bioactive plant natural products with high structural complexity can be reconstituted in heterologous plant expression systems more rapidly. This review provides an overview of concept and strategies used to produce high-value plant natural products in heterologous plant systems and highlights recent successes in engineering the biosynthesis of conventional and new medicines in alternative plant hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radin Sadre
- Pelotonia Research Center, Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, the Ohio State University, 2255 Kenny Rd, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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3
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Jena S, Sanyal R, Jawed DM, Sengupta K, Pradhan B, Sinha SK, Sarkar B, Kumar S, Lenka SK, Naskar S, Bhadana VP, Bishi SK. Spatio-temporal expression of polyphenol oxidase unveils the dynamics of L-DOPA accumulation in faba bean ( Vicia faba L.). PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:839-850. [PMID: 38846459 PMCID: PMC11150222 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01449-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a winter season grain legume and a rich source of the anti-parkinson drug, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA). The biosynthesis of L-DOPA in plants is not uniform and remains largely unexplored. While the hydroxylase activities of Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH), the Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) class of enzymes, and Polyphenol Oxidases (PPOs) on tyrosine substrate have been reported in plants, only the roles of PPOs in L-DOPA biosynthesis have been recently established in velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens). To understand the differential accumulation of L-DOPA in different tissues of faba bean, profiling of L-Tyrosine, L-DOPA, Tyramine, and Dopamine in different tissues was performed. Differential accumulation of L-DOPA depended on tissue type and maturity. Furthermore, dopamine biosynthesis through L-DOPA from L-Tyr was confirmed in faba bean. The expression analysis of PPOs in leaf and flower tissues revealed the selective induction of only four (HePPO-2, HePPO-7, HePPO-8b, and HePPO-10) out of ten genes encoding different PPOs mined from the faba bean genome. Higher accumulation of L-DOPA in young leaves and flower buds than in mature leaves and flowers was accompanied by significantly higher expression of HePPO-10 and HePPO-7, respectively. The role of various transcription factors contributing to such metabolite dynamics was also predicted. Further exploration of this mechanism using a multi-omics approach can provide meaningful insight and pave the way for enhancing L-DOPA content in crops. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-024-01449-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sradhanjali Jena
- ICAR–Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, Jharkhand 834003 India
- The Graduate School, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Rajarshi Sanyal
- National Institute for Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Danish Md. Jawed
- ICAR–Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, Jharkhand 834003 India
| | - Kaustav Sengupta
- ICAR–Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, Jharkhand 834003 India
- Division of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Narendrapur, Kolkata, 700103 India
| | - Bhubaneswar Pradhan
- Division of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Narendrapur, Kolkata, 700103 India
| | | | - Biplab Sarkar
- ICAR–Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, Jharkhand 834003 India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- ICAR-National Institute of Secondary Agriculture, Ranchi, Jharkhand 834010 India
| | - Sangram K. Lenka
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Gujarat Biotechnology University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355 India
| | - Soumen Naskar
- ICAR–Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, Jharkhand 834003 India
| | - Vijai P. Bhadana
- ICAR–Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, Jharkhand 834003 India
| | - Sujit K. Bishi
- ICAR–Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, Jharkhand 834003 India
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4
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Martínez-Rivas FJ, Fernie AR. Metabolomics to understand metabolic regulation underpinning fruit ripening, development, and quality. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1726-1740. [PMID: 37864494 PMCID: PMC10938048 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Classically fruit ripening and development was studied using genetic approaches, with understanding of metabolic changes that occurred in concert largely focused on a handful of metabolites including sugars, organic acids, cell wall components, and phytohormones. The advent and widespread application of metabolomics has, however, led to far greater understanding of metabolic components that play a crucial role not only in this process but also in influencing the organoleptic and nutritive properties of the fruits. Here we review how the study of natural variation, mutants, transgenics, and gene-edited fruits has led to a considerable increase in our understanding of these aspects. We focus on fleshy fruits such as tomato but also review berries, receptacle fruits, and stone-bearing fruits. Finally, we offer a perspective as to how comparative analyses and machine learning will likely further improve our comprehension of the functional importance of various metabolites in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Juan Martínez-Rivas
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de Rabanales, E-14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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5
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Sears RG, Lenaghan SC, Stewart CN. AI to enable plant cell metabolic engineering. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:126-129. [PMID: 37778886 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant metabolic engineering must take into consideration the heterogeneous cell types that play a role in metabolite production; cells do not participate equally. We posit that artificial intelligence (AI) developed for biomedical purposes can be applied to plant cell characterization to accelerate the development of metabolic engineering strategies in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Sears
- Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA; Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Scott C Lenaghan
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA; Department of Food Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - C Neal Stewart
- Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA; Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA.
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6
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You S, Wu Y, Li W, Liu X, Tang Q, Huang F, Li Y, Wang H, Liu M, Zhang Y. SlERF.G3-Like mediates a hierarchical transcriptional cascade to regulate ripening and metabolic changes in tomato fruit. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:165-180. [PMID: 37750661 PMCID: PMC10754011 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The tomato ripening process contains complex changes, including ethylene signalling, cell wall softening and numerous metabolic changes. So far, much is still unknown about how tomato plants precisely coordinate fruit maturation and metabolic regulation. In this paper, the ERF family transcription factor SlERF.G3-Like in tomato was found to be involved in the regulation of ethylene synthesis, cell wall degradation and the flavonoid pathway. We show that the master ripening regulator SlRIN was found to directly bind to the promoter region of SlERF.G3-Like to activate its expression. In addition, we managed to increase the production of resveratrol derivatives from ~1.44 mg/g DW in E8:VvStSy line to ~2.43 mg/g DW by crossing p35S: SlERF.G3-Like with the E8:VvStSy line. Our data provide direct evidence that SlERF.G3-Like, a hierarchical transcriptional factor, can directly manipulate pathways in which tomatoes can coordinate fruit maturation and metabolic changes. We also attest that SlERF.G3-Like can be used as an effective tool for phenylpropanoid metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie You
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐resource and Eco‐environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐resource and Eco‐environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐resource and Eco‐environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐resource and Eco‐environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Qinlan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐resource and Eco‐environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Fengkun Huang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan UniversityHainan Yazhou Bay Seed LaboratorySanyaChina
- College of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Yan Li
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan UniversityHainan Yazhou Bay Seed LaboratorySanyaChina
- College of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Hsihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐resource and Eco‐environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Mingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐resource and Eco‐environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐resource and Eco‐environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPeople's Republic of China
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7
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Yao L, Wu X, Jiang X, Shan M, Zhang Z, Li Y, Yang A, Li Y, Yang C. Subcellular compartmentalization in the biosynthesis and engineering of plant natural products. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108258. [PMID: 37722606 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant natural products (PNPs) are specialized metabolites with diverse bioactivities. They are extensively used in the pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical and food industries. PNPs are synthesized in plant cells by enzymes that are distributed in different subcellular compartments with unique microenvironments, such as ions, co-factors and substrates. Plant metabolic engineering is an emerging and promising approach for the sustainable production of PNPs, for which the knowledge of the subcellular compartmentalization of their biosynthesis is instrumental. In this review we describe the state of the art on the role of subcellular compartments in the biosynthesis of major types of PNPs, including terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids and glucosinolates, and highlight the efforts to target biosynthetic pathways to subcellular compartments in plants. In addition, we will discuss the challenges and strategies in the field of plant synthetic biology and subcellular engineering. We expect that newly developed methods and tools, together with the knowledge gained from the microbial chassis, will greatly advance plant metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yao
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Xiuming Wu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Xun Jiang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Muhammad Shan
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Zhuoxiang Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Yiting Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Aiguo Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Yu Li
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Changqing Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China.
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8
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Yeo HJ, Ki WY, Lee S, Kim CY, Kim JK, Park SU, Park CH. Metabolite profiles and biological activities of different phenotypes of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. Pekinensis). Food Res Int 2023; 174:113619. [PMID: 37981381 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Chinese cabbage is considered as one of the most important cruciferous vegetables in South Korea because of its use in salads, kimchi, and Korean cuisine. Secondary metabolites were quantified in three Chinese cabbage varieties: 65065, interspecific hybrid of Chinese cabbage × red cabbage exhibiting a deep purple color; 85772, interspecific hybrid of Chinese cabbage × red mustard exhibiting a reddish-purple color; and a typical Chinese green cabbage cultivar "CR Carotene" (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis cv. CR Carotene). A total of 54 metabolites (2 amines, 2 sugar alcohols, 2 sugar phosphates, 6 carbohydrates, 18 amino acids, 13 organic acids, 8 phenolic compounds, and 3 carotenoids) were detected in 85772. Of them, 52 metabolites excluding β-carotene and 9-cis-β-carotene, and 51 metabolites excluding leucine, β-carotene, and 9-cis-β-carotene, were detected in 65065 and CR Carotene, respectively. Amino acid content was the highest in 85772, followed by 65065 and CR Carotene. The cultivars 65065 and 85772 contained high levels of phenolic compounds and total anthocyanins. Cyanidin-, pelargonidin-, and petunidin-type anthocyanins were detected in 65065 and 85772. However, delphinidin-type anthocyanins which typically impart a deep purple color were identified only in the deep purple phenotype 65065. Furthermore, the total anthocyanin content was the highest in 85772 (4.38 ± 0.65 mg g -1 dry weight) followed by that in 65065 (3.72 ± 0.52 mg g-1 dry weight). Antibacterial and antioxidant analyses revealed remarkable antibacterial effects of the purple cultivars against pathogens Vibrio parahaemolyticus (KCTC 2471), Bacillus cereus (KCTC 3624), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (KCCM 11803), Staphylococcus aureus (KCTC 3881), Chryseobacterium gleum (KCTC 2094), and Proteus mirabilis (KCTC 2510)] and methicillin-resistant pathogenic strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (0826, 0225, 0254, 1113, 1378, 1731, p01827, and p01828) compared with the antibacterial effects of CR Carotene. Furthermore, 65065 and 85772 exhibited significantly higher antioxidant activity than that of the CR Carotene. Therefore, the novel purple Chinese cabbages (65065 and 85772), derived from interspecific hybridization, are potentially favorable alternatives to the typical green Chinese cabbage, given the higher content of amino acids, phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, and carotenoids, as well as an increased ability to scavenge free radicals and inhibit pathogen growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Ji Yeo
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Yeal Ki
- Kwonnong Seed Co., 186 Pungnyeon-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28394, Republic of Korea
| | - Seom Lee
- Major in Biological Sciences, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Cha Young Kim
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea; Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang Ha Park
- Major in Biological Sciences, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Heterologous mogrosides biosynthesis in cucumber and tomato by genetic manipulation. Commun Biol 2023; 6:191. [PMID: 36805532 PMCID: PMC9938114 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04553-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mogrosides are widely used as high-value natural zero-calorie sweeteners that exhibit an array of biological activities and allow for vegetable flavour breeding by modern molecular biotechnology. In this study, we developed an In-fusion based gene stacking strategy for transgene stacking and a multi-gene vector harbouring 6 mogrosides biosynthesis genes and transformed it into Cucumis sativus and Lycopersicon esculentum. Here we show that transgenic cucumber can produce mogroside V and siamenoside I at 587 ng/g FW and 113 ng/g FW, respectively, and cultivated transgenic tomato with mogroside III. This study provides a strategy for vegetable flavour improvement, paving the way for heterologous biosynthesis of mogrosides.
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10
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Quantitative Methods for Metabolite Analysis in Metabolic Engineering. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-022-0200-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Yeo HJ, Park CH, Kim JK, Sathasivam R, Jeong JC, Kim CY, Park SU. Effects of Chilling Treatment on Baicalin, Baicalein, and Wogonin Biosynthesis in Scutellaria baicalensis Plantlets. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11212958. [PMID: 36365410 PMCID: PMC9655760 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
When plants are exposed to stressful conditions, they modulate their nutrient balance by regulating their primary and secondary metabolisms to adapt. In this study, changes in primary and secondary metabolites elicited by chilling stress treatment and the effects of treatment duration were examined in roots of Scutellaria baicalensis (S. baicalensis) plantlets. The concentrations of most sugars (maltose, glucose, sucrose, and fructose) and of several amino acids (proline and GABA), which are crucial regarding plant defense mechanisms, increased with increasing duration of chilling stress. Furthermore, salicylic acid levels increased after two-day chilling treatments, which may enhance plant tolerance to cold temperatures. The concentrations of flavones (baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin) increased during chilling stress, and those of phenolic acids (ferulic acid and sinapic acid) increased after two-day chilling treatments. The concentrations of these flavones were positively correlated with sucrose levels which acted as energy sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Ji Yeo
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup 56212, Korea
| | - Chang Ha Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Keimyung University, Dalgubeol-daero 1095, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Ramaraj Sathasivam
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jae Cheol Jeong
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup 56212, Korea
| | - Cha Young Kim
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup 56212, Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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12
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Yin Z, Dong T, Huang W, Du M, Chen D, Fernie AR, Yi G, Yan S. Spatially resolved metabolomics reveals variety-specific metabolic changes in banana pulp during postharvest senescence. Food Chem X 2022; 15:100371. [PMID: 35769331 PMCID: PMC9234350 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Both post-ripening stages and banana varieties contribute to metabolite variation. AuNP-assisted LDI-MSI was firstly used in mapping functional metabolites in pulps. AAs and monoamines exclusively accumulated in the middle region near the seed zone. Monosaccharides locate in whole pulps but enrich in the intermediate microregion. Di/trisaccharides exhibit different accumulation patterns as monosaccharides.
Banana is one of most popular fruits globally due to health-promoting and disease-preventing effects, yet little is known about in situ metabolic changes across banana varieties. Here, we integrated gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (LDI-MSI) and metabolomics to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution and levels of metabolites within Brazil and Dongguan banana pulps during postharvest senescence. Metabolomics results indicated that both postripening stages and banana varieties contribute to metabolite levels. Benefiting from improved ionization efficiency of small-molecule metabolites and less peak interference, we visualized the spatiotemporal distribution of sugars, amino acids (AAs) and monoamines within pulps using AuNP-assisted LDI-MSI for the first time, revealing that AAs and monoamines exclusively accumulated in the middle region near the seed zone. Monosaccharides and di/trisaccharides were generally distributed across entire pulps but exhibited different accumulation patterns. These findings provide a guide for breeding new varieties and improving extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Yin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Tao Dong
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Mingyi Du
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muhlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Ganjun Yi
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Shijuan Yan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Corresponding authors.
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Liao J, Liu T, Xie L, Mo C, Huang X, Cui S, Jia X, Lan F, Luo Z, Ma X. Plant Metabolic Engineering by Multigene Stacking: Synthesis of Diverse Mogrosides. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810422. [PMID: 36142335 PMCID: PMC9499096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mogrosides are a group of health-promoting natural products that extracted from Siraitia grosvenorii fruit (Luo-han-guo or monk fruit), which exhibited a promising practical application in natural sweeteners and pharmaceutical development. However, the production of mogrosides is inadequate to meet the need worldwide, and uneconomical synthetic chemistry methods are not generally recommended for structural complexity. To address this issue, an in-fusion based gene stacking strategy (IGS) for multigene stacking has been developed to assemble 6 mogrosides synthase genes in pCAMBIA1300. Metabolic engineering of Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis thaliana to produce mogrosides from 2,3-oxidosqualene was carried out. Moreover, a validated HPLC-MS/MS method was used for the quantitative analysis of mogrosides in transgenic plants. Herein, engineered Arabidopsis thaliana produced siamenoside I ranging from 29.65 to 1036.96 ng/g FW, and the content of mogroside III at 202.75 ng/g FW, respectively. The production of mogroside III was from 148.30 to 252.73 ng/g FW, and mogroside II-E with concentration between 339.27 and 5663.55 ng/g FW in the engineered tobacco, respectively. This study provides information potentially applicable to develop a powerful and green toolkit for the production of mogrosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liao
- The Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Tingyao Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Lei Xie
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Changming Mo
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Lab, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Xiyang Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Shengrong Cui
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xunli Jia
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fusheng Lan
- Guilin GFS Monk Fruit Corp, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Zuliang Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (X.M.); Tel.: +86-(010)-57833155 (X.M.)
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (X.M.); Tel.: +86-(010)-57833155 (X.M.)
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14
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Dorostgou Z, Yadegar N, Dorostgou Z, Khorvash F, Vakili O. Novel insights into the role of circular RNAs in Parkinson disease: An emerging renaissance in the management of neurodegenerative diseases. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:1775-1790. [PMID: 35642104 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), as a debilitating neurodegenerative disease, particularly affects the elderly population, and is clinically identified by resting tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Pathophysiologically, PD is characterized by an early loss of dopaminergic neurons in the Substantia nigra pars compacta, accompanied by the extensive aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) in the form of Lewy bodies. The onset of PD has been reported to be influenced by multiple biological molecules. In this context, circular RNAs (circRNAs), as tissue-specific noncoding RNAs with closed structures, have been recently demonstrated to involve in a set of PD's pathogenic processes. These RNA molecules can either up- or downregulate the expression of α-Syn, as well as moderating its accumulation through different regulatory mechanisms, in which targeting microRNAs (miRNAs) is considered the most common pathway. Since circRNAs have prominent structural and biological characteristics, they could also be considered as promising candidates for PD diagnosis and treatment. Unfortunately, PD has become a global health concern, and a large number of its pathogenic processes are still unclear; thus, it is crucial to elucidate the ambiguous aspects of PD pathophysiology to improve the efficiency of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. In line with this fact, the current review aims to highlight the interplay between circRNAs and PD pathogenesis, and then discusses the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of circRNAs in PD progression. This study will thus be the first of its kind reviewing the relationship between circRNAs and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Dorostgou
- Department of Biochemistry, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Negar Yadegar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zeynab Dorostgou
- Department of Biology, Kavian Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fariborz Khorvash
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Al-zahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Omid Vakili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Tian C, Zhang Y, Li J, Wang Y. Benchmarking Intrinsic Promoters and Terminators for Plant Synthetic Biology Research. BIODESIGN RESEARCH 2022; 2022:9834989. [PMID: 37850139 PMCID: PMC10521690 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9834989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging plant synthetic metabolic engineering has been exhibiting great promise to produce either value-added metabolites or therapeutic proteins. However, promoters for plant pathway engineering are generally selected empirically. The quantitative characterization of plant-based promoters is essential for optimal control of gene expression in plant chassis. Here, we used N. benthamiana leaves and BY2 suspension cells to quantitatively characterize a library of plant promoters by transient expression of firefly/Renilla luciferase. We validated the dual-luciferase reporter system by examining the correlation between reporter protein and mRNA levels. In addition, we investigated the effects of terminator-promoter combinations on gene expression and found that the combinations of promoters and terminators resulted in a 326-fold difference between the strongest and weakest performance, as reflected in reporter gene expression. As a proof of concept, we used the quantitatively characterized promoters to engineer the betalain pathway in N. benthamiana. Seven selected plant promoters with different expression strengths were used orthogonally to express CYP76AD1 and DODA, resulting in a final betalain production range of 6.0-362.4 μg/g fresh weight. Our systematic approach not only demonstrates the various intensities of multiple promoter sequences in N. benthamiana and BY2 cells but also adds to the toolbox of plant promoters for plant engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfei Tian
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yong Wang
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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Heterologous Biosynthesis of Health-Promoting Baicalein in Lycopersicon esculentum. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103086. [PMID: 35630564 PMCID: PMC9146059 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Baicalein is a valuable flavonoid isolated from the medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, which exhibits intensive biological activities, such as anticancer and antiviral activities. However, its production is limited in the root with low yield. In this study, In-Fusion and 2A peptide linker were developed to assemble SbCLL-7, SbCHI, SbCHS-2, SbFNSII-2 and SbCYP82D1.1 genes driven by the AtPD7, CaMV 35S and AtUBQ10 promoters with HSP, E9 and NOS terminators, and were used to engineer baicalein biosynthesis in transgenic tomato plants. The genetically modified tomato plants with this construct synthesized baicalein, ranging from 150 ng/g to 558 ng/g FW (fresh weight). Baicalein-fortified tomatoes have the potential to be health-promoting fresh vegetables and provide an alternative source of baicalein production, with great prospects for market application.
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Park S, Mani V, Kim JA, Lee SI, Lee K. Combinatorial transient gene expression strategies to enhance terpenoid production in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1034893. [PMID: 36582649 PMCID: PMC9793405 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1034893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The monoterpenoid linalool and sesquiterpenoid costunolide are ubiquitous plant components that have been economically exploited for their respective essential oils and pharmaceutical benefits. In general, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are produced by the plastid 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) and cytosolic mevalonate (MVA) pathways, respectively. Herein, we investigated the individual and combinatorial potential of MEP and MVA pathway genes in increasing linalool and costunolide production in Nicotiana benthamiana. METHODS First, six genes from the MEP (1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase, 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase, geranyl pyrophosphate synthase, and linalool synthase) and MVA (acetoacetyl-CoA-thiolase, hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase, germacrene A synthase, germacrene A oxidase, and costunolide synthase) pathways were separately cloned into the modular cloning (MoClo) golden gateway cassette. Second, the cassettes were transformed individually or in combination into the leaves of N. benthamiana by agroinfiltration. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Five days post infiltration (DPI), all selected genes were transiently 5- to 94-fold overexpressed. Quantification using gas chromatography-Q-orbitrap-mass spectrometry (GC-Q-Orbitrap-MS) determined that the individual and combinatorial expression of MEP genes increased linalool production up to 50-90ng.mg-1 fresh leaf weight. Likewise, MVA genes increased costunolide production up to 70-90ng.mg-1 fresh leaf weight. Our findings highlight that the transient expression of MEP and MVA pathway genes (individually or in combination) enhances linalool and costunolide production in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kijong Lee
- *Correspondence: Kijong Lee, ; Vimalraj Mani,
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18
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Mortimer JC, Gilliham M. SpaceHort: redesigning plants to support space exploration and on-earth sustainability. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 73:246-252. [PMID: 34563931 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Crewed missions to Mars are planned within the next twenty years. Production of food and materials in situ will eventually be necessary for mission success. This will require the development of crops which can thrive in environments we can sustain in Space. Here, we discuss the challenges we must solve to provide adequate nutrition to support long term Space habitation. Further, we propose that plants are an ideal biomanufacturing platform for producing pharmaceuticals and biomaterials on demand. Designing Space plants requires advances in our ability to engineer plant biology in a predictive manner. Parallel development of suitable tightly controlled growth environments, including extensive monitoring and sensing, will also be a key enabler. Collectively, such research promises to deliver solutions for progressing sustainable closed environment agriculture on Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny C Mortimer
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia; Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia.
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Breitel D, Brett P, Alseekh S, Fernie AR, Butelli E, Martin C. Diverting tyrosine: Data from untargeted metabolic analysis of tomato fruit accumulating L-DOPA. Data Brief 2021; 34:106678. [PMID: 33409346 PMCID: PMC7773851 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
L-DOPA, also known as Levodopa or L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, is synthesised in plants from the amino acid tyrosine, through oxidation. Conversion of tyrosine to L-DOPA constitues the first step of betalain biosynthesis in plants. Recently, the gene responsible for this step was identified in beetroot, BvCYP76AD6, that is the source of yellow and purple betalain pigments. Overexpression of this gene, specifically in tomato fruit, led to accumulation of L-DOPA that otherwise is not detectable [1]. Co-expression of the Arabidopsis transcription factor, AtMYB12, in fruit, increased L-DOPA levels further. To study the metabolic changes in these fruit, we performed untargeted metabolite analysis of ripe fruit: GC-MS was performed to identify changes in primary metabolites, LC-MS analysis was used to identify alterations in specialised metabolites. These data can be used to study the impact of diversion of tyrosine in fruit, accompanied by the accumulation of L-DOPA in planta and to identify new biological roles associated with the accumulation of these metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Breitel
- Department of Metabolic Biology and Biological Chemistry, The John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Paul Brett
- Department of Metabolic Biology and Biological Chemistry, The John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Muhlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Muhlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Eugenio Butelli
- Department of Metabolic Biology and Biological Chemistry, The John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Cathie Martin
- Department of Metabolic Biology and Biological Chemistry, The John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
- Corresponding author.
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