1
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Desmurget C, Frentzel J, Strembitska A, Sobkowiak K, Perilleux A, Souquet J, Borth N, Douet J. Combined approach of selective and accelerated cloning for microfluidic chip-based system increases clone specific productivity. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300488. [PMID: 38803036 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Improving current cell line development workflows can either focus on increasing the specific productivity of the cell lines or shortening timelines to reach the clinic as fast as possible. In this work, using the Beacon platform, we have combined two distinct protocols - early cloning with low-viability pools, and IgG membrane staining-, to concomitantly reach both objectives, and generate highly productive CHO clones in shorter timelines. Fast-sorting approaches using low-viability pools in combination with the Beacon platform have recently been reported to shorten CLD timelines. However, the low recovery led to a drastic reduction in the clone number obtained postcloning. Here, we report a combined approach of fast-sorting and fluorescent membrane staining. With this new protocol, the cells reach a correct recovery, allowing to fully exploit the Beacon screening capacities. In addition, by using a fluorescent staining recognizing the secreted IgG, we were able to enrich the fraction of highly secreting cells prior to cloning and we obtained significant increases in the cell's specific productivity. The combination of these two protocols has a synergistic effect, and as they help discarding the dead and nonproducing populations prior to cloning, they increase the throughput power of the Beacon platform and the detection of super productive clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Desmurget
- Merck Biotech Development Center, Ares Trading SA (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Fenil-sur-Corsier, Switzerland
| | - Julie Frentzel
- Merck Biotech Development Center, Ares Trading SA (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Fenil-sur-Corsier, Switzerland
| | - Anastasiya Strembitska
- Merck Biotech Development Center, Ares Trading SA (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Fenil-sur-Corsier, Switzerland
| | - Katarzyna Sobkowiak
- Merck Biotech Development Center, Ares Trading SA (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Fenil-sur-Corsier, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Perilleux
- Merck Biotech Development Center, Ares Trading SA (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Fenil-sur-Corsier, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Souquet
- Merck Biotech Development Center, Ares Trading SA (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Fenil-sur-Corsier, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Borth
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julien Douet
- Merck Biotech Development Center, Ares Trading SA (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Fenil-sur-Corsier, Switzerland
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2
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Grob A, Enrico Bena C, Di Blasi R, Pessina D, Sood M, Yunyue Z, Bosia C, Isalan M, Ceroni F. Mammalian cell growth characterisation by a non-invasive plate reader assay. Nat Commun 2024; 15:57. [PMID: 38167870 PMCID: PMC10761699 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Automated and non-invasive mammalian cell analysis is currently lagging behind due to a lack of methods suitable for a variety of cell lines and applications. Here, we report the development of a high throughput non-invasive method for tracking mammalian cell growth and performance based on plate reader measurements. We show the method to be suitable for both suspension and adhesion cell lines, and we demonstrate it can be adopted when cells are grown under different environmental conditions. We establish that the method is suitable to inform on effective drug treatments to be used depending on the cell line considered, and that it can support characterisation of engineered mammalian cells over time. This work provides the scientific community with an innovative approach to mammalian cell screening, also contributing to the current efforts towards high throughput and automated mammalian cell engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Grob
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Chiara Enrico Bena
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Torino, Italy
- Université Paris-Saclay (INRAE), AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Roberto Di Blasi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Daniele Pessina
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew Sood
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Zhou Yunyue
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carla Bosia
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Torino, Italy.
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - Mark Isalan
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Francesca Ceroni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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3
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Grob A, Enrico Bena C, Redwood-Sawyerr C, Polizzi K, Bosia C, Isalan M, Ceroni F. Simultaneous Plate-Reader Characterization of Promoter Activity and Cell Growth in Engineered Mammalian Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2844:85-96. [PMID: 39068333 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-4063-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Automated high-throughput methods that support tracking of mammalian cell growth are currently needed to advance cell line characterization and identification of desired genetic components required for cell engineering. Here, we describe a high-throughput noninvasive assay based on plate reader measurements. The assay relies on the change in absorbance of the pH indicator phenol red. We show that its basic and acidic absorbance profiles can be converted into a cell growth index consistent with cell count profiles, and that, by adopting a computational pipeline and calibration measurements, it is possible to identify a conversion that enables prediction of cell numbers from plate measurements alone. The assay is suitable for growth characterization of both suspension and adherent cell lines when these are grown under different environmental conditions and treated with chemotherapeutic drugs. The method also supports characterization of stably engineered cell lines and identification of desired promoters based on fluorescence output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Grob
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Chiara Enrico Bena
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Torino, Italy
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Chileab Redwood-Sawyerr
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Karen Polizzi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Carla Bosia
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Torino, Italy
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Mark Isalan
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Francesca Ceroni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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4
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Yang W, Zhang J, Xiao Y, Li W, Wang T. Screening Strategies for High-Yield Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Clones. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:858478. [PMID: 35782513 PMCID: PMC9247297 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.858478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are by far the most commonly used mammalian expression system for recombinant expression of therapeutic proteins in the pharmaceutical industry. The development of high-yield stable cell lines requires processes of transfection, selection, screening and adaptation, among which the screening process requires tremendous time and determines the level of forming highly productive monoclonal cell lines. Therefore, how to achieve productive cell lines is a major question prior to industrial manufacturing. Cell line development (CLD) is one of the most critical steps in the production of recombinant therapeutic proteins. Generation of high-yield cell clones is mainly based on the time-consuming, laborious process of selection and screening. With the increase in recombinant therapeutic proteins expressed by CHO cells, CLD has become a major bottleneck in obtaining cell lines for manufacturing. The basic principles for CLD include preliminary screening for high-yield cell pool, single-cell isolation and improvement of productivity, clonality and stability. With the development of modern analysis and testing technologies, various screening methods have been used for CLD to enhance the selection efficiency of high-yield clonal cells. This review provides a comprehensive overview on preliminary screening methods for high-yield cell pool based on drug selective pressure. Moreover, we focus on high throughput methods for isolating high-yield cell clones and increasing the productivity and stability, as well as new screening strategies used for the biopharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Junhe Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang, China
- Institutes of Health Central Plains, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Tianyun Wang, ; Junhe Zhang,
| | - Yunxi Xiao
- Institutes of Health Central Plains, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wenqing Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tianyun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Tianyun Wang, ; Junhe Zhang,
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5
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Schellenberg J, Nagraik T, Wohlenberg OJ, Ruhl S, Bahnemann J, Scheper T, Solle D. Stress‐induced increase of monoclonal antibody production in CHO cells. Eng Life Sci 2022; 22:427-436. [PMID: 35573136 PMCID: PMC9077828 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202100062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are of great interest to the biopharmaceutical industry due to their widely used application as human therapeutic and diagnostic agents. As such, mAb require to exhibit human‐like glycolization patterns. Therefore, recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the favored production organisms; many relevant biopharmaceuticals are already produced by this cell type. To optimize the mAb yield in CHO DG44 cells a corelation between stress‐induced cell size expansion and increased specific productivity was investigated. CO2 and macronutrient supply of the cells during a 12‐day fed‐batch cultivation process were tested as stress factors. Shake flasks (500 mL) and a small‐scale bioreactor system (15 mL) were used for the cultivation experiments and compared in terms of their effect on cell diameter, integral viable cell concentration (IVCC), and cell‐specific productivity. The achieved stress‐induced increase in cell‐specific productivity of up to 94.94.9%–134.4% correlates to a cell diameter shift of up to 7.34 μm. The highest final product titer of 4 g/L was reached by glucose oversupply during the batch phase of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Schellenberg
- Institut für Technische Chemie Leibniz Universität Hannover Hannover Germany
| | - Tamanna Nagraik
- Institut für Technische Chemie Leibniz Universität Hannover Hannover Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Ruhl
- Field Application Specialist – Cell Culture Technologies Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH Göttingen Germany
| | - Janina Bahnemann
- Institut für Technische Chemie Leibniz Universität Hannover Hannover Germany
| | - Thomas Scheper
- Institut für Technische Chemie Leibniz Universität Hannover Hannover Germany
| | - Dörte Solle
- Institut für Technische Chemie Leibniz Universität Hannover Hannover Germany
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6
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Meyer KV, Siller IG, Schellenberg J, Gonzalez Salcedo A, Solle D, Matuszczyk J, Scheper T, Bahnemann J. Monitoring cell productivity for the production of recombinant proteins by flow cytometry: An effective application using the cold capture assay. Eng Life Sci 2021; 21:288-293. [PMID: 33976601 PMCID: PMC8092981 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the increasing economic and social relevance of biotherapeutics, their production processes are continually being reconsidered and reoptimized in an effort to secure higher product concentrations and qualities. Monitoring the productivity of cultured cells is therefore a critically important part of the cultivation process. Traditionally, this is achieved by determining the overall product titer by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and then calculating the specific cell productivity based on this titer and an associated viable cell density. Unfortunately, this process is typically time-consuming and laborious. In this study, the productivity of Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells expressing a monoclonal antibody was analyzed over the course of the cultivation process. In addition to calculating the specific cell productivity based on the traditional product titer determined by HPLC analysis, culture productivity of single cells was also analyzed via flow cytometry using a cold capture assay. The cold capture assay is a cell surface labelling technique described by Brezinsky et al., which allows for the visualization of a product on the surface of the producing cell. The cell productivity results obtained via HPLC and the results of cold capture assay remained in great accordance over the whole cultivation process. Accordingly, our study demonstrates that the cold capture assay offers an interesting, comparatively time-effective, and potentially cheaper alternative for monitoring the productivity of a cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina V. Meyer
- Institute of Technical ChemistryLeibniz University HannoverHannoverGermany
| | - Ina G. Siller
- Institute of Technical ChemistryLeibniz University HannoverHannoverGermany
| | - Jana Schellenberg
- Institute of Technical ChemistryLeibniz University HannoverHannoverGermany
| | | | - Dörte Solle
- Institute of Technical ChemistryLeibniz University HannoverHannoverGermany
| | | | - Thomas Scheper
- Institute of Technical ChemistryLeibniz University HannoverHannoverGermany
| | - Janina Bahnemann
- Institute of Technical ChemistryLeibniz University HannoverHannoverGermany
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7
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Aebischer-Gumy C, Moretti P, Ollier R, Ries Fecourt C, Rousseau F, Bertschinger M. SPLICELECT™: an adaptable cell surface display technology based on alternative splicing allowing the qualitative and quantitative prediction of secreted product at a single-cell level. MAbs 2021; 12:1709333. [PMID: 31955651 PMCID: PMC6973322 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1709333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a mammalian expression construct (SPLICELECT™) that allows the redirection of a proportion of a secreted protein onto the cell surface using alternative splicing: whereas the majority of the RNA is spliced into a transcript encoding a secreted protein, a weak splice donor site yields a secondary transcript encoding, in addition, a C-terminal transmembrane domain. The different sequence elements can be modified in order to modulate the level of cell surface display and of secretion in an independent manner. In this work, we demonstrated that the cell surface display of stable cell lines is correlated with the level of the secreted protein of interest, but also with the level of heterodimerization in the case of a bispecific antibody. It was also shown that this construct may be useful for rapid screening of multiple antibody candidates in binding assays following transient transfection. Thus, the correlation of product quantity and quality of the secreted and of membrane-displayed product in combination with the flexibility of the construct with regards to cell surface display/secretion levels make SPLICELECT™ a valuable tool with many potential applications, not limited to industrial cell line development or antibody engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel Aebischer-Gumy
- Cell Sciences, Ichnos Sciences SA (formerly Glenmark Pharmaceuticals SA), La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Moretti
- Cell Sciences, Ichnos Sciences SA (formerly Glenmark Pharmaceuticals SA), La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland
| | - Romain Ollier
- Antibody Engineering, Ichnos Sciences SA (formerly Glenmark Pharmaceuticals SA), La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Ries Fecourt
- Antibody Engineering, Ichnos Sciences SA (formerly Glenmark Pharmaceuticals SA), La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland
| | - François Rousseau
- Antibody Engineering, Ichnos Sciences SA (formerly Glenmark Pharmaceuticals SA), La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland
| | - Martin Bertschinger
- Cell Sciences, Ichnos Sciences SA (formerly Glenmark Pharmaceuticals SA), La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland
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8
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Paul K, Hartmann T, Posch C, Behrens D, Herwig C. Investigation of cell line specific responses to pH inhomogeneity and consequences for process design. Eng Life Sci 2020; 20:412-421. [PMID: 32944016 PMCID: PMC7481767 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing bioreactor volumes, the mixing time of the reactor increases as well, which creates an inhomogeneous environment for the cells. This can result in impaired process performance in large-scale production reactors. Particularly the addition of base through the reactor headspace can be problematic, since it creates an area, where cells are repeatedly exposed to an increased pH. The aim of this study is to simulate this large-scale phenomenon at lab-scale and investigate its impact. Two different cell lines were exposed to pH amplitudes of a maximal magnitude of 0.05 units (pH of 6.95). Both cell lines showed similar responses, like decreased viable cell counts, but unaffected lactate levels. However, cell line B showed an initially increased specific productivity in response to the introduced amplitudes, whereas cell line A showed a consistently lower specific productivity. Furthermore, the time point at which base addition is started influences the impact, which pH amplitudes have on process performance. When pH control was started earlier in the process, maximal viable cell counts decreased and the lactate metabolic shift was less pronounced. These results show that the potential negative impact of pH amplitudes can be minimized by strategic process design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Paul
- Institute of ChemicalEnvironmental and Bioscience EngineeringTU WienViennaAustria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved BioprocessesTU WienViennaAustria
| | - Thomas Hartmann
- Institute of ChemicalEnvironmental and Bioscience EngineeringTU WienViennaAustria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved BioprocessesTU WienViennaAustria
| | | | | | - Christoph Herwig
- Institute of ChemicalEnvironmental and Bioscience EngineeringTU WienViennaAustria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved BioprocessesTU WienViennaAustria
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9
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Paul K, Herwig C. Scale-down simulators for mammalian cell culture as tools to access the impact of inhomogeneities occurring in large-scale bioreactors. Eng Life Sci 2020; 20:197-204. [PMID: 32874183 PMCID: PMC7447876 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201900162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During the scale-up of a bioprocess, not all characteristics of the process can be kept constant throughout the different scales. This typically results in increased mixing times with increasing reactor volumes. The poor mixing leads in turn to the formation of concentration gradients throughout the reactor and exposes cells to varying external conditions based on their location in the bioreactor. This can affect process performance and complicate process scale-up. Scale-down simulators, which aim at replicating the large-scale environment, expose the cells to changing environmental conditions. This has the potential to reveal adaptation mechanisms, which cells are using to adjust to rapidly fluctuating environmental conditions and can identify possible root causes for difficulties maintaining similar process performance at different scales. This understanding is of utmost importance in process validation. Additionally, these simulators also have the potential to be used for selecting cells, which are most robust when encountering changing extracellular conditions. The aim of this review is to summarize recent work in this interesting and promising area with the focus on mammalian bioprocesses, since microbial processes have been extensively reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Paul
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience EngineeringViennaAustria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved BioprocessesViennaAustria
| | - Christoph Herwig
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience EngineeringViennaAustria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved BioprocessesViennaAustria
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10
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Chakrabarti L, Zhuang L, Roy G, Bowen MA, Dall’Acqua WF, Hawley‐Nelson P, Marelli M. Amber suppression coupled with inducible surface display identifies cells with high recombinant protein productivity. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:793-804. [PMID: 30536645 PMCID: PMC6590230 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell line development (CLD) for biotherapeutics is a time- and resource-intensive process requiring the isolation and screening of large numbers of clones to identify high producers. Novel methods aimed at enhancing cell line screening efficiency using markers predictive of productivity early in the CLD process are needed to reliably generate high-yielding cell lines. To enable efficient and selective isolation of antibody expressing Chinese hamster ovary cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, we developed a strategy for the expression of antibodies containing a switchable membrane-associated domain to anchor an antibody to the membrane of the expressing cell. The switchable nature of the membrane domain is governed by the function of an orthogonal aminoacyl transfer RNA synthetase/tRNApyl pair, which directs a nonnatural amino acid (nnAA) to an amber codon encoded between the antibody and the membrane anchor. The process is "switchable" in response to nnAA in the medium, enabling a rapid transition between the surface display and secretion. We demonstrate that the level of cell surface display correlates with productivity and provides a method for enriching phenotypically stable high-producer cells. The strategy provides a means for selecting high-producing cells with potential applications to multiple biotherapeutic protein formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Chakrabarti
- Cell Culture and Fermentation Science, MedImmuneGaithersburgMaryland
| | - Li Zhuang
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmuneGaithersburgMaryland
| | - Gargi Roy
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmuneGaithersburgMaryland
| | - Michael A. Bowen
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmuneGaithersburgMaryland
| | | | - Pam Hawley‐Nelson
- Cell Culture and Fermentation Science, MedImmuneGaithersburgMaryland
| | - Marcello Marelli
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmuneGaithersburgMaryland
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11
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Chakrabarti L, Mathew A, Li L, Han S, Klover J, Albanetti T, Hawley-Nelson P. Mitochondrial membrane potential identifies cells with high recombinant protein productivity. J Immunol Methods 2019; 464:31-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Neutsch L, Kroll P, Brunner M, Pansy A, Kovar M, Herwig C, Klein T. Media photo-degradation in pharmaceutical biotechnology - impact of ambient light on media quality, cell physiology, and IgG production in CHO cultures. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (OXFORD, OXFORDSHIRE : 1986) 2018; 93:2141-2151. [PMID: 30069078 PMCID: PMC6055871 DOI: 10.1002/jctb.5643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many vital components in bioprocess media are prone to photo-conversion or photo-degradation upon exposure to ambient light, with severe negative consequences for biomass yield and overall productivity. However, there is only limited awareness of light irradiation as a potential risk factor when working in transparent glass bioreactors, storage vessels or disposable bag systems. The chemical complexity of most media renders a root-cause analysis difficult. This study investigated in a novel, holistic approach how light-induced changes in media composition relate to alterations in radical burden, cell physiology, morphology, and product formation in industrial Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) bioprocesses. RESULTS Two media formulations from proprietary and commercial sources were tested in a pre-hoc light exposure scenario prior to cultivation. Using fluorescence excitation/emission (EEM) matrix spectroscopy, a photo-sensitization of riboflavin was identified as a likely cause for drastically decreased IgG titers (up to -80%) and specific growth rates (-50% to -90%). Up to three-fold higher radical levels were observed in photo-degraded medium. On the biological side, this resulted in significant changes in cell morphology and aberrations in the normal IgG biosynthesis/secretion pathway. CONCLUSION These findings clearly illustrate the underrated impact of room light after only short periods of exposure, occurring accidentally or knowingly during bioprocess development and scale- up. The detrimental effects, which may share a common mechanistic cause at the molecular level, correlate well with changes in spectroscopic properties. This offers new perspectives for online monitoring concepts, and improved detectability of such effects in future. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by JohnWiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Neutsch
- Research Division Biochemical EngineeringVienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical EngineeringViennaAustria
| | - Paul Kroll
- Research Division Biochemical EngineeringVienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical EngineeringViennaAustria
- CD Laboratory on Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved BioprocessesVienna University of TechnologyViennaAustria
| | - Matthias Brunner
- Research Division Biochemical EngineeringVienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical EngineeringViennaAustria
- CD Laboratory on Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved BioprocessesVienna University of TechnologyViennaAustria
| | - Alexander Pansy
- Research Division Biochemical EngineeringVienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical EngineeringViennaAustria
- CD Laboratory on Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved BioprocessesVienna University of TechnologyViennaAustria
| | - Michael Kovar
- Research Division Biochemical EngineeringVienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical EngineeringViennaAustria
- CD Laboratory on Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved BioprocessesVienna University of TechnologyViennaAustria
| | - Christoph Herwig
- Research Division Biochemical EngineeringVienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical EngineeringViennaAustria
- CD Laboratory on Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved BioprocessesVienna University of TechnologyViennaAustria
| | - Tobias Klein
- Research Division Biochemical EngineeringVienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical EngineeringViennaAustria
- CD Laboratory on Mechanistic and Physiological Methods for Improved BioprocessesVienna University of TechnologyViennaAustria
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13
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Poitevin Y, Pontini G, Fischer N, Kosco-Vilbois M, Elson G. Magnetic sorting of membrane associated IgG for phenotype-based selection of stable antibody producing cells. J Immunol Methods 2017; 444:1-6. [PMID: 28189705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To establish a simple and widely accessible technique for rapidly selecting high producing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells engineered to express a monoclonal antibody (mAb), we have exploited the transient display of recombinant protein on their cell surface. In combination with magnetic bead-based methods, we demonstrate the ability to select for cells of high productivity in the absence of any metabolic-based selection method. This technique is sufficient to obtain genetically stable engineered CHO cells via a single step of cell subcloning and yields sought-after stable, high IgG producing clonal cell lines. This technique may also be applied to other types of cells as well as polyclonal Ab cell pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Poitevin
- Novimmune SA, 14 chemin des Aulx 1228 Plan-Les-Ouates, Switzerland.
| | - G Pontini
- Novimmune SA, 14 chemin des Aulx 1228 Plan-Les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - N Fischer
- Novimmune SA, 14 chemin des Aulx 1228 Plan-Les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - M Kosco-Vilbois
- Novimmune SA, 14 chemin des Aulx 1228 Plan-Les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - G Elson
- Novimmune SA, 14 chemin des Aulx 1228 Plan-Les-Ouates, Switzerland
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14
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Shen W, Li W, Hixon JA, Andrews C, Durum SK. Visualization of IL-22-expressing Lymphocytes Using Reporter Mice. J Vis Exp 2017:54710. [PMID: 28190033 PMCID: PMC5352292 DOI: 10.3791/54710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Reporter mice have been widely used to observe the localization of expression of targeted genes. This protocol focuses on a strategy to establish a new transgenic reporter mouse model. We chose to visualize interleukin (IL) 22 gene expression because this cytokine has important activities in the intestine, where it contributes to repair tissues damaged by inflammation. Reporter systems offer considerable advantages over other methods of identifying products in vivo. In the case of IL-22, other studies had first isolated cells from tissues and then re-stimulated the cells in vitro. IL-22, which is normally secreted, was trapped inside cells using a drug, and intracellular staining was used to visualize it. This method identifies cells capable of producing IL-22, but it does not determine whether they were doing so in vivo. The reporter design includes inserting a gene for a fluorescent protein (tdTomato) into the IL-22 gene in such a way that the fluorescent protein cannot be secreted and therefore remains trapped inside the producing cells in vivo. Fluorescent producers can then be visualized in tissue sections or by ex vivo analysis through flow cytometry. The actual construction process for the reporter included recombineering a bacterial artificial chromosome that contained the IL-22 gene. This engineered chromosome was then introduced into the mouse genome. Homeostatic IL-22 reporter expression was observed in different mouse tissues, including the spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, Peyer's patch, and intestine, by flow cytometry analysis. Colitis was induced by T-cell (CD4+CD45RBhigh) transfer, and reporter expression was visualized. Positive T cells were first present in the mesenteric lymph nodes, and then they accumulated inside the lamina propria of the distal small intestine and colon tissues. The strategy using BACs gave good-fidelity reporter expression compared to IL-22 expression, and it is simpler than knock-in procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Wenqing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Julie A Hixon
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Caroline Andrews
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Scott K Durum
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health;
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15
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Priola JJ, Calzadilla N, Baumann M, Borth N, Tate CG, Betenbaugh MJ. High-throughput screening and selection of mammalian cells for enhanced protein production. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:853-65. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J. Priola
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Nathan Calzadilla
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore MD USA
| | | | - Nicole Borth
- Department of Biotechnology; Universität für Bodenkultur; Vienna Austria
| | | | - Michael J. Betenbaugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore MD USA
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16
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Ehgartner D, Herwig C, Neutsch L. At-line determination of spore inoculum quality in Penicillium chrysogenum bioprocesses. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:5363-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7319-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Xie M, Fussenegger M. Mammalian designer cells: Engineering principles and biomedical applications. Biotechnol J 2015; 10:1005-18. [PMID: 26010998 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Biotechnology is a widely interdisciplinary field focusing on the use of living cells or organisms to solve established problems in medicine, food production and agriculture. Synthetic biology, the science of engineering complex biological systems that do not exist in nature, continues to provide the biotechnology industry with tools, technologies and intellectual property leading to improved cellular performance. One key aspect of synthetic biology is the engineering of deliberately reprogrammed designer cells whose behavior can be controlled over time and space. This review discusses the most commonly used techniques to engineer mammalian designer cells; while control elements acting on the transcriptional and translational levels of target gene expression determine the kinetic and dynamic profiles, coupling them to a variety of extracellular stimuli permits their remote control with user-defined trigger signals. Designer mammalian cells with novel or improved biological functions not only directly improve the production efficiency during biopharmaceutical manufacturing but also open the door for cell-based treatment strategies in molecular and translational medicine. In the future, the rational combination of multiple sets of designer cells could permit the construction and regulation of higher-order systems with increased complexity, thereby enabling the molecular reprogramming of tissues, organisms or even populations with highest precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqi Xie
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Fussenegger
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland. .,Faculty of Life Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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18
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Raphael MP, Christodoulides JA, Delehanty JB, Long JP, Byers JM. Quantitative imaging of protein secretions from single cells in real time. Biophys J 2014; 105:602-8. [PMID: 23931308 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein secretions from individual cells create spatially and temporally varying concentration profiles in the extracellular environment, which guide a wide range of biological processes such as wound healing and angiogenesis. Fluorescent and colorimetric probes for the detection of single cell secretions have time resolutions that range from hours to days, and as a result, little is known about how individual cells may alter their protein secretion rates on the timescale of minutes or seconds. Here, we present a label-free technique based upon nanoplasmonic imaging, which enabled the measurement of individual cell secretions in real time. When applied to the detection of antibody secretions from single hybridoma cells, the enhanced time resolution revealed two modes of secretion: one in which the cell secreted continuously and another in which antibodies were released in concentrated bursts that coincided with minute-long morphological contractions of the cell. From the continuous secretion measurements we determined the local concentration of antibodies at the sensing array closest to the cell and from the bursts we estimated the diffusion constant of the secreted antibodies through the extracellular media. The design also incorporates transmitted light and fluorescence microscopy capabilities for monitoring cellular morphological changes and intracellular fluorescent labels. We anticipate that this technique can be adapted as a general tool for the quantitative study of paracrine signaling in both adherent and nonadherent cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc P Raphael
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC, USA.
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20
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Datta P, Linhardt RJ, Sharfstein ST. An 'omics approach towards CHO cell engineering. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 110:1255-71. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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21
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Analysis of two distinct mycelial populations in liquid-grown Streptomyces cultures using a flow cytometry-based proteomics approach. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 96:1301-12. [PMID: 23070651 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4490-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Streptomycetes are proficient producers of enzymes and antibiotics. When grown in bioreactors, these filamentous microorganisms form mycelial pellets that consist of interconnected hyphae. We here employed a flow cytometry approach designed for large particles (COPAS) and demonstrate that liquid-grown Streptomyces cultures consist of two distinct populations of pellets. One population consists of mycelia with a constant mean diameter of approximately 260 μm, whereas the other population contains larger mycelia whose diameter depends on the strain, the age of the culture, and medium composition. Quantitative proteomics analysis revealed that 37 proteins differed in abundance between the two populations of pellets. Stress-related proteins and biosynthetic proteins for production of the calcium-dependent antibiotic were more abundant in the population of large mycelia, while proteins involved in DNA topology, modification, or degradation were overrepresented in the population of small mycelia. Deletion of genes for the cellulose synthase-like protein CslA and the chaplins affected the average size of the population of large pellets but not that of small pellets. Considering the fact that the production of enzymes and metabolites depends on pellet size, these results provide new leads toward rational strain design of Streptomyces strains tailored for industrial fermentations.
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