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Li P, Messina G, Lehner CF. Nuclear elongation during spermiogenesis depends on physical linkage of nuclear pore complexes to bundled microtubules by Drosophila Mst27D. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010837. [PMID: 37428798 PMCID: PMC10359004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermatozoa in animal species are usually highly elongated cells with a long motile tail attached to a head that contains the haploid genome in a compact and often elongated nucleus. In Drosophila melanogaster, the nucleus is compacted two hundred-fold in volume during spermiogenesis and re-modeled into a needle that is thirty-fold longer than its diameter. Nuclear elongation is preceded by a striking relocalization of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). While NPCs are initially located throughout the nuclear envelope (NE) around the spherical nucleus of early round spermatids, they are later confined to one hemisphere. In the cytoplasm adjacent to this NPC-containing NE, the so-called dense complex with a strong bundle of microtubules is assembled. While this conspicuous proximity argued for functional significance of NPC-NE and microtubule bundle, experimental confirmation of their contributions to nuclear elongation has not yet been reported. Our functional characterization of the spermatid specific Mst27D protein now resolves this deficit. We demonstrate that Mst27D establishes physical linkage between NPC-NE and dense complex. The C-terminal region of Mst27D binds to the nuclear pore protein Nup358. The N-terminal CH domain of Mst27D, which is similar to that of EB1 family proteins, binds to microtubules. At high expression levels, Mst27D promotes bundling of microtubules in cultured cells. Microscopic analyses indicated co-localization of Mst27D with Nup358 and with the microtubule bundles of the dense complex. Time-lapse imaging revealed that nuclear elongation is accompanied by a progressive bundling of microtubules into a single elongated bundle. In Mst27D null mutants, this bundling process does not occur and nuclear elongation is abnormal. Thus, we propose that Mst27D permits normal nuclear elongation by promoting the attachment of the NPC-NE to the microtubules of the dense complex, as well as the progressive bundling of these microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- Department of Molecular Life Science (DMLS), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Molecular Life Science (DMLS), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian F Lehner
- Department of Molecular Life Science (DMLS), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Hoareau M, de Noiron J, Colin J, Guénal I. Mass Purification Protocol for Drosophila melanogaster Wing Imaginal Discs: An Alternative to Dissection to Obtain Large Numbers of Disc Cells. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1384. [PMID: 36290290 PMCID: PMC9598552 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster imaginal discs are larval internal structures that become the external organs of the adult. They have been used to study numerous developmental processes for more than fifty years. Dissecting these imaginal discs for collection is challenging, as the size of third-instar larvae organs is typically less than 1 mm. Certain experimental applications of the organs require many cells, which requires researchers to spend several hours dissecting them. This paper proposes an alternative to dissection in the form of a mass enrichment protocol. The protocol enables the recovery of many wing imaginal discs by grinding large quantities of third-instar larvae and separating the organs using filtration and a density gradient. The wing imaginal discs collected with this protocol in less than three hours are as well preserved as those collected by dissection. The dissociation and filtration of the extract allow the isolation of a large amount of wing imaginal disc cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Hoareau
- LGBC, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, PSL Research University, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Juliette de Noiron
- LGBC, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, PSL Research University, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Jessie Colin
- LGBC, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, PSL Research University, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Guénal
- LGBC, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
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3
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Weber J, Kabakci Z, Chaurasia S, Brunner E, Lehner CF. Chromosome separation during Drosophila male meiosis I requires separase-mediated cleavage of the homolog conjunction protein UNO. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008928. [PMID: 33001976 PMCID: PMC7529252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular chromosome segregation during the first meiotic division requires prior pairing of homologous chromosomes into bivalents. During canonical meiosis, linkage between homologous chromosomes is maintained until late metaphase I by chiasmata resulting from meiotic recombination in combination with distal sister chromatid cohesion. Separase-mediated elimination of cohesin from chromosome arms at the end of metaphase I permits terminalization of chiasmata and homolog segregation to opposite spindle poles during anaphase I. Interestingly, separase is also required for bivalent splitting during meiosis I in Drosophila males, where homologs are conjoined by an alternative mechanism independent of meiotic recombination and cohesin. Here we report the identification of a novel alternative homolog conjunction protein encoded by the previously uncharacterized gene univalents only (uno). The univalents that are present in uno null mutants at the start of meiosis I, instead of normal bivalents, are segregated randomly. In wild type, UNO protein is detected in dots associated with bivalent chromosomes and most abundantly at the localized pairing site of the sex chromosomes. UNO is cleaved by separase. Expression of a mutant UNO version with a non-functional separase cleavage site restores homolog conjunction in a uno null background. However, separation of bivalents during meiosis I is completely abrogated by this non-cleavable UNO version. Therefore, we propose that homolog separation during Drosophila male meiosis I is triggered by separase-mediated cleavage of UNO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Weber
- Department of Molecular Life Science (DMLS), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zeynep Kabakci
- Department of Molecular Life Science (DMLS), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Soumya Chaurasia
- Department of Molecular Life Science (DMLS), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erich Brunner
- Department of Molecular Life Science (DMLS), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian F. Lehner
- Department of Molecular Life Science (DMLS), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Spletter ML, Barz C, Yeroslaviz A, Zhang X, Lemke SB, Bonnard A, Brunner E, Cardone G, Basler K, Habermann BH, Schnorrer F. A transcriptomics resource reveals a transcriptional transition during ordered sarcomere morphogenesis in flight muscle. eLife 2018; 7:34058. [PMID: 29846170 PMCID: PMC6005683 DOI: 10.7554/elife.34058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscles organise pseudo-crystalline arrays of actin, myosin and titin filaments to build force-producing sarcomeres. To study sarcomerogenesis, we have generated a transcriptomics resource of developing Drosophila flight muscles and identified 40 distinct expression profile clusters. Strikingly, most sarcomeric components group in two clusters, which are strongly induced after all myofibrils have been assembled, indicating a transcriptional transition during myofibrillogenesis. Following myofibril assembly, many short sarcomeres are added to each myofibril. Subsequently, all sarcomeres mature, reaching 1.5 µm diameter and 3.2 µm length and acquiring stretch-sensitivity. The efficient induction of the transcriptional transition during myofibrillogenesis, including the transcriptional boost of sarcomeric components, requires in part the transcriptional regulator Spalt major. As a consequence of Spalt knock-down, sarcomere maturation is defective and fibers fail to gain stretch-sensitivity. Together, this defines an ordered sarcomere morphogenesis process under precise transcriptional control - a concept that may also apply to vertebrate muscle or heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Spletter
- Muscle Dynamics GroupMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
- Biomedical Center, Physiological ChemistryLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenMartinsriedGermany
| | - Christiane Barz
- Muscle Dynamics GroupMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Assa Yeroslaviz
- Computational Biology GroupMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Xu Zhang
- Muscle Dynamics GroupMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDMMarseilleFrance
- School of Life Science and EngineeringFoshan UniversityGuangdongChina
| | - Sandra B Lemke
- Muscle Dynamics GroupMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Adrien Bonnard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDMMarseilleFrance
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, TAGCMarseilleFrance
| | - Erich Brunner
- Institute of Molecular Life SciencesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Giovanni Cardone
- Imaging FacilityMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Konrad Basler
- Institute of Molecular Life SciencesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Bianca H Habermann
- Computational Biology GroupMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDMMarseilleFrance
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, TAGCMarseilleFrance
| | - Frank Schnorrer
- Muscle Dynamics GroupMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDMMarseilleFrance
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Marty F, Rago G, Smith DF, Gao X, Eijkel GB, MacAleese L, Bonn M, Brunner E, Basler K, Heeren RMA. Combining Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Imaging Mass Spectrometry and CARS Microspectroscopy Reveals Lipid Patterns Reminiscent of Gene Expression Patterns in the Wing Imaginal Disc of Drosophila melanogaster. Anal Chem 2017; 89:9664-9670. [PMID: 28727418 PMCID: PMC5607455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Using
label-free ToF-SIMS imaging mass spectrometry, we generated
a map of small molecules differentially expressed in the Drosophila wing imaginal disc. The distributions of these moieties were in
line with gene expression patterns observed during wing imaginal disc
development. Combining ToF-SIMS imaging and coherent anti-Stokes Raman
spectroscopy (CARS) microspectroscopy allowed us to locally identify
acylglycerols as the main constituents of the pattern differentiating
the future body wall tissue from the wing blade tissue. The findings
presented herein clearly demonstrate that lipid localization patterns
are strongly correlated with a developmental gene expression. From
this correlation, we hypothesize that lipids play a so far unrecognized
role in organ development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Marty
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gianluca Rago
- FOM-Institute AMOLF , Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Donald F Smith
- FOM-Institute AMOLF , Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- Institutional Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , 8403 Floyd Curl Drive, MC-7760 San Antonio, Texas, United States
| | - Gert B Eijkel
- FOM-Institute AMOLF , Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University , Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Luke MacAleese
- FOM-Institute AMOLF , Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mischa Bonn
- FOM-Institute AMOLF , Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Erich Brunner
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Konrad Basler
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ron M A Heeren
- FOM-Institute AMOLF , Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University , Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Schertel C, Albarca M, Rockel-Bauer C, Kelley NW, Bischof J, Hens K, van Nimwegen E, Basler K, Deplancke B. A large-scale, in vivo transcription factor screen defines bivalent chromatin as a key property of regulatory factors mediating Drosophila wing development. Genome Res 2015; 25:514-23. [PMID: 25568052 PMCID: PMC4381523 DOI: 10.1101/gr.181305.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are key regulators of cell fate. The estimated 755 genes that encode DNA binding domain-containing proteins comprise ∼ 5% of all Drosophila genes. However, the majority has remained uncharacterized so far due to the lack of proper genetic tools. We generated 594 site-directed transgenic Drosophila lines that contain integrations of individual UAS-TF constructs to facilitate spatiotemporally controlled misexpression in vivo. All transgenes were expressed in the developing wing, and two-thirds induced specific phenotypic defects. In vivo knockdown of the same genes yielded a phenotype for 50%, with both methods indicating a great potential for misexpression to characterize novel functions in wing growth, patterning, and development. Thus, our UAS-TF library provides an important addition to the genetic toolbox of Drosophila research, enabling the identification of several novel wing development-related TFs. In parallel, we established the chromatin landscape of wing imaginal discs by ChIP-seq analyses of five chromatin marks and RNA Pol II. Subsequent clustering revealed six distinct chromatin states, with two clusters showing enrichment for both active and repressive marks. TFs that carry such "bivalent" chromatin are highly enriched for causing misexpression phenotypes in the wing, and analysis of existing expression data shows that these TFs tend to be differentially expressed across the wing disc. Thus, bivalently marked chromatin can be used as a marker for spatially regulated TFs that are functionally relevant in a developing tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Schertel
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monica Albarca
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Rockel-Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas W Kelley
- Biozentrum, University of Basel and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Bischof
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Korneel Hens
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Erik van Nimwegen
- Biozentrum, University of Basel and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Konrad Basler
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Bart Deplancke
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
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