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Zhang Q, Duan Q, Gao Y, He P, Huang R, Huang H, Li Y, Ma G, Zhang Y, Nie K, Wang L. Cerebral Microvascular Injury Induced by Lag3-Dependent α-Synuclein Fibril Endocytosis Exacerbates Cognitive Impairment in a Mouse Model of α-Synucleinopathies. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301903. [PMID: 37381656 PMCID: PMC10477873 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The pathological accumulation of α-synuclein (α-Syn) and the transmission of misfolded α-Syn underlie α-synucleinopathies. Increased plasma α-Syn levels are associated with cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, and dementia with Lewy bodies, but it is still unknown whether the cognitive deficits in α-synucleinopathies have a common vascular pathological origin. Here, it is reported that combined injection of α-Syn preformed fibrils (PFFs) in the unilateral substantia nigra pars compacta, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex results in impaired spatial learning and memory abilities at 6 months post-injection and that this cognitive decline is related to cerebral microvascular injury. Moreover, insoluble α-Syn inclusions are found to form in primary mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs) through lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (Lag3)-dependent α-Syn PFFs endocytosis, causing poly(ADP-ribose)-driven cell death and reducing the expression of tight junction proteins in BMVECs. Knockout of Lag3 in vitro prevents α-Syn PFFs from entering BMVECs, thereby reducing the abovementioned response induced by α-Syn PFFs. Deletion of endothelial cell-specific Lag3 in vivo reverses the negative effects of α-Syn PFFs on cerebral microvessels and cognitive function. In short, this study reveals the effectiveness of targeting Lag3 to block the spread of α-Syn fibrils to endothelial cells in order to improve cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxi Zhang
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Neuroscience InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhou510100China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Qingrui Duan
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Neuroscience InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Yuyuan Gao
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Neuroscience InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Peikun He
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Neuroscience InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Neuroscience InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Haifeng Huang
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Neuroscience InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Yanyi Li
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Neuroscience InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Guixian Ma
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Neuroscience InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Yuhu Zhang
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Neuroscience InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Kun Nie
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Neuroscience InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Neuroscience InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative DiseasesGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510080China
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2
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Pelicci S, Furia L, Pelicci PG, Faretta M. Correlative Multi-Modal Microscopy: A Novel Pipeline for Optimizing Fluorescence Microscopy Resolutions in Biological Applications. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030354. [PMID: 36766696 PMCID: PMC9913119 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The modern fluorescence microscope is the convergence point of technologies with different performances in terms of statistical sampling, number of simultaneously analyzed signals, and spatial resolution. However, the best results are usually obtained by maximizing only one of these parameters and finding a compromise for the others, a limitation that can become particularly significant when applied to cell biology and that can reduce the spreading of novel optical microscopy tools among research laboratories. Super resolution microscopy and, in particular, molecular localization-based approaches provide a spatial resolution and a molecular localization precision able to explore the scale of macromolecular complexes in situ. However, its use is limited to restricted regions, and consequently few cells, and frequently no more than one or two parameters. Correlative microscopy, obtained by the fusion of different optical technologies, can consequently surpass this barrier by merging results from different spatial scales. We discuss here the use of an acquisition and analysis correlative microscopy pipeline to obtain high statistical sampling, high content, and maximum spatial resolution by combining widefield, confocal, and molecular localization microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pelicci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Furia
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Pier Giuseppe Pelicci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Faretta
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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3
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Zöldi M, Katona I. STORM Super-Resolution Imaging of CB 1 Receptors in Tissue Preparations. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2576:437-451. [PMID: 36152208 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2728-0_36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) opened new possibilities to study the spatial arrangement of molecular distribution and disease-associated redistribution at a previously unprecedented resolution that was not achievable with optical microscopy approaches. Recent discoveries based on SMLM techniques uncovered specific nanoscale organizational principles of signaling proteins in several biological systems including the chemical synapses in the brain. Emerging data suggest that the spatial arrangement of the molecular players of the endocannabinoid system is also precisely regulated at the nanoscale level in synapses and in other neuronal and glial subcellular compartments. The precise nanoscale distribution pattern is likely to be important to subserve several specific signaling functions of this important messenger system in a cell-type- and subcellular domain-specific manner.STochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (STORM) is an especially suitable SMLM modality for cell-type-specific nanoscale molecular imaging due to its compatibility with traditional diffraction-limited microscopy approaches and classical staining methods. Here, we describe a detailed protocol for STORM imaging in mouse brain tissue samples with a focus on the CB1 cannabinoid receptor, one of the most abundant synaptic receptors in the brain. We also summarize important conceptual and methodical details that are essential for the valid interpretation of single-molecule localization microscopy data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Zöldi
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, IN, USA
- School of Ph.D. Studies, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Katona
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, IN, USA.
- Momentum Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
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4
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Hobson CM, Aaron JS. Combining multiple fluorescence imaging techniques in biology: when one microscope is not enough. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:tp1. [PMID: 35549314 PMCID: PMC9265156 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-10-0506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
While fluorescence microscopy has proven to be an exceedingly useful tool in bioscience, it is difficult to offer simultaneous high resolution, fast speed, large volume, and good biocompatibility in a single imaging technique. Thus, when determining the image data required to quantitatively test a complex biological hypothesis, it often becomes evident that multiple imaging techniques are necessary. Recent years have seen an explosion in development of novel fluorescence microscopy techniques, each of which features a unique suite of capabilities. In this Technical Perspective, we highlight recent studies to illustrate the benefits, and often the necessity, of combining multiple fluorescence microscopy modalities. We provide guidance in choosing optimal technique combinations to effectively address a biological question. Ultimately, we aim to promote a more well-rounded approach in designing fluorescence microscopy experiments, leading to more robust quantitative insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad M. Hobson
- Advanced Imaging Center, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147
| | - Jesse S. Aaron
- Advanced Imaging Center, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147
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5
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Hou Y, Bai J, Shen X, de Langen O, Li A, Lal S, Dos Remedios CG, Baddeley D, Ruygrok PN, Soeller C, Crossman DJ. Nanoscale Organisation of Ryanodine Receptors and Junctophilin-2 in the Failing Human Heart. Front Physiol 2021; 12:724372. [PMID: 34690801 PMCID: PMC8531480 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.724372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The disrupted organisation of the ryanodine receptors (RyR) and junctophilin (JPH) is thought to underpin the transverse tubule (t-tubule) remodelling in a failing heart. Here, we assessed the nanoscale organisation of these two key proteins in the failing human heart. Recently, an advanced feature of the t-tubule remodelling identified large flattened t-tubules called t-sheets, that were several microns wide. Previously, we reported that in the failing heart, the dilated t-tubules up to ~1 μm wide had increased collagen, and we hypothesised that the t-sheets would also be associated with collagen deposits. Direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM), confocal microscopy, and western blotting were used to evaluate the cellular distribution of excitation-contraction structures in the cardiac myocytes from patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM) compared to myocytes from the non-failing (NF) human heart. The dSTORM imaging of RyR and JPH found no difference in the colocalisation between IDCM and NF myocytes, but there was a higher colocalisation at the t-tubule and sarcolemma compared to the corbular regions. Western blots revealed no change in the JPH expression but did identify a ~50% downregulation of RyR (p = 0.02). The dSTORM imaging revealed a trend for the smaller t-tubular RyR clusters (~24%) and reduced the t-tubular RyR cluster density (~35%) that resulted in a 50% reduction of t-tubular RyR tetramers in the IDCM myocytes (p < 0.01). Confocal microscopy identified the t-sheets in all the IDCM hearts examined and found that they are associated with the reticular collagen fibres within the lumen. However, the size and density of the RyR clusters were similar in the myocyte regions associated with t-sheets and t-tubules. T-tubule remodelling is associated with a reduced RyR expression that may contribute to the reduced excitation-contraction coupling in the failing human heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Hou
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jizhong Bai
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Xin Shen
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oscar de Langen
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Amy Li
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
| | - Sean Lal
- Faculty of Medicine and Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - David Baddeley
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter N Ruygrok
- Department of Cardiology, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - David J Crossman
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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6
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Hurley ME, Sheard TMD, Norman R, Kirton HM, Shah SS, Pervolaraki E, Yang Z, Gamper N, White E, Steele D, Jayasinghe I. A correlative super-resolution protocol to visualise structural underpinnings of fast second-messenger signalling in primary cell types. Methods 2021; 193:27-37. [PMID: 33059034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanometre-scale cellular information obtained through super-resolution microscopies are often unaccompanied by functional information, particularly transient and diffusible signals through which life is orchestrated in the nano-micrometre spatial scale. We describe a correlative imaging protocol which allows the ubiquitous intracellular second messenger, calcium (Ca2+), to be directly visualised against nanoscale patterns of the ryanodine receptor (RyR) Ca2+ channels which give rise to these Ca2+ signals in wildtype primary cells. This was achieved by combining total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) imaging of the elementary Ca2+ signals, with the subsequent DNA-PAINT imaging of the RyRs. We report a straightforward image analysis protocol of feature extraction and image alignment between correlative datasets and demonstrate how such data can be used to visually identify the ensembles of Ca2+ channels that are locally activated during the genesis of cytoplasmic Ca2+ signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam E Hurley
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Thomas M D Sheard
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Ruth Norman
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Hannah M Kirton
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Shihab S Shah
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Eleftheria Pervolaraki
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Zhaokang Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Nikita Gamper
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Ed White
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Derek Steele
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Izzy Jayasinghe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
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7
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Marin Z, Graff M, Barentine AES, Soeller C, Chung KKH, Fuentes LA, Baddeley D. PYMEVisualize: an open-source tool for exploring 3D super-resolution data. Nat Methods 2021; 18:582-584. [PMID: 34002092 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-021-01165-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zach Marin
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael Graff
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew E S Barentine
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christian Soeller
- Living Systems Institute and Biomedical Physics, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Kenny Kwok Hin Chung
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lukas A Fuentes
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David Baddeley
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. .,Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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8
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Cai Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Song KH, Beckmann L, Djalilian A, Sun C, Zhang HF. Super-resolution imaging of flat-mounted whole mouse cornea. Exp Eye Res 2021; 205:108499. [PMID: 33610603 PMCID: PMC8043998 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Super-resolution microscopy revolutionized biomedical research with significantly improved imaging resolution down to the molecular scale. To date, only limited studies reported multi-color super-resolution imaging of thin tissue slices mainly because of unavailable staining protocols and incompatible imaging techniques. Here, we show the first super-resolution imaging of flat-mounted whole mouse cornea using single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM). We optimized immunofluorescence staining protocols for β-Tubulin, Vimentin, Peroxisome marker (PMP70), and Histone-H4 in whole mouse corneas. Using the optimized staining protocols, we imaged these four intracellular protein structures in the epithelium and endothelium layers of flat-mounted mouse corneas. We also achieved simultaneous two-color spectroscopic SMLM (sSMLM) imaging of β-Tubulin and Histone-H4 in corneal endothelial cells. The spatial localization precision of sSMLM in these studies was around 20-nm. This work sets the stage for investigating multiple intracellular alterations in corneal diseases at a nanoscopic resolution using whole corneal flat-mount beyond cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Zheyuan Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Ki-Hee Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Lisa Beckmann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Ali Djalilian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Cheng Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Hao F Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
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9
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Repeat DNA-PAINT suppresses background and non-specific signals in optical nanoscopy. Nat Commun 2021; 12:501. [PMID: 33479249 PMCID: PMC7820506 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20686-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA-PAINT is a versatile optical super-resolution technique relying on the transient binding of fluorescent DNA ‘imagers’ to target epitopes. Its performance in biological samples is often constrained by strong background signals and non-specific binding events, both exacerbated by high imager concentrations. Here we describe Repeat DNA-PAINT, a method that enables a substantial reduction in imager concentration, thus suppressing spurious signals. Additionally, Repeat DNA-PAINT reduces photoinduced target-site loss and can accelerate sampling, all without affecting spatial resolution. DNA-PAINT is a super-resolution imaging technique which suffers from high background signals and non-specific binding. Here the authors report Repeat DNA-PAINT which is capable of supressing background noise and preventing photoinduced site loss, as well as decreasing the time taken for the sampling process.
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10
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Lin R, Clowsley AH, Lutz T, Baddeley D, Soeller C. 3D super-resolution microscopy performance and quantitative analysis assessment using DNA-PAINT and DNA origami test samples. Methods 2019; 174:56-71. [PMID: 31129290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessment of the imaging quality in localisation-based super-resolution techniques relies on an accurate characterisation of the imaging setup and analysis procedures. Test samples can provide regular feedback on system performance and facilitate the implementation of new methods. While multiple test samples for regular, 2D imaging are available, they are not common for more specialised imaging modes. Here, we analyse robust test samples for 3D and quantitative super-resolution imaging, which are straightforward to use, are time- and cost-effective and do not require experience beyond basic laboratory and imaging skills. We present two options for assessment of 3D imaging quality, the use of microspheres functionalised for DNA-PAINT and a commercial DNA origami sample. A method to establish and assess a qPAINT workflow for quantitative imaging is demonstrated with a second, commercially available DNA origami sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruisheng Lin
- Living Systems Institute and Biomedical Physics, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander H Clowsley
- Living Systems Institute and Biomedical Physics, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Tobias Lutz
- Living Systems Institute and Biomedical Physics, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - David Baddeley
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, USA; Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Christian Soeller
- Living Systems Institute and Biomedical Physics, University of Exeter, United Kingdom.
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11
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Paul MW, de Gruiter HM, Lin Z, Baarends WM, van Cappellen WA, Houtsmuller AB, Slotman JA. SMoLR: visualization and analysis of single-molecule localization microscopy data in R. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:30. [PMID: 30646838 PMCID: PMC6334411 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-018-2578-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Single-molecule localization microscopy is a super-resolution microscopy technique that allows for nanoscale determination of the localization and organization of proteins in biological samples. For biological interpretation of the data it is essential to extract quantitative information from the super-resolution data sets. Due to the complexity and size of these data sets flexible and user-friendly software is required. Results We developed SMoLR (Single Molecule Localization in R): a flexible framework that enables exploration and analysis of single-molecule localization data within the R programming environment. SMoLR is a package aimed at extracting, visualizing and analyzing quantitative information from localization data obtained by single-molecule microscopy. SMoLR is a platform not only to visualize nanoscale subcellular structures but additionally provides means to obtain statistical information about the distribution and localization of molecules within them. This can be done for individual images or SMoLR can be used to analyze a large set of super-resolution images at once. Additionally, we describe a method using SMoLR for image feature-based particle averaging, resulting in identification of common features among nanoscale structures. Conclusions Embedded in the extensive R programming environment, SMoLR allows scientists to study the nanoscale organization of biomolecules in cells by extracting and visualizing quantitative information and hence provides insight in a wide-variety of different biological processes at the single-molecule level. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12859-018-2578-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten W Paul
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Martijn de Gruiter
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zhanmin Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willy M Baarends
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wiggert A van Cappellen
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan B Houtsmuller
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Shen X, van den Brink J, Hou Y, Colli D, Le C, Kolstad TR, MacQuaide N, Carlson CR, Kekenes‐Huskey PM, Edwards AG, Soeller C, Louch WE. 3D dSTORM imaging reveals novel detail of ryanodine receptor localization in rat cardiac myocytes. J Physiol 2019; 597:399-418. [PMID: 30412283 PMCID: PMC6332759 DOI: 10.1113/jp277360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Using 3D direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM), we developed novel approaches to quantitatively describe the nanoscale, 3D organization of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) in cardiomyocytes. Complex arrangements of RyR clusters were observed in 3D space, both at the cell surface and within the cell interior, with allocation to dyadic and non-dyadic pools. 3D imaging importantly allowed discernment of clusters overlapping in the z-axis, for which detection was obscured by conventional 2D imaging techniques. Thus, RyR clusters were found to be significantly smaller than previous 2D estimates. Ca2+ release units (CRUs), i.e. functional groupings of neighbouring RyR clusters, were similarly observed to be smaller than earlier reports. Internal CRUs contained more RyRs in more clusters than CRUs on the cell surface, and yielded longer duration Ca2+ sparks. ABSTRACT Cardiomyocyte contraction is dependent on Ca2+ release from ryanodine receptors (RyRs). However, the precise localization of RyRs remains unknown, due to shortcomings of imaging techniques which are diffraction limited or restricted to 2D. We aimed to determine the 3D nanoscale organization of RyRs in rat cardiomyocytes by employing direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) with phase ramp technology. Initial observations at the cell surface showed an undulating organization of RyR clusters, resulting in their frequent overlap in the z-axis and obscured detection by 2D techniques. Non-overlapping clusters were imaged to create a calibration curve for estimating RyR number based on recorded fluorescence blinks. Employing this method at the cell surface and interior revealed smaller RyR clusters than 2D estimates, as erroneous merging of axially aligned RyRs was circumvented. Functional groupings of RyR clusters (Ca2+ release units, CRUs), contained an average of 18 and 23 RyRs at the surface and interior, respectively, although half of all CRUs contained only a single 'rogue' RyR. Internal CRUs were more tightly packed along z-lines than surface CRUs, contained larger and more numerous RyR clusters, and constituted ∼75% of the roughly 1 million RyRs present in an average cardiomyocyte. This complex internal 3D geometry was underscored by correlative imaging of RyRs and t-tubules, which enabled quantification of dyadic and non-dyadic RyR populations. Mirroring differences in CRU size and complexity, Ca2+ sparks originating from internal CRUs were of longer duration than those at the surface. These data provide novel, nanoscale insight into RyR organization and function across cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shen
- Institute for Experimental Medical ResearchOslo University Hospital and University of OsloNO‐0424OsloNorway
| | | | - Yufeng Hou
- Institute for Experimental Medical ResearchOslo University Hospital and University of OsloNO‐0424OsloNorway
| | - Dylan Colli
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
| | - Christopher Le
- Institute for Experimental Medical ResearchOslo University Hospital and University of OsloNO‐0424OsloNorway
| | - Terje R. Kolstad
- Institute for Experimental Medical ResearchOslo University Hospital and University of OsloNO‐0424OsloNorway
| | - Niall MacQuaide
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Cathrine R. Carlson
- Institute for Experimental Medical ResearchOslo University Hospital and University of OsloNO‐0424OsloNorway
| | | | | | | | - William E. Louch
- Institute for Experimental Medical ResearchOslo University Hospital and University of OsloNO‐0424OsloNorway
- KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac ResearchUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
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13
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Jayasinghe I, Clowsley AH, de Langen O, Sali SS, Crossman DJ, Soeller C. Shining New Light on the Structural Determinants of Cardiac Couplon Function: Insights From Ten Years of Nanoscale Microscopy. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1472. [PMID: 30405432 PMCID: PMC6204384 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Remodelling of the membranes and protein clustering patterns during the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathies has renewed the interest in spatial visualisation of these structures in cardiomyocytes. Coincidental emergence of single molecule (super-resolution) imaging and tomographic electron microscopy tools in the last decade have led to a number of new observations on the structural features of the couplons, the primary sites of excitation-contraction coupling in the heart. In particular, super-resolution and tomographic electron micrographs have revised and refined the classical views of the nanoscale geometries of couplons, t-tubules and the organisation of the principal calcium handling proteins in both healthy and failing hearts. These methods have also allowed the visualisation of some features which were too small to be detected with conventional microscopy tools. With new analytical capabilities such as single-protein mapping, in situ protein quantification, correlative and live cell imaging we are now observing an unprecedented interest in adapting these research tools across the cardiac biophysical research discipline. In this article, we review the depth of the new insights that have been enabled by these tools toward understanding the structure and function of the cardiac couplon. We outline the major challenges that remain in these experiments and emerging avenues of research which will be enabled by these technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izzy Jayasinghe
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Oscar de Langen
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sonali S Sali
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - David J Crossman
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Christian Soeller
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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14
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Abstract
The analysis of thin films is of central importance for functional materials, including the very large and active field of nanomaterials. Quantitative elemental depth profiling is basic to analysis, and many techniques exist, but all have limitations and quantitation is always an issue. We here review recent significant advances in ion beam analysis (IBA) which now merit it a standard place in the analyst's toolbox. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) has been in use for half a century to obtain elemental depth profiles non-destructively from the first fraction of a micron from the surface of materials: more generally, "IBA" refers to the cluster of methods including elastic scattering (RBS; elastic recoil detection, ERD; and non-Rutherford elastic backscattering, EBS), nuclear reaction analysis (NRA: including particle-induced gamma-ray emission, PIGE), and also particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE). We have at last demonstrated what was long promised, that RBS can be used as a primary reference technique for the best traceable accuracy available for non-destructive model-free methods in thin films. Also, it has become clear over the last decade that we can effectively combine synergistically the quite different information available from the atomic (PIXE) and nuclear (RBS, EBS, ERD, NRA) methods. Although it is well known that RBS has severe limitations that curtail its usefulness for elemental depth profiling, these limitations are largely overcome when we make proper synergistic use of IBA methods. In this Tutorial Review we aim to briefly explain to analysts what IBA is and why it is now a general quantitative method of great power. Analysts have got used to the availability of the large synchrotron facilities for certain sorts of difficult problems, but there are many much more easily accessible mid-range IBA facilities also able to address (and often more quantitatively) a wide range of otherwise almost intractable thin film questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Jeynes
- University of Surrey Ion Beam Centre, Guildford, GU2 7XJ, England, UK
| | - Julien L Colaux
- University of Surrey Ion Beam Centre, Guildford, GU2 7XJ, England, UK
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15
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Javadi A, Deevi RK, Evergren E, Blondel-Tepaz E, Baillie GS, Scott MGH, Campbell FC. PTEN controls glandular morphogenesis through a juxtamembrane β-Arrestin1/ARHGAP21 scaffolding complex. eLife 2017; 6:e24578. [PMID: 28749339 PMCID: PMC5576923 DOI: 10.7554/elife.24578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PTEN controls three-dimensional (3D) glandular morphogenesis by coupling juxtamembrane signaling to mitotic spindle machinery. While molecular mechanisms remain unclear, PTEN interacts through its C2 membrane-binding domain with the scaffold protein β-Arrestin1. Because β-Arrestin1 binds and suppresses the Cdc42 GTPase-activating protein ARHGAP21, we hypothesize that PTEN controls Cdc42 -dependent morphogenic processes through a β-Arrestin1-ARHGAP21 complex. Here, we show that PTEN knockdown (KD) impairs β-Arrestin1 membrane localization, β-Arrestin1-ARHGAP21 interactions, Cdc42 activation, mitotic spindle orientation and 3D glandular morphogenesis. Effects of PTEN deficiency were phenocopied by β-Arrestin1 KD or inhibition of β-Arrestin1-ARHGAP21 interactions. Conversely, silencing of ARHGAP21 enhanced Cdc42 activation and rescued aberrant morphogenic processes of PTEN-deficient cultures. Expression of the PTEN C2 domain mimicked effects of full-length PTEN but a membrane-binding defective mutant of the C2 domain abrogated these properties. Our results show that PTEN controls multicellular assembly through a membrane-associated regulatory protein complex composed of β-Arrestin1, ARHGAP21 and Cdc42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Javadi
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen’s University of BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Ravi K Deevi
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen’s University of BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Emma Evergren
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen’s University of BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Elodie Blondel-Tepaz
- Inserm, U1016, Institut CochinParisFrance
- CNRS, UMR8104ParisFrance
- Univ. Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - George S Baillie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Science, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowScotland
| | - Mark GH Scott
- Inserm, U1016, Institut CochinParisFrance
- CNRS, UMR8104ParisFrance
- Univ. Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Frederick C Campbell
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell BiologyQueen’s University of BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
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16
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Nketia TA, Sailem H, Rohde G, Machiraju R, Rittscher J. Analysis of live cell images: Methods, tools and opportunities. Methods 2017; 115:65-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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17
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Hauser M, Wojcik M, Kim D, Mahmoudi M, Li W, Xu K. Correlative Super-Resolution Microscopy: New Dimensions and New Opportunities. Chem Rev 2017; 117:7428-7456. [PMID: 28045508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Correlative microscopy, the integration of two or more microscopy techniques performed on the same sample, produces results that emphasize the strengths of each technique while offsetting their individual weaknesses. Light microscopy has historically been a central method in correlative microscopy due to its widespread availability, compatibility with hydrated and live biological samples, and excellent molecular specificity through fluorescence labeling. However, conventional light microscopy can only achieve a resolution of ∼300 nm, undercutting its advantages in correlations with higher-resolution methods. The rise of super-resolution microscopy (SRM) over the past decade has drastically improved the resolution of light microscopy to ∼10 nm, thus creating exciting new opportunities and challenges for correlative microscopy. Here we review how these challenges are addressed to effectively correlate SRM with other microscopy techniques, including light microscopy, electron microscopy, cryomicroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and various forms of spectroscopy. Though we emphasize biological studies, we also discuss the application of correlative SRM to materials characterization and single-molecule reactions. Finally, we point out current limitations and discuss possible future improvements and advances. We thus demonstrate how a correlative approach adds new dimensions of information and provides new opportunities in the fast-growing field of SRM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Hauser
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michal Wojcik
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Doory Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Wan Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Division of Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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18
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Abstract
Single-molecule localization microscopy allows the ability to image fluorescence labeled molecular targets at nanoscale resolution. However, for many biological questions the ability to provide tissue and cellular context in addition to these high resolution data is eminently informative. Here, we describe a procedure to achieve this aim by correlatively imaging human cardiac tissue first at the nanoscale with direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) and then at the diffraction limit with conventional confocal microscopy.
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19
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Georgieva M, Cattoni DI, Fiche JB, Mutin T, Chamousset D, Nollmann M. Nanometer resolved single-molecule colocalization of nuclear factors by two-color super resolution microscopy imaging. Methods 2016; 105:44-55. [PMID: 27045944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to study the detailed assembly and regulation mechanisms of complex structures and machineries in the cell, simultaneous in situ observation of all the individual interacting components should be achieved. Multi-color Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy (SMLM) is ideally suited for these quantifications. Here, we build on previous developments and thoroughly discuss a protocol for two-color SMLM combining PALM and STORM, including sample preparation details, image acquisition and data postprocessing analysis. We implement and evaluate a recently proposed colocalization analysis method (aCBC) that allows single-molecule colocalization quantification with the potential of revealing fine, nanometer-scaled, structural details of multicomponent complexes. Finally, using a doubly-labeled nuclear factor (Beaf-32) in Drosophila S2 cells we experimentally validate the colocalization quantification algorithm, highlight its advantages and discuss how using high molecular weight fluorescently labeled tags compromises colocalization precision in two-color SMLM experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Georgieva
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS UMR5048, INSERM U1054, Université de Montpellier, 29 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Diego I Cattoni
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS UMR5048, INSERM U1054, Université de Montpellier, 29 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Bernard Fiche
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS UMR5048, INSERM U1054, Université de Montpellier, 29 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Thibaut Mutin
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS UMR5048, INSERM U1054, Université de Montpellier, 29 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Delphine Chamousset
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS UMR5048, INSERM U1054, Université de Montpellier, 29 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Marcelo Nollmann
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS UMR5048, INSERM U1054, Université de Montpellier, 29 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France.
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20
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Abstract
Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) is rapidly gaining popularity in the life sciences as an efficient approach to visualize molecular distribution with nanoscale precision. However, it has been challenging to obtain and analyze such data within a cellular context in tissue preparations. Here we describe a 5-d tissue processing and immunostaining procedure that is optimized for SMLM, and we provide example applications to fixed mouse brain, heart and kidney tissues. We then describe how to perform correlated confocal and 3D-superresolution imaging on these sections, which allows the visualization of nanoscale protein localization within labeled subcellular compartments of identified target cells in a few minutes. Finally, we describe the use of VividSTORM (http://katonalab.hu/index.php/vividstorm), an open-source software for correlated confocal and SMLM image analysis, which facilitates the measurement of molecular abundance, clustering, internalization, surface density and intermolecular distances in a cell-specific and subcellular compartment-restricted manner. The protocol requires only basic skills in tissue staining and microscopy.
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21
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Knight AE, Peckham M. Recent innovations in super-resolution microscopy. Methods 2015; 88:1-2. [PMID: 26255962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alex E Knight
- Biotechnology Group, National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Peckham
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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22
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Abstract
Light microscopy plays a key role in biological studies and medical diagnosis. The spatial resolution of conventional optical microscopes is limited to approximately half the wavelength of the illumination light as a result of the diffraction limit. Several approaches-including confocal microscopy, stimulated emission depletion microscopy, stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy, photoactivated localization microscopy, and structured illumination microscopy-have been established to achieve super-resolution imaging. However, none of these methods is suitable for the super-resolution ophthalmoscopy of retinal structures because of laser safety issues and inevitable eye movements. We recently experimentally validated virtually structured detection (VSD) as an alternative strategy to extend the diffraction limit. Without the complexity of structured illumination, VSD provides an easy, low-cost, and phase artifact-free strategy to achieve super-resolution in scanning laser microscopy. In this article we summarize the basic principles of the VSD method, review our demonstrated single-point and line-scan super-resolution systems, and discuss both technical challenges and the potential of VSD-based instrumentation for super-resolution ophthalmoscopy of the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Benquan Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Xincheng Yao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
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