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Zhao H, Yan F. Retinal Organoids: A Next-Generation Platform for High-Throughput Drug Discovery. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:495-508. [PMID: 38079086 PMCID: PMC10837228 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10661-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Retinal diseases are leading causes of blindness globally. Developing new drugs is of great significance for preventing vision loss. Current drug discovery relies mainly on two-dimensional in vitro models and animal models, but translation to human efficacy and safety is biased. In recent years, the emergence of retinal organoid technology platforms, utilizing three-dimensional microenvironments to better mimic retinal structure and function, has provided new platforms for exploring pathogenic mechanisms and drug screening. This review summarizes the latest advances in retinal organoid technology, emphasizing its application advantages in high-throughput drug screening, efficacy and toxicity evaluation, and translational medicine research. The review also prospects the combination of emerging technologies such as organ-on-a-chip, 3D bioprinting, single cell sequencing, gene editing with retinal organoid technology, which is expected to further optimize retinal organoid models and advance the diagnosis and treatment of retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medicine School, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Yuhua Street, Chunrong West Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China.
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2
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Tufail M, Hu JJ, Liang J, He CY, Wan WD, Huang YQ, Jiang CH, Wu H, Li N. Predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine in breast cancer: targeting the PI3K pathway. J Transl Med 2024; 22:15. [PMID: 38172946 PMCID: PMC10765967 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04841-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a multifaceted disease characterized by distinct molecular subtypes and varying responses to treatment. In BC, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway has emerged as a crucial contributor to the development, advancement, and resistance to treatment. This review article explores the implications of the PI3K pathway in predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine for BC. It emphasizes the identification of predictive biomarkers, such as PIK3CA mutations, and the utility of molecular profiling in guiding treatment decisions. The review also discusses the potential of targeting the PI3K pathway for preventive strategies and the customization of therapy based on tumor stage, molecular subtypes, and genetic alterations. Overcoming resistance to PI3K inhibitors and exploring combination therapies are addressed as important considerations. While this field holds promise in improving patient outcomes, further research and clinical trials are needed to validate these approaches and translate them into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tufail
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia-Ju Hu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Liang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cai-Yun He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Dong Wan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Qi Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Can-Hua Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Oral Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Institute of Oral Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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3
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Mukashyaka P, Kumar P, Mellert DJ, Nicholas S, Noorbakhsh J, Brugiolo M, Courtois ET, Anczukow O, Liu ET, Chuang JH. High-throughput deconvolution of 3D organoid dynamics at cellular resolution for cancer pharmacology with Cellos. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8406. [PMID: 38114489 PMCID: PMC10730814 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44162-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) organoid cultures are flexible systems to interrogate cellular growth, morphology, multicellular spatial architecture, and cellular interactions in response to treatment. However, computational methods for analysis of 3D organoids with sufficiently high-throughput and cellular resolution are needed. Here we report Cellos, an accurate, high-throughput pipeline for 3D organoid segmentation using classical algorithms and nuclear segmentation using a trained Stardist-3D convolutional neural network. To evaluate Cellos, we analyze ~100,000 organoids with ~2.35 million cells from multiple treatment experiments. Cellos segments dye-stained or fluorescently-labeled nuclei and accurately distinguishes distinct labeled cell populations within organoids. Cellos can recapitulate traditional luminescence-based drug response of cells with complex drug sensitivities, while also quantifying changes in organoid and nuclear morphologies caused by treatment as well as cell-cell spatial relationships that reflect ecological affinity. Cellos provides powerful tools to perform high-throughput analysis for pharmacological testing and biological investigation of organoids based on 3D imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patience Mukashyaka
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Pooja Kumar
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - David J Mellert
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Shadae Nicholas
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Javad Noorbakhsh
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Mattia Brugiolo
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Elise T Courtois
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Olga Anczukow
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Edison T Liu
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
| | - Jeffrey H Chuang
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.
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4
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Stossi F, Singh PK, Safari K, Marini M, Labate D, Mancini MA. High throughput microscopy and single cell phenotypic image-based analysis in toxicology and drug discovery. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 216:115770. [PMID: 37660829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Measuring single cell responses to the universe of chemicals (drugs, natural products, environmental toxicants etc.) is of paramount importance to human health as phenotypic variability in sensing stimuli is a hallmark of biology that is considered during high throughput screening. One of the ways to approach this problem is via high throughput, microscopy-based assays coupled with multi-dimensional single cell analysis methods. Here, we will summarize some of the efforts in this vast and growing field, focusing on phenotypic screens (e.g., Cell Painting), single cell analytics and quality control, with particular attention to environmental toxicology and drug screening. We will discuss advantages and limitations of high throughput assays with various end points and levels of complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Stossi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; GCC Center for Advanced Microscopy and Image Informatics, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- GCC Center for Advanced Microscopy and Image Informatics, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kazem Safari
- GCC Center for Advanced Microscopy and Image Informatics, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michela Marini
- GCC Center for Advanced Microscopy and Image Informatics, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Demetrio Labate
- GCC Center for Advanced Microscopy and Image Informatics, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael A Mancini
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; GCC Center for Advanced Microscopy and Image Informatics, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA
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5
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Menduti G, Boido M. Recent Advances in High-Content Imaging and Analysis in iPSC-Based Modelling of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14689. [PMID: 37834135 PMCID: PMC10572296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the field of neurodegenerative pathologies, the platforms for disease modelling based on patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent a valuable molecular diagnostic/prognostic tool. Indeed, they paved the way for the in vitro recapitulation of the pathological mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration and for characterizing the molecular heterogeneity of disease manifestations, also enabling drug screening approaches for new therapeutic candidates. A major challenge is related to the choice and optimization of the morpho-functional study designs in human iPSC-derived neurons to deeply detail the cell phenotypes as markers of neurodegeneration. In recent years, the specific combination of high-throughput screening with subcellular resolution microscopy for cell-based high-content imaging (HCI) screening allowed in-depth analyses of cell morphology and neurite trafficking in iPSC-derived neuronal cells by using specific cutting-edge microscopes and automated computational assays. The present work aims to describe the main recent protocols and advances achieved with the HCI analysis in iPSC-based modelling of neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting technical and bioinformatics tips and tricks for further uses and research. To this end, microscopy requirements and the latest computational pipelines to analyze imaging data will be explored, while also providing an overview of the available open-source high-throughput automated platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Menduti
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, TO, Italy;
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6
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Gaudêncio SP, Bayram E, Lukić Bilela L, Cueto M, Díaz-Marrero AR, Haznedaroglu BZ, Jimenez C, Mandalakis M, Pereira F, Reyes F, Tasdemir D. Advanced Methods for Natural Products Discovery: Bioactivity Screening, Dereplication, Metabolomics Profiling, Genomic Sequencing, Databases and Informatic Tools, and Structure Elucidation. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21050308. [PMID: 37233502 DOI: 10.3390/md21050308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural Products (NP) are essential for the discovery of novel drugs and products for numerous biotechnological applications. The NP discovery process is expensive and time-consuming, having as major hurdles dereplication (early identification of known compounds) and structure elucidation, particularly the determination of the absolute configuration of metabolites with stereogenic centers. This review comprehensively focuses on recent technological and instrumental advances, highlighting the development of methods that alleviate these obstacles, paving the way for accelerating NP discovery towards biotechnological applications. Herein, we emphasize the most innovative high-throughput tools and methods for advancing bioactivity screening, NP chemical analysis, dereplication, metabolite profiling, metabolomics, genome sequencing and/or genomics approaches, databases, bioinformatics, chemoinformatics, and three-dimensional NP structure elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana P Gaudêncio
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Engin Bayram
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Room HKC-202, Hisar Campus, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Lada Lukić Bilela
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Mercedes Cueto
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología-CSIC, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Ana R Díaz-Marrero
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología-CSIC, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica (IUBO), Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Berat Z Haznedaroglu
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Room HKC-202, Hisar Campus, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Carlos Jimenez
- CICA- Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Manolis Mandalakis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, HCMR Thalassocosmos, 71500 Gournes, Crete, Greece
| | - Florbela Pereira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Fernando Reyes
- Fundación MEDINA, Avda. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Armilla, Spain
| | - Deniz Tasdemir
- GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Research Unit Marine Natural Products Chemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Am Kiel-Kanal 44, 24106 Kiel, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Kiel University, Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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7
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Gonzales-Aloy E, Ahmed-Cox A, Tsoli M, Ziegler DS, Kavallaris M. From cells to organoids: The evolution of blood-brain barrier technology for modelling drug delivery in brain cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 196:114777. [PMID: 36931346 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Brain cancer remains the deadliest cancer. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is impenetrable to most drugs and is a complex 3D network of multiple cell types including endothelial cells, astrocytes, and pericytes. In brain cancers, the BBB becomes disrupted during tumor progression and forms the blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB). To advance therapeutic development, there is a critical need for physiologically relevant BBB in vitro models. 3D cell systems are emerging as valuable preclinical models to accelerate discoveries for diseases. Given the versatility and capability of 3D cell models, their potential for modelling the BBB and BBTB is reviewed. Technological advances of BBB models and challenges of in vitro modelling the BBTB, and application of these models as tools for assessing therapeutics and nano drug delivery, are discussed. Quantitative, in vitro BBB models that are predictive of effective brain cancer therapies will be invaluable for accelerating advancing new treatments to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estrella Gonzales-Aloy
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Center, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; Australian Center for NanoMedicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Aria Ahmed-Cox
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Center, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; Australian Center for NanoMedicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; Katharina Gaus Light Microscopy Facility, Mark Wainright Analytical Center, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria Tsoli
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Center, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David S Ziegler
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Center, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; Kids Cancer Center, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Center, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; Australian Center for NanoMedicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; UNSW RNA Institute, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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8
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Mukashyaka P, Kumar P, Mellert DJ, Nicholas S, Noorbakhsh J, Brugiolo M, Anczukow O, Liu ET, Chuang JH. Cellos: High-throughput deconvolution of 3D organoid dynamics at cellular resolution for cancer pharmacology. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.03.531019. [PMID: 36945601 PMCID: PMC10028797 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.03.531019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) culture models, such as organoids, are flexible systems to interrogate cellular growth and morphology, multicellular spatial architecture, and cell interactions in response to drug treatment. However, new computational methods to segment and analyze 3D models at cellular resolution with sufficiently high throughput are needed to realize these possibilities. Here we report Cellos (Cell and Organoid Segmentation), an accurate, high throughput image analysis pipeline for 3D organoid and nuclear segmentation analysis. Cellos segments organoids in 3D using classical algorithms and segments nuclei using a Stardist-3D convolutional neural network which we trained on a manually annotated dataset of 3,862 cells from 36 organoids confocally imaged at 5 μm z-resolution. To evaluate the capabilities of Cellos we then analyzed 74,450 organoids with 1.65 million cells, from multiple experiments on triple negative breast cancer organoids containing clonal mixtures with complex cisplatin sensitivities. Cellos was able to accurately distinguish ratios of distinct fluorescently labelled cell populations in organoids, with ≤3% deviation from the seeding ratios in each well and was effective for both fluorescently labelled nuclei and independent DAPI stained datasets. Cellos was able to recapitulate traditional luminescence-based drug response quantifications by analyzing 3D images, including parallel analysis of multiple cancer clones in the same well. Moreover, Cellos was able to identify organoid and nuclear morphology feature changes associated with treatment. Finally, Cellos enables 3D analysis of cell spatial relationships, which we used to detect ecological affinity between cancer cells beyond what arises from local cell division or organoid composition. Cellos provides powerful tools to perform high throughput analysis for pharmacological testing and biological investigation of organoids based on 3D imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patience Mukashyaka
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Farmington, CT
| | - Pooja Kumar
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | | | | | | | | | - Olga Anczukow
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Farmington, CT
| | - Edison T Liu
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - Jeffrey H Chuang
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Farmington, CT
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Greenwald E, Posner C, Bharath A, Lyons A, Salmerón C, Sriram K, Wiley SZ, Insel PA, Zhang J. GPCR Signaling Measurement and Drug Profiling with an Automated Live-Cell Microscopy System. ACS Sens 2023; 8:19-27. [PMID: 36602887 PMCID: PMC9994309 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A major limitation of time-lapse microscopy combined with fluorescent biosensors, a powerful tool for quantifying spatiotemporal dynamics of signaling in single living cells, is low-experimental throughput. To overcome this limitation, we created a highly customizable, MATLAB-based platform: flexible automated liquid-handling combined microscope (FALCOscope) that coordinates an OpenTrons liquid handler and a fluorescence microscope to automate drug treatments, fluorescence imaging, and single-cell analysis. To test the feasibility of the FALCOscope, we quantified G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-stimulated Protein Kinase A activity and cAMP responses to GPCR agonists and antagonists. We also characterized cAMP dynamics induced by GPR68/OGR1, a proton-sensing GPCR, in response to variable extracellular pH values. GPR68-induced cAMP responses were more transient in acidic than neutral pH values, suggesting a pH-dependence for signal attenuation. Ogerin, a GPR68 positive allosteric modulator, enhanced cAMP response most strongly at pH 7.0 and sustained cAMP response for acidic pH values, thereby demonstrating the capability of the FALCOscope to capture allosteric modulation. At a high concentration, ogerin increased cAMP signaling independent of GPR68, likely via phosphodiesterase inhibition. The FALCOscope system thus enables enhanced throughput single-cell dynamic measurements and is a versatile system for interrogating spatiotemporal regulation of signaling molecules in living cells and for drug profiling and screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Greenwald
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Clara Posner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Ananya Bharath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Anne Lyons
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Cristina Salmerón
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Krishna Sriram
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Shu Z Wiley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Paul A Insel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093 United States
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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10
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Shen W, Shao A, Zhou W, Lou L, Grzybowski A, Jin K, Ye J. Retinogenesis in a Dish: Bibliometric Analysis and Visualization of Retinal Organoids From 2011 to 2022. Cell Transplant 2023; 32:9636897231214321. [PMID: 38044501 PMCID: PMC10695087 DOI: 10.1177/09636897231214321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal organoid (RO) is the three-dimensional (3D) retinal culture derived from pluripotent or embryonic stem cells which recapitulates organ functions, which was a revolutionary milestone in stem cell technology. The purpose of this study is to explore the hotspots and future directions on ROs, as well as to better understand the fields of greatest research opportunities. Eligible publications related to RO from 2011 to 2022 were acquired from the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection database. Bibliometric analysis was performed by using software including VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and ArcGIS. A total of 520 articles were included, and the number of annual publications showed a rapid increase with an average rate of 40.86%. The United States published the most articles (241/520, 46.35%) with highest total citation frequencies (5,344). University College London (UK) contributed the largest publication output (40/520, 7.69%) and received highest total citation frequencies. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science was the most productive journal with 129 articles. Majlinda Lako contributed the most research with 32 articles, while Olivier Goureau has the strongest collaboration work. Research could be subdivided into four keyword clusters: "culture and differentiation," "morphogenesis and modeling," "gene therapy," and "transplantation and visual restoration," and evolution of keywords was identified. Last decade has witnessed the huge progress in the field of RO, which is a young and promising research area with extensive and in-depth studies. More attention should be paid to RO-related models and therapies based on specific retinal diseases, especially inherited retinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Shen
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - An Shao
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wuyuan Zhou
- Zhejiang Academy of Science and Technology Information, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lixia Lou
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Andrzej Grzybowski
- Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, Foundation for Ophthalmology Development, Poznan, Poland
| | - Kai Jin
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Ye
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Yang G, Wang L, Qin X, Chen X, Liang Y, Jin X, Chen C, Zhang W, Pan W, Li H. Heterogeneities of zebrafish vasculature development studied by a high throughput light-sheet flow imaging system. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:5344-5357. [PMID: 36425637 PMCID: PMC9664872 DOI: 10.1364/boe.470058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish is one of the ideal model animals to study the structural and functional heterogeneities in development. However, the lack of high throughput 3D imaging techniques has limited studies to only a few samples, despite zebrafish spawning tens of embryos at once. Here, we report a light-sheet flow imaging system (LS-FIS) based on light-sheet illumination and a continuous flow imager. LS-FIS enables whole-larva 3D imaging of tens of samples within half an hour. The high throughput 3D imaging capability of LS-FIS was demonstrated with the developmental study of the zebrafish vasculature from 3 to 9 days post-fertilization. Statistical analysis shows significant variances in trunk vessel development but less in hyaloid vessel development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215163, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Optics,
Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Linbo Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215163, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Optics,
Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Xiaofei Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Optics,
Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Xiaohu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Optics,
Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Yong Liang
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215163, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Optics,
Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Optics,
Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Chong Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215163, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Optics,
Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Weijun Pan
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Optics,
Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
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12
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Huang S, Zhang S, Chen L, Pan X, Wen Z, Chen Y, Zhang L, Liu J, Chen D. Lipopolysaccharide induced intestinal epithelial injury: a novel organoids-based model for sepsis in vitro. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:2232-2239. [PMID: 36355867 PMCID: PMC9771316 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in organoid culture technology have provided a greater understanding of disease pathogenesis, which has been rarely studied in sepsis before. We aim to establish a suitable organoids-based intestinal injury model for sepsis. METHODS Stable passaged organoids were constructed and pre-treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic sepsis-induced intestinal injury. The LPS-induced sepsis model was used as a reference. We used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to evaluate the RNA levels of inflammatory factors and antimicrobial peptides. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to evaluate the protein levels, hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to evaluate the pathology of the small intestine of mice, and immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to evaluate the intestinal epithelial barrier function. Perkin Elmer Operetta™ was used to obtain high-resolution images of three-dimensional organoids. RESULTS An LPS concentration >150 μg/mL after 24 h was identified to cause organoid growth restriction. The fluorescence intensity of zonula occludens-1 and occludins at LPS concentrations >100 μg/mL decreased significantly after 24 h. After LPS stimulation for 8 h, the RNA expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1α, tumor necrosis factor alpha, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IL-6, and regenerating islet-derived protein 3 alpha, beta, and gamma increased. These results resembled those of intestinal epithelial layer alterations in a mouse sepsis model. For IL-10, the RNA expression level increased only when the LPS level >200 μg/mL for 24 h. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the primary intestinal in vitro model to study the effects of LPS-induced intestinal injury resembling sepsis. This model provides a platform for immune associated mechanism exploration and effective drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200020, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200020, China
| | - Limin Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200020, China
| | - Xiaojun Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200020, China
| | - Zhenliang Wen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200020, China
| | - Yizhu Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200020, China
| | - Lidi Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200020, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201801, China
| | - Dechang Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200020, China
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13
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Lescouzères L, Bordignon B, Bomont P. Development of a high-throughput tailored imaging method in zebrafish to understand and treat neuromuscular diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:956582. [PMID: 36204134 PMCID: PMC9530744 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.956582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a vertebrate species offering multitude of advantages for the study of conserved biological systems in human and has considerably enriched our knowledge in developmental biology and physiology. Being equally important in medical research, the zebrafish has become a critical tool in the fields of diagnosis, gene discovery, disease modeling, and pharmacology-based therapy. Studies on the zebrafish neuromuscular system allowed for deciphering key molecular pathways in this tissue, and established it as a model of choice to study numerous motor neurons, neuromuscular junctions, and muscle diseases. Starting with the similarities of the zebrafish neuromuscular system with the human system, we review disease models associated with the neuromuscular system to focus on current methodologies employed to study them and outline their caveats. In particular, we put in perspective the necessity to develop standardized and high-resolution methodologies that are necessary to deepen our understanding of not only fundamental signaling pathways in a healthy tissue but also the changes leading to disease phenotype outbreaks, and offer templates for high-content screening strategies. While the development of high-throughput methodologies is underway for motility assays, there is no automated approach to quantify the key molecular cues of the neuromuscular junction. Here, we provide a novel high-throughput imaging methodology in the zebrafish that is standardized, highly resolutive, quantitative, and fit for drug screening. By providing a proof of concept for its robustness in identifying novel molecular players and therapeutic drugs in giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) disease, we foresee that this new tool could be useful for both fundamental and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Lescouzères
- ERC Team, Institut NeuroMyoGéne-PGNM, Inserm U1315, CNRS UMR 5261, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Benoît Bordignon
- Montpellier Ressources Imagerie, BioCampus, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascale Bomont
- ERC Team, Institut NeuroMyoGéne-PGNM, Inserm U1315, CNRS UMR 5261, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- *Correspondence: Pascale Bomont,
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14
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Han Y, Shi J, Xu Z, Zhang Y, Cao X, Yu J, Li J, Xu S. Identification of solamargine as a cisplatin sensitizer through phenotypical screening in cisplatin-resistant NSCLC organoids. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:802168. [PMID: 36034794 PMCID: PMC9399411 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.802168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Cisplatin (DDP) is a widely used first-line chemotherapy medication, DDP resistance is one of the main causes of treatment failure in advanced lung cancer. Therefore, it is urgent to identify DDP sensitizers and investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here we utilized DDP-resistant organoids established from tumor biopsies of patients with relapsed lung cancers. In this study, we identified Solamargine as a potential DDP sensitizer through screening a natural product library. Mechanically, Solamargine induced G0/G1-phase arrest and apoptosis in DDP-resistant lung cancer cell lines. Gene expression analysis and KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the hedgehog pathway was suppressed by Solamargine. Moreover, Gli responsive element (GRE) reporter gene assay and BODIPY-cyclopamine binding assay showed that Solamargine inhibited the hedgehog pathway via direct binding to SMO protein. Interestingly, Solamargine and DDP showed a synergetic effect in inhibiting DDP-resistant lung cancer cell lines. Taken together, our work herein revealed Solamargine as a hedgehog pathway inhibitor and DDP-sensitizer, which might provide a new direction for further treatment of advanced DDP-resistant lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jianquan Shi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ziwei Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yushan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Oncology, Wang Jing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Li, ; Shaofa Xu,
| | - Shaofa Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University and Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Li, ; Shaofa Xu,
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15
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Song MH, Park JW, Kim MJ, Shin YK, Kim SC, Jeong SY, Ku JL. Colon cancer organoids using monoclonal organoids established in four different lesions of one cancer patient reveal tumor heterogeneity and different real-time responsiveness to anti-cancer drugs. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113260. [PMID: 35691158 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Organoid culture technique has been taking center stage as a next-generation ex-vivo model due to advancement of stem cell research techniques. The importance of the laboratory-based ex vivo model has increasingly been recognized for recapitulating histological, and physioglocal conditions of in vivo microenviorment. Accordingly, the use of this technique has also broadened the understanding of intratumoral heterogeneity which is closely associated with varied drug responses observed in patients. Likewise, studies on heterogeneity within a single tumor tissue have drawn much attention. Here, we isolated 15 single clones from 4 tumor organoid lines from 1 patient at a primary passage from one patient. Each organoid line showed variable alterations in both genotype and phenotype. Furthermore, our methodological approach on drug test employing a high-throughput screening system enabled us to pinpoint the optimal time frame for anti-cancer drugs within a single tumor. We propose that our method can effectively reveal the heterogeneity of time-point in drug response, and the most optimal therapeutic strategies for individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung-Hyun Song
- Korean Cell Line Bank, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Ji Won Park
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Young-Kyoung Shin
- Korean Cell Line Bank, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Soon-Chan Kim
- Korean Cell Line Bank, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Seung-Yong Jeong
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, South Korea.
| | - Ja-Lok Ku
- Korean Cell Line Bank, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
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16
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Cortesi M, Giordano E. Non-destructive monitoring of 3D cell cultures: new technologies and applications. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13338. [PMID: 35582620 PMCID: PMC9107788 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
3D cell cultures are becoming the new standard for cell-based in vitro research, due to their higher transferrability toward in vivo biology. The lack of established techniques for the non-destructive quantification of relevant variables, however, constitutes a major barrier to the adoption of these technologies, as it increases the resources needed for the experimentation and reduces its accuracy. In this review, we aim at addressing this limitation by providing an overview of different non-destructive approaches for the evaluation of biological features commonly quantified in a number of studies and applications. In this regard, we will cover cell viability, gene expression, population distribution, cell morphology and interactions between the cells and the environment. This analysis is expected to promote the use of the showcased technologies, together with the further development of these and other monitoring methods for 3D cell cultures. Overall, an extensive technology shift is required, in order for monolayer cultures to be superseded, but the potential benefit derived from an increased accuracy of in vitro studies, justifies the effort and the investment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilisa Cortesi
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering ”G.Marconi”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | - Emanuele Giordano
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering ”G.Marconi”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- BioEngLab, Health Science and Technology, Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-CIRI), University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
- Advanced Research Center on Electronic Systems (ARCES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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17
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Guillen KP, Fujita M, Butterfield AJ, Scherer SD, Bailey MH, Chu Z, DeRose YS, Zhao L, Cortes-Sanchez E, Yang CH, Toner J, Wang G, Qiao Y, Huang X, Greenland JA, Vahrenkamp JM, Lum DH, Factor RE, Nelson EW, Matsen CB, Poretta JM, Rosenthal R, Beck AC, Buys SS, Vaklavas C, Ward JH, Jensen RL, Jones KB, Li Z, Oesterreich S, Dobrolecki LE, Pathi SS, Woo XY, Berrett KC, Wadsworth ME, Chuang JH, Lewis MT, Marth GT, Gertz J, Varley KE, Welm BE, Welm AL. A human breast cancer-derived xenograft and organoid platform for drug discovery and precision oncology. NATURE CANCER 2022; 3:232-250. [PMID: 35221336 PMCID: PMC8882468 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-022-00337-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Models that recapitulate the complexity of human tumors are urgently needed to develop more effective cancer therapies. We report a bank of human patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and matched organoid cultures from tumors that represent the greatest unmet need: endocrine-resistant, treatment-refractory and metastatic breast cancers. We leverage matched PDXs and PDX-derived organoids (PDxO) for drug screening that is feasible and cost-effective with in vivo validation. Moreover, we demonstrate the feasibility of using these models for precision oncology in real time with clinical care in a case of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with early metastatic recurrence. Our results uncovered a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug with high efficacy against the models. Treatment with this therapy resulted in a complete response for the individual and a progression-free survival (PFS) period more than three times longer than their previous therapies. This work provides valuable methods and resources for functional precision medicine and drug development for human breast cancer. Welm and colleagues present a biobank of human-derived xenografts and organoids and demonstrate its value for high-throughput drug screening and applied precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin P Guillen
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Maihi Fujita
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Andrew J Butterfield
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sandra D Scherer
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Matthew H Bailey
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Zhengtao Chu
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Yoko S DeRose
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Emilio Cortes-Sanchez
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Chieh-Hsiang Yang
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jennifer Toner
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Guoying Wang
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Yi Qiao
- Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Xiaomeng Huang
- Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jeffery A Greenland
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jeffery M Vahrenkamp
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - David H Lum
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Rachel E Factor
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Edward W Nelson
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Cindy B Matsen
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jane M Poretta
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Regina Rosenthal
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anna C Beck
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Saundra S Buys
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Christos Vaklavas
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - John H Ward
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Randy L Jensen
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kevin B Jones
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Zheqi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steffi Oesterreich
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lacey E Dobrolecki
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Satya S Pathi
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Xing Yi Woo
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Kristofer C Berrett
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mark E Wadsworth
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Chuang
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, UCONN-Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Michael T Lewis
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gabor T Marth
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jason Gertz
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Katherine E Varley
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Bryan E Welm
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. .,Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Alana L Welm
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. .,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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18
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Abstract
FLASH radiotherapy is a novel technique that has been shown in numerous preclinical in vivo studies to have the potential to be the next important improvement in cancer treatment. However, the biological mechanisms responsible for the selective FLASH sparing effect of normal tissues are not yet known. An optimal translation of FLASH radiotherapy into the clinic would require a good understanding of the specific beam parameters that induces a FLASH effect, environmental conditions affecting the response, and the radiobiological mechanisms involved. Even though the FLASH effect has generally been considered as an in vivo effect, studies finding these answers would be difficult and ethically challenging to carry out solely in animals. Hence, suitable in vitro studies aimed towards finding these answers are needed. In this review, we describe and summarise several in vitro assays that have been used or could be used to finally elucidate the mechanisms behind the FLASH effect.
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19
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3D microgels to quantify tumor cell properties and therapy response dynamics. Biomaterials 2022; 283:121417. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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20
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Gastric cancer cell death analyzed by live cell imaging of spheroids. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1488. [PMID: 35087119 PMCID: PMC8795446 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05426-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide and is often diagnosed at advanced stages of the disease. This makes the development of more comprehensive models and efficient treatments crucial. One option is based on repurposing already marketed drugs as adjuvants to chemotherapy. Accordingly, we have previously developed the combination of docetaxel and the cholesterol-lowering drug, lovastatin, as a powerful trigger of HGT-1 human GC cells' apoptosis using 2D cultures. Because 3D models, known as spheroids, are getting recognized as possibly better suited than 2Ds in toxicological research, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of this drug combination with such a model. We established monocellular spheroids from two human (GC) cell lines, HGT-1 and AGS, and bicellular spheroids from these cells mixed with cancer-associated fibroblasts. With these, we surveyed drug-induced cytotoxicity with MTT assays. In addition, we used the Incucyte live imaging and analysis system to follow spheroid growth and apoptosis. Taken together, our results showed that the lovastatin + docetaxel combination was an efficient strategy to eliminate GC cells grown in 2D or 3D cultures, lending further support in favor of repurposing lovastatin as an adjuvant to taxane-based anticancer treatment.
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21
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Barbosa MAG, Xavier CPR, Pereira RF, Petrikaitė V, Vasconcelos MH. 3D Cell Culture Models as Recapitulators of the Tumor Microenvironment for the Screening of Anti-Cancer Drugs. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:190. [PMID: 35008353 PMCID: PMC8749977 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, innovative three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models have been proposed as viable and biomimetic alternatives for initial drug screening, allowing the improvement of the efficiency of drug development. These models are gaining popularity, given their ability to reproduce key aspects of the tumor microenvironment, concerning the 3D tumor architecture as well as the interactions of tumor cells with the extracellular matrix and surrounding non-tumor cells. The development of accurate 3D models may become beneficial to decrease the use of laboratory animals in scientific research, in accordance with the European Union's regulation on the 3R rule (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement). This review focuses on the impact of 3D cell culture models on cancer research, discussing their advantages, limitations, and compatibility with high-throughput screenings and automated systems. An insight is also given on the adequacy of the available readouts for the interpretation of the data obtained from the 3D cell culture models. Importantly, we also emphasize the need for the incorporation of additional and complementary microenvironment elements on the design of 3D cell culture models, towards improved predictive value of drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie A. G. Barbosa
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.A.G.B.); (C.P.R.X.)
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Cristina P. R. Xavier
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.A.G.B.); (C.P.R.X.)
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Rúben F. Pereira
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Biofabrication Group, INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vilma Petrikaitė
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickevičiaus g 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - M. Helena Vasconcelos
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.A.G.B.); (C.P.R.X.)
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP—Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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22
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From imaging a single cell to implementing precision medicine: an exciting new era. Emerg Top Life Sci 2021; 5:837-847. [PMID: 34889448 PMCID: PMC8786301 DOI: 10.1042/etls20210219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the age of high-throughput, single-cell biology, single-cell imaging has evolved not only in terms of technological advancements but also in its translational applications. The synchronous advancements of imaging and computational biology have produced opportunities of merging the two, providing the scientific community with tools towards observing, understanding, and predicting cellular and tissue phenotypes and behaviors. Furthermore, multiplexed single-cell imaging and machine learning algorithms now enable patient stratification and predictive diagnostics of clinical specimens. Here, we provide an overall summary of the advances in single-cell imaging, with a focus on high-throughput microscopy phenomics and multiplexed proteomic spatial imaging platforms. We also review various computational tools that have been developed in recent years for image processing and downstream applications used in biomedical sciences. Finally, we discuss how harnessing systems biology approaches and data integration across disciplines can further strengthen the exciting applications and future implementation of single-cell imaging on precision medicine.
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23
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Singh YP, Moses JC, Bhardwaj N, Mandal BB. Overcoming the Dependence on Animal Models for Osteoarthritis Therapeutics - The Promises and Prospects of In Vitro Models. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100961. [PMID: 34302436 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a musculoskeletal disease characterized by progressive degeneration of osteochondral tissues. Current treatment is restricted to the reduction of pain and loss of function of the joint. To better comprehend the OA pathophysiological conditions, several models are employed, however; there is no consensus on a suitable model. In this review, different in vitro models being developed for possible therapeutic intervention of OA are outlined. Herein, various in vitro OA models starting from 2D model, co-culture model, 3D models, dynamic culture model to advanced technologies-based models such as 3D bioprinting, bioassembly, organoids, and organ-on-chip-based models are discussed with their advantages and disadvantages. Besides, different growth factors, cytokines, and chemicals being utilized for induction of OA condition are reviewed in detail. Furthermore, there is focus on scrutinizing different molecular and possible therapeutic targets for better understanding the mechanisms and OA therapeutics. Finally, the underlying challenges associated with in vitro models are discussed followed by future prospective. Taken together, a comprehensive overview of in vitro OA models, factors to induce OA-like conditions, and intricate molecular targets with the potential to develop personalized osteoarthritis therapeutics in the future with clinical translation is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogendra Pratap Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati Assam 781039 India
| | - Joseph Christakiran Moses
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati Assam 781039 India
| | - Nandana Bhardwaj
- Department of Science and Mathematics Indian Institute of Information Technology Guwahati Bongora Guwahati Assam 781015 India
| | - Biman B. Mandal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati Assam 781039 India
- Centre for Nanotechnology Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati Assam 781039 India
- School of Health Sciences and Technology Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati Assam 781039 India
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24
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Hot or cold: Bioengineering immune contextures into in vitro patient-derived tumor models. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113791. [PMID: 33965462 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have proven to be tremendously effective for a subset of cancer patients. However, it is difficult to predict the response of individual patients and efforts are now directed at understanding the mechanisms of ICI resistance. Current models of patient tumors poorly recapitulate the immune contexture, which describe immune parameters that are associated with patient survival. In this Review, we discuss parameters that influence the induction of different immune contextures found within tumors and how engineering strategies may be leveraged to recapitulate these contextures to develop the next generation of immune-competent patient-derived in vitro models.
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25
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Chesnut M, Hartung T, Hogberg H, Pamies D. Human Oligodendrocytes and Myelin In Vitro to Evaluate Developmental Neurotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7929. [PMID: 34360696 PMCID: PMC8347131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopment is uniquely sensitive to toxic insults and there are concerns that environmental chemicals are contributing to widespread subclinical developmental neurotoxicity (DNT). Increased DNT evaluation is needed due to the lack of such information for most chemicals in common use, but in vivo studies recommended in regulatory guidelines are not practical for the large-scale screening of potential DNT chemicals. It is widely acknowledged that developmental neurotoxicity is a consequence of disruptions to basic processes in neurodevelopment and that testing strategies using human cell-based in vitro systems that mimic these processes could aid in prioritizing chemicals with DNT potential. Myelination is a fundamental process in neurodevelopment that should be included in a DNT testing strategy, but there are very few in vitro models of myelination. Thus, there is a need to establish an in vitro myelination assay for DNT. Here, we summarize the routes of myelin toxicity and the known models to study this particular endpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Chesnut
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (M.C.); (T.H.)
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (M.C.); (T.H.)
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT-Europe), University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Helena Hogberg
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (M.C.); (T.H.)
| | - David Pamies
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (M.C.); (T.H.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), 4055 Basel, Switzerland
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26
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Kronemberger GS, Miranda GASC, Tavares RSN, Montenegro B, Kopke ÚDA, Baptista LS. Recapitulating Tumorigenesis in vitro: Opportunities and Challenges of 3D Bioprinting. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:682498. [PMID: 34239860 PMCID: PMC8258101 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.682498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is considered one of the most predominant diseases in the world and one of the principal causes of mortality per year. The cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the development and establishment of solid tumors can be defined as tumorigenesis. Recent technological advances in the 3D cell culture field have enabled the recapitulation of tumorigenesis in vitro, including the complexity of stromal microenvironment. The establishment of these 3D solid tumor models has a crucial role in personalized medicine and drug discovery. Recently, spheroids and organoids are being largely explored as 3D solid tumor models for recreating tumorigenesis in vitro. In spheroids, the solid tumor can be recreated from cancer cells, cancer stem cells, stromal and immune cell lineages. Organoids must be derived from tumor biopsies, including cancer and cancer stem cells. Both models are considered as a suitable model for drug assessment and high-throughput screening. The main advantages of 3D bioprinting are its ability to engineer complex and controllable 3D tissue models in a higher resolution. Although 3D bioprinting represents a promising technology, main challenges need to be addressed to improve the results in cancer research. The aim of this review is to explore (1) the principal cell components and extracellular matrix composition of solid tumor microenvironment; (2) the recapitulation of tumorigenesis in vitro using spheroids and organoids as 3D culture models; and (3) the opportunities, challenges, and applications of 3D bioprinting in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela S. Kronemberger
- Nucleus of Multidisciplinary Research in Biology (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Xerém, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
- Post-graduation Program of Translational Biomedicine (Biotrans), Unigranrio, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Guilherme A. S. C. Miranda
- Nucleus of Multidisciplinary Research in Biology (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Xerém, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
- Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Renata S. N. Tavares
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Bianca Montenegro
- Nucleus of Multidisciplinary Research in Biology (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Xerém, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
- Post-graduation Program of Translational Biomedicine (Biotrans), Unigranrio, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Úrsula de A. Kopke
- Nucleus of Multidisciplinary Research in Biology (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Xerém, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Leandra S. Baptista
- Nucleus of Multidisciplinary Research in Biology (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Xerém, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
- Post-graduation Program of Translational Biomedicine (Biotrans), Unigranrio, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
- Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
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27
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3D Modeling of Epithelial Tumors-The Synergy between Materials Engineering, 3D Bioprinting, High-Content Imaging, and Nanotechnology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126225. [PMID: 34207601 PMCID: PMC8230141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The current statistics on cancer show that 90% of all human cancers originate from epithelial cells. Breast and prostate cancer are examples of common tumors of epithelial origin that would benefit from improved drug treatment strategies. About 90% of preclinically approved drugs fail in clinical trials, partially due to the use of too simplified in vitro models and a lack of mimicking the tumor microenvironment in drug efficacy testing. This review focuses on the origin and mechanism of epithelial cancers, followed by experimental models designed to recapitulate the epithelial cancer structure and microenvironment, such as 2D and 3D cell culture models and animal models. A specific focus is put on novel technologies for cell culture of spheroids, organoids, and 3D-printed tissue-like models utilizing biomaterials of natural or synthetic origins. Further emphasis is laid on high-content imaging technologies that are used in the field to visualize in vitro models and their morphology. The associated technological advancements and challenges are also discussed. Finally, the review gives an insight into the potential of exploiting nanotechnological approaches in epithelial cancer research both as tools in tumor modeling and how they can be utilized for the development of nanotherapeutics.
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28
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Fishman D, Salumaa SO, Majoral D, Laasfeld T, Peel S, Wildenhain J, Schreiner A, Palo K, Parts L. Practical segmentation of nuclei in brightfield cell images with neural networks trained on fluorescently labelled samples. J Microsc 2021; 284:12-24. [PMID: 34081320 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Identifying nuclei is a standard first step when analysing cells in microscopy images. The traditional approach relies on signal from a DNA stain, or fluorescent transgene expression localised to the nucleus. However, imaging techniques that do not use fluorescence can also carry useful information. Here, we used brightfield and fluorescence images of fixed cells with fluorescently labelled DNA, and confirmed that three convolutional neural network architectures can be adapted to segment nuclei from the brightfield channel, relying on fluorescence signal to extract the ground truth for training. We found that U-Net achieved the best overall performance, Mask R-CNN provided an additional benefit of instance segmentation, and that DeepCell proved too slow for practical application. We trained the U-Net architecture on over 200 dataset variations, established that accurate segmentation is possible using as few as 16 training images, and that models trained on images from similar cell lines can extrapolate well. Acquiring data from multiple focal planes further helps distinguish nuclei in the samples. Overall, our work helps to liberate a fluorescence channel reserved for nuclear staining, thus providing more information from the specimen, and reducing reagents and time required for preparing imaging experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro Fishman
- Department of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Narva Str 20, Tartu, 51009, Estonia
| | - Sten-Oliver Salumaa
- Department of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Narva Str 20, Tartu, 51009, Estonia
| | - Daniel Majoral
- Department of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Narva Str 20, Tartu, 51009, Estonia
| | - Tõnis Laasfeld
- Department of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Narva Str 20, Tartu, 51009, Estonia.,Chair of Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila, Estonia
| | | | | | | | - Kaupo Palo
- PerkinElmer Cellular Technologies, Germany GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leopold Parts
- Department of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Narva Str 20, Tartu, 51009, Estonia.,Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
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29
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Gritti N, Oriola D, Trivedi V. Rethinking embryology in vitro: A synergy between engineering, data science and theory. Dev Biol 2021; 474:48-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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30
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Belfiore L, Aghaei B, Law AMK, Dobrowolski JC, Raftery LJ, Tjandra AD, Yee C, Piloni A, Volkerling A, Ferris CJ, Engel M. Generation and analysis of 3D cell culture models for drug discovery. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 163:105876. [PMID: 33989755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Successful preclinical drug testing relies in part on data generated using in vitro cell culture models that recapitulate the structure and function of tumours and other tissues in vivo. The growing evidence that 3D cell models can more accurately predict the efficacy of drug responses compared to traditionally utilised 2D cell culture systems has led to continuous scientific and technological advances that enable better physiologically representative in vitro modelling of in vivo tissues. This review will provide an overview of the utility of current 3D cell models from a drug screening perspective and explore the future of 3D cell models for drug discovery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Belfiore
- Inventia Life Science Pty Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales, 2015, Australia.
| | - Behnaz Aghaei
- Inventia Life Science Pty Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales, 2015, Australia; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Andrew M K Law
- Inventia Life Science Pty Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales, 2015, Australia
| | | | - Lyndon J Raftery
- Inventia Life Science Pty Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales, 2015, Australia
| | - Angie D Tjandra
- Inventia Life Science Pty Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales, 2015, Australia
| | - Christine Yee
- Inventia Life Science Pty Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales, 2015, Australia; Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Alberto Piloni
- Inventia Life Science Pty Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales, 2015, Australia
| | | | - Cameron J Ferris
- Inventia Life Science Pty Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales, 2015, Australia
| | - Martin Engel
- Inventia Life Science Pty Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales, 2015, Australia
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31
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Riss T, Trask OJ. Factors to consider when interrogating 3D culture models with plate readers or automated microscopes. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:238-256. [PMID: 33564998 PMCID: PMC7946695 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00537-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Along with the increased use of more physiologically relevant three-dimensional cell culture models comes the responsibility of researchers to validate new assay methods that measure events in structures that are physically larger and more complex compared to monolayers of cells. It should not be assumed that assays designed using monolayers of cells will work for cells cultured as larger three-dimensional masses. The size and barriers for penetration of molecules through the layers of cells result in a different microenvironment for the cells in the outer layer compared to the center of three-dimensional structures. Diffusion rates for nutrients and oxygen may limit metabolic activity which is often measured as a marker for cell viability. For assays that lyse cells, the penetration of reagents to achieve uniform cell lysis must be considered. For live cell fluorescent imaging assays, the diffusion of fluorescent probes and penetration of photons of light for probe excitation and fluorescent emission must be considered. This review will provide an overview of factors to consider when implementing assays to interrogate three dimensional cell culture models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Riss
- Promega Corporation, Cell Health, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Fitchburg, WI, 53711, USA.
| | - O Joseph Trask
- PerkinElmer Inc., Life Sciences and Technology, 940 Winter Street, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
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32
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Addressing the tumour microenvironment in early drug discovery: a strategy to overcome drug resistance and identify novel targets for cancer therapy. Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:663-676. [PMID: 33278601 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) comprises not only malignant and non-malignant cells, but also the extracellular matrix (ECM), secreted factors, and regulators of cellular functions. In addition to genetic alterations, changes of the biochemical/biophysical properties or cellular composition of the TME have been implicated in drug resistance. Here, we review the composition of the ECM and different elements of the TME contributing to drug resistance, including soluble factors, hypoxia, extracellular acidity, and cell adhesion properties. We discuss selected approaches for modelling the TME, current progress, and their use in low-and high-throughput assays for preclinical studies. Lastly, we summarise the status quo of advanced 3D cancer models compatible with high-throughput screening (HTS), the technical practicalities and challenges.
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33
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Fröhlich E. Issues with Cancer Spheroid Models in Therapeutic Drug Screening. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2137-2148. [PMID: 32067603 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200218094200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In vitro screening for anti-cancer agents currently uses mainly cell lines in 2D culture. It is generally assumed that 3D culture, namely spheroids, represents physiologically more relevant models for tumors. Unfortunately, drug testing in spheroids is not as easy and reproducible as in 2D culture because there are factors that limit the universal use of spheroids as screening platforms. Technical problems in the generation of uniform spheroids, cell/tumor-specific differences in the ability to form spheroids, and more complex readout parameters are the main reasons for differences between spheroid data. The review discusses requirements for cancer spheroids to be representative models, suitable methodologies to generate spheroids for the screening and readout parameters for the evaluation of anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Fröhlich
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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34
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Nolasco P, Borsoi J, Moraes CB, Freitas-Junior LH, Pereira LV. Human induced pluripotent stem cells as a tool for disease modeling and drug screening for COVID-19. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 44:e20200198. [PMID: 33275129 PMCID: PMC7737100 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2020-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of the new corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) and the resulting COVID-19 pandemic requires fast development of novel prevention and therapeutic strategies. These rely on understanding the biology of the virus and its interaction with the host, and on agnostic phenotypic screening for compounds that prevent viral infection. In vitro screenings of compounds are usually performed in human or animal-derived tumor or immortalized cell lines due to their ease of culturing. However, these platforms may not represent the tissues affected by the disease in vivo, and therefore better models are needed to validate and expedite drug development, especially in face of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this scenario, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are a powerful research tool due to their ability to generate normal differentiated cell types relevant for the disease. Here we discuss the different ways hiPSCs can contribute to COVID-19 related research, including modeling the disease in vitro and serving as a platform for drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Nolasco
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Laboratório Nacional de Células-tronco Embrionárias (LaNCE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Borsoi
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Laboratório Nacional de Células-tronco Embrionárias (LaNCE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Borsoi Moraes
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucio H. Freitas-Junior
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Phenotypic Screening Platform, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lygia Veiga Pereira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Laboratório Nacional de Células-tronco Embrionárias (LaNCE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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35
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Trusler O, Goodwin J, Laslett AL. BRCA1 and BRCA2 associated breast cancer and the roles of current modelling systems in drug discovery. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188459. [PMID: 33129865 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
For a drug candidate to be fully developed takes years and investment of hundreds of millions of dollars. There is no doubt that drug development is difficult and risky, but vital to protecting against devastating disease. This difficulty is clearly evident in BRCA1 and BRCA2 related breast cancer, with current treatment options largely confined to invasive surgical procedures, as well as chemotherapy and radiotherapy regimes which damage healthy tissue and can leave remnant disease. Consequently, patient survival and relapse rates are far from ideal, and new candidate treatments are needed. The preclinical stages of drug discovery are crucial to get right for translation to hospital beds. Disease models must take advantage of current technologies and be accurate for rapid and translatable treatments. Careful selection of cell lines must be coupled with high throughput techniques, with promising results trialled further in highly accurate humanised patient derived xenograft models. Traditional adherent drug screening should transition to 3D culture systems amenable to high throughput techniques if the gap between in vitro and in vivo studies is to be partially bridged. The possibility of organoid, induced pluripotent stem cell, and conditionally reprogrammed in vitro models is tantalising, however protocols are yet to be fully established. This review of BRCA1 and BRCA2 cancer biology and current modelling systems will hopefully guide the design of future drug discovery endeavours and highlight areas requiring improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Trusler
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jacob Goodwin
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Andrew L Laslett
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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36
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Basu A, Dydowiczová A, Trosko JE, Bláha L, Babica P. Ready to go 3D? A semi-automated protocol for microwell spheroid arrays to increase scalability and throughput of 3D cell culture testing. Toxicol Mech Methods 2020; 30:590-604. [PMID: 32713235 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2020.1800881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
3-dimensional (3D) cell cultures are being increasingly recognized as physiologically more relevant in vitro models than traditional monolayer cultures, because they better mimic in vivo-like microenvironment, cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Nevertheless, the broader use of 3D models might be limited by requirements for special consumables, equipment, or skills for 3D cell cultures, and by their limited throughput and scalability. In this study, we optimized and adapted a commercially available agarose-micromolding technique to produce scaffold-free spheroid cultures. Brightfield microscopy was used for routine nondestructive and noninvasive evaluation of spheroid formation and growth. The workflow is compatible with manual, as well as high speed automated microscopic image acquisition, and it is supplemented with an in-house developed macro 'Spheroid_Finder' for open source software Fiji to facilitate rapid automated image analysis. This protocol was used to characterize and quantify spheroid formation and growth of two different hepatic cell lines, hTERT immortalized, but non-cancerous, adult human liver stem cell line HL1-hT1, and human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2, as well as their responses to a model antiproliferative and cytotoxic agent, 5-fluorouracil. The complete protocol provides a simple and ready-to-use solution to initiate scaffold-free spheroid cultures in any laboratory with standard equipment for mammalian in vitro cell culture work. Thus, it allows to increase throughput and scale of spheroid culture experiments, which can be greatly utilized in different areas of biomedical, pharmaceutical and toxicological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Basu
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Dydowiczová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - James E Trosko
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, and Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Luděk Bláha
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Babica
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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37
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Zink D, Chuah JKC, Ying JY. Assessing Toxicity with Human Cell-Based In Vitro Methods. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:570-582. [PMID: 32470384 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In toxicology, there is a strong push towards replacing animal experiments with alternative methods, which include cell-based in vitro methods for the assessment of adverse health effects in humans. High-throughput methods are of central interest due to the large and steadily growing numbers of compounds that require assessment. Tremendous progress has been made during the last decade in developing and applying such methods. Innovative technologies for addressing complex biological interactions include induced pluripotent stem cell- and organoid-based approaches, organotypic coculture systems, and microfluidic 'multiorgan' chips. Combining in vitro methods with bioinformatics and in silico modeling generates new powerful tools for toxicity assessment, and the rapid progress in the field is expected to continue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Zink
- NanoBio Lab, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, #09-01, Singapore 138669, Singapore; Innovations in Food and Chemical Safety Programme, A*STAR, Singapore.
| | - Jacqueline Kai Chin Chuah
- NanoBio Lab, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, #09-01, Singapore 138669, Singapore; Cellbae Pte Ltd, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Jackie Y Ying
- NanoBio Lab, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, #09-01, Singapore 138669, Singapore.
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38
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Han KC, Park D, Ju S, Lee YE, Heo SH, Kim YA, Lee JE, Lee Y, Park KH, Park SH, Lee HJ, Lee C, Jang M. Streamlined selection of cancer antigens for vaccine development through integrative multi-omics and high-content cell imaging. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5885. [PMID: 32245999 PMCID: PMC7125174 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62244-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of tumor antigens that induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is crucial for cancer-vaccine development. Despite their predictive ability, current algorithmic approaches and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-peptidomic analysis allow limited selectivity. Here, we optimized a method to rapidly screen and identify highly immunogenic epitopes that trigger CTL responses. We used a combined application of this method involving immune-specific signature analysis and HLA-associated peptidomics using samples from six patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in order to select immunogenic HLA epitopes for in vitro testing. Additionally, we applied high-throughput imaging at the single-cell level in order to confirm the immunoreactivity of the selected peptides. The results indicated that this method enabled identification of promising CTL peptides capable of inducing antitumor immunity. This platform combining high-resolution computational analysis, HLA-peptidomics, and high-throughput immunogenicity testing allowed rapid and robust identification of highly immunogenic epitopes and represents a powerful technique for cancer-vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Cheol Han
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Daechan Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinyeong Ju
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Eun Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.,College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Heo
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.,Asan Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ae Kim
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuna Lee
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong Hwa Park
- Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal medicine, Korea University College of medicine, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Ho Park
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Lee
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.,Asan Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolju Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Converging Science and Technology, KHU-KIST, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mihue Jang
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Converging Science and Technology, KHU-KIST, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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39
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Lee TB, Lee J, Jun JH. Three-Dimensional Approaches in Histopathological Tissue Clearing System. KOREAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.15324/kjcls.2020.52.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Bok Lee
- Confocal Core Facility, Center for Medical Innovation, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaewang Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jin Hyun Jun
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Senior Healthcare, BK21 Plus Program, Graduate School of Eulji University, Seongnam, Korea
- Eulji Medi-Bio Research Institute (EMBRI), Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
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40
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Brüningk SC, Rivens I, Box C, Oelfke U, Ter Haar G. 3D tumour spheroids for the prediction of the effects of radiation and hyperthermia treatments. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1653. [PMID: 32015396 PMCID: PMC6997397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58569-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
For multimodality therapies such as the combination of hyperthermia and radiation, quantification of biological effects is key for dose prescription and response prediction. Tumour spheroids have a microenvironment that more closely resembles that of tumours in vivo and may thus be a superior in vitro cancer model than monolayer cultures. Here, the response of tumour spheroids formed from two established human cancer cell lines (HCT116 and CAL27) to single and combination treatments of radiation (0-20 Gy), and hyperthermia at 47 °C (0-780 CEM43) has been evaluated. Response was analysed in terms of spheroid growth, cell viability and the distribution of live/dead cells. Time-lapse imaging was used to evaluate mechanisms of cell death and cell detachment. It was found that sensitivity to heat in spheroids was significantly less than that seen in monolayer cultures. Spheroids showed different patterns of shrinkage and regrowth when exposed to heat or radiation: heated spheroids shed dead cells within four days of heating and displayed faster growth post-exposure than samples that received radiation or no treatment. Irradiated spheroids maintained a dense structure and exhibited a longer growth delay than spheroids receiving hyperthermia or combination treatment at (thermal) doses that yielded equivalent levels of clonogenic cell survival. We suggest that, unlike radiation, which kills dividing cells, hyperthermia-induced cell death affects cells independent of their proliferation status. This induces microenvironmental changes that promote spheroid growth. In conclusion, 3D tumour spheroid growth studies reveal differences in response to heat and/or radiation that were not apparent in 2D clonogenic assays but that may significantly influence treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Brüningk
- Joint Department of Physics at The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SM25NG, UK.
| | - Ian Rivens
- Joint Department of Physics at The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SM25NG, UK
| | - Carol Box
- Joint Department of Physics at The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SM25NG, UK
| | - Uwe Oelfke
- Joint Department of Physics at The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SM25NG, UK
| | - Gail Ter Haar
- Joint Department of Physics at The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SM25NG, UK
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41
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Marescotti D, Bovard D, Morelli M, Sandoz A, Luettich K, Frentzel S, Peitsch M, Hoeng J. In Vitro High-Content Imaging-Based Phenotypic Analysis of Bronchial 3D Organotypic Air-Liquid Interface Cultures. SLAS Technol 2020; 25:247-252. [PMID: 31971054 DOI: 10.1177/2472630319895473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
High-content imaging (HCI) is a powerful method for quantifying biological effects in vitro. Historically, HCI has been applied to adherent cells growing in monolayers. With the advent of confocal versions of HCI devices, researchers now have the option of performing analyses on 3D cell cultures. However, some obstacles remain in integrating the third dimension, such as limited light penetration and less sophisticated image analysis. Here, we report the development of an HCI technique for imaging human bronchial 3D organotypic air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures (hBR-ALI). In this method, we monitored differentiation status through HCI evaluation markers representative of ciliated epithelial cells and goblet cells (Muc5AC [mucin 5AC]). As a second use case for demonstrating the utility of this technique, we induced goblet cell hyperplasia in hBR-ALI by using interleukin (IL)-13. Our results demonstrate the utility of the HCI technique for imaging hBR-ALI grown on Transwell inserts. This technique may be expanded to other cell culture systems, such as skin epithelia and 3D intestinal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Bovard
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Moran Morelli
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Antonin Sandoz
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Karsta Luettich
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Frentzel
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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42
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van der Graaff L, van Leenders GJLH, Boyaval F, Stallinga S. Multi-line fluorescence scanning microscope for multi-focal imaging with unlimited field of view. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:6313-6339. [PMID: 31853402 PMCID: PMC6913394 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.006313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Confocal scanning microscopy is the de facto standard modality for fluorescence imaging. Point scanning, however, leads to a limited throughput and makes the technique unsuitable for fast multi-focal scanning over large areas. We propose an architecture for multi-focal fluorescence imaging that is scalable to large area imaging. The design is based on the concept of line scanning with continuous 'push broom' scanning. Instead of a line sensor, we use an area sensor that is tilted with respect to the optical axis to acquire image data from multiple depths inside the sample simultaneously. A multi-line illumination where the lines span a plane conjugate to the tilted sensor is created by means of a diffractive optics design, implemented on a spatial light modulator. In particular, we describe a design that uses higher order astigmatism to generate focal lines of substantially constant peak intensity along the lines. The proposed method is suitable for fast 3D image acquisition with unlimited field of view, it requires no moving components except for the sample scanning stage, and provides intrinsic alignment of the simultaneously scanned focal slices. As proof of concept, we have scanned 9 focal slices simultaneously over an area of 36 mm2 at 0.29 µm pixel size in object space. The projected ultimate throughput that can be realized with the proposed architecture is in excess of 100 Mpixel/s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon van der Graaff
- Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
| | | | - Fanny Boyaval
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd Stallinga
- Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
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43
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Parrish J, Lim K, Zhang B, Radisic M, Woodfield TBF. New Frontiers for Biofabrication and Bioreactor Design in Microphysiological System Development. Trends Biotechnol 2019; 37:1327-1343. [PMID: 31202544 PMCID: PMC6874730 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Microphysiological systems (MPSs) have been proposed as an improved tool to recreate the complex biological features of the native niche with the goal of improving in vitro-in vivo extrapolation. In just over a decade, MPS technologies have progressed from single-tissue chips to multitissue plates with integrated pumps for perfusion. Concurrently, techniques for biofabrication of complex 3D constructs for regenerative medicine and 3D in vitro models have evolved into a diverse toolbox for micrometer-scale deposition of cells and cell-laden bioinks. However, as the complexity of biological models increases, experimental throughput is often compromised. This review discusses the existing disparity between MPS complexity and throughput, then examines an MPS-terminated biofabrication line to identify the hurdles and potential approaches to overcoming this disparity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon Parrish
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand; New Zealand Medical Technologies Centre of Research Excellence (MedTech CoRE), Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Khoon Lim
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand; New Zealand Medical Technologies Centre of Research Excellence (MedTech CoRE), Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Boyang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; The Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tim B F Woodfield
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand; New Zealand Medical Technologies Centre of Research Excellence (MedTech CoRE), Auckland, New Zealand.
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44
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Tate KM, Munson JM. Assessing drug response in engineered brain microenvironments. Brain Res Bull 2019; 150:21-34. [PMID: 31054318 PMCID: PMC6754984 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineered systems are important models for the testing and discovery of therapeutics against a number of diseases. The use of these models in vitro can expand both our understanding of the mechanisms behind disease and allow for higher throughput and personalized modeling of therapeutic response. Over the past decade there has been an explosion of models of neurological disorders that can be used in vitro to study new therapies against devastating neurodegenerative, neurodevelopmental, and neuro-oncological disease. These models span several types of engineered microenvironments which are produced using microfluidic devices, microtissue technology and/or the incorporation of biomaterial scaffolds to model neurological conditions such as; Alzheimer's disease, idiopathic autism, Parkinson's disease, Zika-induced microcephaly and neoplasms. Using engineered brain microenvironments, therapeutics can be tested in more physiologically relevant ways leading to new knowledge of the underlying causes and interactions occurring at the tissue level. However, much is still left to learn and model within these systems to make them truly valuable in the discovery and testing of novel therapies. Here we review the current state of the art of engineered brain microenvironments being used specifically to screen and test new therapeutic strategies and discuss the current benefits and limitations that still exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinsley M Tate
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Jennifer M Munson
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States.
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45
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Light sheet fluorescence microscopy versus confocal microscopy: in quest of a suitable tool to assess drug and nanomedicine penetration into multicellular tumor spheroids. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 142:195-203. [PMID: 31228557 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We recently constructed a multicellular spheroid model of pancreatic tumor based on a triple co-culture of cancer cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells and characterized by the presence of fibronectin, an important component of the tumor extracellular matrix. By combining cancer cells and stromal components, this model recreates in vitro the three-dimensional (3D) architecture of solid tumors. In this study, we used these hetero-type spheroids as a tool to assess the penetration of doxorubicin (used as a model drug) through the whole tumor mass either in a free form or loaded into polymer nanoparticles (NPs), and we investigated whether microscopy images, acquired by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) and Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy (LSFM), would be best to provide reliable information on this process. Results clearly demonstrated that CLSM was not suitable to accurately monitor the diffusion of small molecules such as the doxorubicin. Indeed, it only allowed to scan a layer of 100 µm depth and no information on deeper layers could be available because of a progressive loss of the fluorescence signal. On the contrary, a complete 3D tomography of the hetero-type multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) was obtained by LSFM and multi-view image fusion which revealed that the fluorescent molecule was able to reach the core of spheroids as large as 1 mm in diameter. However, no doxorubicin-loaded polymer nanoparticles were detected in the spheroids, highlighting the challenge of nanomedicine delivery through biological barriers. Overall, the combination of hetero-type MCTS and LSFM allowed to carry out a highly informative microscopic assessment and represents a suitable approach to precisely follow up the drug penetration in tumors. Accordingly, it could provide useful support in the preclinical investigation and optimization of nanoscale systems for drug delivery to solid tumors.
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46
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Linsley JW, Reisine T, Finkbeiner S. Cell death assays for neurodegenerative disease drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:901-913. [PMID: 31179783 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1623784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Neurodegenerative diseases affect millions of people worldwide. Neurodegeneration is gradual over time, characterized by neuronal death that causes deterioration of cognitive or motor functions, ultimately leading to the patient's death. Currently, there are no treatments that effectively slow the progression of any neurodegenerative disease, but improved microscopy assays and models for neurodegeneration could lead the way to the discovery of disease-modifying therapeutics. Areas covered: Herein, the authors describe cell-based assays used to discover drugs with the potential to slow neurodegeneration, and their associated disease models. They focus on microscopy technologies that can be adapted to a high-throughput screening format that both detect cell death and monitor early signs of neurodegeneration and functional changes to identify drugs that the block early stages of neurodegeneration. Expert opinion: Many different phenotypes have been used in screens for the development of therapeutics towards neurodegenerative disease. The context of each phenotype in relation to neurodegeneration must be established to identify therapeutics likely to successfully target and treat disease. The use of improved models of neurodegeneration, statistical analyses, computational models, and improved markers of neuronal death will help in this pursuit and lead to better screening methods to identify therapeutic compounds against neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy W Linsley
- a Gladstone Center for Systems and Therapeutics , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Terry Reisine
- b Independent scientific consultant , Santa Cruz , CA , USA
| | - Steven Finkbeiner
- a Gladstone Center for Systems and Therapeutics , San Francisco , CA , USA.,c Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California , San Francisco , CA , USA.,d Biomedical Sciences and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California , San Francisco , CA , USA.,e Taube/Koret Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Gladstone Institutes , San Francisco , CA , USA.,f Department of Neurology, University of California , San Francisco , CA , USA.,g Department of Physiology, University of California , San Francisco , CA , USA
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47
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Aasen DM, Vergara MN. New Drug Discovery Paradigms for Retinal Diseases: A Focus on Retinal Organoids. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2019; 36:18-24. [PMID: 31059378 PMCID: PMC6985764 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2018.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal disease represents a growing global problem, both in terms of quality of life and economic impact, yet new therapies are not being developed at a sufficient rate to meet this mounting need. In this context, retinal organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells hold significant promise for improving upon the current drug development process, increasing the speed and efficiency of moving potential therapeutic agents from bench to bedside. These organoid systems display the cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, cellular heterogeneity, and physiological responses reflective of human biology and, thus, have the ability to replicate retinal disease pathology in a way that 2-dimensional cell cultures and animal models have been heretofore unable to achieve. However, organoid technology is not yet mature enough to meet the high-throughput demands of the first stages of drug screening. Hence, the augmentation of the existing drug development pipeline with retinal organoids, rather than the replacement of existing pathway components, may provide a way to harness the benefits of this improved pathological modeling. In this study, we outline the possible benefits of such a symbiosis, discuss other potential uses, and highlight barriers that remain to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davis M Aasen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - M Natalia Vergara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,CellSight Ocular Stem Cell and Regeneration Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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Booij TH, Price LS, Danen EHJ. 3D Cell-Based Assays for Drug Screens: Challenges in Imaging, Image Analysis, and High-Content Analysis. SLAS DISCOVERY 2019; 24:615-627. [PMID: 30817892 PMCID: PMC6589915 DOI: 10.1177/2472555219830087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of more relevant cell models in early preclinical drug discovery, combined with high-content imaging and automated analysis, is expected to increase the quality of compounds progressing to preclinical stages in the drug development pipeline. In this review we discuss the current switch to more relevant 3D cell culture models and associated challenges for high-throughput screening and high-content analysis. We propose that overcoming these challenges will enable front-loading the drug discovery pipeline with better biology, extracting the most from that biology, and, in general, improving translation between in vitro and in vivo models. This is expected to reduce the proportion of compounds that fail in vivo testing due to a lack of efficacy or to toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijmen H Booij
- 1 Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,2 NEXUS Personalized Health Technologies, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Leo S Price
- 1 Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,3 OcellO B.V., Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik H J Danen
- 1 Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Abstract
The past decades have witnessed significant efforts toward the development of three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures as systems that better mimic in vivo physiology. Today, 3D cell cultures are emerging, not only as a new tool in early drug discovery but also as potential therapeutics to treat disease. In this review, we assess leading 3D cell culture technologies and their impact on drug discovery, including spheroids, organoids, scaffolds, hydrogels, organs-on-chips, and 3D bioprinting. We also discuss the implementation of these technologies in compound identification, screening, and development, ranging from disease modeling to assessment of efficacy and safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Fang
- 1 Biochemical Technologies, Corning Research and Development Corporation, Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY, USA
| | - Richard M Eglen
- 2 Corning Life Sciences, Corning Incorporated, Tewksbury, MA, USA
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Huang Y, Zou J, Badar M, Liu J, Shi W, Wang S, Guo Q, Wang X, Kessel S, Chan LLY, Li P, Liu Y, Qiu J, Zhou C. Longitudinal Morphological and Physiological Monitoring of Three-dimensional Tumor Spheroids Using Optical Coherence Tomography. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 30799861 DOI: 10.3791/59020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor spheroids have been developed as a three-dimensional (3D) cell culture model in cancer research and anti-cancer drug discovery. However, currently, high-throughput imaging modalities utilizing bright field or fluorescence detection, are unable to resolve the overall 3D structure of the tumor spheroid due to limited light penetration, diffusion of fluorescent dyes and depth-resolvability. Recently, our lab demonstrated the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT), a label-free and non-destructive 3D imaging modality, to perform longitudinal characterization of multicellular tumor spheroids in a 96-well plate. OCT was capable of obtaining 3D morphological and physiological information of tumor spheroids growing up to about 600 µm in height. In this article, we demonstrate a high-throughput OCT (HT-OCT) imaging system that scans the whole multi-well plate and obtains 3D OCT data of tumor spheroids automatically. We describe the details of the HT-OCT system and construction guidelines in the protocol. From the 3D OCT data, one can visualize the overall structure of the spheroid with 3D rendered and orthogonal slices, characterize the longitudinal growth curve of the tumor spheroid based on the morphological information of size and volume, and monitor the growth of the dead-cell regions in the tumor spheroid based on optical intrinsic attenuation contrast. We show that HT-OCT can be used as a high-throughput imaging modality for drug screening as well as characterizing biofabricated samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyang Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lehigh University
| | - Jinyun Zou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lehigh University
| | - Mudabbir Badar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lehigh University
| | - Junchao Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lehigh University
| | - Wentao Shi
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University
| | | | - Qiongyu Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lehigh University
| | - Sarah Kessel
- Department of Technology R&D, Nexcelom Bioscience LLC
| | | | - Peter Li
- Department of Technology R&D, Nexcelom Bioscience LLC
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lehigh University; Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University
| | - Jean Qiu
- Department of Technology R&D, Nexcelom Bioscience LLC
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lehigh University; Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University; Center for Photonics and Nanoelectronics, Lehigh University;
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