1
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CRISPR-Cas9 F0 knockout approach using predesigned in vitro transcribed guide RNAs partially recapitulates Rx3 function in eye morphogenesis. J Genet 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-022-01408-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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2
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Multiplexed Genome Editing for Efficient Phenotypic Screening in Zebrafish. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9020092. [PMID: 35202345 PMCID: PMC8879510 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish are widely used to investigate candidate genes for human diseases. While the emergence of CRISPR-Cas9 technology has revolutionized gene editing, the use of individual guide RNAs limits the efficiency and application of this technology in functional genetics research. Multiplexed genome editing significantly enhances the efficiency and scope of gene editing. Herein, we describe an efficient multiplexed genome editing strategy to generate zebrafish mutants. Following behavioural tests and histological examination, we identified one new candidate gene (tmem183a) for hearing loss. This study provides a robust genetic platform to quickly obtain zebrafish mutants and to identify candidate genes by phenotypic readouts.
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3
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Manipulation of the Tyrosinase gene permits improved CRISPR/Cas editing and neural imaging in cichlid fish. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15138. [PMID: 34302019 PMCID: PMC8302579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94577-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct tests of gene function have historically been performed in a limited number of model organisms. The CRISPR/Cas system is species-agnostic, offering the ability to manipulate genes in a range of models, enabling insights into evolution, development, and physiology. Astatotilapia burtoni, a cichlid fish from the rivers and shoreline around Lake Tanganyika, has been extensively studied in the laboratory to understand evolution and the neural control of behavior. Here we develop protocols for the creation of CRISPR-edited cichlids and create a broadly useful mutant line. By manipulating the Tyrosinase gene, which is necessary for eumelanin pigment production, we describe a fast and reliable approach to quantify and optimize gene editing efficiency. Tyrosinase mutants also remove a major obstruction to imaging, enabling visualization of subdermal structures and fluorophores in situ. These protocols will facilitate broad application of CRISPR/Cas9 to studies of cichlids as well as other non-traditional model aquatic species.
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4
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Shcheglovitov A, Peterson RT. Screening Platforms for Genetic Epilepsies-Zebrafish, iPSC-Derived Neurons, and Organoids. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:1478-1489. [PMID: 34595731 PMCID: PMC8608971 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01115-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in molecular and cellular engineering, such as human cell reprogramming, genome editing, and patient-specific organoids, have provided unprecedented opportunities for investigating human disorders in both animals and human-based models at an improved pace and precision. This progress will inevitably lead to the development of innovative drug-screening platforms and new patient-specific therapeutics. In this review, we discuss recent advances that have been made using zebrafish and human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons and organoids for modeling genetic epilepsies. We also provide our prospective on how these models can potentially be combined to build new screening platforms for antiseizure and antiepileptogenic drug discovery that harness the robustness and tractability of zebrafish models as well as the patient-specific genetics and biology of iPSC-derived neurons and organoids.
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5
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Sharma P, Sharma BS, Verma RJ. CRISPR-based genome editing of zebrafish. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2021; 180:69-84. [PMID: 33934838 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9, once discovered as an adaptive immune system in bacteria, has emerged as a disruptive technology in the field of genetic engineering. Technological advancements in the recent past has enhanced the applicability of CRISPR/Cas9 tool for gene editing, gene therapies, developmental studies and mutational analysis in various model organisms. Zebrafish, one of the excellent animal models, is preferred for conducting CRISPR/Cas9 studies to assess the functional implication of specific genes of interest. CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene editing techniques, such as, knock-out and knock-in approaches, provide evidences to identify the role of different genes through loss-of-function studies. Also, CRISPR/Cas9 has been proved to be an efficient tool for designing disease models for gene expression studies based on phenotypic screening. The present chapter provides an overview of CRISPR/Cas9 mechanism, different strategies for DNA modifications and gene function analysis, highlighting the translational applications for future prospects, such as screening of drug toxicity and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Biomedical Technology & Human Genetics, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India; PanGenomics International Pvt Ltd, Sterling Accuris Diagnostics, Ellis Bridge, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
| | - B Sharan Sharma
- Rivaara Labs Pvt Ltd, KD Hospital, Vaishnodevi Circle, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Ramtej J Verma
- Department of Zoology, Biomedical Technology & Human Genetics, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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6
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Holland EB, Pessah IN. Non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl neurotoxic equivalents found in environmental and human samples. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 120:104842. [PMID: 33346014 PMCID: PMC8366267 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Non-dioxin like polychlorinated biphenyls (NDL PCB) are recognized neurotoxicants with implications on altered neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration in exposed organisms. NDL PCB neurotoxic relative potency schemes have been developed for a single mechanism, namely activity toward the ryanodine receptor (RyR), or combined mechanisms including, but not limited to, alterations of RyR and dopaminergic pathways. We compared the applicability of the two neurotoxic equivalency (NEQ) schemes and applied each scheme to PCB mixtures found in environmental and human serum samples. A multiple mechanistic NEQ predicts higher neurotoxic exposure concentrations as compared to a scheme based on the RyR alone. Predictions based on PCB ortho categorization, versus homologue categorization, lead to a higher prediction of neurotoxic exposure concentrations, especially for the mMOA. The application of the NEQ schemes to PCB concentration data suggests that PCBs found in fish from US lakes represent a considerable NEQ exposure to fish consuming individuals, that indoor air of schools contained high NEQ concentrations representing an exposure concern when inhaled by children, and that levels already detected in the serum of adults and children may contribute to neurotoxicity. With further validation and in vivo exposure data the NEQ scheme would help provide a more inclusive measure of risk presented by PCB mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Holland
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University of Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA.
| | - I N Pessah
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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7
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Martínez-Gálvez G, Joshi P, Friedberg I, Manduca A, Ekker SC. Deploying MMEJ using MENdel in precision gene editing applications for gene therapy and functional genomics. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:67-78. [PMID: 33305328 PMCID: PMC7797032 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa1156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene-editing experiments commonly elicit the error-prone non-homologous end joining for DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. Microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) can generate more predictable outcomes for functional genomic and somatic therapeutic applications. We compared three DSB repair prediction algorithms – MENTHU, inDelphi, and Lindel – in identifying MMEJ-repaired, homogeneous genotypes (PreMAs) in an independent dataset of 5,885 distinct Cas9-mediated mouse embryonic stem cell DSB repair events. MENTHU correctly identified 46% of all PreMAs available, a ∼2- and ∼60-fold sensitivity increase compared to inDelphi and Lindel, respectively. In contrast, only Lindel correctly predicted predominant single-base insertions. We report the new algorithm MENdel, a combination of MENTHU and Lindel, that achieves the most predictive coverage of homogeneous out-of-frame mutations in this large dataset. We then estimated the frequency of Cas9-targetable homogeneous frameshift-inducing DSBs in vertebrate coding regions for gene discovery using MENdel. 47 out of 54 genes (87%) contained at least one early frameshift-inducing DSB and 49 out of 54 (91%) did so when also considering Cas12a-mediated deletions. We suggest that the use of MENdel helps researchers use MMEJ at scale for reverse genetics screenings and with sufficient intra-gene density rates to be viable for nearly all loss-of-function based gene editing therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parnal Joshi
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Iddo Friedberg
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,Dept. of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Armando Manduca
- Dept. of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stephen C Ekker
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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8
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Nguyen VT, Bian L, Tamaoki J, Otsubo S, Muratani M, Kawahara A, Kobayashi M. Generation and characterization of keap1a- and keap1b-knockout zebrafish. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101667. [PMID: 32828016 PMCID: PMC7452054 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Keap1–Nrf2 pathway is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that protects cells from oxidative stress and electrophiles. Under homeostatic conditions, Keap1 interacts with Nrf2 and leads to its rapid proteasomal degradation, but when cells are exposed to oxidative stress/electrophiles, Keap1 senses them, resulting in an improper Keap1–Nrf2 interaction and Nrf2 stabilization. Keap1 is therefore considered both an “inhibitor” of and “stress sensor” for Nrf2 activation. Interestingly, fish and amphibians have two Keap1s (Keap1a and Keap1b), while there is only one in mammals, birds and reptiles. A phylogenetic analysis suggested that mammalian Keap1 is an ortholog of fish Keap1b, not Keap1a. In this study, we investigated the differences and similarities between Keap1a and Keap1b using zebrafish genetics. We generated zebrafish knockout lines of keap1a and keap1b. Homozygous mutants of both knockout lines were viable and fertile. In both mutant larvae, the basal expression of Nrf2 target genes and antioxidant activity were up-regulated in an Nrf2-dependent manner, suggesting that both Keap1a and Keap1b can function as Nrf2 inhibitors. We also analyzed the effects of the Nrf2 activator sulforaphane in these mutants and found that keap1a-, but not keap1b-, knockout larvae responded to sulforaphane, suggesting that the stress/chemical-sensing abilities of the two Keap1s are different. Fish and amphibians have two Keap1s: Keap1a and Keap1b. Mammalian Keap1 is an ortholog of fish Keap1b, not Keap1a. Both Keap1a and Keap1b can function as Nrf2 inhibitors. The sulforaphane-sensing abilities of Keap1a and Keap1b are different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan; Division of Aquaculture Biotechnology, Biotechnology Center of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Lixuan Bian
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Junya Tamaoki
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Shiro Otsubo
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Masafumi Muratani
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Atsuo Kawahara
- Laboratory for Developmental Biology, Center for Medical Education and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan.
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Carrington B, Weinstein RN, Sood R. BE4max and AncBE4max Are Efficient in Germline Conversion of C:G to T:A Base Pairs in Zebrafish. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071690. [PMID: 32674364 PMCID: PMC7407168 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ease of use and robustness of genome editing by CRISPR/Cas9 has led to successful use of gene knockout zebrafish for disease modeling. However, it still remains a challenge to precisely edit the zebrafish genome to create single-nucleotide substitutions, which account for ~60% of human disease-causing mutations. Recently developed base editing nucleases provide an excellent alternate to CRISPR/Cas9-mediated homology dependent repair for generation of zebrafish with point mutations. A new set of cytosine base editors, termed BE4max and AncBE4max, demonstrated improved base editing efficiency in mammalian cells but have not been evaluated in zebrafish. Therefore, we undertook this study to evaluate their efficiency in converting C:G to T:A base pairs in zebrafish by somatic and germline analysis using highly active sgRNAs to twist and ntl genes. Our data demonstrated that these improved BE4max set of plasmids provide desired base substitutions at similar efficiency and without any indels compared to the previously reported BE3 and Target-AID plasmids in zebrafish. Our data also showed that AncBE4max produces fewer incorrect and bystander edits, suggesting that it can be further improved by codon optimization of its components for use in zebrafish.
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10
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Espino-Saldaña AE, Rodríguez-Ortiz R, Pereida-Jaramillo E, Martínez-Torres A. Modeling Neuronal Diseases in Zebrafish in the Era of CRISPR. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:136-152. [PMID: 31573887 PMCID: PMC7324878 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666191001145550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Danio rerio is a powerful experimental model for studies in genetics and development. Recently, CRISPR technology has been applied in this species to mimic various human diseases, including those affecting the nervous system. Zebrafish offer multiple experimental advantages: external embryogenesis, rapid development, transparent embryos, short life cycle, and basic neurobiological processes shared with humans. This animal model, together with the CRISPR system, emerging imaging technologies, and novel behavioral approaches, lay the basis for a prominent future in neuropathology and will undoubtedly accelerate our understanding of brain function and its disorders. OBJECTIVE Gather relevant findings from studies that have used CRISPR technologies in zebrafish to explore basic neuronal function and model human diseases. METHODS We systematically reviewed the most recent literature about CRISPR technology applications for understanding brain function and neurological disorders in D. rerio. We highlighted the key role of CRISPR in driving forward our understanding of particular topics in neuroscience. RESULTS We show specific advances in neurobiology when the CRISPR system has been applied in zebrafish and describe how CRISPR is accelerating our understanding of brain organization. CONCLUSION Today, CRISPR is the preferred method to modify genomes of practically any living organism. Despite the rapid development of CRISPR technologies to generate disease models in zebrafish, more efforts are needed to efficiently combine different disciplines to find the etiology and treatments for many brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles Edith Espino-Saldaña
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Campus UNAM Juriquilla, Querétaro, Qro CP76230, México
- Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Roberto Rodríguez-Ortiz
- CONACYT - Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Querétaro, Qro., México
| | - Elizabeth Pereida-Jaramillo
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Campus UNAM Juriquilla, Querétaro, Qro CP76230, México
| | - Ataúlfo Martínez-Torres
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Campus UNAM Juriquilla, Querétaro, Qro CP76230, México
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11
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Zhao J, Lai L, Ji W, Zhou Q. Genome editing in large animals: current status and future prospects. Natl Sci Rev 2019; 6:402-420. [PMID: 34691891 PMCID: PMC8291540 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwz013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Large animals (non-human primates, livestock and dogs) are playing important roles in biomedical research, and large livestock animals serve as important sources of meat and milk. The recently developed programmable DNA nucleases have revolutionized the generation of gene-modified large animals that are used for biological and biomedical research. In this review, we briefly introduce the recent advances in nuclease-meditated gene editing tools, and we outline these editing tools' applications in human disease modeling, regenerative medicine and agriculture. Additionally, we provide perspectives regarding the challenges and prospects of the new genome editing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Liangxue Lai
- South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Weizhi Ji
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedicine Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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12
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Developing zebrafish disease models for in vivo small molecule screens. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2019; 50:37-44. [PMID: 30928773 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish is a model organism that allows in vivo studies to be performed at a scale usually restricted to in vitro studies. As such, the zebrafish is well suited to in vivo screens, in which thousands of small molecules are tested for their ability to modify disease phenotypes in zebrafish disease models. Numerous approaches have been developed for modeling human diseases in zebrafish, including mutagenesis, transgenesis, pharmacological approaches, wounding, and exposure to infectious or cancerous agents. We review the various strategies for modeling human diseases in zebrafish and discuss important considerations when developing zebrafish models for use in in vivo small molecule screens.
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Vaz R, Hofmeister W, Lindstrand A. Zebrafish Models of Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Limitations and Benefits of Current Tools and Techniques. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061296. [PMID: 30875831 PMCID: PMC6471844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For the past few years there has been an exponential increase in the use of animal models to confirm the pathogenicity of candidate disease-causing genetic variants found in patients. One such animal model is the zebrafish. Despite being a non-mammalian animal, the zebrafish model has proven its potential in recapitulating the phenotypes of many different human genetic disorders. This review will focus on recent advances in the modeling of neurodevelopmental disorders in zebrafish, covering aspects from early brain development to techniques used for modulating gene expression, as well as how to best characterize the resulting phenotypes. We also review other existing models of neurodevelopmental disorders, and the current efforts in developing and testing compounds with potential therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Vaz
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Wolfgang Hofmeister
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark and the Novo Nordisk Foundation for Stem cell Biology (Danstem), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Anna Lindstrand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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14
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Hamimi M, Khabooshan M, Castillo HA, Kaslin J. Fluorescently Labeled TracrRNA Improves Work Flow and Facilitates Successful Genome Editing in Zebrafish. Zebrafish 2018; 16:135-137. [PMID: 30585775 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2018.1669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene editing using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) is widely used throughout the zebrafish community for the generation of knockouts and knockins. One of the bottlenecks that exists during the process is the laborious screening of injected embryos for F0 founder fish or CRISPants, weeks after the injection date. In this study we show that the use of fluorescently tagged tracrRNA and sorting for fluorescent embryos as early as the 512-cell stage using stereomicroscope significantly improve yield of fish with successfully CRISPR/Cas9-edited genomes. This is a cost-effective strategy that significantly improves workflow and efficacy in genome editing in particular for less experienced researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Hamimi
- 1 Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Mitra Khabooshan
- 1 Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Hozana A Castillo
- 1 Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,2 Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, Brazilian Center of Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jan Kaslin
- 1 Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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15
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Prenatal Neuropathologies in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability: The Gestation of a Comprehensive Zebrafish Model. J Dev Biol 2018; 6:jdb6040029. [PMID: 30513623 PMCID: PMC6316217 DOI: 10.3390/jdb6040029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) are neurodevelopmental disorders with overlapping diagnostic behaviors and risk factors. These include embryonic exposure to teratogens and mutations in genes that have important functions prenatally. Animal models, including rodents and zebrafish, have been essential in delineating mechanisms of neuropathology and identifying developmental critical periods, when those mechanisms are most sensitive to disruption. This review focuses on how the developmentally accessible zebrafish is contributing to our understanding of prenatal pathologies that set the stage for later ASD-ID behavioral deficits. We discuss the known factors that contribute prenatally to ASD-ID and the recent use of zebrafish to model deficits in brain morphogenesis and circuit development. We conclude by suggesting that a future challenge in zebrafish ASD-ID modeling will be to bridge prenatal anatomical and physiological pathologies to behavioral deficits later in life.
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16
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Zebrafish research: Rewriting the rulebook. Methods 2018; 150:1-2. [PMID: 30390965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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