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Hu Y, Li J, Li X, Wang D, Xiang R, Liu W, Hou S, Zhao Q, Yu X, Xu M, Zhao D, Li T, Chi Y, Yang J. Hepatocyte-secreted FAM3D ameliorates hepatic steatosis by activating FPR1-hnRNP U-GR-SCAD pathway to enhance lipid oxidation. Metabolism 2023:155661. [PMID: 37454871 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide; however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. FAM3D is a member of the FAM3 family; however, its role in hepatic glycolipid metabolism remains unknown. Serum FAM3D levels are positively correlated with fasting blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes. Hepatocytes express and secrete FAM3D, and its expression is increased in steatotic human and mouse livers. Hepatic FAM3D overexpression ameliorated hyperglycemia and steatosis in obese mice, whereas FAM3D-deficient mice exhibited exaggerated hyperglycemia and steatosis after high-fat diet (HFD)-feeding. In cultured hepatocytes, FAM3D overexpression or recombinant FAM3D protein (rFAM3D) treatment reduced gluconeogenesis and lipid deposition, which were blocked by anti-FAM3D antibodies or inhibition of its receptor, formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1). FPR1 overexpression suppressed gluconeogenesis and reduced lipid deposition in wild hepatocytes but not in FAM3D-deficient hepatocytes. The addition of rFAM3D restored FPR1's inhibitory effects on gluconeogenesis and lipid deposition in FAM3D-deficient hepatocytes. Hepatic FPR1 overexpression ameliorated hyperglycemia and steatosis in obese mice. RNA sequencing and DNA pull-down revealed that the FAM3D-FPR1 axis upregulated the expression of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (hnRNP U), which recruits the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) to the promoter region of the short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD) gene, promoting its transcription to enhance lipid oxidation. Moreover, FAM3D-FPR1 axis also activates calmodulin-Akt pathway to suppress gluconeogenesis in hepatocytes. In conclusion, hepatocyte-secreted FAM3D activated the FPR1-hnRNP U-GR-SCAD pathway to enhance lipid oxidation in hepatocytes. Under obesity conditions, increased hepatic FAM3D expression is a compensatory mechanism against dysregulated glucose and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Hu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100027, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory and Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Rui Xiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Song Hou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qinghe Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiaoxing Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yujing Chi
- Department of Central Laboratory and Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Jichun Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
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Peng H, Xie M, Zhong X, Su Y, Qin X, Xu Q, Zhou S. Riboflavin ameliorates pathological cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis through the activation of short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. Eur J Pharmacol 2023:175849. [PMID: 37331684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD), the rate-limiting enzyme for fatty acid β-oxidation, has a negative regulatory effect on pathological cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. FAD, a coenzyme of SCAD, participates in the electron transfer of SCAD-catalyzed fatty acid β-oxidation, which plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of myocardial energy metabolism. Insufficient riboflavin intake can lead to symptoms similar to short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD) deficiency or flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) gene abnormality, which can be alleviated by riboflavin supplementation. However, whether riboflavin can inhibit pathological cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis remains unclear. Therefore, we observed the effect of riboflavin on pathological cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. In vitro experiments, riboflavin increased SCAD expression and the content of ATP, decreased the free fatty acids content and improved PE-induced cardiomyocytes hypertrophy and AngⅡ-induced cardiac fibroblasts proliferation by increasing the content of FAD, which were attenuated by knocking down the expression of SCAD using small interfering RNA. In vivo experiments, riboflavin significantly increased the expression of SCAD and the energy metabolism of the heart to improve TAC induced pathological myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis in mice. The results demonstrate that riboflavin improves pathological cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis by increasing the content of FAD to activate SCAD, which may be a new strategy for treating pathological cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Peng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510699, China.
| | - Min Xie
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510699, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510699, China
| | - Yongshao Su
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510699, China
| | - Xue Qin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510699, China
| | - Qingping Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510699, China
| | - Sigui Zhou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510699, China.
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Zhong X, Li Z, Xu Q, Peng H, Su Y, Le K, Shu Z, Liao Y, Ma Z, Pan X, Xu S, Zhou S. Short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase is a potential target for the treatment of vascular remodelling. J Hypertens 2023; 41:775-793. [PMID: 36883465 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD), a key enzyme in the fatty acid oxidation process, is not only involved in ATP synthesis but also regulates the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide synthesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible role of SCAD in hypertension-associated vascular remodelling. METHODS In-vivo experiments were performed on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs, ages of 4 weeks to 20 months) and SCAD knockout mice. The aorta sections of hypertensive patients were used for measurement of SCAD expression. In-vitro experiments with t-butylhydroperoxide (tBHP), SCAD siRNA, adenovirus-SCAD (MOI 90) or shear stress (4, 15 dynes/cm 2 ) were performed using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). RESULTS Compared with age-matched Wistar rats, aortic SCAD expression decreased gradually in SHRs with age. In addition, aerobic exercise training for 8 weeks could significantly increase SCAD expression and enzyme activity in the aortas of SHRs while decreasing vascular remodelling in SHRs. SCAD knockout mice also exhibited aggravated vascular remodelling and cardiovascular dysfunction. Likewise, SCAD expression was also decreased in tBHP-induced endothelial cell apoptosis models and the aortas of hypertensive patients. SCAD siRNA caused HUVEC apoptosis in vitro , whereas adenovirus-mediated SCAD overexpression (Ad-SCAD) protected against HUVEC apoptosis. Furthermore, SCAD expression was decreased in HUVECs exposed to low shear stress (4 dynes/cm 2 ) and increased in HUVECs exposed to 15 dynes/cm 2 compared with those under static conditions. CONCLUSION SCAD is a negative regulator of vascular remodelling and may represent a novel therapeutic target for vascular remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Zhong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, GuangDong Pharmaceutical University
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, GuangZhou, China
| | - Zhonghong Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, GuangDong Pharmaceutical University
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, GuangZhou, China
| | - Qingping Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, GuangDong Pharmaceutical University
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, GuangZhou, China
| | - Huan Peng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, GuangDong Pharmaceutical University
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, GuangZhou, China
| | - Yongshao Su
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, GuangDong Pharmaceutical University
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, GuangZhou, China
| | - Kang Le
- Sickle Cell Branch, National heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhaohui Shu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, GuangDong Pharmaceutical University
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, GuangZhou, China
| | - Yingqin Liao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, GuangDong Pharmaceutical University
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, GuangZhou, China
| | - Zhichao Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, GuangDong Pharmaceutical University
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, GuangZhou, China
| | - Xuediao Pan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, GuangDong Pharmaceutical University
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, GuangZhou, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, China
| | - Sigui Zhou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, GuangDong Pharmaceutical University
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, GuangZhou, China
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Gao J, Liu H, Wang X, Wang L, Gu J, Wang Y, Yang Z, Liu Y, Yang J, Cai Z, Shu Y, Min L. Associative analysis of multi-omics data indicates that acetylation modification is widely involved in cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1030644. [PMID: 36714109 PMCID: PMC9877466 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1030644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to study the molecular mechanisms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) caused by cigarette smoke more comprehensively and systematically through different perspectives and aspects and to explore the role of protein acetylation modification in COPD. We established the COPD model by exposing C57BL/6J mice to cigarette smoke for 24 weeks, then analyzed the transcriptomics, proteomics, and acetylomics data of mouse lung tissue by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and associated these omics data through unique algorithms. This study demonstrated that the differentially expressed proteins and acetylation modification in the lung tissue of COPD mice were co-enriched in pathways such as oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and fatty acid degradation. A total of 19 genes, namely, ENO3, PFKM, ALDOA, ACTN2, FGG, MYH1, MYH3, MYH8, MYL1, MYLPF, TTN, ACTA1, ATP2A1, CKM, CORO1A, EEF1A2, AKR1B8, MB, and STAT1, were significantly and differentially expressed at all the three levels of transcription, protein, and acetylation modification simultaneously. Then, we assessed the distribution and expression in different cell subpopulations of these 19 genes in the lung tissues of patients with COPD by analyzing data from single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Finally, we carried out the in vivo experimental verification using mouse lung tissue through quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blotting (WB), immunofluorescence (IF), and immunoprecipitation (IP). The results showed that the differential acetylation modifications of mouse lung tissue are widely involved in cigarette smoke-induced COPD. ALDOA is significantly downregulated and hyperacetylated in the lung tissues of humans and mice with COPD, which might be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and/or treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyin Gao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hongjun Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuxiu Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhiguang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhibin Cai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yusheng Shu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,Yusheng Shu ✉
| | - Lingfeng Min
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Lingfeng Min ✉
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Ziemann M, Wu W, Deng XL, Du XJ. Transcriptomic Analysis of Dysregulated Genes of the nDNA-mtDNA Axis in a Mouse Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Front Genet 2022; 13:921610. [PMID: 35754828 PMCID: PMC9214240 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.921610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the development of cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Transcription of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encoded genes and subsequent protein synthesis are tightly regulated by nuclear DNA (nDNA) encoded proteins forming the nDNA-mtDNA axis. The scale of abnormalities in this axis in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is unclear. We previously demonstrated, in a mouse DCM model with cardiac Mst1 overexpression, extensive downregulation of mitochondrial genes and mitochondrial dysfunction. Using the pre-acquired transcriptome sequencing database, we studied expression of gene sets of the nDNA-mtDNA axis. Methods: Using RNA-sequencing data from DCM hearts of mice at early and severe disease stages, transcriptome was performed for dysregulated nDNA-encoded gene sets that govern mtDNA transcription and in situ protein synthesis. To validate gene data, expression of a panel of proteins was determined by immunoblotting. Results: Relative to littermate controls, DCM hearts showed significant downregulation of all mtDNA encoded mRNAs, as well as mtDNA transcriptional activators. Downregulation was also evident for gene sets of mt-rRNA processing, aminoacyl-tRNA synthases, and mitoribosome subunits for in situ protein synthesis. Multiple downregulated genes belong to mitochondrial protein-importing machinery indicating compromised importing of proteins for mtDNA transcription and translation. Diverse changes were genes of mtRNA-binding proteins that govern maturation and stability of mtDNA-derived RNAs. Expression of mtDNA replicome genes was largely unchanged. These changes were similarly observed in mouse hearts at early and severe stages of DCM. Conclusion: Transcriptome revealed in our DCM model dysregulation of multiple gene sets of the nDNA-mtDNA axis, that is, expected to interfere with mtDNA transcription and in situ protein synthesis. Dysfunction of the nDNA-mtDNA axis might contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction and ultimately development of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Ziemann
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiu-Ling Deng
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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6
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Saul N, Dhondt I, Kuokkanen M, Perola M, Verschuuren C, Wouters B, von Chrzanowski H, De Vos WH, Temmerman L, Luyten W, Zečić A, Loier T, Schmitz-Linneweber C, Braeckman BP. Identification of healthspan-promoting genes in Caenorhabditis elegans based on a human GWAS study. Biogerontology 2022; 23:431-452. [PMID: 35748965 PMCID: PMC9388463 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-022-09969-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
To find drivers of healthy ageing, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed in healthy and unhealthy older individuals. Healthy individuals were defined as free from cardiovascular disease, stroke, heart failure, major adverse cardiovascular event, diabetes, dementia, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, rheumatism, Crohn’s disease, malabsorption or kidney disease. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with unknown function associated with ten human genes were identified as candidate healthspan markers. Thirteen homologous or closely related genes were selected in the model organism C. elegans for evaluating healthspan after targeted RNAi-mediated knockdown using pathogen resistance, muscle integrity, chemotaxis index and the activity of known longevity and stress response pathways as healthspan reporters. In addition, lifespan was monitored in the RNAi-treated nematodes. RNAi knockdown of yap-1, wwp-1, paxt-1 and several acdh genes resulted in heterogeneous phenotypes regarding muscle integrity, pathogen resistance, chemotactic behaviour, and lifespan. Based on these observations, we hypothesize that their human homologues WWC2, CDKN2AIP and ACADS may play a role in health maintenance in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Saul
- Molecular Genetics Group, Institute of Biology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ineke Dhondt
- Laboratory of Aging Physiology and Molecular Evolution, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mikko Kuokkanen
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Markus Perola
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Clara Verschuuren
- Laboratory of Aging Physiology and Molecular Evolution, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Henrik von Chrzanowski
- Molecular Genetics Group, Institute of Biology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Winnok H De Vos
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | - Aleksandra Zečić
- Laboratory of Aging Physiology and Molecular Evolution, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim Loier
- Laboratory of Aging Physiology and Molecular Evolution, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Bart P Braeckman
- Laboratory of Aging Physiology and Molecular Evolution, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Brandão SR, Ferreira R, Rocha H. Exploring the contribution of mitochondrial dynamics to multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency-related phenotype. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021; 127:210-216. [PMID: 31215835 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1628065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation disorders (FAOD) are among the diseases detected by newborn screening in most developed countries. Alterations of mitochondrial functionality are characteristic of these metabolic disorders. However, many questions remain to be clarified, namely how the interplay between the signaling pathways harbored in mitochondria contributes to the disease-related phenotype. Herein, we overview the role of mitochondria on the regulation of cell homeostasis through the production of ROS, mitophagy, apoptosis, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Emphasis is given to the signaling pathways involving MnSOD, sirtuins and PGC-1α, which seem to contribute to FAOD phenotype, namely to multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD). The association between phenotype and genotype is not straightforward, suggesting that specific molecular mechanisms may contribute to MADD pathogenesis, making MADD an interesting model to better understand this interplay. However, more work needs to be done envisioning the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia R Brandão
- Mass Spectrometry Group, QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- Mass Spectrometry Group, QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Hugo Rocha
- Newborn Screening, Metabolism and Genetics Unit, Human Genetics Department, National Institute of Health Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
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Young JK. Neurogenesis Makes a Crucial Contribution to the Neuropathology of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2020; 4:365-371. [PMID: 33163897 PMCID: PMC7592839 DOI: 10.3233/adr-200218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
One unexplained feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is that the lateral entorhinal cortex undergoes neurodegeneration before other brain areas. However, this brain region does not have elevated levels of amyloid peptides in comparison with undamaged regions. What is the cause of this special vulnerability of the entorhinal cortex? One special feature of the lateral entorhinal cortex is that it projects to newborn neurons that have undergone adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Neurogenesis is abnormal in human AD brains, and modulation of neurogenesis in experimental animals influences the course of AD. This complex process of neurogenesis may expose axon terminals originating from neurons of the entorhinal cortex to a unique combination of molecules that can enhance toxic effects of amyloid. Retrograde degeneration of neurons with axons terminating in the dentate gyrus provides a likely explanation for the spatial patterns of neuronal cell death seen in AD. Specialized astrocytes in the dentate gyrus participate in adult neurogenesis and produce fatty acid binding protein7 (FABP7). These FABP7+ cells undergo an aging-related mitochondrial pathology that likely impairs their functions. This age-related abnormality may contribute to the impairment in neurogenesis seen in aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Also, a compromised function of these astrocytes likely results in local elevations of palmitic acid, iron, copper, and glucose, which all enhance the toxicity of amyloid peptides. Treatments that modulate neurogenesis or diminish the production of these toxic substances may prove more successful than treatments that are solely aimed at reducing the amyloid burden alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Young
- Professor Emeritus, Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
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Mensch A, Zierz S. Cellular Stress in the Pathogenesis of Muscular Disorders-From Cause to Consequence. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165830. [PMID: 32823799 PMCID: PMC7461575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular stress has been considered a relevant pathogenetic factor in a variety of human diseases. Due to its primary functions by means of contractility, metabolism, and protein synthesis, the muscle cell is faced with continuous changes of cellular homeostasis that require rapid and coordinated adaptive mechanisms. Hence, a prone susceptibility to cellular stress in muscle is immanent. However, studies focusing on the cellular stress response in muscular disorders are limited. While in recent years there have been emerging indications regarding a relevant role of cellular stress in the pathophysiology of several muscular disorders, the underlying mechanisms are to a great extent incompletely understood. This review aimed to summarize the available evidence regarding a deregulation of the cellular stress response in individual muscle diseases. Potential mechanisms, as well as involved pathways are critically discussed, and respective disease models are addressed. Furthermore, relevant therapeutic approaches that aim to abrogate defects of cellular stress response in muscular disorders are outlined.
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10
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Yuan Y, Yang S, Deng D, Chen Y, Zhang C, Zhou R, Su Z. Effects of genetic variations in Acads gene on the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:1986-1996. [PMID: 32593204 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD), encoded by the Acads gene, functions in the mitochondrial β-oxidation of saturated short-chain fatty acids. SCAD deficiency results in mitochondrial dysfunction, which is one underlying biological mechanism of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis. In this case-control study, we aimed to examine the effects of Acads gene polymorphisms on the susceptibility to COPD. A total of 16 tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Acads gene region was identified and genotyped in 646 unrelated ethnic Chinese Han individuals including 279 patients with COPD and 367 healthy controls, their allelic and genotypic associations with COPD were determined by different genetic models. Furthermore, we estimated the linkage disequilibrium and haplotypes from these tested variants and determined the effects of haplotypes on the risk of COPD. The allelic and genotypic frequencies of SNPs rs2239686 and rs487915 in Acads gene were significantly different between COPD patients and controls, no statistically significant results were observed for other SNPs. Minor alleles A of rs2239686 and T of rs487915 were associated with a decreased pulmonary function and an increased COPD risk in a dominant manner. Functional analysis indicated that the risk allele A of rs2239686 could increase Acads expressions and the intracellular reactive oxygen species content. Haplotype analysis revealed that the haplotypes CTCCT in block 2 (rs3794216-rs3794215-rs34491494-rs558314-rs7312316) as well as GC in block 3 (rs2239686-rs487915) were protective against COPD, while haplotypes CTCGC in block 2 and AT in block 3 exhibited significant associations with the increased susceptibility to COPD. Our results suggest that Acads gene could potentially be a risk factor of COPD and thus its genetic variants might be as genetic biomarkers to predict the COPD susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Yuan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Deng
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yulong Chen
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Caixia Zhang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruixue Zhou
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiguang Su
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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11
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Chen D, Feng X, Lv Z, Xu X, Lu Y, Wu W, Wu H, Liu H, Cao L, Ye S, Chen J, Wu J. ACADS acts as a potential methylation biomarker associated with the proliferation and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinomas. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:8825-8844. [PMID: 31652420 PMCID: PMC6834414 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) constantly rank among the malignancies with the highest death tolls on the global scale. Moreover, HCC are associated with a limited set of therapeutic options. This is particularly true in the case of advanced stage cancers, where long-term survival is uncommon. For the inoperable, advanced HCC patients, chemotherapy is the main modality of treatment. Due to the lack of known molecular targets, the efficacy of the chemotherapy is limited. CONCLUSION These findings clearly indicate that DNA methylation plays a key role in regulating ACADS expression and that it can be a potential therapeutic target for treating HCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS A thorough comparative analysis of 282 cancer samples with 47 normal samples from GEO datasets resulted in the observation that that the level of ACADS was significantly downregulated in HCC. Loss-of-function analyses were then conducted to understand the biological function of ACADS in HCC. It was noted that ACADS was involved in the proliferation and metastasis of HCC. Experiments involving the knockdown of DMNT expression led to the discovery that the expression of ACADS in the HCC cells was significantly increased. The TCGA database was then employed to identify tumor tissue samples which showed higher methylation levels at cg01535453, cg08618068, and cg10174836 (which are the target sites of the ACADS CpG islands) as compared with normal liver tissue samples. All these findings indicated that ACADS might be a novel methylation biomarker associated with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diyu Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Immunology School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaode Feng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen Lv
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuejie Lu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenxuan Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linping Cao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sunyi Ye
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianzhong Chen
- Institute of Immunology School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
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12
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Djouadi F, Bastin J. Mitochondrial Genetic Disorders: Cell Signaling and Pharmacological Therapies. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040289. [PMID: 30925787 PMCID: PMC6523966 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and respiratory chain (RC) defects form a large group of inherited monogenic disorders sharing many common clinical and pathophysiological features, including disruption of mitochondrial bioenergetics, but also, for example, oxidative stress and accumulation of noxious metabolites. Interestingly, several transcription factors or co-activators exert transcriptional control on both FAO and RC genes, and can be activated by small molecules, opening to possibly common therapeutic approaches for FAO and RC deficiencies. Here, we review recent data on the potential of various drugs or small molecules targeting pivotal metabolic regulators: peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and protein kinase A (PKA)) or interacting with reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling, to alleviate or to correct inborn FAO or RC deficiencies in cellular or animal models. The possible molecular mechanisms involved, in particular the contribution of mitochondrial biogenesis, are discussed. Applications of these pharmacological approaches as a function of genotype/phenotype are also addressed, which clearly orient toward personalized therapy. Finally, we propose that beyond the identification of individual candidate drugs/molecules, future pharmacological approaches should consider their combination, which could produce additive or synergistic effects that may further enhance their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Djouadi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - Jean Bastin
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France.
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13
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Dai DH, Qazi IH, Ran MX, Liang K, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Zhou GB, Angel C, Zeng CJ. Exploration of miRNA and mRNA Profiles in Fresh and Frozen-Thawed Boar Sperm by Transcriptome and Small RNA Sequencing. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040802. [PMID: 30781801 PMCID: PMC6413023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to lower farrowing rate and reduced litter size with frozen-thawed semen, over 90% of artificial insemination (AI) is conducted using liquid stored boar semen. Although substantial progress has been made towards optimizing the cryopreservation protocols for boar sperm, the influencing factors and underlying mechanisms related to cryoinjury and freeze tolerance of boar sperm remain largely unknown. In this study, we report the differential expression of mRNAs and miRNAs between fresh and frozen-thawed boar sperm using high-throughput RNA sequencing. Our results showed that 567 mRNAs and 135 miRNAs were differentially expressed (DE) in fresh and frozen-thawed boar sperm. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses revealed that the majority of DE mRNAs were enriched in environmental information processing such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, PI3K-Akt signaling, cell adhesion, MAPK, and calcium signaling pathways. Moreover, the targets of DE miRNAs were enriched in significant GO terms such as cell process, protein binding, and response to stimuli. In conclusion, we speculate that DE mRNAs and miRNAs are heavily involved in boar sperm response to environment stimuli, apoptosis, and metabolic activities. The differences in expression also reflect the various structural and functional changes in sperm during cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Hui Dai
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, and Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Izhar Hyder Qazi
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, and Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy & Histology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand 67210, Pakistan.
| | - Ming-Xia Ran
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, and Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Kai Liang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, and Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, and Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Ming Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, and Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Guang-Bin Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, and Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Christiana Angel
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand 67210, Pakistan.
| | - Chang-Jun Zeng
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, and Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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14
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Talungchit S, Buajeeb W, Lerdtripop C, Surarit R, Chairatvit K, Roytrakul S, Kobayashi H, Izumi Y, Khovidhunkit SOP. Putative salivary protein biomarkers for the diagnosis of oral lichen planus: a case-control study. BMC Oral Health 2018. [PMID: 29534707 PMCID: PMC5851270 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-018-0504-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salivary protein biomarkers for screening and diagnosis of oral lichen planus (OLP) are not well-defined. The objective of this study was to identify putative protein biomarkers for OLP using proteomic approaches. METHODS Pooled unstimulated whole saliva was collected from five OLP patients and five healthy control participants. Saliva samples were then subjected to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, followed by mass spectrometry to identify putative protein biomarkers. Subsequently, a subset of these putative biomarkers were validated in 24 OLP patients and 24 age-matched healthy control subjects, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Immunoblotting analyses were then performed in 3 pairs of age- and sex-matched OLP patients and healthy controls to confirm results from the ELISA study. RESULTS Thirty-one protein spots were identified, corresponding to 20 unique proteins. Notably, fibrinogen fragment D and complement component C3c exhibited increased expression in OLP patients, while cystatin SA exhibited decreased expression in OLP patients, compared with healthy control subjects. ELISA analyses indicated increased expression of fibrinogen fragment D and complement component C3c, and decreased expression of cystatin SA, in the saliva of OLP patients. Statistical differences in the expression of salivary complement C3c were observed between OLP patients and healthy control subjects. Immunoblotting analyses confirmed the results of our ELISA study. CONCLUSION Complement C3c, fibrinogen fragment D and cystatin SA may serve as salivary biomarkers for screening and/or diagnosis of OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sineepat Talungchit
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Waranun Buajeeb
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chotima Lerdtripop
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, 6 Yodhi St., Rajthewee, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Rudee Surarit
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kongthawat Chairatvit
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Hiroaki Kobayashi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Izumi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Global Center of Excellence Program for Tooth and Bone Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Nochi Z, Olsen RKJ, Gregersen N. Short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: from gene to cell pathology and possible disease mechanisms. J Inherit Metab Dis 2017; 40:641-655. [PMID: 28516284 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-017-0047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SCADD) is an inherited disorder of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation that is characterized by the presence of increased butyrylcarnitine and ethylmalonic acid (EMA) concentrations in plasma and urine. Individuals with symptomatic SCADD may show relatively severe phenotype, while the majority of those who are diagnosed through newborn screening by tandem mass spectrometry may remain asymptomatic. As such, the associated clinical symptoms are very diverse, ranging from severe metabolic or neuromuscular disabilities to asymptomatic. Molecular analysis of affected individuals has identified rare gene variants along with two common gene variants, c.511C > T and c.625G > A. In vitro studies have demonstrated that the common variants as well as the great majority of rare variants, which are missense variants, impair folding, that may lead to toxic accumulation of the encoded protein, and/or metabolites, and initiate excessive production of ROS and chronic oxidative stress. It has been suggested that this cell toxicity in combination with yet unknown factors can trigger disease development. This association and the full implications of SCADD are not commonly appreciated. Accordingly, there is a worldwide discussion of the relationship of clinical manifestation to SCADD, and whether SCAD gene variants are disease associated at all. Therefore, SCADD is not part of the newborn screening programs in most countries, and consequently many patients with SCAD gene variants do not get a diagnosis and the possibilities to be followed up during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Nochi
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark.
| | - Rikke Katrine Jentoft Olsen
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark
| | - Niels Gregersen
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark
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16
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Tein I. Impact of fatty acid oxidation disorders in child neurology: from Reye syndrome to Pandora's box. Dev Med Child Neurol 2015; 57:304-6. [PMID: 25761966 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Tein
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Brasil S, Richard E, Jorge-Finnigan A, Leal F, Merinero B, Banerjee R, Desviat LR, Ugarte M, Pérez B. Methylmalonic aciduria cblB type: characterization of two novel mutations and mitochondrial dysfunction studies. Clin Genet 2014; 87:576-81. [PMID: 24813872 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Methylmalonic aciduria (MMA) cblB type is caused by mutations in the MMAB gene, which codes for the enzyme adenosine triphosphate (ATP): cobalamin adenosyltransferase (ATR). This study reports differences in the metabolic and disease outcomes of two pairs of siblings with MMA cblB type, respectively harbouring the novel changes p.His183Leu/p.Arg190dup (P1 and P2) and the previously described mutations p.Ile96Thr/p.Ser174fs (P3 and P4). Expression analysis showed p.His183Leu and p.Arg190dup to be destabilizing mutations. Both were associated with reduced ATR stability and a shorter half-life than wild-type ATR. Analysis of several parameters related to oxidative stress and mitochondrial function showed an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, a decrease in mitochondrial respiration and changes in mitochondria morphology and structure in patient-derived fibroblasts compared to control cells. The impairment in energy production and the presence of oxidative stress and fission of the mitochondrial reticulum suggested mitochondrial dysfunction in cblB patients' fibroblasts. The recovery of mitochondrial function should be a goal in efforts to improve the clinical outcome of MMA cblB type.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Brasil
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular-SO UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica, IDIPaz, Madrid, Spain; Metabolism & Genetics Group, Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceuticals Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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18
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Wang W, Mohsen AW, Uechi G, Schreiber E, Balasubramani M, Day B, Michael Barmada M, Vockley J. Complex changes in the liver mitochondrial proteome of short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficient mice. Mol Genet Metab 2014; 112:30-9. [PMID: 24685553 PMCID: PMC4167795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD) deficiency is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism that leads to the impaired mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation of short chain fatty acids. It is heterogeneous in clinical presentation including asymptomatic in most patients identified by newborn screening. Multiple mutations have been identified in patients; however, neither clear genotype-phenotype relationships nor a good correlation between genotype and current biochemical markers for diagnosis has been identified. The definition and pathophysiology of this deficiency remain unclear. To better understand this disorder at a global level, quantitative alterations in the mitochondrial proteome in SCAD deficient mice were examined using a combined proteomics approach: two-dimensional gel difference electrophoresis (2DIGE) followed by protein identification with MALDI-TOF/TOF and iTRAQ labeling followed by nano-LC/MALDI-TOF/TOF. We found broad mitochondrial dysfunction in SCAD deficiency. Changes in the levels of multiple energy metabolism related proteins were identified indicating that a more complex mechanism for development of symptoms may exist. Affected pathways converge on disorders with neurologic symptoms, suggesting that even asymptomatic individuals with SCAD deficiency may be at risk to develop more severe disease. Our results also identified a pattern associated with hepatotoxicity implicated in mitochondrial dysfunction, fatty acid metabolism, decrease of depolarization of mitochondria and mitochondrial membranes, and swelling of mitochondria, demonstrating that SCAD deficiency relates more directly to mitochondrial dysfunction and alteration of fatty acid metabolism. We propose several candidate molecules that may serve as markers for recognition of clinical risk associated with this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
| | - Al-Walid Mohsen
- Division of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Guy Uechi
- Genomics and Proteomics Core laboratories, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Emanuel Schreiber
- Genomics and Proteomics Core laboratories, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | | | - Billy Day
- Genomics and Proteomics Core laboratories, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - M Michael Barmada
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Jerry Vockley
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA; Division of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
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19
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Cornelius N, Corydon TJ, Gregersen N, Olsen RKJ. Cellular consequences of oxidative stress in riboflavin responsive multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenation deficiency patient fibroblasts. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:4285-301. [PMID: 24698980 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are central to the molecular pathology of many human diseases. Riboflavin responsive multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenation deficiency (RR-MADD) is in most cases caused by variations in the gene coding for electron transfer flavoprotein-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF-QO). Currently, patients with RR-MADD are treated with high doses of riboflavin resulting in improvements of the clinical and biochemical profiles. However, in our recent studies of RR-MADD, we have shown that riboflavin treatment cannot fully correct the molecular defect in patient cells producing increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the current study, we aim to elucidate the cellular consequences of increased ROS by studying the cellular ROS adaption systems including antioxidant system, mitochondrial dynamics and metabolic reprogramming. We have included fibroblasts from six unrelated RR-MADD patients and two control fibroblasts cultivated under supplemented and depleted riboflavin conditions and with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) treatment. We demonstrated inhibition of mitochondrial fusion with increased fractionation and mitophagy in the patient fibroblasts. Furthermore, we indicated a shift in the energy metabolism by decreased protein levels of SIRT3 and decreased expression of fatty acid β-oxidation enzymes in the patient fibroblasts. Finally, we showed that CoQ10 treatment has a positive effect on the mitochondrial dynamic in the patient fibroblasts, indicated by increased mitochondrial fusion marker and reduced mitophagy. In conclusion, our results indicate that RR-MADD patient fibroblasts suffer from a general mitochondria dysfunction, probably initiated as a rescue mechanism for the patient cells to escape apoptosis as a result of the oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Cornelius
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, Aarhus 8200, Denmark and
| | - Thomas J Corydon
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Niels Gregersen
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, Aarhus 8200, Denmark and
| | - Rikke K J Olsen
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, Aarhus 8200, Denmark and
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20
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Edhager AV, Stenbroen V, Nielsen NS, Bross P, Olsen RKJ, Gregersen N, Palmfeldt J. Proteomic investigation of cultivated fibroblasts from patients with mitochondrial short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Mol Genet Metab 2014; 111:360-368. [PMID: 24485985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD) deficiency is a rare inherited autosomal recessive disorder with not yet well established mechanisms of disease. In the present study, the mitochondrial proteome of five symptomatic patients homozygous for missense variations in the SCAD gene ACADS was investigated in an extensive large-scale proteomic study to map protein perturbations linked to the disease. Fibroblast cultures of patient cells homozygous for either c.319C>T/p.Arg107Cys (n=2) or c.1138C>T/p.Arg380Trp (n=3) in ACADS, and healthy controls (normal human dermal fibroblasts), were studied. The mitochondrial proteome derived from these cultures was analyzed by label free proteomics using high mass accuracy nanoliquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-MS/MS). More than 300 mitochondrial proteins were identified and quantified. Thirteen proteins had significant alteration in protein levels in patients carrying variation c.319C>T in ACADS compared to controls and they belonged to various pathways, such as the antioxidant system and amino acid metabolism. Twenty-two proteins were found significantly altered in patients carrying variation c.1138C>T which included proteins associated with fatty acid β-oxidation, amino acid metabolism and protein quality control system. Three proteins were found significantly regulated in both patient groups: adenylate kinase 4 (AK4), nucleoside diphosphate kinase A (NME1) and aldehyde dehydrogenase family 4 member A1 (ALDH4A1). Proteins AK4 and NME1 deserve further investigation because of their involvement in energy reprogramming, cell survival and proliferation with relevance for SCAD deficiency and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders V Edhager
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Stenbroen
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nadia Sukusu Nielsen
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Bross
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rikke K J Olsen
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Gregersen
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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21
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Young JK, Heinbockel T, Gondré-Lewis MC. Astrocyte fatty acid binding protein-7 is a marker for neurogenic niches in the rat hippocampus. Hippocampus 2013; 23:1476-83. [PMID: 23996503 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has determined that newborn neurons in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus of the macaque are frequently adjacent to astrocytes immunoreactive for fatty acid binding protein-7 (FABP7). To investigate if a similar relationship between FABP7-positive (FABP7+) astrocytes and proliferating cells exists in the rodent brain, sections of brains from juvenile rats were stained by immunohistochemistry to demonstrate newborn cells (antibody to Ki67 protein) and FABP7+ astrocytes. In rat brains, FABP7+ astrocytes were particularly abundant in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and were frequently close to dividing cells immunoreactive for Ki67 protein. FABP7+ astrocytes were also present in the olfactory bulbs, arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, and in the dorsal medulla subjacent to the area postrema, sites where more modest numbers of newborn neurons can also be found. These data suggest that regional accumulations of FABP7+ astrocytes may represent reservoirs of cells having the potential for neurogenesis. Because FABP7+ astrocytes are particularly abundant in the hippocampus, and since the gene for FABP7 has been linked to Alzheimer's disease, age-related changes in FABP7+ astrocytes (mitochondrial degeneration) may be relevant to age-associated disorders of the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Young
- Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W St., NW, Washington, DC
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22
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Cornelius N, Byron C, Hargreaves I, Guerra PF, Furdek AK, Land J, Radford WW, Frerman F, Corydon TJ, Gregersen N, Olsen RKJ. Secondary coenzyme Q10 deficiency and oxidative stress in cultured fibroblasts from patients with riboflavin responsive multiple Acyl-CoA dehydrogenation deficiency. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:3819-27. [PMID: 23727839 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is essential for the energy production of the cells and as an electron transporter in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. CoQ10 links the mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation to the respiratory chain by accepting electrons from electron transfer flavoprotein-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF-QO). Recently, it was shown that a group of patients with the riboflavin responsive form of multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenation deficiency (RR-MADD) carrying inherited amino acid variations in ETF-QO also had secondary CoQ10 deficiency with beneficial effects of CoQ10 treatment, thus adding RR-MADD to an increasing number of diseases involving secondary CoQ10 deficiency. In this study, we show that moderately decreased CoQ10 levels in fibroblasts from six unrelated RR-MADD patients were associated with increased levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Treatment with CoQ10, but not with riboflavin, could normalize the CoQ10 level and decrease the level of ROS in the patient cells. Additionally, riboflavin-depleted control fibroblasts showed moderate CoQ10 deficiency, but not increased mitochondrial ROS, indicating that variant ETF-QO proteins and not CoQ10 deficiency are the causes of mitochondrial ROS production in the patient cells. Accordingly, the corresponding variant Rhodobacter sphaeroides ETF-QO proteins, when overexpressed in vitro, bind a CoQ10 pseudosubstrate, Q10Br, less tightly than the wild-type ETF-QO protein, suggesting that molecular oxygen can get access to the electrons in the misfolded ETF-QO protein, thereby generating superoxide and oxidative stress, which can be reversed by CoQ10 treatment.
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23
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Olsen RKJ, Cornelius N, Gregersen N. Genetic and cellular modifiers of oxidative stress: what can we learn from fatty acid oxidation defects? Mol Genet Metab 2013; 110 Suppl:S31-9. [PMID: 24206932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During the last two decades the realization has emerged that the phenotype of the majority of inherited genetic diseases, including inborn errors of metabolism, cannot be predicted by the genotype identified in patients. This is true for PKU and in the majority of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) defects, where the genotypes identified in patients may be allocated into two groups. One comprising big deletions and small out-of-frame deletions/insertions as well as severe splice and stop codon changes, generally giving rise to no or very little protein product, and the other group, comprising small in-frame deletions/insertions and missense variations, resulting in misfolding proteins with varying stability. In all cases of FAO defects the pathophysiology may be due to energy insufficiency as well as toxic effects from accumulated enzyme substrates. In patients carrying missense variations, it may in addition be caused by the presence of misfolding proteins. A common effect of accumulated substrates and misfolding proteins is chronic oxidative stress, the severeness of which may depend on a complex interplay of modifying factors, including genetic, cellular, environmental and dietary. In this review we will discuss the hypothesis that especially the amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), created in connection with the electron transport chain (ETC), are the driving forces in the balance between cell survival and death. In young and healthy cells small amounts of ROS function as signaling molecules, activating cell protection systems, such as protein quality networks, antioxidant enzymes and metabolic shift from ATP production by the ETC to glycolysis. In the sick and old cell, containing misfolding and damaged proteins, the dynamic range of these protecting systems are narrowed, and cells develop a state of chronic stress, which easier than young and healthy cells may initiate cell death programs like apoptosis and necrosis. We will discuss a wealth of literature that support this hypothesis, which - if supported by studies - is important for new treatment strategies. We conclude that crude antioxidant treatment may not be beneficial, since it may inhibit the survival stress responses. We discuss the ongoing studies to enhance the residual activity of mild misfolding enzyme proteins by cofactor or chemical chaperones or by inducing the transcription of FAO enzyme proteins by bezafibrate with respect to misfolding/distorted conformational proteins ability to create ROS, and the need to know the exact pathophysiological mechanisms in order to suggest new treatment regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Katrine Jentoft Olsen
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, Aarhus, Denmark.
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24
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Patkar RN, Ramos-Pamplona M, Gupta AP, Fan Y, Naqvi NI. Mitochondrial β-oxidation regulates organellar integrity and is necessary for conidial germination and invasive growth inMagnaporthe oryzae. Mol Microbiol 2012; 86:1345-63. [DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh N. Patkar
- Fungal Patho-Biology Group; Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory; Singapore; 117604
| | | | - Archna P. Gupta
- School of Biological Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; 60 Nanyang Drive; Singapore; 637551
| | - Yang Fan
- Fungal Patho-Biology Group; Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory; Singapore; 117604
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25
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Gregersen N, Hansen J, Palmfeldt J. Mitochondrial proteomics--a tool for the study of metabolic disorders. J Inherit Metab Dis 2012; 35:715-26. [PMID: 22526845 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-012-9480-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are important for a number of life and death processes, such as energy production, creation of reactive oxygen species, and elicitation of stress responses. These responses range from induction of protein quality control and antioxidant systems to mitochondria elimination and cell death. Mitochondrial dysfunctions are involved in pathologies associated with many diseases, for example metabolic disorders, diabetes, cancers, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases as well as obesity and aging. Mitochondrial proteomics can be a powerful tool in the study of these diseases, especially since it can cover mitochondrial proteins from several metabolic pathways, such as the citric acid cycle, fatty acid oxidation, and respiratory chain, as well as protein networks involved in stress responses. The mitochondrial proteome can consist of more than 1,000 different proteins. However, it is difficult to define the precise number, since mitochondria are dynamic and difficult to purify, and because an unknown number of proteins possess dual or multiple localization, depending on cell type and physiological conditions. This review describes several quantitative studies of proteins from mitochondria isolated by centrifugation, separated by various methods (e.g., electrophoresis and nanoLC), and analyzed by advanced mass spectrometry. We illustrate the methods by showing that multiple pathways and networks are affected in cells from patients carrying gene variations affecting a mitochondrial protein. The study of cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with ethylmalonic aciduria associated with variations in the genes coding for short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD) or ETHE1 are two of the examples. The possibility of obtaining mitochondrial proteomics data from whole cell proteomics studies is also exemplified by the involvement of liver mitochondria in metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Gregersen
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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26
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Li Q, Zhou LY, Gao GF, Jiao JQ, Li PF. Mitochondrial network in the heart. Protein Cell 2012; 3:410-8. [PMID: 22752872 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-012-2921-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are subcellular organelles that provide energy for the cell. They form a dynamic tubular network and play an important role in maintaining the cell function and integrity. Heart is a powerful organ that supplies the motivation for circulation, thereby requiring large amounts of energy. Thus, the healthiness of cardiomyocytes and mitochondria is necessary for the normal cardiac function. Mitochondria not only lie in the center of the cell apoptotic pathway, but also are the major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Mitochondrial morphological change includes fission and fusion that are regulated by a large number of proteins. In this review we discuss the regulators of mitochondrial fission/fusion and their association with cell apoptosis, autophagy and ROS production in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Research, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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27
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Cornelius N, Frerman FE, Corydon TJ, Palmfeldt J, Bross P, Gregersen N, Olsen RKJ. Molecular mechanisms of riboflavin responsiveness in patients with ETF-QO variations and multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenation deficiency. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:3435-48. [PMID: 22611163 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Riboflavin-responsive forms of multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenation deficiency (RR-MADD) have been known for years, but with presumed defects in the formation of the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) co-factor rather than genetic defects of electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF) or electron transfer flavoprotein-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF-QO). It was only recently established that a number of RR-MADD patients carry genetic defects in ETF-QO and that the well-documented clinical efficacy of riboflavin treatment may be based on a chaperone effect that can compensate for inherited folding defects of ETF-QO. In the present study, we investigate the molecular mechanisms and the genotype-phenotype relationships for the riboflavin responsiveness in MADD, using a human HEK-293 cell expression system. We studied the influence of riboflavin and temperature on the steady-state level and the activity of variant ETF-QO proteins identified in patients with RR-MADD, or non- and partially responsive MADD. Our results showed that variant ETF-QO proteins associated with non- and partially responsive MADD caused severe misfolding of ETF-QO variant proteins when cultured in media with supplemented concentrations of riboflavin. In contrast, variant ETF-QO proteins associated with RR-MADD caused milder folding defects when cultured at the same conditions. Decreased thermal stability of the variants showed that FAD does not completely correct the structural defects induced by the variation. This may cause leakage of electrons and increased reactive oxygen species, as reflected by increased amounts of cellular peroxide production in HEK-293 cells expressing the variant ETF-QO proteins. Finally, we found indications of prolonged association of variant ETF-QO protein with the Hsp60 chaperonin in the mitochondrial matrix, supporting indications of folding defects in the variant ETF-QO proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Cornelius
- The Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark.
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28
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Rocha H, Ferreira R, Carvalho J, Vitorino R, Santa C, Lopes L, Gregersen N, Vilarinho L, Amado F. Characterization of mitochondrial proteome in a severe case of ETF-QO deficiency. J Proteomics 2011; 75:221-8. [PMID: 21596162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) is a mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation disorder caused by mutations that affect electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF) or ETF:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF-QO) or even due to unidentified disturbances of riboflavin metabolism. Besides all the available data on the molecular basis of FAO disorders, including MADD, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying clinical phenotype development, namely at the mitochondrial level, are poorly understood. In order to contribute to the elucidation of these mechanisms, we isolated mitochondria from cultured fibroblasts, from a patient with a severe MADD presentation due to ETF-QO deficiency, characterize its mitochondrial proteome and compare it with normal controls. The used approach (2-DE-MS/MS) allowed the positive identification of 287 proteins in both patient and controls, presenting 35 of the significant differences in their relative abundance. Among the differentially expressed are proteins associated to binding/folding functions, mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes as well as proteins associated to apoptotic events. The overexpression of chaperones like Hsp60 or mitochondrial Grp75, antioxidant enzymes and apoptotic proteins reflects the mitochondrial response to a complete absence of ETF-QO. Our study provides a global perspective of the mitochondrial proteome plasticity in a severe case of MADD and highlights the main molecular pathways involved in its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rocha
- I&D unit, Genetics Department, Medical Genetics Center Jacinto Magalhães of National Institute of Health Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal.
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29
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Schmidt SP, Corydon TJ, Pedersen CB, Vang S, Palmfeldt J, Stenbroen V, Wanders RJA, Ruiter JPN, Gregersen N. Toxic response caused by a misfolding variant of the mitochondrial protein short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. J Inherit Metab Dis 2011; 34:465-75. [PMID: 21170680 PMCID: PMC3063561 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-010-9255-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2010] [Revised: 11/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variations in the gene ACADS, encoding the mitochondrial protein short-chain acyl CoA-dehydrogenase (SCAD), have been observed in individuals with clinical symptoms. The phenotype of SCAD deficiency (SCADD) is very heterogeneous, ranging from asymptomatic to severe, without a clear genotype-phenotype correlation, which suggests a multifactorial disorder. The pathophysiological relevance of the genetic variations in the SCAD gene is therefore disputed, and has not yet been elucidated, which is an important step in the investigation of SCADD etiology. AIM To determine whether the disease-associated misfolding variant of SCAD protein, p.Arg107Cys, disturbs mitochondrial function. METHODS We have developed a cell model system, stably expressing either the SCAD wild-type protein or the misfolding SCAD variant protein, p.Arg107Cys (c.319 C > T). The model system was used for investigation of SCAD with respect to expression, degree of misfolding, and enzymatic SCAD activity. Furthermore, cell proliferation and expression of selected stress response genes were investigated as well as proteomic analysis of mitochondria-enriched extracts in order to study the consequences of p.Arg107Cys protein expression using a global approach. CONCLUSIONS We found that expression of the p.Arg107Cys variant SCAD protein gives rise to inactive misfolded protein species, eliciting a mild toxic response manifested though a decreased proliferation rate and oxidative stress, as shown by an increased demand for the mitochondrial antioxidant SOD2. In addition, we found markers of apoptotic activity in the p.Arg107Cys expressing cells, which points to a possible pathophysiological role of this variant protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stinne P Schmidt
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark.
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Seminotti B, Fernandes CG, Leipnitz G, Amaral AU, Zanatta A, Wajner M. Neurochemical evidence that lysine inhibits synaptic Na+,K+-ATPase activity and provokes oxidative damage in striatum of young rats in vivo. Neurochem Res 2010; 36:205-14. [PMID: 20976553 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-010-0302-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lysine (Lys) accumulation in tissues and biological fluids is the biochemical hallmark of patients affected by familial hyperlysinemia (FH) and other inherited metabolic disorders. In the present study we investigated the effects of acute administration of Lys on relevant parameters of energy metabolism and oxidative stress in striatum of young rats. We verified that Lys in vivo intrastriatal injection did not change the citric acid cycle function and creatine kinase activity, but, in contrast, significantly inhibited synaptic Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity in striatum prepared 2 and 12 h after injection. Moreover, Lys induced lipid peroxidation and diminished the concentrations of glutathione 2 h after injection. These effects were prevented by the antioxidant scavengers melatonin and the combination of α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid. Lys also inhibited glutathione peroxidase activity 12 h after injection. Therefore it is assumed that inhibition of synaptic Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and oxidative damage caused by brain Lys accumulation may possibly contribute to the neurological manifestations of FH and other neurometabolic conditions with high concentrations of this amino acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Seminotti
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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