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Arki MK, Moeinabadi-Bidgoli K, Hossein-Khannazer N, Gramignoli R, Najimi M, Vosough M. Amniotic Membrane and Its Derivatives: Novel Therapeutic Modalities in Liver Disorders. Cells 2023; 12:2114. [PMID: 37626924 PMCID: PMC10453134 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is a vital organ responsible for metabolic and digestive functions, protein synthesis, detoxification, and numerous other necessary functions. Various acute, chronic, and neoplastic disorders affect the liver and hamper its biological functions. Most of the untreated liver diseases lead to inflammation and fibrosis which develop into cirrhosis. The human amniotic membrane (hAM), the innermost layer of the fetal placenta, is composed of multiple layers that include growth-factor rich basement membrane, epithelial and mesenchymal stromal cell layers. hAM possesses distinct beneficial anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory and pro-regenerative properties via the secretion of multiple potent trophic factors and/or direct differentiation into hepatic cells which place hAM-based therapies as potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of chronic liver diseases. Decellularized hAM is also an ideal scaffold for liver tissue engineering as this biocompatible niche provides an excellent milieu for cell proliferation and hepatocytic differentiation. Therefore, the current review discusses the therapeutic potential of hAM and its derivatives in providing therapeutic solutions for liver pathologies including acute liver failure, metabolic disorders, liver fibrosis as well as its application in liver tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Kazem Arki
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1546815514, Iran;
| | - Kasra Moeinabadi-Bidgoli
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastroenterology Disorders Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1546815514, Iran;
| | - Nikoo Hossein-Khannazer
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1546815514, Iran;
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Mustapha Najimi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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Riedel RN, Pérez-Pérez A, Sánchez-Margalet V, Varone CL, Maymó JL. Human amniotic epithelial stem cells: Hepatic differentiation and regenerative properties in liver disease treatment. Placenta 2023; 134:39-47. [PMID: 36870301 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The placenta and the extraembryonic tissues represent a valuable source of cells for regenerative medicine. In particular, the amniotic membrane possesses cells with stem cells characteristics that have attracted research attention. Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) have unique and desirable features that position them over other stem cells, not only because of the unlimited potential supplied of, the easy access to placental tissues, and the minimal ethical and legal barriers associated, but also due to the embryonic stem cells markers expression and their ability to differentiate into the three germ layers. In addition, they are non-tumorigenic and have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Hepatic failure is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Organ transplantation is the best way to treat acute and chronic liver failure, but there are several associated obstacles. Stem cells have been highlighted as alternative hepatocytes source because of their potential for hepatogenic differentiation. HAECs, in particular, have some properties that make them suitable for hepatocyte differentiation. In this work, we review the general characteristics of the epithelial stem cells isolated from human amniotic membrane as well as their ability to differentiate to hepatic cells. We also revise their regenerative properties, with the focus on their potential application in the liver disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo N Riedel
- Instituto de Química Biológica (IQUIBICEN), CONICET- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón 2, 4° piso, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Antonio Pérez-Pérez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Sánchez Pizjuán 4, 41009, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Margalet
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Sánchez Pizjuán 4, 41009, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cecilia L Varone
- Instituto de Química Biológica (IQUIBICEN), CONICET- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón 2, 4° piso, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta L Maymó
- Instituto de Química Biológica (IQUIBICEN), CONICET- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón 2, 4° piso, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Campinoti S, Almeida B, Goudarzi N, Bencina S, Grundland Freile F, McQuitty C, Natarajan D, Cox IJ, Le Guennec A, Khati V, Gaudenzi G, Gramignoli R, Urbani L. Rat liver extracellular matrix and perfusion bioreactor culture promote human amnion epithelial cell differentiation towards hepatocyte-like cells. J Tissue Eng 2023; 14:20417314231219813. [PMID: 38143931 PMCID: PMC10748678 DOI: 10.1177/20417314231219813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital and chronic liver diseases have a substantial health burden worldwide. The most effective treatment available for these patients is whole organ transplantation; however, due to the severely limited supply of donor livers and the side effects associated with the immunosuppressive regimen required to accept allograft, the mortality rate in patients with end-stage liver disease is annually rising. Stem cell-based therapy aims to provide alternative treatments by either cell transplantation or bioengineered construct transplantation. Human amnion epithelial cells (AEC) are a widely available, ethically neutral source of cells with the plasticity and potential of multipotent stem cells and immunomodulatory properties of perinatal cells. AEC have been proven to be able to achieve functional improvement towards hepatocyte-like cells, capable of rescuing animals with metabolic disorders; however, they showed limited metabolic activities in vitro. Decellularised extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds have gained recognition as adjunct biological support. Decellularised scaffolds maintain native ECM components and the 3D architecture instrumental of the organ, necessary to support cells' maturation and function. We combined ECM-scaffold technology with primary human AEC, which we demonstrated being equipped with essential ECM-adhesion proteins, and evaluated the effects on AEC differentiation into functional hepatocyte-like cells (HLC). This novel approach included the use of a custom 4D bioreactor to provide constant oxygenation and media perfusion to cells in 3D cultures over time. We successfully generated HLC positive for hepatic markers such as ALB, CYP3A4 and CK18. AEC-derived HLC displayed early signs of hepatocyte phenotype, secreted albumin and urea, and expressed Phase-1 and -2 enzymes. The combination of liver-specific ECM and bioreactor provides a system able to aid differentiation into HLC, indicating that the innovative perfusion ECM-scaffold technology may support the functional improvement of multipotent and pluripotent stem cells, with important repercussions in the bioengineering of constructs for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Campinoti
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Bruna Almeida
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Negin Goudarzi
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Stefan Bencina
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Fabio Grundland Freile
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic and Medical Bioscience, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Claire McQuitty
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Dipa Natarajan
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - I Jane Cox
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Adrien Le Guennec
- Centre for Biomolecular Spectroscopy, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Vamakshi Khati
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Giulia Gaudenzi
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Luca Urbani
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
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Pozzobon M, D’Agostino S, Roubelakis MG, Cargnoni A, Gramignoli R, Wolbank S, Gindraux F, Bollini S, Kerdjoudj H, Fenelon M, Di Pietro R, Basile M, Borutinskaitė V, Piva R, Schoeberlein A, Eissner G, Giebel B, Ponsaerts P. General consensus on multimodal functions and validation analysis of perinatal derivatives for regenerative medicine applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:961987. [PMID: 36263355 PMCID: PMC9574482 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.961987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal tissues, such as placenta and umbilical cord contain a variety of somatic stem cell types, spanning from the largely used hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to the most recently described broadly multipotent epithelial and stromal cells. As perinatal derivatives (PnD), several of these cell types and related products provide an interesting regenerative potential for a variety of diseases. Within COST SPRINT Action, we continue our review series, revising and summarizing the modalities of action and proposed medical approaches using PnD products: cells, secretome, extracellular vesicles, and decellularized tissues. Focusing on the brain, bone, skeletal muscle, heart, intestinal, liver, and lung pathologies, we discuss the importance of potency testing in validating PnD therapeutics, and critically evaluate the concept of PnD application in the field of tissue regeneration. Hereby we aim to shed light on the actual therapeutic properties of PnD, with an open eye for future clinical application. This review is part of a quadrinomial series on functional/potency assays for validation of PnD, spanning biological functions, such as immunomodulation, anti-microbial/anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, wound healing, angiogenesis, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Pozzobon
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Michela Pozzobon, , ; Peter Ponsaerts,
| | - Stefania D’Agostino
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria G. Roubelakis
- Laboratory of Biology, Medical School of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Cargnoni
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Wolbank
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA Trauma Research Center, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florelle Gindraux
- Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Traumatologique et plastique, CHU Besançon, Laboratoire de Nanomédecine, Imagerie, Thérapeutique EA 4662, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Sveva Bollini
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Halima Kerdjoudj
- University of Reims Champagne Ardenne, EA 4691 BIOS “Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux”, UFR d’Odontologie, Reims, France
| | | | - Roberta Di Pietro
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, Section of Biomorphology, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mariangela Basile
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, Section of Biomorphology, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Veronika Borutinskaitė
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Roberta Piva
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Andreina Schoeberlein
- Department of Obstetrics and Feto-maternal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Guenther Eissner
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Ponsaerts
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Michela Pozzobon, , ; Peter Ponsaerts,
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Sallustio F, Picerno A, Tatullo M, Rampino A, Rengo C, Valletta A, Torretta S, Falcone RM. Toll-Like Receptors in Stem/Progenitor Cells. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 276:175-212. [PMID: 34595583 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One of the bridges that control the cross-talk between the innate and adaptive immune systems is toll-like receptors (TLRs). TLRs interact with molecules shared and maintained by the source pathogens, but also with endogenous molecules derived from injured tissues (damage/danger-associated molecular patterns - DAMPs). This is likely why some kinds of stem/progenitor cells (SCs) have been found to express TLRs. The role of TLRs in regulating basal motility, proliferation, processes of differentiation, self-renewal, and immunomodulation has been demonstrated in these cells. In this book chapter, we will discuss the many different functions assumed by the TLRs in SCs, pointing out that, depending on the context and the type of ligands they perceive, they may have different effects. In addition, the role of TLR in SC's response to specific tissue damage and in reparative processes will be addressed, as well as how the discovery of molecules mediating TLR signaling's differential function may be decisive for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Given the available studies on TLRs in SCs, the significance of TLRs in sensing an injury to stem/progenitor cells and evaluating their action and reparative activity, which depends on the circumstances, will be discussed here. It could also be possible that SCs used in therapy could theoretically be exposed to TLR ligands, which could modulate their in vivo therapeutic potential. In this context, we need to better understand the mechanisms of action of TLRs on SCs and learn how to regulate these receptors and their downstream pathways in a precise way in order to modulate SC proliferation, survival, migration, and differentiation in the pathological environment. In this way, cell therapy may be strengthened and made safer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Sallustio
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
| | - Angela Picerno
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, DETO, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Tatullo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs-University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Rampino
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Rengo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Valletta
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Torretta
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Falcone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Casiraghi F, Ordonez PYR, Azzollini N, Todeschini M, Rottoli D, Donadelli R, Gramignoli R, Benigni A, Noris M, Remuzzi G. Amnion epithelial cells are an effective source of factor H and prevent kidney complement deposition in factor H-deficient mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:332. [PMID: 34112227 PMCID: PMC8194190 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02386-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement factor H (FH) is the main plasma regulator of the alternative pathway of complement. Genetic and acquired abnormalities in FH cause uncontrolled complement activation amplifying, with the consequent accumulation of complement components on the renal glomeruli. This leads to conditions such as C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS). There is no effective therapy for these diseases. Half of the patients progress to end-stage renal disease and the condition recurs frequently in transplanted kidneys. Combined liver/kidney transplantation is a valid option for these patients, but the risks of the procedure and donor organ shortages hamper its clinical application. Therefore, there is an urgent need for alternative strategies for providing a normal FH supply. Human amnion epithelial cells (hAEC) have stem cell characteristics, including the capability to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells in vivo.Here, we administered hAEC into the livers of newborn Cfh-/- mice, which spontaneously developed glomerular complement deposition and renal lesions resembling human C3G. hAEC engrafted at low levels in the livers of Cfh-/- mice and produced sufficient human FH to prevent complement activation and glomerular C3 and C9 deposition. However, long-term engraftment was not achieved, and eventually hAEC elicited a humoral immune response in immunocompetent Cfh-/- mice.hAEC cell therapy could be a valuable therapeutic option for patients undergoing kidney transplantation in whom post-transplant immunosuppression may protect allogeneic hAEC from rejection, while allogeneic cells provide normal FH to prevent disease recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Casiraghi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via GB Camozzi 3, 24020, Ranica, Bergamo, Italy.
| | | | - Nadia Azzollini
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via GB Camozzi 3, 24020, Ranica, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Marta Todeschini
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via GB Camozzi 3, 24020, Ranica, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Daniela Rottoli
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via GB Camozzi 3, 24020, Ranica, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Roberta Donadelli
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via GB Camozzi 3, 24020, Ranica, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ariela Benigni
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via GB Camozzi 3, 24020, Ranica, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Marina Noris
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via GB Camozzi 3, 24020, Ranica, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Remuzzi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via GB Camozzi 3, 24020, Ranica, Bergamo, Italy
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Takano C, Grubbs BH, Ishige M, Ogawa E, Morioka I, Hayakawa S, Miki T. Clinical perspective on the use of human amniotic epithelial cells to treat congenital metabolic diseases with a focus on maple syrup urine disease. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:829-835. [PMID: 33547875 PMCID: PMC8133340 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital metabolic diseases are a group of hereditary disorders caused by the deficiency of a single specific enzyme activity. Without appropriate therapy, affected patients suffer severe neurologic disability and eventual death. The current mainstays of management attempt to slow disease progression, but are not curative. Several of these diseases have demonstrated significant benefits from liver transplantation; however, this approach is limited by the morbidity associated with this invasive procedure and a shortage of donor organs. Therefore, there is a need to establish a new strategy for improving the quality of a life for these patients. One potential solution is regenerative therapy using hepatocytes generated from stem cells. Herein, we discuss pertinent issues necessary for clinical application of the human amniotic epithelial cell, a type of placental stem cell. Focusing on maple syrup urine disease as an example, where liver replacement is an effective therapy, we explore this approach from a clinician's perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Takano
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and MicrobiologyNihon University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of Pediatrics and Child HealthNihon University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Brendan H. Grubbs
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKeck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mika Ishige
- Department of Pediatrics and Child HealthNihon University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Erika Ogawa
- Department of Pediatrics and Child HealthNihon University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Ichiro Morioka
- Department of Pediatrics and Child HealthNihon University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Satoshi Hayakawa
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and MicrobiologyNihon University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Toshio Miki
- Department of PhysiologyNihon University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
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Schwab RHM, Goonetilleke M, Zhu D, Kusuma GD, Wallace EM, Sievert W, Lim R. Amnion Epithelial Cells — a Therapeutic Source. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-021-00187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Liu QW, Huang QM, Wu HY, Zuo GSL, Gu HC, Deng KY, Xin HB. Characteristics and Therapeutic Potential of Human Amnion-Derived Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020970. [PMID: 33478081 PMCID: PMC7835733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and adult stem cells (ASCs) are able to repair/replace damaged or degenerative tissues and improve functional recovery in experimental model and clinical trials. However, there are still many limitations and unresolved problems regarding stem cell therapy in terms of ethical barriers, immune rejection, tumorigenicity, and cell sources. By reviewing recent literatures and our related works, human amnion-derived stem cells (hADSCs) including human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) and human amniotic epithelial stem cells (hAESCs) have shown considerable advantages over other stem cells. In this review, we first described the biological characteristics and advantages of hADSCs, especially for their high pluripotency and immunomodulatory effects. Then, we summarized the therapeutic applications and recent progresses of hADSCs in treating various diseases for preclinical research and clinical trials. In addition, the possible mechanisms and the challenges of hADSCs applications have been also discussed. Finally, we highlighted the properties of hADSCs as a promising source of stem cells for cell therapy and regenerative medicine and pointed out the perspectives for the directions of hADSCs applications clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Wen Liu
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (Q.-W.L.); (Q.-M.H.); (H.-Y.W.); (G.-S.-L.Z.); (H.-C.G.); (K.-Y.D.)
| | - Qi-Ming Huang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (Q.-W.L.); (Q.-M.H.); (H.-Y.W.); (G.-S.-L.Z.); (H.-C.G.); (K.-Y.D.)
- School of Life and Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Han-You Wu
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (Q.-W.L.); (Q.-M.H.); (H.-Y.W.); (G.-S.-L.Z.); (H.-C.G.); (K.-Y.D.)
| | - Guo-Si-Lang Zuo
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (Q.-W.L.); (Q.-M.H.); (H.-Y.W.); (G.-S.-L.Z.); (H.-C.G.); (K.-Y.D.)
| | - Hao-Cheng Gu
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (Q.-W.L.); (Q.-M.H.); (H.-Y.W.); (G.-S.-L.Z.); (H.-C.G.); (K.-Y.D.)
- School of Life and Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Ke-Yu Deng
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (Q.-W.L.); (Q.-M.H.); (H.-Y.W.); (G.-S.-L.Z.); (H.-C.G.); (K.-Y.D.)
- School of Life and Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Hong-Bo Xin
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (Q.-W.L.); (Q.-M.H.); (H.-Y.W.); (G.-S.-L.Z.); (H.-C.G.); (K.-Y.D.)
- School of Life and Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-791-8396-9015
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10
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Davidson JO, van den Heuij LG, Fraser M, Wassink G, Miller SL, Lim R, Wallace EM, Jenkin G, Gunn AJ, Bennet L. Window of opportunity for human amnion epithelial stem cells to attenuate astrogliosis after umbilical cord occlusion in preterm fetal sheep. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 10:427-440. [PMID: 33103374 PMCID: PMC7900589 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that administration of many types of stem cells, including human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs), can reduce hypoxic-ischemic injury, including in the perinatal brain. However, the therapeutic window for single dose treatment is not known. We compared the effects of early and delayed intracerebroventricular administration of hAECs in fetal sheep at 0.7 gestation on brain injury induced by 25 minutes of complete umbilical cord occlusion (UCO) or sham occlusion. Fetuses received either 1 × 106 hAECs or vehicle alone, as an infusion over 1 hour, either 2 or 24 hours after UCO. Fetuses were killed for brain histology at 7 days post-UCO. hAEC infusion at both 2 and 24 hours had dramatic anti-inflammatory and anti-gliotic effects, including significantly attenuating the increase in microglia after UCO in the white and gray matter and the number of astrocytes in the white matter. Both protocols partially improved myelination, but had no effect on total or immature/mature numbers of oligodendrocytes. Neuronal survival in the hippocampus was increased by hAEC infusion at either 2 or 24 hours, whereas only hAECs at 24 hours were associated with improved neuronal survival in the striatum and thalamus. Neither protocol improved recovery of electroencephalographic (EEG) power. These data suggest that a single infusion of hAECs is anti-inflammatory, anti-gliotic, and neuroprotective in preterm fetal sheep when given up to 24 hours after hypoxia-ischemia, but was associated with limited white matter protection after 7 days recovery and no improvement in the recovery of EEG power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne O Davidson
- Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lotte G van den Heuij
- Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mhoyra Fraser
- Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Guido Wassink
- Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Suzanne L Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Lim
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Euan M Wallace
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graham Jenkin
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alistair J Gunn
- Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Laura Bennet
- Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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11
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Brain Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Maple Syrup Urine Disease: Implications for Neurological Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207490. [PMID: 33050626 PMCID: PMC7590055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by decreased activity of the branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDC), which catalyzes the irreversible catabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). Current management of this BCAA dyshomeostasis consists of dietary restriction of BCAAs and liver transplantation, which aims to partially restore functional BCKDC activity in the periphery. These treatments improve the circulating levels of BCAAs and significantly increase survival rates in MSUD patients. However, significant cognitive and psychiatric morbidities remain. Specifically, patients are at a higher lifetime risk for cognitive impairments, mood and anxiety disorders (depression, anxiety, and panic disorder), and attention deficit disorder. Recent literature suggests that the neurological sequelae may be due to the brain-specific roles of BCAAs. This review will focus on the derangements of BCAAs observed in the brain of MSUD patients and will explore the potential mechanisms driving neurologic dysfunction. Finally, we will discuss recent evidence that implicates the relevance of BCAA metabolism in other neurological disorders. An understanding of the role of BCAAs in the central nervous system may facilitate future identification of novel therapeutic approaches in MSUD and a broad range of neurological disorders.
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12
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Morandi F, Marimpietri D, Görgens A, Gallo A, Srinivasan RC, El-Andaloussi S, Gramignoli R. Human Amnion Epithelial Cells Impair T Cell Proliferation: The Role of HLA-G and HLA-E Molecules. Cells 2020; 9:E2123. [PMID: 32961693 PMCID: PMC7563681 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunoprivilege status characteristic of human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) has been recently highlighted in the context of xenogenic transplantation. However, the mechanism(s) involved in such regulatory functions have been so far only partially been clarified. Here, we have analyzed the expression of HLA-Ib molecules in isolated hAEC obtained from full term placentae. Moreover, we asked whether these molecules are involved in the immunoregulatory functions of hAEC. Human amnion-derived cells expressed surface HLA-G and HLA-F at high levels, whereas the commonly expressed HLA-E molecule has been measured at a very low level or null on freshly isolated cells. HLA-Ib molecules can be expressed as membrane-bound and soluble forms, and in all hAEC batches analyzed we measured high levels of sHLA-G and sHLA-E when hAEC were maintained in culture, and such a release was time-dependent. Moreover, HLA-G was present in extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by hAEC. hAEC suppressed T cell proliferation in vitro at different hAEC:T cell ratios, as previously reported. Moreover, inhibition of T cell proliferation was partially reverted by pretreating hAEC with anti-HLA-G, anti-HLA-E and anti-β2 microglobulin, thus suggesting that HLA-G and -E molecules are involved in hAEC-mediated suppression of T cell proliferation. Finally, either large-size EV (lsEV) or small-size EV (ssEV) derived from hAEC significantly modulated T-cell proliferation. In conclusion, we have here characterized one of the mechanism(s) underlying immunomodulatory functions of hAEC, related to the expression and release of HLA-Ib molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Morandi
- Stem Cell Laboratory and Cell Therapy Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gaslini5, 16147 Genova, Italy;
| | - Danilo Marimpietri
- Stem Cell Laboratory and Cell Therapy Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gaslini5, 16147 Genova, Italy;
| | - Andre Görgens
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14157 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.G.); (S.E.-A.)
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Alessia Gallo
- Department of Research, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione), Via E.Tricomi 5, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Raghuraman Chittor Srinivasan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Alle 8, Huddinge SE-141 83, 14157 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Samir El-Andaloussi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14157 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.G.); (S.E.-A.)
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Alle 8, Huddinge SE-141 83, 14157 Stockholm, Sweden;
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13
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Ouyang X, You S, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Zhang G, Shao X, He F, Hu L. Transplantation of Human Amnion Epithelial Cells Improves Endometrial Regeneration in Rat Model of Intrauterine Adhesions. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:1346-1362. [PMID: 32772798 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) are characterized by the injury of endometrium due to curettage and/or endometritis. The loss of functional endometrium in uterine cavity usually results in hypomenorrhea, amenorrhea, infertility, and/or recurrent pregnancy loss. Recently, stem cell transplantation has been applied to promote the endometrial regeneration. Human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) have been shown to have stem cell characteristics. In this study, we found that PKH26-labeled hAECs were mainly distributed in the basal layer of endometrium after transplantation, and hAEC transplantation, including uterine injection and tail vein injection, could increase pregnancy rate and the number of embryos in rat model of IUAs. Moreover, hAEC transplantation was demonstrated to increase the endometrial thickness, promote the proliferation of glands and blood vessels, and decrease fibrotic areas in the endometrium. The immunohistochemical and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed the upregulated expression of growth factors, such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) after hAEC transplantation; and the downregulated expression of collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), all of which are associated with the extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition after hAEC transplantation. The mRNA sequencing indicated that platelet-derived growth factor-C (PDGF-C), thrombospondin-1 (THBS1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), Wnt5a, and Snai2 were significantly modulated in treatment groups. These results indicate that hAEC transplantation promotes endometrial regeneration and the restoration of fertility in rat model of IUAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Ouyang
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuang You
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chanyu Zhang
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Reproduction and Stem Cell Therapy Research Center of Chongqing, Chongqing, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory for Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- Chongqing Engineering Technology Research Center of Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Guolian Stem Cell Technology Co. Ltd., Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shao
- Shanghai iCELL Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Fan He
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Reproduction and Stem Cell Therapy Research Center of Chongqing, Chongqing, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory for Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Lina Hu
- The Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Reproduction and Stem Cell Therapy Research Center of Chongqing, Chongqing, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory for Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
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14
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Srinivasan RC, Strom SC, Gramignoli R. Effects of Cryogenic Storage on Human Amnion Epithelial Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071696. [PMID: 32679793 PMCID: PMC7407665 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Perinatal stem cells and epithelial cells isolated from full term amnion membrane, in particular, have attracted interest over the last decade, as a promising source of multipotent cells for cellular therapies. Human amnion epithelial cells (hAEC) have been used to treat monogenetic liver disease such as maple syrup urine disease or fibrosis of the liver in preclinical studies. In most studies xeno-transplants of hAEC were conducted without providing immunosuppression to recipients, reflecting the tolerogenic properties of hAEC. For many cell types, successful cryopreservation is critical for providing a readily available, off-the-shelf product. In this study, hAEC were isolated from full-term human placenta from 14 different donors, cryopreserved using a protocol and reagents commonly adopted for epithelial cell preservation. The cells were analyzed in terms of survival, recovery, and homogeneity, profiled for surface markers characteristic of epithelial, mesenchymal, endothelial, or hematopoietic cells. There were no significant differences observed in the percentage of cells with epithelial cell markers before and after cryopreservation. The relative proportion of stromal and hematopoietic cells was significantly reduced in hAEC preparations after cryopreservation. The expression of stem cell and immunomodulatory molecules were confirmed in the final product. Since multipotent cells are readily available from full-term placenta, this novel cell source might significantly increase the number of patients eligible to receive cellular therapies for liver and other diseases.
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15
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Deus IA, Mano JF, Custódio CA. Perinatal tissues and cells in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Acta Biomater 2020; 110:1-14. [PMID: 32418650 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal tissues are an abundant source of human extracellular matrix proteins, growth factors and stem cells with proved potential use in a wide range of therapeutic applications. Due to their placental origin, these tissues possess unique biological properties, including being angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, anti-microbial and immune privileged. Additionally, as a temporary organ, placenta is usually discarded as a medical waste, thus providing an easily available, cost effective, 'unlimited' and ethical source of raw materials. Although some of these tissues, such as the amniotic membrane and umbilical cord, have been used in clinical practices, most of them continue to be highly under explored. This review aims to outline the most relevant applications of perinatal tissues as a source of biomaterials and stem cells in the exciting fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM), as well as highlight how these solutions can be used to overcome the shortage of adequate scaffolds and cell sources that currently hampers the translation of TERM strategies towards clinical settings. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Stem cells and extracellular matrix derived from perinatal tissues such as placenta and umbilical cord, have drawn great attention for use in a wide variety of applications in the biomedical field. Due to their origin, these tissues possess unique biological properties, including being angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, anti-microbial and immune privileged. Also they are typically considered medical waste, thus providing an easily available, cost effective, 'unlimited' and ethical source of raw materials. This work aims to present and discuss the most relevant applications of perinatal tissues as a source of biomaterials and stem cells in the exciting fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM).
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16
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Nguyen MP, Jain V, Iansante V, Mitry RR, Filippi C, Dhawan A. Clinical application of hepatocyte transplantation: current status, applicability, limitations, and future outlook. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 14:185-196. [PMID: 32098516 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2020.1733975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Hepatocyte transplantation (HT) is a promising alternative to liver transplantation for the treatment of liver-based metabolic diseases and acute liver failure (ALF). However, shortage of good-quality liver tissues, early cell loss post-infusion, reduced cell engraftment and function restricts clinical application.Areas covered: A comprehensive literature search was performed to cover pre-clinical and clinical HT studies. The review discusses the latest developments to address HT limitations: cell sources from marginal/suboptimal donors to neonatal livers, differentiating pluripotent stem cells into hepatocyte-like cells, in vitro expansion, prevention of immune response to transplanted cells by encapsulation or using innate immunity-inhibiting agents, and enhancing engraftment through partial hepatectomy or irradiation.Expert opinion: To date, published data are highly encouraging specially the alginate-encapsulated hepatocyte treatment of children with ALF. Hepatocyte functions can be further improved through co-culturing with mesenchymal stromal cells. Moreover, ex-vivo genetic correction will enable the use of autologous cells in future personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Phuong Nguyen
- Dhawan Lab. at the Mowat Labs, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vandana Jain
- Dhawan Lab. at the Mowat Labs, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valeria Iansante
- Dhawan Lab. at the Mowat Labs, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ragai R Mitry
- Dhawan Lab. at the Mowat Labs, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Celine Filippi
- Dhawan Lab. at the Mowat Labs, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anil Dhawan
- Dhawan Lab. at the Mowat Labs, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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17
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Czekaj P, Król M, Limanówka Ł, Michalik M, Lorek K, Gramignoli R. Assessment of animal experimental models of toxic liver injury in the context of their potential application as preclinical models for cell therapy. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 861:172597. [PMID: 31408648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical animal models allow to study development and progression of several diseases, including liver disorders. These studies, for ethical reasons and medical limits, are impossible to carry out in human patients. At the same time, such experimental models constitute an important source of knowledge on pathomechanisms for drug- and virus-induced hepatotoxicity, both acute and chronic. Carbon tetrachloride, D-Galactosamine, and retrorsine are xenobiotics that can be used in immunocompetent animal models of hepatotoxicity, where chemical-intoxicated livers present histological features representative of human viruses-related infection. A prolonged derangement into liver architecture and functions commonly lead to cirrhosis, eventually resulting in hepatocellular carcinoma. In human, orthotopic liver transplantation commonly resolve most the problems related to cirrhosis. However, the shortage of donors does not allow all the patients in the waiting list to receive an organ on time. A promising alternative treatment for acute and chronic liver disease has been advised in liver cell transplantation, but the limited availability of hepatocytes for clinical approaches, in addition to the immunosuppressant regiment required to sustain cellular long-term engraftment have been encouraging the use of alternative cell sources. A recent effective source of stem cells have been recently identified in the human amnion membrane. Human amnion epithelial cells (hAEC) have been preclinically tested and proven sufficient to rescue immunocompetent rodents lethally intoxicated with drugs. The adoption of therapeutic procedures based on hAEC transplant in immunocompetent recipients affected by liver diseases, as well as patients with immune-related disorders, may constitute a successful new alternative therapy in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Czekaj
- Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Medyków 18 str., 40-752, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Król
- Students Scientific Society, Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Medyków 18 str., 40-752, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Limanówka
- Students Scientific Society, Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Medyków 18 str., 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marcin Michalik
- Students Scientific Society, Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Medyków 18 str., 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Lorek
- Students Scientific Society, Department of Cytophysiology, Chair of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Medyków 18 str., 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), H5, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 8, 14152, Huddinge, Sweden.
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18
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Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Actuating Stem/Progenitor Cell Repair Mechanisms: Different Functions in Different Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:6795845. [PMID: 31089331 PMCID: PMC6476106 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6795845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent one of the bridges that regulate the cross-talk between the innate and adaptive immune systems. TLRs interact with molecules shared and preserved by the pathogens of origin but also with endogenous molecules (damage/danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)) that derive from injured tissues. This is probably why TLRs have been found to be expressed on several kinds of stem/progenitor cells (SCs). In these cells, the role of TLRs in the regulation of the basal motility, proliferation, differentiation processes, self-renewal, and immunomodulation has been demonstrated. In this review, we analyze the many different functions that the TLRs assume in SCs, pointing out that they can have different effects, depending on the background and on the kind of ligands that they recognize. Moreover, we discuss the TLR involvement in the response of SC to specific tissue damage and in the reparative processes, as well as how the identification of molecules mediating the differential function of TLR signaling could be decisive for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Considering the available studies on TLRs in SCs, here we address the importance of TLRs in sensing an injury by stem/progenitor cells and in determining their behavior and reparative activity, which is dependent on the conditions. Therefore, it could be conceivable that SCs employed in therapy could be potentially exposed to TLR ligands, which might modulate their therapeutic potential in vivo. In this context, to modulate SC proliferation, survival, migration, and differentiation in the pathological environment, we need to better understand the mechanisms of action of TLRs on SCs and learn how to control these receptors and their downstream pathways in a precise way. In this manner, in the future, cell therapy could be improved and made safer.
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19
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Serra M, Marongiu M, Contini A, Miki T, Cadoni E, Laconi E, Marongiu F. Evidence of Amniotic Epithelial Cell Differentiation toward Hepatic Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells. Cell Transplant 2019; 27:23-30. [PMID: 29562778 PMCID: PMC6434484 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717727541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Amniotic epithelial cells (AECs) represent a useful and noncontroversial source for liver-based regenerative medicine, as they can differentiate into hepatocytes upon transplantation into the liver. However, the possibility that AECs can differentiate into other liver cell types, such as hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (HSECs), has never been assessed. In order to test this hypothesis, rat- and human-derived AECs (rAECs and hAECs, respectively) were subjected to endothelial cell tube formation assay in vitro. Moreover, to evaluate differentiation in vivo, the retrorsine (RS) model of liver repopulation was used. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (including RS) are known to target both hepatocytes and endothelial cells, inducing cell enlargement and inhibition of cell cycle progression. rAECs and hAECs were able to form capillary-like structures when cultured under proangiogenic conditions. For in vivo experiments, rAECs were obtained from dipeptidyl peptidase type IV (DPP-IV, CD26) donors and were transplanted into the liver of recipient CD26 negative animals pretreated with RS. rAEC-derived cells were engrafted in between hepatocytes and resembled HSECs as assessed by morphological analysis and the pattern of expression of CD26. Donor-derived CD26+ cells coexpressed HSEC markers RECA-1 and SE-1, while they lacked expression of typical hepatocyte markers (i.e., cytochrome P450, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α). As such, these results provide the first evidence that AECs can respond to proangiogenic signals in vitro and differentiate into HSECs in vivo. Furthermore, they support the conclusion that AECs possesses great plasticity and represents a promising tool in the field of regenerative medicine both in the liver and in other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Serra
- 1 Experimental Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Monica Serra and Michela Marongiu equally contributed to this work
| | - Michela Marongiu
- 1 Experimental Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Monica Serra and Michela Marongiu equally contributed to this work
| | - Antonella Contini
- 1 Experimental Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Toshio Miki
- 2 Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erika Cadoni
- 1 Experimental Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ezio Laconi
- 1 Experimental Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Fabio Marongiu
- 1 Experimental Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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20
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Clinical hepatocyte transplantation. GASTROENTEROLOGIA Y HEPATOLOGIA 2019; 42:202-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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21
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Morandi F, Horenstein AL, Quarona V, Faini AC, Castella B, Srinivasan RC, Strom SC, Malavasi F, Gramignoli R. Ectonucleotidase Expression on Human Amnion Epithelial Cells: Adenosinergic Pathways and Dichotomic Effects on Immune Effector Cell Populations. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 202:724-735. [PMID: 30587530 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the mechanism(s) underlying the immunoregulatory activities of placenta-derived human amnion epithelial cells (hAEC). The working hypothesis is that NAD+ and ATP, along with ectoenzymes involved in their metabolism, play a significant role in hAEC-mediated immune regulation. Proof of principle of the hypothesis was obtained by analyzing the interactions between hAEC and the main human leukocyte populations. The results obtained indicate that hAEC constitutively express a unique combination of functional ectoenzymes, driving the production of adenosine (ADO) via canonical (CD39, CD73) and alternative (CD38, CD203a/PC-1, CD73) pathways. Further, the picture is completed by the observation that hAEC express A1, A2a, and A2b ADO receptors as well as ADO deaminase, the enzyme involved in ADO catabolism. The contribution of the purinergic mediator to immunomodulation was confirmed by exposing in vitro different immune effector cells to the action of primary hAECs. B cells showed an enhanced proliferation and diminished spontaneous apoptosis when in contact with hAEC. T cell proliferation was partially inhibited by hAEC through ADO production, as confirmed by using specific ectoenzyme inhibitors. Further, hAEC induced an expansion of both T and B regulatory cells. Last, hAEC inhibited NK cell proliferation. However, the involvement of ADO-producing ectoenzymes is less apparent in this context. In conclusion, hAEC exert different in vitro immunoregulatory effects, per se, as a result of interactions with different populations of immune effector cells. These results support the view that hAEC are instrumental for regenerative medicine as well as in therapeutic applications for immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Morandi
- UOC Laboratorio Cellule Staminali post natali e Terapie Cellulari, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Alberto L Horenstein
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy.,Immunologia dei Trapianti, Città della Salute e della Scienza, 10126 Torino, Italy.,Centro di Ricerca in Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; and
| | - Valeria Quarona
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Angelo Corso Faini
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Barbara Castella
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Raghuraman C Srinivasan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephen C Strom
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fabio Malavasi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy.,Centro di Ricerca in Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; and
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Srinivasan RC, Kannisto K, Strom SC, Gramignoli R. Evaluation of different routes of administration and biodistribution of human amnion epithelial cells in mice. Cytotherapy 2018; 21:113-124. [PMID: 30409699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Placenta is a non-controversial and promising source of cells for the treatment of several liver diseases. We previously reported that transplanted human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells, resulting in correction of mouse models of metabolic liver disease or acute hepatic failure. As part of preclinical safety studies, we investigated the distribution of hAECs using two routes of administration to efficiently deliver hAECs to the liver. Optical imaging is commonly used because it can provide fast, high-throughput, whole-body imaging, thus DiR-labeled hAECs were injected into immunodeficient mice, via the spleen or the tail vein. The cell distribution was monitored using an in vivo imaging system over the next 24 h. After splenic injection, the DiR signal was detected in liver and spleen at 1, 3 and 24 h post-transplant. The distribution was confirmed by analysis of human DNA content at 24 h post-transplant and human-specific cytokeratin 8/18 staining. Tail vein infusion resulted in cell engraftment mainly in the lungs, with minimal detection in the liver. Delivery of cells to the portal vein, via the spleen, resulted in efficient delivery of hAECs to the liver, with minimal, off-target distribution to lungs or other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghuraman C Srinivasan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristina Kannisto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephen C Strom
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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23
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Rodriguez NS, Yanuaria L, Parducho KMR, Garcia IM, Varghese BA, Grubbs BH, Miki T. Liver-Directed Human Amniotic Epithelial Cell Transplantation Improves Systemic Disease Phenotype in Hurler Syndrome Mouse Model. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1583-1594. [PMID: 28585336 PMCID: PMC5689764 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type 1 (MPS1) is an inherited lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency in the glycosaminoglycan (GAG)‐degrading enzyme α‐l‐iduronidase (IDUA). In affected patients, the systemic accumulation of GAGs results in skeletal dysplasia, neurological degeneration, multiple organ dysfunction, and early death. Current therapies, including enzyme replacement and bone marrow transplant, improve life expectancy but the benefits to skeletal and neurological phenotypes are limited. In this study, we tested the therapeutic efficacy of liver‐directed transplantation of a placental stem cell, which possesses multilineage differentiation potential, low immunogenicity, and high lysosomal enzyme activity. Unfractionated human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) were transplanted directly into the liver of immunodeficient Idua knockout mouse neonates. The hAECs engraftment was immunohistochemically confirmed with anti‐human mitochondria staining. Enzyme activity assays indicated that hAECs transplantation restored IDUA function in the liver and significantly decreased urinary GAG excretion. Histochemical and micro‐computed tomography analyses revealed reduced GAG deposition in the phalanges joints and composition/morphology improvement of cranial and facial bones. Neurological assessment in the hAEC treated mice showed significant improvement of sensorimotor coordination in the hAEC treated mice compared to untreated mice. Results confirm that partial liver cell replacement with placental stem cells can provide long‐term (>20 weeks) and systemic restoration of enzyme function, and lead to significant phenotypic improvement in the MPS1 mouse model. This preclinical data indicate that liver‐directed placental stem cell transplantation may improve skeletal and neurological phenotypes of MPS1 patients. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:1583–1594
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa Yanuaria
- Department of SurgeryBiochemistry & Molecular Biology
| | | | | | | | - Brendan H. Grubbs
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKeck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Toshio Miki
- Department of SurgeryBiochemistry & Molecular Biology
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24
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Fanti M, Gramignoli R, Serra M, Cadoni E, Strom SC, Marongiu F. Differentiation of amniotic epithelial cells into various liver cell types and potential therapeutic applications. Placenta 2017; 59:139-145. [PMID: 28411944 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of Regenerative Medicine is to replace or regenerate human cells, tissues or organs in order to restore normal function. Among all organs, the liver is endowed with remarkable regenerative capacity. Nonetheless, there are conditions in which this ability is impaired, and the use of isolated cells, including stem cells, is being considered as a possible therapeutic tool for the management of chronic hepatic disease. Placenta holds great promise for the field of regenerative medicine. It has long been used for the treatment of skin lesions and in ophthalmology, due to its ability to modulate inflammation and promote healing. More recently, cells isolated from the amniotic membrane are being considered as a possible resource for tissue regeneration, including in the context liver disease. Two cell types can be easily isolated from human amnion: epithelial cells (hAEC) and mesenchymal stromal cells (hAMSC). However only the first cell population has been demonstrated to be a possible source of proficient hepatic cells. This review will summarize current knowledge on the differentiation of hAEC into liver cells and their potential therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Fanti
- University of Cagliari, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Experimental Medicine, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Monica Serra
- University of Cagliari, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Experimental Medicine, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Erika Cadoni
- University of Cagliari, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Experimental Medicine, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stephen C Strom
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fabio Marongiu
- University of Cagliari, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Experimental Medicine, Cagliari, Italy.
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25
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Strom SC, Gramignoli R. Human amnion epithelial cells expressing HLA-G as novel cell-based treatment for liver disease. Hum Immunol 2016; 77:734-9. [PMID: 27476049 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite routine liver transplantation and supporting medical therapies, thousands of patients currently wait for an organ and there is an unmet need for more refined and widely available regenerative strategies to treat liver diseases. Cell transplants attempt to maximize the potential for repair and/or regeneration in liver and other organs. Over 40years of laboratory pre-clinical research and 25years of clinical procedures have shown that certain liver diseases can be treated by the infusion of isolated cells (hepatocyte transplant). However, like organ transplants, hepatocyte transplant suffers from a paucity of tissues useful for cell production. Alternative sources have been investigated, yet with limited success. The tumorigenic potential of pluripotent stem cells together with their primitive level of hepatic differentiation, have limited the use of stem cell populations. Stem cell sources from human placenta, and the amnion tissue in particular are receiving renewed interest in the field of regenerative medicine. Unlike pluripotent stem cells, human amnion epithelial (AE) cells are easily available without ethical or religious concerns; they do not express telomerase and are not immortal or tumorigenic when transplanted. In addition, AE cells have been reported to express genes normally expressed in mature liver, when transplanted into the liver. Moreover, because of the possibility of an immune-privileged status related to their expression of HLA-G, it might be possible to transplant human AE cells without immunosuppression of the recipient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Strom
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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26
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Therapeutic Use of Human Amnion-Derived Products: Cell-Based Therapy for Liver Disease. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-016-0112-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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27
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Gramignoli R, Srinivasan RC, Kannisto K, Strom SC. Isolation of Human Amnion Epithelial Cells According to Current Good Manufacturing Procedures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 37:1E.10.1-1E.10.13. [DOI: 10.1002/cpsc.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Gramignoli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Raghuraman C. Srinivasan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Kristina Kannisto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Stephen C. Strom
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
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28
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Miki T. A Rational Strategy for the Use of Amniotic Epithelial Stem Cell Therapy for Liver Diseases. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:405-9. [PMID: 26941361 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Stem cell-based therapies hold the potential to alleviate the burden of many serious diseases, including those of the liver. Among the different types of stem cells, human placenta-derived stem cells are potentially one of the most clinically applicable stem cells because of their tissue-specific advantages. They are a readily available cell source that can be procured in a noninvasive manner, and there are few ethical concerns regarding their use. Recent studies have demonstrated that the amniotic epithelium contains stem cells that possess four unique and advantageous properties; human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) have low immunogenicity, secrete several immune regulatory molecules, possess the potential to differentiate into all three germ layers, and contain abundant lysosomes allowing them to secrete lysosomal enzymes. This perspective article provides an overview of the beneficial properties of hAECs and proposes a rational strategy for translating placental stem cells toward clinical application for various liver diseases. SIGNIFICANCE This article provides an overview of the beneficial properties of one type of human placental stem cell and proposes a rational strategy for translating placental stem cells toward clinical application for various liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Miki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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29
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Marongiu M, Serra MP, Contini A, Sini M, Strom SC, Laconi E, Marongiu F. Rat-derived amniotic epithelial cells differentiate into mature hepatocytes in vivo with no evidence of cell fusion. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1429-35. [PMID: 25647334 PMCID: PMC4486142 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Amniotic epithelial cells (AEC) derived from human placenta represent a useful and noncontroversial source for liver-based regenerative medicine. Previous studies suggested that human- and rat-derived AEC differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells upon transplantation. In the retrorsine (RS) model of liver repopulation, clusters of donor-derived cells engrafted in the recipient liver and, importantly, showed characteristics of mature hepatocytes. The aim of the current study was to investigate the possible involvement of cell fusion in the emergence of hepatocyte clusters displaying a donor-specific phenotype. To this end, 4-week-old GFP(+)/DPP-IV(-) rats were treated with RS and then transplanted with undifferentiated AEC isolated from the placenta of DPP-IV(+) pregnant rats at 16-19 days of gestational age. Results indicated that clusters of donor-derived cells were dipeptidyl peptidase type IV (DPP-IV) positive, but did not express the green fluorescent protein (GFP), suggesting that rat amniotic epithelial cells (rAEC) did not fuse within the host parenchyma, as no colocalization of the two tags was observed. Moreover, rAEC-derived clusters expressed markers of mature hepatocytes (eg, albumin, cytochrome P450), but were negative for the expression of biliary/progenitor markers (eg, epithelial cell adhesion molecule [EpCAM]) and did not express the marker of preneoplastic hepatic nodules glutathione S-transferase P (GST-P). These results extend our previous findings on the potential of AEC to differentiate into mature hepatocytes and suggest that this process can occur in the absence of cell fusion with host-derived cells. These studies support the hypothesis that amnion-derived epithelial cells can be an effective cell source for the correction of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Marongiu
- 1Experimental Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Serra
- 1Experimental Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonella Contini
- 1Experimental Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marcella Sini
- 1Experimental Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stephen C Strom
- 2Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ezio Laconi
- 1Experimental Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Fabio Marongiu
- 1Experimental Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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30
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Gramignoli R, Vosough M, Kannisto K, Srinivasan RC, Strom SC. Clinical Hepatocyte Transplantation: Practical Limits and Possible Solutions. Eur Surg Res 2015; 54:162-77. [DOI: 10.1159/000369552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the first human hepatocyte transplants (HTx) in 1992, clinical studies have clearly established proof of principle for this therapy as a treatment for patients with acquired or inherited liver disease. Although major accomplishments have been made, there are still some specific limitations to this technology, which, if overcome, could greatly enhance the efficacy and implementation of this therapy. Here, we describe what in our view are the most significant obstacles to the clinical application of HTx and review the solutions currently proposed. The obstacles of significance include the limited number and quality of liver tissues as a cell source, the lack of clinical grade reagents, quality control evaluation of hepatocytes prior to transplantation, hypothermic storage of cells prior to transplantation, preconditioning treatments to enhance engraftment and proliferation of donor cells, tracking or monitoring cells after transplantation, and the optimal immunosuppression protocols for transplant recipients.
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31
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Strom SC, Skvorak K, Gramignoli R, Marongiu F, Miki T. Translation of amnion stem cells to the clinic. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 22 Suppl 1:96-102. [PMID: 24304085 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular therapy for liver disease has been available in the clinic for more than 20 years, yet remarkably few patients receive this experimental therapy. Reasons for the small number of transplants performed are partially related to access to useful liver tissue and the difficulty with the isolation of viable cells. Stem cell sources of hepatocytes could theoretically relieve these obstacles to therapy if large numbers of functional hepatocytes could be generated and transplanted without risk of tumorigenicity. To date, there are no reports of stem cell sources with all of these characteristics, despite claims otherwise. Here we report the results of preclinical studies with appropriate animals models of metabolic liver disease and acute liver failure, and their correction by the transplantation of human amnion epithelial stem cells. The encouraging results of the preclinical studies have motivated the movement of isolation and banking of these cells to good manufacturing practice conditions so that the cells can be used in the clinic for transplantation of patients with liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Strom
- 1 Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute , Stockholm, Sweden
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32
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Vogel KR, Arning E, Wasek BL, McPherson S, Bottiglieri T, Gibson KM. Brain-blood amino acid correlates following protein restriction in murine maple syrup urine disease. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2014; 9:73. [PMID: 24886632 PMCID: PMC4022424 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-9-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Conventional therapy for patients with maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) entails restriction of protein intake to maintain acceptable levels of the branched chain amino acid, leucine (LEU), monitored in blood. However, no data exists on the correlation between brain and blood LEU with protein restriction, and whether correction in blood is reflected in brain. Methods To address this question, we fed intermediate MSUD mice diets of 19% (standard) and 6% protein, with collection of sera (SE), striata (STR), cerebellum (CE) and cortex (CTX) for quantitative amino acid analyses. Results LEU and valine (VAL) levels in all brain regions improved on average 28% when shifting from 19% to 6% protein, whereas the same improvements in SE were on average 60%. Isoleucine (ILE) in brain regions did not improve, while the SE level improved 24% with low-protein consumption. Blood-branched chain amino acids (LEU, ILE, and VAL in sera (SE)) were 362-434 μM, consistent with human values considered within control. Nonetheless, numerous amino acids in brain regions remained abnormal despite protein restriction, including glutamine (GLN), aspartate (ASP), glutamate (GLU), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), asparagine (ASN), citrulline (CIT) and serine (SER). To assess the specificity of these anomalies, we piloted preliminary studies in hyperphenylalaninemic mice, modeling another large neutral aminoacidopathy. Employing an identical dietary regimen, we found remarkably consistent abnormalities in GLN, ASP, and GLU. Conclusions Our results suggest that blood amino acid analysis may be a poor surrogate for assessing the outcomes of protein restriction in the large neutral amino acidopathies, and further indicate that chronic neurotransmitter disruptions (GLU, GABA, ASP) may contribute to long-term neurocognitive dysfunction in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - K Michael Gibson
- Experimental and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, 412 E, Spokane Falls Blvd,, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences Building, Room 347, P,O, Box 1495, 99210-1495 Spokane, WA, USA.
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33
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Burrage LC, Nagamani SCS, Campeau PM, Lee BH. Branched-chain amino acid metabolism: from rare Mendelian diseases to more common disorders. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:R1-8. [PMID: 24651065 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism plays a central role in the pathophysiology of both rare inborn errors of metabolism and the more common multifactorial diseases. Although deficiency of the branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDC) and associated elevations in the BCAAs and their ketoacids have been recognized as the cause of maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) for decades, treatment options for this disorder have been limited to dietary interventions. In recent years, the discovery of improved leucine tolerance after liver transplantation has resulted in a new therapeutic strategy for this disorder. Likewise, targeting the regulation of the BCKDC activity may be an alternative potential treatment strategy for MSUD. The regulation of the BCKDC by the branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase has also been implicated in a new inborn error of metabolism characterized by autism, intellectual disability and seizures. Finally, there is a growing body of literature implicating BCAA metabolism in more common disorders such as the metabolic syndrome, cancer and hepatic disease. This review surveys the knowledge acquired on the topic over the past 50 years and focuses on recent developments in the field of BCAA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay C Burrage
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sandesh C S Nagamani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Brendan H Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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34
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Vogel KR, Kennedy AA, Whitehouse LA, Gibson KM. Therapeutic hepatocyte transplant for inherited metabolic disorders: functional considerations, recent outcomes and future prospects. J Inherit Metab Dis 2014; 37:165-76. [PMID: 24085555 PMCID: PMC3975709 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-013-9656-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The applications, outcomes and future strategies of hepatocyte transplantation (HTx) as a corrective intervention for inherited metabolic disease (IMD) are described. An overview of HTx in IMDs, as well as preclinical evaluations in rodent and other mammalian models, is summarized. Current treatments for IMDs are highlighted, along with short- and long-term outcomes and the potential for HTx to supplement or supplant these treatments. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of HTx are presented, highlighted by long-term challenges with interorgan engraftment and expansion of transplanted cells, in addition to the future prospects of stem cell transplants. At present, the utility of HTx is represented by the potential to bridge patients with life-threatening liver disease to organ transplantation, especially as an adjuvant intervention where severe organ shortages continue to pose challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara R Vogel
- Section of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, SAC 525M, P.O. Box 1495, Spokane, WA, 99210-1495, USA
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35
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Vaghjiani V, Vaithilingam V, Saraswati I, Sali A, Murthi P, Kalionis B, Tuch BE, Manuelpillai U. Hepatocyte-like cells derived from human amniotic epithelial cells can be encapsulated without loss of viability or function in vitro. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:866-76. [PMID: 24295364 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Placenta derived human amniotic epithelial cells (hAEC) are an attractive source of stem cells for the generation of hepatocyte-like cells (HLC) for therapeutic applications to treat liver diseases. During hAEC differentiation into HLC, they become increasingly immunogenic, which may result in immune cell-mediated rejection upon transplantation into allogeneic recipients. Placing cells within devices such as alginate microcapsules can prevent immune cell-mediated rejection. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of HLC generated from hAEC and to examine the effects of encapsulation on HLC viability, gene expression, and function. hAEC were differentiated for 4 weeks and evaluated for hepatocyte-specific gene expression and function. Differentiated cells were encapsulated in barium alginate microcapsules and cultured for 7 days and the effect of encapsulation on cell viability, function, and hepatocyte related gene expression was determined. Differentiated cells performed key functions of hepatocytes including urea synthesis, drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A4 activity, indocyanine green (ICG) uptake, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake, and exhibited glutathione antioxidant capacity. A number of hepatocyte-related genes involved in fat, cholesterol, bile acid synthesis, and xenobiotic metabolism were also expressed showing that the hAEC had differentiated into HLC. Upon encapsulation, the HLC remained viable for at least 7 days in culture, continued to express genes involved in fat, cholesterol, bile acid, and xenobiotic metabolism and had glutathione antioxidant capacity. CYP3A4 activity and urea synthesis by the encapsulated HLC were higher than that of monolayer HLC cultures. Functional HLC can be derived from hAEC, and HLC can be encapsulated within alginate microcapsules without losing viability or function in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijesh Vaghjiani
- 1 Centre for Genetic Diseases, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Vogel KR, Arning E, Wasek BL, Bottiglieri T, Gibson KM. Characterization of 2-(methylamino)alkanoic acid capacity to restrict blood-brain phenylalanine transport in Pah enu2 mice: preliminary findings. Mol Genet Metab 2013; 110 Suppl:S71-8. [PMID: 23999161 PMCID: PMC4077276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our laboratory seeks a pharmacotherapeutic intervention for PKU that utilizes non-physiological amino acids (NPAAs) to block the accumulation of phenylalanine (Phe) in the brain. In previous studies (Vogel et al. 2013), methylation of the amino group of 2-aminoisobutyrate (AIB) provided an enhanced degree of selectivity for Phe restriction into the brain of Pah(enu2) mice in comparison to unmethylated AIB, leading to the hypothesis that 2-(methylamino)alkanoic acid analogs of AIB might represent targeted inhibitors of Phe accretion into the brain. METHODS Pah(enu2) and control mice were intraperitoneally administered (500-750 mg/kg body weight, once daily; standard 19% protein diet) AIB, methyl AIB (MAIB), isovaline, and two MAIB analogs, 2-methyl-2-(methylamino)butanoic (MeVal) and 3-methyl-2-(methylamino)pentanoic (MePent) acids for one week, followed by brain and blood isolation for amino acid analyses using UPLC. RESULTS In the brain, AIB significantly reduced Phe accretion in Pah(enu2) mice, while MeVal significantly improved glutamine and aspartic acids. Four of five test compounds improved brain threonine and arginine levels. AIB, MAIB and IsoVal significantly reduced blood Phe, with no effect of any drug intervention on other sera amino acids. CONCLUSIONS Further evaluation of AIB and the 2-(methylamino)alkanoic acids as inhibitors of brain Phe accumulation in Pah(enu2) mice is warranted, with more detailed evaluations of route of administration, combinatorial intervention, and detailed toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara R. Vogel
- Section of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Erland Arning
- Institute for Metabolic Disease, Baylor Research Institute and Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Brandi L. Wasek
- Institute for Metabolic Disease, Baylor Research Institute and Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Teodoro Bottiglieri
- Institute for Metabolic Disease, Baylor Research Institute and Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - K. Michael Gibson
- Section of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
- Corresponding author at: Section of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, SAC 525M, P.O. Box 1495, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd, Spokane, WA 99210-1495, USA. Fax: +1 509 358 6673. (K.M. Gibson)
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