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Eshaq AM, Flanagan TW, Hassan SY, Al Asheikh SA, Al-Amoudi WA, Santourlidis S, Hassan SL, Alamodi MO, Bendhack ML, Alamodi MO, Haikel Y, Megahed M, Hassan M. Non-Receptor Tyrosine Kinases: Their Structure and Mechanistic Role in Tumor Progression and Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2754. [PMID: 39123481 PMCID: PMC11311543 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16152754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) function as key molecules in the signaling pathways in addition to their impact as a therapeutic target for the treatment of many human diseases, including cancer. PTKs are characterized by their ability to phosphorylate serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues and can thereby rapidly and reversibly alter the function of their protein substrates in the form of significant changes in protein confirmation and affinity for their interaction with protein partners to drive cellular functions under normal and pathological conditions. PTKs are classified into two groups: one of which represents tyrosine kinases, while the other one includes the members of the serine/threonine kinases. The group of tyrosine kinases is subdivided into subgroups: one of them includes the member of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), while the other subgroup includes the member of non-receptor tyrosine kinases (NRTKs). Both these kinase groups function as an "on" or "off" switch in many cellular functions. NRTKs are enzymes which are overexpressed and activated in many cancer types and regulate variable cellular functions in response to extracellular signaling-dependent mechanisms. NRTK-mediated different cellular functions are regulated by kinase-dependent and kinase-independent mechanisms either in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus. Thus, targeting NRTKs is of great interest to improve the treatment strategy of different tumor types. This review deals with the structure and mechanistic role of NRTKs in tumor progression and resistance and their importance as therapeutic targets in tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz M. Eshaq
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.A.); (W.A.A.-A.); (M.O.A.); (M.O.A.)
| | - Thomas W. Flanagan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Sofie-Yasmin Hassan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;
| | - Sara A. Al Asheikh
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.A.); (W.A.A.-A.); (M.O.A.); (M.O.A.)
| | - Waleed A. Al-Amoudi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.A.); (W.A.A.-A.); (M.O.A.); (M.O.A.)
| | - Simeon Santourlidis
- Institute of Cell Therapeutics and Diagnostics, University Medical Center of Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;
| | - Sarah-Lilly Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;
| | - Maryam O. Alamodi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.A.); (W.A.A.-A.); (M.O.A.); (M.O.A.)
| | - Marcelo L. Bendhack
- Department of Urology, Red Cross University Hospital, Positivo University, Rua Mauá 1111, Curitiba 80030-200, Brazil;
| | - Mohammed O. Alamodi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.A.); (W.A.A.-A.); (M.O.A.); (M.O.A.)
| | - Youssef Haikel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental Faculty, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaire, Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mossad Megahed
- Clinic of Dermatology, University Hospital of Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Mohamed Hassan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental Faculty, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Research Laboratory of Surgery-Oncology, Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Zhang S, Chen Y, Chen Q, Chen H, Wei L, Wang S. Assessment of cerebrovascular alterations induced by inflammatory response and oxidative-nitrative stress after traumatic intracranial hypertension and a potential mitigation strategy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14535. [PMID: 38914585 PMCID: PMC11196732 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64940-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid perfusion of cerebral arteries leads to a significant increase in intracranial blood volume, exposing patients with traumatic brain injury to the risk of diffuse brain swelling or malignant brain herniation during decompressive craniectomy. The microcirculation and venous system are also involved in this process, but the precise mechanisms remain unclear. A physiological model of extremely high intracranial pressure was created in rats. This development triggered the TNF-α/NF-κB/iNOS axis in microglia, and released many inflammatory factors and reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species, generating an excessive amount of peroxynitrite. Subsequently, the capillary wall cells especially pericytes exhibited severe degeneration and injury, the blood-brain barrier was disrupted, and a large number of blood cells were deposited within the microcirculation, resulting in a significant delay in the recovery of the microcirculation and venous blood flow compared to arterial flow, and this still persisted after decompressive craniectomy. Infliximab is a monoclonal antibody bound to TNF-α that effectively reduces the activity of TNF-α/NF-κB/iNOS axis. Treatment with Infliximab resulted in downregulation of inflammatory and oxidative-nitrative stress related factors, attenuation of capillary wall cells injury, and relative reduction of capillary hemostasis. These improved the delay in recovery of microcirculation and venous blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangming Zhang
- Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, 900th Hospital, Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Yehuang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, 900th Hospital, Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Qizuan Chen
- Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, 900th Hospital, Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Hongjie Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, 900th Hospital, Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Liangfeng Wei
- Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, 900th Hospital, Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, 350025, China.
| | - Shousen Wang
- Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, 900th Hospital, Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, 350025, China.
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3
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Ji XT, Yu WL, Jin MJ, Lu LJ, Yin HP, Wang HH. Possible Role of Cellular Polyamine Metabolism in Neuronal Apoptosis. Curr Med Sci 2024; 44:281-290. [PMID: 38453792 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-024-2843-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that cellular levels of polyamines (PAs) are significantly altered in neurodegenerative diseases. Evidence from in vivo animal and in vitro cell experiments suggests that the cellular levels of various PAs may play important roles in the central nervous system through the regulation of oxidative stress, mitochondrial metabolism, cellular immunity, and ion channel functions. Dysfunction of PA metabolism related enzymes also contributes to neuronal injury and cognitive impairment in many neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, in the current work, evidence was collected to determine the possible associations between cellular levels of PAs, and related enzymes and the development of several neurodegenerative diseases, which could provide a new idea for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Tong Ji
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Wen-Lei Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Department of Stomatology, Huzhou Wuxing District People's Hospital, Huzhou Wuxing District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Huzhou, 313008, China
| | - Meng-Jia Jin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Lin-Jie Lu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Department of Stomatology, Haining Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing, 314400, China
| | - Hong-Ping Yin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Huan-Huan Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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Boland R, Kokiko-Cochran ON. Deplete and repeat: microglial CSF1R inhibition and traumatic brain injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1352790. [PMID: 38450286 PMCID: PMC10915023 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1352790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a public health burden affecting millions of people. Sustained neuroinflammation after TBI is often associated with poor outcome. As a result, increased attention has been placed on the role of immune cells in post-injury recovery. Microglia are highly dynamic after TBI and play a key role in the post-injury neuroinflammatory response. Therefore, microglia represent a malleable post-injury target that could substantially influence long-term outcome after TBI. This review highlights the cell specific role of microglia in TBI pathophysiology. Microglia have been manipulated via genetic deletion, drug inhibition, and pharmacological depletion in various pre-clinical TBI models. Notably, colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) and its receptor (CSF1R) have gained much traction in recent years as a pharmacological target on microglia. CSF1R is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor that is essential for microglia proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Small molecule inhibitors targeting CSF1R result in a swift and effective depletion of microglia in rodents. Moreover, discontinuation of the inhibitors is sufficient for microglia repopulation. Attention is placed on summarizing studies that incorporate CSF1R inhibition of microglia. Indeed, microglia depletion affects multiple aspects of TBI pathophysiology, including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and functional recovery with measurable influence on astrocytes, peripheral immune cells, and neurons. Taken together, the data highlight an important role for microglia in sustaining neuroinflammation and increasing risk of oxidative stress, which lends to neuronal damage and behavioral deficits chronically after TBI. Ultimately, the insights gained from CSF1R depletion of microglia are critical for understanding the temporospatial role that microglia develop in mediating TBI pathophysiology and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Boland
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Chronic Brain Injury Program, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Olga N Kokiko-Cochran
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Chronic Brain Injury Program, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Zheng Y, Zhao F, Hu Y, Yan F, Tian Y, Wang R, Huang Y, Zhong L, Luo Y, Ma Q. LC-MS/MS metabolomic profiling of the protective butylphthalide effect in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion mice. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2023; 32:107347. [PMID: 37716103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was designed to investigate metabolic biomarker changes and related metabolic pathways of Butylphthalide (NBP) on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. METHODS In this study, a mouse cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model was prepared using the middle cerebral artery occlusion method, and neurobehavioral score and 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining experiments were used to confirm the obvious NBP anti-cerebral ischemia effect. The protective effect of NBP in the mouse cerebral I/R model and its metabolic pathway and mechanism were investigated using mouse blood samples. RESULTS The metabolic profiles of mice in the I/R+NBP, I/R, and sham groups were significantly different. Under the condition that I/R vs. sham was downregulated and I/R + NBP vs. I/R was upregulated, 88 differential metabolites, including estradiol, ubiquinone-2, 2-oxoarginine, and L-histidine trimethylbetaine, were screened and identified. The related metabolic pathways involved arginine and proline metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, ubiquitin and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis, and estrogen signaling. CONCLUSIONS Metabolomics was used to elucidate the NBP mechanism in cerebral ischemia treatment in mice, revealing synergistic NBP pharmacological characteristics with multiple targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangmin Zheng
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Zhao
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Tian
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongliang Wang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyou Huang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liyuan Zhong
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yumin Luo
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Qingfeng Ma
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
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Wang S, Zou X, Wang L, Zhou H, Wu L, Zhang Y, Yao TX, Chen L, Li Y, Zeng Y, Zhang L. Potential preventive markers in the intracerebral hemorrhage process are revealed by serum untargeted metabolomics in mice using hypertensive cerebral microbleeds. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1084858. [PMID: 37152968 PMCID: PMC10159181 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1084858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive cerebral microbleeds (HCMB) may be the early stage of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH), which is a serious threat to health due to its high mortality and disability rates. The early clinical symptoms of HCMB may not be significant. Moreover, it is difficult to achieve early diagnosis and intervention for targeted prevention of HICH. Although hypertension (HTN) is a predisposition for HCMB, it remains unclear whether there is any difference between hypertensive patients with or without HCMB. Therefore, we carried out liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to analyze early biomarkers for HCMB in mice with hypertension and to lay the foundation for early prevention of HICH in hypertensive patients. In total, 18 C57 male mice were randomly divided into the HCMB (n = 6), HTN (n = 6), and control groups (CON, n = 6). Hematoxylin-eosin and diaminobenzidine staining were used to assess the reliability of the model. The metabolite expression level and sample category stability were tested using the displacement test of orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Significant differences in metabolites were screened out using variable importance in the projection (VIP > 1), which were determined using the OPLS-DA model and the P-value of the t-test (P < 0.05) combined with the nonparametric rank-sum test. With an area under the curve (AUC) > 0.85 and a P-value of 0.05, the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to further screen the distinct metabolites of HCMB. Compared with the HTN and CON groups, the HCMB group had significantly higher blood pressure and lower average body weight (P < 0.05). Through untargeted LC-MS analysis, 93 distinct metabolites were identified in the HCMB (P < 0.05, VIP > 1) group. Among these potential biomarkers, six significantly decreased and eight significantly increased differential metabolites were found. Meanwhile, we found that the HCMB group had statistically distinct arginine and purine metabolism pathways (P < 0.05), and citrulline may be the most significant possible biomarker of HCMB (AUC > 0.85, P < 0.05). All of these potential biomarkers may serve as early biomarkers for HICH in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuelun Zou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Leiyun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan First Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huifang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lianxu Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yupeng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tian-Xing Yao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi- Zeng
- Department of Geriatrics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Multi-Modal Monitoring Technology for Severe Cerebrovascular Disease of Human Engineering Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Mader MMD, Czorlich P. The role of L-arginine metabolism in neurocritical care patients. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:1446-1453. [PMID: 34916417 PMCID: PMC8771107 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.327331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide is an important mediator of vascular autoregulation and is involved in pathophysiological changes after acute neurological disorders. Nitric oxide is generated by nitric oxide synthases from the amino acid L-arginine. L-arginine can also serve as a substrate for arginases or lead to the generation of dimethylarginines, asymmetric dimethylarginine, and symmetric dimethylarginine, by methylation. Asymmetric dimethylarginine is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase and can lead to endothelial dysfunction. This review discusses the role of L-arginine metabolism in patients suffering from acute and critical neurological disorders often requiring neuro-intensive care treatment. Conditions addressed in this review include intracerebral hemorrhage, aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, and traumatic brain injury. Recent therapeutic advances in the field are described including current randomized controlled trials for traumatic brain injuries and hemorrhagic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Marc-Daniel Mader
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Czorlich
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Fouda AY, Eldahshan W, Xu Z, Lemtalsi T, Shosha E, Zaidi SA, Abdelrahman AA, Cheng PNM, Narayanan SP, Caldwell RW, Caldwell RB. Preclinical investigation of Pegylated arginase 1 as a treatment for retina and brain injury. Exp Neurol 2022; 348:113923. [PMID: 34780773 PMCID: PMC9122100 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Arginase 1 (A1) is the enzyme that hydrolyzes the amino acid, L-arginine, to ornithine and urea. We have previously shown that A1 deletion worsens retinal ischemic injury, suggesting a protective role of A1. In this translational study, we aimed to study the utility of systemic pegylated A1 (PEG-A1, recombinant human arginase linked to polyethylene glycol) treatment in mouse models of acute retinal and brain injury. Cohorts of WT mice were subjected to retinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) or brain cerebral ischemia via middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and treated with intraperitoneal injections of PEG-A1 or vehicle (PEG only). Drug penetration into retina and brain tissues was measured by western blotting and immunolabeling for PEG. Neuroprotection was measured in a blinded fashion by quantitation of NeuN (neuronal marker) immunolabeling of retina flat-mounts and brain infarct area using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Furthermore, ex vivo retina explants and in vitro retina neuron cultures were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) followed by reoxygenation (R) and treated with PEG-A1. PEG-A1 given systemically did not cross the intact blood-retina/brain barriers in sham controls but reached the retina and brain after injury. PEG-A1 provided neuroprotection after retinal IR injury, TON and cerebral ischemia. PEG-A1 treatment was also neuroprotective in retina explants subjected to OGD/R but did not improve survival in retinal neuronal cultures exposed to OGD/R. In summary, systemic PEG-A1 administration is neuroprotective and provides an excellent route to deliver the drug to the retina and the brain after acute injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman Y Fouda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Wael Eldahshan
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Zhimin Xu
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Tahira Lemtalsi
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Esraa Shosha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Syed Ah Zaidi
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ammar A Abdelrahman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Paul Ning-Man Cheng
- Bio-cancer Treatment International, 511-513, Bioinformatics Building, Hong Kong Science Park, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China
| | - S Priya Narayanan
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - R William Caldwell
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ruth B Caldwell
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.
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9
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IGF1 Gene Therapy Reversed Cognitive Deficits and Restored Hippocampal Alterations After Chronic Spinal Cord Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:6186-6202. [PMID: 34463925 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02545-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus is implicated in the generation of memory and learning, processes which involve extensive neuroplasticity. The generation of hippocampal adult-born neurons is particularly regulated by glial cells of the neurogenic niche and the surrounding microenvironment. Interestingly, recent evidence has shown that spinal cord injury (SCI) in rodents leads to hippocampal neuroinflammation, neurogenesis reduction, and cognitive impairments. In this scenario, the aim of this work was to evaluate whether an adenoviral vector expressing IGF1 could reverse hippocampal alterations and cognitive deficits after chronic SCI. SCI caused neurogenesis reduction and impairments of both recognition and working memories. We also found that SCI increased the number of hypertrophic arginase-1 negative microglia concomitant with the decrease of the number of ramified surveillance microglia in the hilus, molecular layer, and subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus. RAd-IGF1 treatment restored neurogenesis and improved recognition and working memory impairments. In addition, RAd-IGF1 gene therapy modulated differentially hippocampal regions. In the hilus and molecular layer, IGF1 gene therapy recovered the number of surveillance microglia coincident with a reduction of hypertrophic microglia cell number. However, in the neurogenic niche, IGF1 reduced the number of ramified microglia and increased the number of hypertrophic microglia, which as a whole expressed arginase-1. In summary, RAd-IGF1 gene therapy might surge as a new therapeutic strategy for patients with hippocampal microglial alterations and cognitive deficits such as those with spinal cord injury and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Mader MM, Böger R, Appel D, Schwedhelm E, Haddad M, Mohme M, Lamszus K, Westphal M, Czorlich P, Hannemann J. Intrathecal and systemic alterations of L-arginine metabolism in patients after intracerebral hemorrhage. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:1964-1977. [PMID: 33461409 PMCID: PMC8327100 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20983216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) and L-arginine metabolites have been associated with the pathophysiology of different vascular diseases. Here, we describe striking changes in L-arginine metabolism after hemorrhagic stroke. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and/or intraventricular hemorrhage were collected over a ten-day period. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify key substrates and products of L-arginine metabolizing enzymes as well as asymmetric (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA). Changes in the plasma were limited to early reductions in L-ornithine, L-lysine, and L-citrulline concentrations. Intrathecally, we observed signs of early NO synthase (NOS) upregulation followed by a decrease back to baseline accompanied by a rise in the level of its endogenous NOS-inhibitor ADMA. SDMA demonstrated increased levels throughout the observation period. For arginase, a pattern of persistently elevated activity was measured and arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) appeared to be reduced in its activity at later time points. An early reduction in CSF L-arginine concentration was an independent risk factor for poor outcome. Together, these findings further elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms after ICH potentially involved in secondary brain injury and may reveal novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius M Mader
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rainer Böger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Appel
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Munif Haddad
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Mohme
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Lamszus
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Westphal
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Czorlich
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Juliane Hannemann
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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11
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Tinkov AA, Paoliello MMB, Mazilina AN, Skalny AV, Martins AC, Voskresenskaya ON, Aaseth J, Santamaria A, Notova SV, Tsatsakis A, Lee E, Bowman AB, Aschner M. Molecular Targets of Manganese-Induced Neurotoxicity: A Five-Year Update. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4646. [PMID: 33925013 PMCID: PMC8124173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding of the immediate mechanisms of Mn-induced neurotoxicity is rapidly evolving. We seek to provide a summary of recent findings in the field, with an emphasis to clarify existing gaps and future research directions. We provide, here, a brief review of pertinent discoveries related to Mn-induced neurotoxicity research from the last five years. Significant progress was achieved in understanding the role of Mn transporters, such as SLC39A14, SLC39A8, and SLC30A10, in the regulation of systemic and brain manganese handling. Genetic analysis identified multiple metabolic pathways that could be considered as Mn neurotoxicity targets, including oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, neuroinflammation, cell signaling pathways, and interference with neurotransmitter metabolism, to name a few. Recent findings have also demonstrated the impact of Mn exposure on transcriptional regulation of these pathways. There is a significant role of autophagy as a protective mechanism against cytotoxic Mn neurotoxicity, yet also a role for Mn to induce autophagic flux itself and autophagic dysfunction under conditions of decreased Mn bioavailability. This ambivalent role may be at the crossroad of mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis. Yet very recent evidence suggests Mn can have toxic impacts below the no observed adverse effect of Mn-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. The impact of Mn exposure on supramolecular complexes SNARE and NLRP3 inflammasome greatly contributes to Mn-induced synaptic dysfunction and neuroinflammation, respectively. The aforementioned effects might be at least partially mediated by the impact of Mn on α-synuclein accumulation. In addition to Mn-induced synaptic dysfunction, impaired neurotransmission is shown to be mediated by the effects of Mn on neurotransmitter systems and their complex interplay. Although multiple novel mechanisms have been highlighted, additional studies are required to identify the critical targets of Mn-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A. Tinkov
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, 150003 Yaroslavl, Russia;
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, Department of Neurological Diseases and Neurosurgery, Department of Analytical and Forensic Toxicology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; (O.N.V.); (J.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Monica M. B. Paoliello
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (M.M.B.P.); (A.C.M.)
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR 86038-350, Brazil
| | - Aksana N. Mazilina
- Department of Medical Elementology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anatoly V. Skalny
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Medical Elementology, KG Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management, 109004 Moscow, Russia
| | - Airton C. Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (M.M.B.P.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Olga N. Voskresenskaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, Department of Neurological Diseases and Neurosurgery, Department of Analytical and Forensic Toxicology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; (O.N.V.); (J.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Jan Aaseth
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, Department of Neurological Diseases and Neurosurgery, Department of Analytical and Forensic Toxicology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; (O.N.V.); (J.A.); (A.T.)
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 104, 2381 Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Abel Santamaria
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, SSA, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | - Svetlana V. Notova
- Institute of Bioelementology, Orenburg State University, 460018 Orenburg, Russia;
- Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agro-technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 460000 Orenburg, Russia
| | - Aristides Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, Department of Neurological Diseases and Neurosurgery, Department of Analytical and Forensic Toxicology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; (O.N.V.); (J.A.); (A.T.)
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 700 13 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eunsook Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA;
| | - Aaron B. Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA;
| | - Michael Aschner
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, Department of Neurological Diseases and Neurosurgery, Department of Analytical and Forensic Toxicology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; (O.N.V.); (J.A.); (A.T.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (M.M.B.P.); (A.C.M.)
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12
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Carmen-Orozco RP, Dávila-Villacorta DG, Delgado-Kamiche AD, Celiz RH, Trompeter G, Sutherland G, Gavídia C, Garcia HH, Gilman RH, Verástegui MR. Changes in inflammatory gene expression in brain tissue adjacent and distant to a viable cyst in a rat model for neurocysticercosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009295. [PMID: 33905419 PMCID: PMC8104410 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The parasite Taenia solium causes neurocysticercosis (NCC) in humans and is a common cause of adult-onset epilepsy in the developing world. Hippocampal atrophy, which occurs far from the cyst, is an emerging new complication of NCC. Evaluation of molecular pathways in brain regions close to and distant from the cyst could offer insight into this pathology. METHODS Rats were inoculated intracranially with T. solium oncospheres. After 4 months, RNA was extracted from brain tissue samples in rats with NCC and uninfected controls, and cDNA was generated. Expression of 38 genes related to different molecular pathways involved in the inflammatory response and healing was assessed by RT-PCR array. RESULTS Inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-1, together with TGF-β and ARG-1, were overexpressed in tissue close to the parasite compared to non-infected tissue. Genes for IL-1A, CSF-1, FN-1, COL-3A1, and MMP-2 were overexpressed in contralateral tissue compared to non-infected tissue. CONCLUSIONS The viable cysticerci in the rat model for NCC is characterized by increased expression of genes associated with a proinflammatory response and fibrosis-related proteins, which may mediate the chronic state of infection. These pathways appear to influence regions far from the cyst, which may explain the emerging association between NCC and hippocampal atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogger P. Carmen-Orozco
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory Research-LID, Faculty of Science and Philosophy, Alberto Cazorla Talleri, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Danitza G. Dávila-Villacorta
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory Research-LID, Faculty of Science and Philosophy, Alberto Cazorla Talleri, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Ana D. Delgado-Kamiche
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory Research-LID, Faculty of Science and Philosophy, Alberto Cazorla Talleri, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Rensson H. Celiz
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory Research-LID, Faculty of Science and Philosophy, Alberto Cazorla Talleri, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Grace Trompeter
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Graham Sutherland
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Cesar Gavídia
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
| | - Hector H. Garcia
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory Research-LID, Faculty of Science and Philosophy, Alberto Cazorla Talleri, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
- Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima, Perú
| | - Robert H. Gilman
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory Research-LID, Faculty of Science and Philosophy, Alberto Cazorla Talleri, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Lima, Perú
| | - Manuela R. Verástegui
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory Research-LID, Faculty of Science and Philosophy, Alberto Cazorla Talleri, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
- * E-mail:
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13
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Polis B, Karasik D, Samson AO. Alzheimer's disease as a chronic maladaptive polyamine stress response. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:10770-10795. [PMID: 33811757 PMCID: PMC8064158 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polyamines are nitrogen-rich polycationic ubiquitous bioactive molecules with diverse evolutionary-conserved functions. Their activity interferes with numerous genes' expression resulting in cell proliferation and signaling modulation. The intracellular levels of polyamines are precisely controlled by an evolutionary-conserved machinery. Their transient synthesis is induced by heat stress, radiation, and other traumatic stimuli in a process termed the polyamine stress response (PSR). Notably, polyamine levels decline gradually with age; and external supplementation improves lifespan in model organisms. This corresponds to cytoprotective and reactive oxygen species scavenging properties of polyamines. Paradoxically, age-associated neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by upsurge in polyamines levels, indicating polyamine pleiotropic, adaptive, and pathogenic roles. Specifically, arginase overactivation and arginine brain deprivation have been shown to play an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Here, we assert that a universal short-term PSR associated with acute stimuli is beneficial for survival. However, it becomes detrimental and maladaptive following chronic noxious stimuli, especially in an aging organism. Furthermore, we regard cellular senescence as an adaptive response to stress and suggest that PSR plays a central role in age-related neurodegenerative diseases' pathogenesis. Our perspective on AD proposes an inclusive reassessment of the causal relationships between the classical hallmarks and clinical manifestation. Consequently, we offer a novel treatment strategy predicated upon this view and suggest fine-tuning of arginase activity with natural inhibitors to preclude or halt the development of AD-related dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baruh Polis
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
| | - David Karasik
- Hebrew SeniorLife, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Boston, MA 02131, USA
- Musculoskeletal Genetics Laboratory, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
| | - Abraham O. Samson
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
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14
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Ahras-Sifi N, Laraba-Djebari F. Immunomodulatory and protective effects of interleukin-4 on the neuropathological alterations induced by a potassium channel blocker. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 355:577549. [PMID: 33839521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of neurological diseases related to potassium-channel dysfunction such as epilepsy is increasingly linked to immune system modulation. However, there are limited reports of which interleukin-4 (IL-4) can act on the neuroinflammatory response after seizure. Hence, we evaluated the effect of IL-4 in murine model of neuroexcitotoxcity using kaliotoxin (KTx), a potassium-channel blocker. Results showed that IL-4 treatment can significantly reduce the neuronal death induced by KTx. Probably by decreasing mitochondria swelling, reversing oxidative damage and enhancing Bcl-2 expression. Furthermore, IL-4 treatment significantly reduced TNF-α expression and enhanced GFAP and IL-10 expressions in the brain. IL-4 can be neuroprotective in epileptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Ahras-Sifi
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, BP32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111 Algiers, Algeria
| | - Fatima Laraba-Djebari
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, BP32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111 Algiers, Algeria.
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15
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Li T, Hu E, Li P, Yang Z, Wu Y, Ding R, Zhu X, Tang T, Wang Y. Metabolomics Deciphers Potential Targets of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction Against Traumatic Brain Injury in Rat. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:559618. [PMID: 33101022 PMCID: PMC7546399 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.559618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Xuefu Zhuyu decoction (XFZYD) performs multiple functions for traumatic brain injury (TBI) treatment. However, its clinical application is limited by the incomplete exploration of targets and inadequate discussion of mechanisms. We aimed to investigate the metabolic alterations of XFZYD in acute and chronic stages of TBI. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the sham, controlled cortical impact (CCI) and XFZYD group. Behavioral and histopathological tests were used to evaluate the neuroprotective effects. Coagulation assays were performed to assess safety. Moreover, we analyzed the metabolomic profiling of hippocampal samples with different time intervals after CCI by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Differential metabolites were screened by multivariate data analysis. To further uncover the association between candidate metabolites and biological interaction networks, we applied bioinformatics analysis using MetaboAnalyst 4.0, STITCH 5.0 and TCMSP. The potential mechanism was verified by ELISA and Western blot. XFZYD ameliorated neurological deficiencies post-CCI without impairing blood coagulation in the rat’s model. Seventeen and fourteen metabolites were filtered on d 3 and 21, respectively. Eleven of potential metabolites were common at these time points, involving two significant pathways (arginine and proline metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis). Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the related pathways were specifically affected by XFZYD at the acute phase of TBI, while biosynthesis of amino acids was the major pathway influenced at the chronic phase. This study provides broad insights into the therapeutic effects of XFZYD in treating TBI through the whole phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - En Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyu Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yao Wu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruoqi Ding
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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16
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Liang Y, Yi P, Ru W, Jie Z, Wang H, Ghanayem T, Wang X, Alamer E, Liu J, Hu H, Soong L, Cai J, Sun J. IL-22 hinders antiviral T cell responses and exacerbates ZIKV encephalitis in immunocompetent neonatal mice. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:249. [PMID: 32843067 PMCID: PMC7448338 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01928-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak that occurred in multiple countries was linked to increased risk of nervous system injuries and congenital defects. However, host immunity- and immune-mediated pathogenesis in ZIKV infection are not well understood. Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a crucial cytokine for regulating host immunity in infectious diseases. Whether IL-22 plays, a role in ZIKV infection is unknown. METHODS The cellular source of IL-22 was identified in IFNAR-/- mice and wild-type (WT) neonatal mice during ZIKV infection. To determine the role of IL-22, we challenged 1-day-old WT and IL-22-/- mice with ZIKV and monitored clinical manifestations. Glial cell activation in the brain was assessed by confocal imaging. ZIKV-specific CD8+ T cell responses in both the spleen and brain were analyzed by flow cytometry. In addition, glial cells were cultured in vitro and infected with ZIKV in the presence of IL-22, followed by the evaluation of cell proliferation, cytokine expression, and viral loads. RESULTS We found that γδ T cells were the main source of IL-22 during ZIKV infection in both the spleen and brain. WT mice began to exhibit weight loss, staggered steps, bilateral hind limb paralysis, and weakness at 10 days post-infection (dpi) and ultimately succumbed to infection at 16-19 dpi. IL-22 deficiency lessened weight loss, moderated the systemic inflammatory response, and greatly improved clinical signs of neurological disease and mortality. ZIKV infection also induced the activation of microglia and astrocytes in vitro. Additional analysis demonstrated that the absence of IL-22 resulted in reduced activation of microglia and astrocytes in the cortex. Although IL-22 displayed a negligible effect on glial cells in vitro, IL-22-/- mice mounted more vigorous ZIKV-specific CD8+ T cell responses, which led to a more effective control of ZIKV in the brain. CONCLUSIONS Our data revealed a pathogenic role of IL-22 in ZIKV encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejin Liang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Panpan Yi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis of Hunan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenjuan Ru
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Zuliang Jie
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Tamer Ghanayem
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis of Hunan, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Edrous Alamer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jinjun Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Haitao Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, USA
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Lynn Soong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jiyang Cai
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jiaren Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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17
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Fouda AY, Eldahshan W, Narayanan SP, Caldwell RW, Caldwell RB. Arginase Pathway in Acute Retina and Brain Injury: Therapeutic Opportunities and Unexplored Avenues. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:277. [PMID: 32256357 PMCID: PMC7090321 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic retinopathies represent a major cause of visual impairment and blindness. They include diabetic retinopathy (DR), acute glaucoma, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and central (or branch) retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). These conditions share in common a period of ischemia or reduced blood supply to the retinal tissue that eventually leads to neuronal degeneration. Similarly, acute brain injury from ischemia or trauma leads to neurodegeneration and can have devastating consequences in patients with stroke or traumatic brain injury (TBI). In all of these conditions, current treatment strategies are limited by their lack of effectiveness, adverse effects or short time window for administration. Therefore, there is a great need to identify new therapies for acute central nervous system (CNS) injury. In this brief review article, we focus on the pathway of the arginase enzyme as a novel therapeutic target for acute CNS injury. We review the recent work on the role of arginase enzyme and its downstream components in neuroprotection in both retina and brain acute injury models. Delineating the similarities and differences between the role of arginase in the retina and brain neurodegeneration will allow for better understanding of the role of arginase in CNS disorders. This will also facilitate repurposing the arginase pathway as a new therapeutic target in both retina and brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman Y Fouda
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States.,Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wael Eldahshan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - S Priya Narayanan
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States.,Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - R William Caldwell
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Ruth B Caldwell
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States.,Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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