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Interdonato L, Himmelreich N, Garbade SF, Wen D, Morath M, Di Paola R, Calabrese V, Thiel C, Peters V. Assessing carnosinase 1 activity for diagnosing congenital disorders of glycosylation. Mol Genet Metab 2024; 143:108571. [PMID: 39226631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2024.108571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Diagnosing Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) is challenging due to clinical heterogeneity and the limited sensitivity of the classic serum transferrin isoelectric focusing (IEF) or capillary zone electrophoresis test. This study investigates the potential of using the glycoprotein carnosinase 1 (CN1) activity as a diagnostic marker for CDG patients. CN1 activity was measured photometrically in serum from 81 genetically confirmed CDG patients and healthy individuals. While the IEF transferrin method detected 77 patients, four remained undetected. In healthy individuals, serum CN1 activity ranged from 0.1 to 6.4 μmol/ml/h depending on age, with mean CN1 activities up to four-fold higher than in CDG patients. CDG patients´ CN1 activities never exceeded 2,04 μmol/ml/h. Using the 25th percentile to differentiate between groups, the test performance varied by age. For children over 10 years old, the sensitivity and specificity were 96 % and 83 %, respectively. For those under 10, sensitivity and specificity dropped to 71 % and to 64 %. However, CN1 activity successfully identified three of four patients with normal IEF patterns. Although mean CN1 activity in CDG patients is significantly lower than in healthy controls, the test's reliability for classic CDG diagnosis is limited, as the diagnosis is usually made at a young age. Nevertheless, it is a simple, cost-effective assay that can complement classic tests, especially in settings with limited access to complex methods or for patients with normal transferrin patterns but suspicious for CDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Interdonato
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department I, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; University of Messina, Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, Messina, Italy
| | - Nastassja Himmelreich
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department I, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven F Garbade
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department I, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dan Wen
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department I, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marina Morath
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department I, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- University of Messina, Department of Veterinary Science, Messina, Italy
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Christian Thiel
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department I, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena Peters
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department I, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Zemet R, Hope KD, Edmondson AC, Shah R, Patino M, Yesso AM, Berger JH, Sarafoglou K, Larson A, Lam C, Morava E, Scaglia F. Cardiomyopathy, an uncommon phenotype of congenital disorders of glycosylation: Recommendations for baseline screening and follow-up evaluation. Mol Genet Metab 2024; 142:108513. [PMID: 38917675 PMCID: PMC11296892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2024.108513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a continuously expanding group of monogenic disorders that disrupt glycoprotein and glycolipid biosynthesis, leading to multi-systemic manifestations. These disorders are categorized into various groups depending on which part of the glycosylation process is impaired. The cardiac manifestations in CDG can significantly differ, not only across different types but also among individuals with the same genetic cause of CDG. Cardiomyopathy is an important phenotype in CDG. The clinical manifestations and progression of cardiomyopathy in CDG patients have not been well characterized. This study aims to delineate common patterns of cardiomyopathy across a range of genetic causes of CDG and to propose baseline screening and follow-up evaluation for this patient population. METHODS Patients with molecular confirmation of CDG who were enrolled in the prospective or memorial arms of the Frontiers in Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation Consortium (FCDGC) natural history study were ascertained for the presence of cardiomyopathy based on a retrospective review of their medical records. All patients were evaluated by clinical geneticists who are members of FCDGC at their respective academic centers. Patients were screened for cardiomyopathy, and detailed data were retrospectively collected. We analyzed their clinical and molecular history, imaging characteristics of cardiac involvement, type of cardiomyopathy, age at initial presentation of cardiomyopathy, additional cardiac features, the treatments administered, and their clinical outcomes. RESULTS Of the 305 patients with molecularly confirmed CDG participating in the FCDGC natural history study as of June 2023, 17 individuals, nine females and eight males, were identified with concurrent diagnoses of cardiomyopathy. Most of these patients were diagnosed with PMM2-CDG (n = 10). However, cardiomyopathy was also observed in other diagnoses, including PGM1-CDG (n = 3), ALG3-CDG (n = 1), DPM1-CDG (n = 1), DPAGT1-CDG (n = 1), and SSR4-CDG (n = 1). All PMM2-CDG patients were reported to have hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Dilated cardiomyopathy was observed in three patients, two with PGM1-CDG and one with ALG3-CDG; left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy was diagnosed in two patients, one with PGM1-CDG and one with DPAGT1-CDG; two patients, one with DPM1-CDG and one with SSR4-CDG, were diagnosed with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. The estimated median age of diagnosis for cardiomyopathy was 5 months (range: prenatal-27 years). Cardiac improvement was observed in three patients with PMM2-CDG. Five patients showed a progressive course of cardiomyopathy, while the condition remained unchanged in eight individuals. Six patients demonstrated pericardial effusion, with three patients exhibiting cardiac tamponade. One patient with SSR4-CDG has been recently diagnosed with cardiomyopathy; thus, the progression of the disease is yet to be determined. One patient with PGM1-CDG underwent cardiac transplantation. Seven patients were deceased, including five with PMM2-CDG, one with DPAGT1-CDG, and one with ALG3-CDG. Two patients died of cardiac tamponade from pericardial effusion; for the remaining patients, cardiomyopathy was not necessarily the primary cause of death. CONCLUSIONS In this retrospective study, cardiomyopathy was identified in ∼6% of patients with CDG. Notably, the majority, including all those with PMM2-CDG, exhibited hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Some cases did not show progression, yet pericardial effusions were commonly observed, especially in PMM2-CDG patients, occasionally escalating to life-threatening cardiac tamponade. It is recommended that clinicians managing CDG patients, particularly those with PMM2-CDG and PGM1-CDG, be vigilant of the cardiomyopathy risk and risk for potentially life-threatening pericardial effusions. Cardiac surveillance, including an echocardiogram and EKG, should be conducted at the time of diagnosis, annually throughout the first 5 years, followed by check-ups every 2-3 years if no concerns arise until adulthood. Subsequently, routine cardiac examinations every five years are advisable. Additionally, patients with diagnosed cardiomyopathy should receive ongoing cardiac care to ensure the effective management and monitoring of their condition. A prospective study will be required to determine the true prevalence of cardiomyopathy in CDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Zemet
- Dept of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kyle D Hope
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Lillie Frank Abercrombie Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew C Edmondson
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rameen Shah
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Maria Patino
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Abigail M Yesso
- Dept of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Lillie Frank Abercrombie Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Justin H Berger
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kyriakie Sarafoglou
- Divisions of Endocrinology, and Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Austin Larson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Christina Lam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA; Norcliffe Foundation Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eva Morava
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Fernando Scaglia
- Dept of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Raynor A, Haouari W, Lebredonchel E, Foulquier F, Fenaille F, Bruneel A. Biochemical diagnosis of congenital disorders of glycosylation. Adv Clin Chem 2024; 120:1-43. [PMID: 38762238 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are one of the fastest growing groups of inborn errors of metabolism, comprising over 160 described diseases to this day. CDG are characterized by a dysfunctional glycosylation process, with molecular defects localized in the cytosol, the endoplasmic reticulum, or the Golgi apparatus. Depending on the CDG, N-glycosylation, O-glycosylation and/or glycosaminoglycan synthesis can be affected. Various proteins, lipids, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors bear glycan chains, with potential impacts on their folding, targeting, secretion, stability, and thus, functionality. Therefore, glycosylation defects can have diverse and serious clinical consequences. CDG patients often present with a non-specific, multisystemic syndrome including neurological involvement, growth delay, hepatopathy and coagulopathy. As CDG are rare diseases, and typically lack distinctive clinical signs, biochemical and genetic testing bear particularly important and complementary diagnostic roles. Here, after a brief introduction on glycosylation and CDG, we review historical and recent findings on CDG biomarkers and associated analytical techniques, with a particular emphasis on those with relevant use in the specialized clinical chemistry laboratory. We provide the reader with insights and methods which may help them properly assist the clinician in navigating the maze of glycosylation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Raynor
- AP-HP, Biochimie Métabolique et Cellulaire, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Walid Haouari
- INSERM UMR1193, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | | | - François Foulquier
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - François Fenaille
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, MetaboHUB, Gif sur Yvette, France.
| | - Arnaud Bruneel
- AP-HP, Biochimie Métabolique et Cellulaire, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; INSERM UMR1193, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.
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Garapati K, Budhraja R, Saraswat M, Kim J, Joshi N, Sachdeva GS, Jain A, Ligezka AN, Radenkovic S, Ramarajan MG, Udainiya S, Raymond K, He M, Lam C, Larson A, Edmondson AC, Sarafoglou K, Larson NB, Freeze HH, Schultz MJ, Kozicz T, Morava E, Pandey A. A complement C4-derived glycopeptide is a biomarker for PMM2-CDG. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e172509. [PMID: 38587076 PMCID: PMC7615924 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDDiagnosis of PMM2-CDG, the most common congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG), relies on measuring carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) and genetic testing. CDT tests have false negatives and may normalize with age. Site-specific changes in protein N-glycosylation have not been reported in sera in PMM2-CDG.METHODSUsing multistep mass spectrometry-based N-glycoproteomics, we analyzed sera from 72 individuals to discover and validate glycopeptide alterations. We performed comprehensive tandem mass tag-based discovery experiments in well-characterized patients and controls. Next, we developed a method for rapid profiling of additional samples. Finally, targeted mass spectrometry was used for validation in an independent set of samples in a blinded fashion.RESULTSOf the 3,342 N-glycopeptides identified, patients exhibited decrease in complex-type N-glycans and increase in truncated, mannose-rich, and hybrid species. We identified a glycopeptide from complement C4 carrying the glycan Man5GlcNAc2, which was not detected in controls, in 5 patients with normal CDT results, including 1 after liver transplant and 2 with a known genetic variant associated with mild disease, indicating greater sensitivity than CDT. It was detected by targeted analysis in 2 individuals with variants of uncertain significance in PMM2.CONCLUSIONComplement C4-derived Man5GlcNAc2 glycopeptide could be a biomarker for accurate diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of patients with PMM2-CDG and other CDGs.FUNDINGU54NS115198 (Frontiers in Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation: NINDS; NCATS; Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD; Rare Disorders Consortium Disease Network); K08NS118119 (NINDS); Minnesota Partnership for Biotechnology and Medical Genomics; Rocket Fund; R01DK099551 (NIDDK); Mayo Clinic DERIVE Office; Mayo Clinic Center for Biomedical Discovery; IA/CRC/20/1/600002 (Center for Rare Disease Diagnosis, Research and Training; DBT/Wellcome Trust India Alliance).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Garapati
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Rohit Budhraja
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mayank Saraswat
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jinyong Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Neha Joshi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Gunveen S. Sachdeva
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Anu Jain
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | - Madan Gopal Ramarajan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Savita Udainiya
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Kimiyo Raymond
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Miao He
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christina Lam
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Andrew C. Edmondson
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kyriakie Sarafoglou
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota School of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nicholas B. Larson
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hudson H. Freeze
- Sanford Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Matthew J. Schultz
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tamas Kozicz
- Department of Clinical Genomics and
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Genomics and Genetic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eva Morava
- Department of Clinical Genomics and
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Genomics and Genetic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Pascoal C, Francisco R, Mexia P, Pereira BL, Granjo P, Coelho H, Barbosa M, dos Reis Ferreira V, Videira PA. Revisiting the immunopathology of congenital disorders of glycosylation: an updated review. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1350101. [PMID: 38550576 PMCID: PMC10972870 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1350101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is a critical post-translational modification that plays a pivotal role in several biological processes, such as the immune response. Alterations in glycosylation can modulate the course of various pathologies, such as the case of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), a group of more than 160 rare and complex genetic diseases. Although the link between glycosylation and immune dysfunction has already been recognized, the immune involvement in most CDG remains largely unexplored and poorly understood. In this study, we provide an update on the immune dysfunction and clinical manifestations of the 12 CDG with major immune involvement, organized into 6 categories of inborn errors of immunity according to the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS). The immune involvement in phosphomannomutase 2 (PMM2)-CDG - the most frequent CDG - was comprehensively reviewed, highlighting a higher prevalence of immune issues during infancy and childhood and in R141H-bearing genotypes. Finally, using PMM2-CDG as a model, we point to links between abnormal glycosylation patterns in host cells and possibly favored interactions with microorganisms that may explain the higher susceptibility to infection. Further characterizing immunopathology and unusual host-pathogen adhesion in CDG can not only improve immunological standards of care but also pave the way for innovative preventive measures and targeted glycan-based therapies that may improve quality of life for people living with CDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Pascoal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO– Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- CDG & Allies-Professionals and Patient Associations International Network, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rita Francisco
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO– Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- CDG & Allies-Professionals and Patient Associations International Network, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Mexia
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO– Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- CDG & Allies-Professionals and Patient Associations International Network, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Luís Pereira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO– Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- CDG & Allies-Professionals and Patient Associations International Network, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro Granjo
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO– Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- CDG & Allies-Professionals and Patient Associations International Network, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Helena Coelho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO – Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Mariana Barbosa
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO– Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- CDG & Allies-Professionals and Patient Associations International Network, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Vanessa dos Reis Ferreira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO– Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- CDG & Allies-Professionals and Patient Associations International Network, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Paula Alexandra Videira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO– Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- CDG & Allies-Professionals and Patient Associations International Network, Caparica, Portugal
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Poejo J, Gomes AI, Granjo P, Dos Reis Ferreira V. Resilience in patients and family caregivers living with congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG): a quantitative study using the brief resilience coping scale (BRCS). Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:98. [PMID: 38439013 PMCID: PMC10913249 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients and family caregivers living with Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) experience a heavy burden, which can impact their resiliency and quality of life. The study's purpose was to measure the resilience levels of patients and family caregivers living with CDG using the brief resilience coping scale. METHODS We conducted an observational, cross-sectional study with 23 patients and 151 family caregivers living with CDG. Descriptive analyses were performed to characterize patients with CDG and family caregivers' samples. Additionally, we assessed correlations between resilience and specific variables (e.g., age, academic degree, time until diagnosis) and examined resilience differences between groups (e.g., sex, marital status, occupation, professional and social support). RESULTS GNE myopathy was the most prevalent CDG among patients, while in family caregivers was PMM2-CDG. Both samples showed medium levels of resilience coping scores. Individuals with GNE myopathy had significantly higher scores of resilience compared to patients with other CDG. Resilience was positively correlated with educational degree in patients with CDG. Family caregivers had marginally significant higher scores of resilience coping if they received any kind of professional support or had contact with other families or people with the same or similar disease, compared with unsupported individuals. CONCLUSIONS Despite the inherited difficulties of living with a life-threatening disease like CDG, patients and family caregivers showed medium resilient coping levels. Resilience scores changed significantly considering the CDG genotype, individual's academic degree and professional and social support. These exploratory findings can empower the healthcare system and private institutions by promoting the development of targeted interventions to enhance individuals` coping skills and improve the overall well-being and mental health of the CDG community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Poejo
- CDG & Allies - Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Isabel Gomes
- Centro de Investigação Em Ciência Psicológica (CICPSI), Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade, 1649-013, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Granjo
- CDG & Allies - Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Dos Reis Ferreira
- CDG & Allies - Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal.
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal.
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal.
- Portuguese Association for Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG), Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal.
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Iacobescu GL, Corlatescu AD, Popa M, Iacobescu L, Cirstoiu C, Orban C. Exploring the Implications of Golgi Apparatus Dysfunction in Bone Diseases. Cureus 2024; 16:e56982. [PMID: 38665758 PMCID: PMC11045246 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is an organelle responsible for protein processing, sorting, and transport in cells. Recent research has shed light on its possible role in the pathogenesis of various bone diseases. This review seeks to explore its significance in osteoporosis, osteogenesis imperfecta, and other bone conditions such as dysplasias. Numerous lines of evidence demonstrate that perturbations to Golgi apparatus function can disrupt post-translational protein modification, folding and trafficking functions crucial for bone formation, mineralization, and remodeling. Abnormalities related to glycosylation, protein sorting, or vesicular transport in Golgi have been associated with altered osteoblast and osteoclast function, compromised extracellular matrix composition, as well as disrupted signaling pathways involved with homeostasis of bones. Mutations or dysregulation of Golgi-associated proteins, including golgins and coat protein complex I and coat protein complex II coat components, have also been implicated in bone diseases. Such genetic alterations may disrupt Golgi structure, membrane dynamics, and protein transport, leading to bone phenotype abnormalities. Understanding the links between Golgi apparatus dysfunction and bone diseases could provide novel insights into disease pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets. Future research should focus on unraveling specific molecular mechanisms underlying Golgi dysfunction associated with bone diseases to develop targeted interventions for restoring normal bone homeostasis while decreasing clinical manifestations associated with these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgian L Iacobescu
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, ROU
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, ROU
| | | | - Mihnea Popa
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, ROU
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, ROU
| | - Loredana Iacobescu
- Cardiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, ROU
- Cardiology Department, University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, ROU
| | - Catalin Cirstoiu
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, ROU
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Department, University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, ROU
| | - Carmen Orban
- Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, ROU
- Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Department, University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, ROU
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8
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Tonin R, Feo F, Falliano S, Ferri L, Giunti L, Calamai M, Procopio E, Mari F, Conti V, Fanelli I, Bambi F, Guerrini R, Morrone A. Generation of human induced pluripotent stem cell line (AOUMEYi001-A) from a patient affected by Congenital disorders of glycosylation (ALG8-CDG) using self-replicating RNA vector. Stem Cell Res 2023; 73:103235. [PMID: 38323760 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2023.103235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are rare inherited metabolic diseases caused by genetic defects in the glycosylation of proteins and lipids. In this study, we describe the generation and characterization of one human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) line from a 15-year-old male patient with CDG. The patient carried three variants, one (c.122G > A; p.Arg41Gln) inherited from his father and two (c.445 T > G; p.Leu149Arg and the novel c.980C > G; p.Thr327Arg) inherited from his mother in the ALG8 gene (OMIM #608103). The generated hiPSC line shows a normal karyotype, expresses pluripotency markers, and is able to differentiate into the three germ layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Tonin
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Neurometabolic Diseases, Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy.
| | - Federica Feo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Neurometabolic Diseases, Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Falliano
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Neurometabolic Diseases, Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Ferri
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Neurometabolic Diseases, Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Giunti
- Neuro-Oncology Unit Department of Pediatric Oncology, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Martino Calamai
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Procopio
- Metabolic and Neuromuscular Unit- Department of Neurosciences, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Mari
- Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Valerio Conti
- Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Ilaria Fanelli
- Cell Factory Meyer, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Franco Bambi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Amelia Morrone
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Neurometabolic Diseases, Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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9
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Francisco R, Brasil S, Poejo J, Jaeken J, Pascoal C, Videira PA, Dos Reis Ferreira V. Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG): state of the art in 2022. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:329. [PMID: 37858231 PMCID: PMC10585812 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02879-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a complex and heterogeneous family of rare metabolic diseases. With a clinical history that dates back over 40 years, it was the recent multi-omics advances that mainly contributed to the fast-paced and encouraging developments in the field. However, much remains to be understood, with targeted therapies' discovery and approval being the most urgent unmet need. In this paper, we present the 2022 state of the art of CDG, including glycosylation pathways, phenotypes, genotypes, inheritance patterns, biomarkers, disease models, and treatments. In light of our current knowledge, it is not always clear whether a specific disease should be classified as a CDG. This can create ambiguity among professionals leading to confusion and misguidance, consequently affecting the patients and their families. This review aims to provide the CDG community with a comprehensive overview of the recent progress made in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Francisco
- CDG & Allies - Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Sandra Brasil
- CDG & Allies - Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Joana Poejo
- CDG & Allies - Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jaak Jaeken
- Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, KU Leuven, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Carlota Pascoal
- CDG & Allies - Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Paula A Videira
- CDG & Allies - Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Dos Reis Ferreira
- CDG & Allies - Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal.
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal.
- Portuguese Association for Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG), Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal.
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10
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Kas SM, Mundra PA, Smith DL, Marais R. Functional classification of DDOST variants of uncertain clinical significance in congenital disorders of glycosylation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17648. [PMID: 37848450 PMCID: PMC10582084 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42178-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are rare genetic disorders with a spectrum of clinical manifestations caused by abnormal N-glycosylation of secreted and cell surface proteins. Over 130 genes are implicated and next generation sequencing further identifies potential disease drivers in affected individuals. However, functional testing of these variants is challenging, making it difficult to distinguish pathogenic from non-pathogenic events. Using proximity labelling, we identified OST48 as a protein that transiently interacts with lysyl oxidase (LOX), a secreted enzyme that cross-links the fibrous extracellular matrix. OST48 is a non-catalytic component of the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex, which transfers glycans to substrate proteins. OST48 is encoded by DDOST, and 43 variants of DDOST are described in CDG patients, of which 34 are classified as variants of uncertain clinical significance (VUS). We developed an assay based on LOX N-glycosylation that confirmed two previously characterised DDOST variants as pathogenic. Notably, 39 of the 41 remaining variants did not have impaired activity, but we demonstrated that p.S243F and p.E286del were functionally impaired, consistent with a role in driving CDG in those patients. Thus, we describe a rapid assay for functional testing of clinically relevant CDG variants to complement genome sequencing and support clinical diagnosis of affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjors M Kas
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK.
| | - Piyushkumar A Mundra
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Duncan L Smith
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Richard Marais
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK.
- Oncodrug Ltd, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, UK.
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11
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Monticelli M, D'Onofrio T, Jaeken J, Morava E, Andreotti G, Cubellis MV. Congenital disorders of glycosylation: narration of a story through its patents. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:247. [PMID: 37644541 PMCID: PMC10466741 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02852-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation are a group of more than 160 rare genetic defects in protein and lipid glycosylation. Since the first clinical report in 1980 of PMM2-CDG, the most common CDG worldwide, research made great strides, but nearly all of them are still missing a cure. CDG diagnosis has been at a rapid pace since the introduction of whole-exome/whole-genome sequencing as a diagnostic tool. Here, we retrace the history of CDG by analyzing all the patents associated with the topic. To this end, we explored the Espacenet database, extracted a list of patents, and then divided them into three major groups: (1) Drugs/therapeutic approaches for CDG, (2) Drug delivery tools for CDG, (3) Diagnostic tools for CDG. Despite the enormous scientific progress experienced in the last 30 years, diagnostic tools, drugs, and biomarkers are still urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Monticelli
- Department of Biology, University of Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia, Napoli, 80126, Italy
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry ICB, CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078, Italy
| | - Tania D'Onofrio
- Department of Biology, University of Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia, Napoli, 80126, Italy
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry ICB, CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078, Italy
| | - Jaak Jaeken
- Center of Metabolic Diseases, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eva Morava
- Department of Clinical Genomics and Laboratory of Medical Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Giuseppina Andreotti
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry ICB, CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078, Italy.
| | - Maria Vittoria Cubellis
- Department of Biology, University of Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia, Napoli, 80126, Italy
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry ICB, CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078, Italy
- Stazione Zoologica "Anton Dohrn", Villa Comunale, Naples, Italy
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12
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Nguyen MN, Chakraborty D, Rao SR, Onysk A, Radkiewicz M, Surmacz L, Swiezewska E, Soubeyrand E, Akhtar TA, Kraft TW, Sherry DM, Fliesler SJ, Pittler SJ. A Dhdds K42E knock-in RP59 mouse model shows inner retina pathology and defective synaptic transmission. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:420. [PMID: 37443173 PMCID: PMC10345138 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05936-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) defines a group of hereditary progressive rod-cone degenerations that exhibit a common phenotype caused by variants in over 70 genes. While most variants in the dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase (DHDDS) gene result in syndromic abnormalities, some variants cause non-syndromic RP (RP59). DHDDS encodes one subunit of the enzyme cis-prenyltransferase (CPT), which is required for the synthesis of dolichol (Dol), that is a necessary protein glycosylation cofactor. We previously reported the creation and initial characterization of a knock-in (KI) mouse model harboring the most prevalent RP59-associated DHDDS variant (K42E) to understand how defects in DHDDS lead to retina-specific pathology. This model exhibited no profound retinal degeneration, nor protein N-glycosylation defects. Here, we report that the Dol isoprenylogue species in retina, liver, and brain of the K42E mouse model are statistically shorter than in the corresponding tissues of age-matched controls, as reported in blood and urine of RP59 patients. Retinal transcriptome analysis demonstrated elevation of many genes encoding proteins involved in synaptogenesis and synaptic function. Quantitative retinal cell layer thickness measurements demonstrated a significant reduction in the inner nuclear layer (INL) and total retinal thickness (TRT) beginning at postnatal (PN) ∼2 months, progressively increasing to PN 18-mo. Histological analysis revealed cell loss in the INL, outer plexiform layer (OPL) disruption, and ectopic localization of outer nuclear layer (ONL) nuclei into the OPL of K42E mutant retinas, relative to controls. Electroretinograms (ERGs) of mutant mice exhibited reduced b-wave amplitudes beginning at PN 1-mo, progressively declining through PN 18-mo, without appreciable a-wave attenuation, relative to controls. Our results suggest that the underlying cause of DHDDS K42E variant driven RP59 retinal pathology is defective synaptic transmission from outer to inner retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai N Nguyen
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, Vision Science Research Center, School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Dibyendu Chakraborty
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, Vision Science Research Center, School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Sriganesh Ramachandra Rao
- Research Service, VA Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY, 14215, USA
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry and Neuroscience Graduate Program, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Agnieszka Onysk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, 02106, Poland
| | - Mariusz Radkiewicz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, 02106, Poland
| | - Liliana Surmacz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, 02106, Poland
| | - Ewa Swiezewska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, 02106, Poland
| | - Eric Soubeyrand
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Tariq A Akhtar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Timothy W Kraft
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, Vision Science Research Center, School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - David M Sherry
- Departments of Cell Biology, Neurosurgery, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Steven J Fliesler
- Research Service, VA Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY, 14215, USA
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry and Neuroscience Graduate Program, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Steven J Pittler
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, Vision Science Research Center, School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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13
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Jia JX, Peng SL, Kalisa NY, Chao Q, Zhou Z, Gao XD, Wang N. A liposomal carbohydrate vaccine, adjuvanted with an NKT cell agonist, induces rapid and enhanced immune responses and antibody class switching. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:175. [PMID: 37264420 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01927-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs) are genetic diseases caused by gene defects in glycan biosynthesis pathways, and there is an increasing number of patients diagnosed with CDGs. Because CDGs show many different clinical symptoms, their accurate clinical diagnosis is challenging. Recently, we have shown that liposome nanoparticles bearing the ALG1-CDG and PMM2-CDG biomarkers (a tetrasaccharide: Neu5Ac-α2,6-Gal-β1,4-GlcNAc-β1,4-GlcNAc) stimulate a moderate immune response, while the generated antibodies show relatively weak affinity maturation. Thus, mature antibodies with class switching to IgG are desired to develop high-affinity antibodies that may be applied in medical applications. RESULTS In the present study, a liposome-based vaccine platform carrying a chemoenzymatic synthesized phytanyl-linked tetrasaccharide biomarker was optimized. The liposome nanoparticles were constructed by dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) to improve the stability and immunogenicity of the vaccine, and adjuvanted with the NKT cell agonist PBS57 to generate high level of IgG antibodies. The results indicated that the reformulated liposomal vaccine stimulated a stronger immune response, and PBS57 successfully induce an antibody class switch to IgG. Further analyses of IgG antibodies elicited by liposome vaccines suggested their specific binding to tetrasaccharide biomarkers, which were mainly IgG2b isotypes. CONCLUSIONS Immunization with a liposome vaccine carrying a carbohydrate antigen and PBS57 stimulates high titers of CDG biomarker-specific IgG antibodies, thereby showing great potential as a platform to develop rapid diagnostic methods for ALG1-CDG and PMM2-CDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Xiang Jia
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Sen-Lin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Ndayambaje Yvan Kalisa
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Qiang Chao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhifang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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14
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Malherbe HL, Modell B, Blencowe H, Strong KL, Aldous C. A review of key terminology and definitions used for birth defects globally. J Community Genet 2023; 14:241-262. [PMID: 37093545 PMCID: PMC10272040 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-023-00642-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Birth defects, also known as congenital disorders, are a significant health issue impacting at least five million births annually worldwide. For policymakers to mount a relevant healthcare response to care for those affected, the burden of disease of these conditions must be quantified. Estimates of the contribution of birth defects to under-5 child mortality and morbidity are generated by several groups globally. These estimates often differ, causing confusion for policymakers. While some differences may be attributed to the data sources and methods used, much is due to a lack of clarity in the terminology used for the group of disorders classed as "congenital". This study aimed to gain insight into the diversity of terms and definitions for birth defects, including those used routinely by relevant international/national organisations and in the peer-reviewed literature. This two-part study included (1) scoping review of peer-reviewed literature to identify terms and definitions in use for birth defects and (2) review of key websites and grey literature to identify terms and definitions used. The results of this study indicate a wide variety of terms being used, often interchangeably and undefined, in peer-reviewed publications, on institutional websites and related literature. This suggests a lack of clarity related to terminology and sets the scene for further discussion, recommending that the community of practice working on birth defects comes to a consensus on standard terminology and definitions for global uptake and implementation. Such standardisation will facilitate a common understanding of the burden of these disorders globally, regionally and within countries so that action can be taken to support affected children and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Malherbe
- Centre for Human Metabolomics, North-West University, North-West Province, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
- Rare Diseases South Africa NPC, The Station, 63 Peter Place, Bryanston, Johannesburg, 2021, Gauteng, South Africa.
| | - B Modell
- University College London, London, UK
| | - H Blencowe
- Centre for Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive and Child Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - K L Strong
- Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health and Aging, Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Aldous
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
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15
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Lee HF, Chi CS. Congenital disorders of glycosylation and infantile epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2023; 142:109214. [PMID: 37086590 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a group of rare inherited metabolic disorders caused by defects in various defects of protein or lipid glycosylation pathways. The symptoms and signs of CDG usually develop in infancy. Epilepsy is commonly observed in CDG individuals and is often a presenting symptom. These epilepsies can present across the lifespan, share features of refractoriness to antiseizure medications, and are often associated with comorbid developmental delay, psychomotor regression, intellectual disability, and behavioral problems. In this review, we discuss CDG and infantile epilepsy, focusing on an overview of clinical manifestations and electroencephalographic features. Finally, we propose a tiered approach that will permit a clinician to systematically investigate and identify CDG earlier, and furthermore, to provide genetic counseling for the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Fen Lee
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145, Xingda Rd., Taichung 402, Taiwan; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 1650, Taiwan Boulevard Sec. 4, Taichung 407, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Shiang Chi
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 1650, Taiwan Boulevard Sec. 4, Taichung 407, Taiwan.
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16
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Fischer J, Hotz A, Komlosi K. Syndromic ichthyoses. MED GENET-BERLIN 2023; 35:23-32. [PMID: 38835422 PMCID: PMC10842576 DOI: 10.1515/medgen-2023-2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Inherited ichthyoses are classified as Mendelian disorders of cornification (MEDOC), which are further defined on the basis of clinical and genetic features and can be divided into non-syndromic and syndromic forms. To date, mutations in more than 30 genes are known to result in various types of syndromic ichthyoses, which, in addition to mostly generalised scaling and hyperkeratosis of the skin, also show additional organ involvement. The syndromic ichthyoses are generally very rare and are classified based on the mode of inheritance, and can be further subdivided according to the predominant symptoms. In our review we provide a concise overview of the most prevalent syndromic forms of ichthyosis within each subgroup. We emphasize the importance of the clinical assessment of complex syndromes even in the era of genetic testing as a first-tier diagnostic and specifically the need to actively assess potential organ involvement in patients with ichthyosis, thereby enabling efficient diagnostic and therapeutic approaches and timely access to specialized centers for rare disorders of cornifications. As part of the Freiburg Center for Rare Diseases a Center for Cornification Disorders was recently established with collaboration of the Institute of Human Genetics and the Department of Dermatology. An early diagnosis of syndromes will be of direct benefit to the patient regarding interventional and therapeutic measures e. g. in syndromes with cardiac or metabolic involvement and allows informed reproductive options and access to prenatal and preimplantation genetic diagnosis in the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Fischer
- University of FreiburgFaculty of MedicineFreiburgDeutschland
| | - Alrun Hotz
- University of FreiburgFaculty of MedicineFreiburgDeutschland
| | - Katalin Komlosi
- University of FreiburgFaculty of MedicineFreiburgDeutschland
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17
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Zhou SY. [Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of phosphomannomutase 2 deficiency]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2023; 25:223-228. [PMID: 36854702 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2209049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Phosphomannomutase 2 deficiency is the most common form of N-glycosylation disorders and is also known as phosphomannomutase 2-congenital disorder of glycosylation (PMM2-CDG). It is an autosomal recessive disease with multi-system involvements and is caused by mutations in the PMM2 gene (OMIM: 601785), with varying severities in individuals. At present, there is still no specific therapy for PMM2-CDG, and early identification, early diagnosis, and early treatment can effectively prolong the life span of pediatric patients. This article reviews the advances in the diagnosis and treatment of PMM2-CDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yan Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China
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18
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Paprocka J. Neurological Consequences of Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 29:219-253. [PMID: 36255677 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12390-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The chapter is devoted to neurological aspects of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). At the beginning, the various types of CDG with neurological presentation of symptoms are summarized. Then, the occurrence of various neurological constellation of abnormalities (for example: epilepsy, brain anomalies on neuroimaging, ataxia, stroke-like episodes, autistic features) in different CDG types are discussed followed by data on possible biomarkers and limited treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Paprocka
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
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19
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Elsharkawi I, Wongkittichote P, James Paul Daniel E, Starosta RT, Ueda K, Ng BG, Freeze HH, He M, Shinawi M. DDOST-CDG: Clinical and molecular characterization of a third patient with a milder and a predominantly movement disorder phenotype. J Inherit Metab Dis 2023; 46:92-100. [PMID: 36214423 PMCID: PMC9852036 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a group of heterogeneous inherited metabolic disorders affecting posttranslational protein modification. DDOST-CDG, caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in DDOST which encodes dolichyl-diphospho-oligosaccharide-protein glycosyltransferase, a subunit of N-glycosylation oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex, is an ultra-rare condition that has been described in two patients only. The main clinical features in the two reported patients include profound developmental delay, failure to thrive, and hypotonia. In addition, both patients had abnormal transferrin glycosylation. Here, we report an 18-year-old male who presented with moderate developmental delay, progressive opsoclonus, myoclonus, ataxia, tremor, and dystonia. Biochemical studies by carbohydrate deficient transferrin analysis showed a type I CDG pattern. Exome sequencing identified compound heterozygous variants in DDOST: a maternally inherited variant, c.1142dupT (p.Leu381Phefs*11), and a paternally inherited variant, c.661 T > C (p.Ser221Pro). Plasma N-glycan profiling showed mildly increased small high mannose glycans including Man0-5 GlcNAc2, a pattern consistent with what was previously reported in DDOST-CDG or defects in other subunits of OST complex. Western blot analysis on patient's fibroblasts revealed decreased expression of DDOST and reduced intracellular N-glycosylation, as evident by the biomarkers ICAM-1 and LAMP2. Our study highlights the clinical variability, expands the clinical and biochemical phenotypes, and describes new genotype, which all are essential for diagnosing and managing patients with DDOST-CDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Elsharkawi
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Parith Wongkittichote
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Rodrigo Tzovenos Starosta
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Keisuke Ueda
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bobby G. Ng
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Children’s Health Research Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hudson H. Freeze
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Children’s Health Research Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Miao He
- Palmieri Metabolic Disease Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marwan Shinawi
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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20
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Budhraja R, Saraswat M, De Graef D, Ranatunga W, Ramarajan MG, Mousa J, Kozicz T, Pandey A, Morava E. N-glycoproteomics reveals distinct glycosylation alterations in NGLY1-deficient patient-derived dermal fibroblasts. J Inherit Metab Dis 2023; 46:76-91. [PMID: 36102038 PMCID: PMC10092224 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation are genetic disorders that occur due to defects in protein and lipid glycosylation pathways. A deficiency of N-glycanase 1, encoded by the NGLY1 gene, results in a congenital disorder of deglycosylation. The NGLY1 enzyme is mainly involved in cleaving N-glycans from misfolded, retro-translocated glycoproteins in the cytosol from the endoplasmic reticulum before their proteasomal degradation or activation. Despite the essential role of NGLY1 in deglycosylation pathways, the exact consequences of NGLY1 deficiency on global cellular protein glycosylation have not yet been investigated. We undertook a multiplexed tandem mass tags-labeling-based quantitative glycoproteomics and proteomics analysis of fibroblasts from NGLY1-deficient individuals carrying different biallelic pathogenic variants in NGLY1. This quantitative mass spectrometric analysis detected 8041 proteins and defined a proteomic signature of differential expression across affected individuals and controls. Proteins that showed significant differential expression included phospholipid phosphatase 3, stromal cell-derived factor 1, collagen alpha-1 (IV) chain, hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1, and thrombospondin-1. We further detected a total of 3255 N-glycopeptides derived from 550 glycosylation sites of 407 glycoproteins by multiplexed N-glycoproteomics. Several extracellular matrix glycoproteins and adhesion molecules showed altered abundance of N-glycopeptides. Overall, we observed distinct alterations in specific glycoproteins, but our data revealed no global accumulation of glycopeptides in the patient-derived fibroblasts, despite the genetic defect in NGLY1. Our findings highlight new molecular and system-level insights for understanding NGLY1-CDDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Budhraja
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mayank Saraswat
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Diederik De Graef
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Wasantha Ranatunga
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Madan G Ramarajan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Jehan Mousa
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tamas Kozicz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eva Morava
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Medical Genetics and Department of Biophysics, University of Pecs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
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Guo B, Xia Y, Wang C, Wang F, Zhang C, Xiao L, Zhang X, Meng Y, Wang Y, Ding J, Wang L, Zhu C, Jiang S, Huo X, Sun Y, Gao P, Wu J, Yu B, Huo J, Sun T. Decreased cognitive function of ALG13KO female mice may be related to the decreased plasticity of hippocampal neurons. Neuropeptides 2022; 96:102290. [PMID: 36152356 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2022.102290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Asparagine-linked glycosylation 13 (ALG13) is an X-linked gene that encodes a protein involved in the glycosylation of the N-terminus. ALG13 deficiency leads to ALG13-congenital disorders of glycosylation (ALG13-CDG), usually in females presenting with mental retardation and epilepsy. Cognitive function is an important function of the hippocampus, and forms the basis for learning, memory and social abilities. However, researchers have not yet investigated the effect of ALG13 on hippocampal cognitive function. In this study, the exploration, learning, memory and social abilities of ALG13 knockout (KO) female mice were decreased in behavioral experiments. Golgi staining demonstrated a decrease in the complexity of hippocampal neurons. Western blot and immunofluorescence staining of the synaptic plasticity factors postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and synaptophysin (SYP) displayed varying degrees of decline. In other words, the KO of ALG13 may have reduced the expression of PSD95 and SYP in the hippocampus of female mice. Moreover, it may have lowered the synaptic plasticity in various areas of the hippocampus, thus resulting in decreased dendrite length, complexity, and dendrite spine density, which affected the hippocampal function and reduced the cognitive function in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baorui Guo
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Lifei Xiao
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Yuan Meng
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Jiangwei Ding
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Changliang Zhu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Shucai Jiang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Xianhao Huo
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Yangyang Sun
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Ji Wu
- Renji Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental & Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Baoli Yu
- Renji Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental & Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Junming Huo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia 014017, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.
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A case of ALG11-congenital disorders of glycosylation diagnosed by post-mortem whole exome sequencing. Brain Dev 2022; 44:732-736. [PMID: 35907674 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are inherited inborn errors of metabolism due to abnormal protein and lipid glycosylation that present with multi-systemic manifestations. The heterogeneity of CDG poses a serious diagnostic challenge; therefore, whole-exome sequencing (WES), which plays an increasingly important role in the molecular diagnosis of CDG, is used for examining patients with CDG. CASE REPORT We report the case of a two-month-old male patient who developed developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) with intractable seizures and microcephaly. EEG demonstrated a suppression-burst (S-B) pattern, and MRI showed delayed myelination and progressive atrophic changes. Although CDG was clinically suspected, serum transferrin isoelectric focusing analysis appeared to be normal. The patient died by six years of age. Postmortem WES performed approximately 20 years after the patient's death revealed homozygous variants in ALG11 (NM_001004127.3: c.935A > C, p.Glu312Ala), and the patient was diagnosed with ALG11-CDG. CONCLUSION We present a case of the patient with ALG11-CDG diagnosed using post-mortem WES. The EEG revealed a S-B pattern that indicated severely drug-resistant DEE, which was associated with poor prognosis. If a CDG is suspected, WES should be considered.
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Wang J, Gou X, Wang X, Zhang J, Zhao N, Wang X. Case Report: The novel hemizygous mutation in the SSR4 gene caused congenital disorder of glycosylation type iy: A case study and literature review. Front Genet 2022; 13:955732. [PMID: 36386804 PMCID: PMC9643473 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.955732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recently, the hemizygous variation of SSR4 gene has been reported to be associated with congenital disorder of glycosylation type Iy. To date, only 13 patients have been diagnosed with SSR4-CDG in the worldwide, but it has not been reported in the Chinese population. Methods: Whole-exome sequencing and gene copy number variation analysis were used to genetic analysis. The mRNA expression of SSR4 gene in blood was detected by Real-time Quantitative PCR. The clinical manifestations of all patients reported in the literature were reviewed. Results: WES analysis identified a de novo hemizygous variant c.269G>A (p.Trp90*) of SSR4 gene in the proband with psychomotor retardation, microcephaly, abnormal facial features, and nystagmus. This variant has not been reported in previous studies. The in vivo mRNA expression of SSR4 gene in patient was significantly decreased. Literature review showed that all 14 patients, including our patient, presented with hypotonia, intellectual disability, developmental delay, microcephaly, and abnormal facial features, while most patients had feeding difficulties, growth retardation, and ocular abnormalities, and epilepsy and skeletal abnormalities are less common. Conclusion: We reported the first case of SSR4-CDG caused by SSR4 variant in Chinese population, expanded the clinical and mutation spectra of the disorder, clarified the genetic etiology of the patient, and offered support for the prenatal diagnosis of the index family.
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24
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Hyde LF, Kong Y, Zhao L, Rao SR, Wang J, Stone L, Njaa A, Collin GB, Krebs MP, Chang B, Fliesler SJ, Nishina PM, Naggert JK. A Dpagt1 Missense Variant Causes Degenerative Retinopathy without Myasthenic Syndrome in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12005. [PMID: 36233305 PMCID: PMC9570038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231912005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a heterogenous group of primarily autosomal recessive mendelian diseases caused by disruptions in the synthesis of lipid-linked oligosaccharides and their transfer to proteins. CDGs usually affect multiple organ systems and vary in presentation, even within families. There is currently no cure, and treatment is aimed at ameliorating symptoms and improving quality of life. Here, we describe a chemically induced mouse mutant, tvrm76, with early-onset photoreceptor degeneration. The recessive mutation was mapped to Chromosome 9 and associated with a missense mutation in the Dpagt1 gene encoding UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:dolichyl-phosphate N-acetyl-D-glucosaminephosphotransferase (EC 2.7.8.15). The mutation is predicted to cause a substitution of aspartic acid with glycine at residue 166 of DPAGT1. This represents the first viable animal model of a Dpagt1 mutation and a novel phenotype for a CDG. The increased expression of Ddit3, and elevated levels of HSPA5 (BiP) suggest the presence of early-onset endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. These changes were associated with the induction of photoreceptor apoptosis in tvrm76 retinas. Mutations in human DPAGT1 cause myasthenic syndrome-13 and severe forms of a congenital disorder of glycosylation Type Ij. In contrast, Dpagt1tvrm76 homozygous mice present with congenital photoreceptor degeneration without overt muscle or muscular junction involvement. Our results suggest the possibility of DPAGT1 mutations in human patients that present primarily with retinitis pigmentosa, with little or no muscle disease. Variants in DPAGT1 should be considered when evaluating cases of non-syndromic retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yang Kong
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Lihong Zhao
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Sriganesh Ramachandra Rao
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry and Neuroscience Graduate Program, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Research Service, VA Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA
| | - Jieping Wang
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Lisa Stone
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Andrew Njaa
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | | | - Mark P Krebs
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Bo Chang
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Steven J Fliesler
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry and Neuroscience Graduate Program, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Research Service, VA Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA
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25
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Monticelli M, Francisco R, Brasil S, Marques-da-Silva D, Rijoff T, Pascoal C, Jaeken J, Videira PA, Dos Reis Ferreira V. Stakeholders' views on drug development: the congenital disorders of glycosylation community perspective. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:303. [PMID: 35907899 PMCID: PMC9338569 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02460-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a large family of rare genetic diseases for which therapies are virtually nonexistent. However, CDG therapeutic research has been expanding, thanks to the continuous efforts of the CDG medical/scientific and patient communities. Hence, CDG drug development is a popular research topic. The main aim of this study was to understand current and steer future CDG drug development and approval by collecting and analysing the views and experiences of the CDG community, encompassing professionals and families. An electronic (e-)survey was developed and distributed to achieve this goal. RESULTS A total of 128 respondents (46 CDG professionals and 82 family members), mainly from Europe and the USA, participated in this study. Most professionals (95.0%) were relatively familiar with drug development and approval processes, while CDG families revealed low familiarity levels, with 8.5% admitting to never having heard about drug development. However, both stakeholder groups agreed that patients and families make significant contributions to drug development and approval. Regarding their perceptions of and experiences with specific drug development and approval tools, namely biobanks, disease models, patient registries, natural history studies (NHS) and clinical trials (CT), the CDG community stakeholders described low use and participation, as well as variable familiarity. Additionally, CDG professionals and families shared conflicting views about CT patient engagement and related information sharing. Families reported lower levels of involvement in CT design (25.0% declared ever being involved) and information (60.0% stated having been informed) compared to professionals (60.0% and 85.7%, respectively). These contrasting perceptions were further extended to their insights and experiences with patient-centric research. Finally, the CDG community (67.4% of professionals and 54.0% of families) reported a positive vision of artificial intelligence (AI) as a drug development tool. Nevertheless, despite the high AI awareness among CDG families (76.8%), professionals described limited AI use in their research (23.9%). CONCLUSIONS This community-centric study sheds new light on CDG drug development and approval. It identifies educational, communication and research gaps and opportunities for CDG professionals and families that could improve and accelerate CDG therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Monticelli
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80126, Naples, Italy.,CDG & Allies - Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rita Francisco
- CDG & Allies - Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal. .,UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal. .,Associate Laboratory i4HB , Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Sandra Brasil
- CDG & Allies - Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal.,UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB , Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal.,Portuguese Association for Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG), Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Dorinda Marques-da-Silva
- CDG & Allies - Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal.,Portuguese Association for Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG), Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal.,LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2411-901, Leiria, Portugal.,ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tatiana Rijoff
- CDG & Allies - Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal.,CDG Swiss Association, Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - Carlota Pascoal
- CDG & Allies - Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal.,UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB , Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal.,Portuguese Association for Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG), Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jaak Jaeken
- CDG & Allies - Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal.,Department of Development and Regeneration, Centre for Metabolic Diseases, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paula A Videira
- CDG & Allies - Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal.,UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB , Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal.,Portuguese Association for Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG), Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Dos Reis Ferreira
- CDG & Allies - Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal. .,UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal. .,Portuguese Association for Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG), Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal.
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Concerted Regulation of Glycosylation Factors Sustains Tissue Identity and Function. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081805. [PMID: 36009354 PMCID: PMC9404854 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is a fundamental cellular process affecting human development and health. Complex machinery establishes the glycan structures whose heterogeneity provides greater structural diversity than other post-translational modifications. Although known to present spatial and temporal diversity, the evolution of glycosylation and its role at the tissue-specific level is poorly understood. In this study, we combined genome and transcriptome profiles of healthy and diseased tissues to uncover novel insights into the complex role of glycosylation in humans. We constructed a catalogue of human glycosylation factors, including transferases, hydrolases and other genes directly involved in glycosylation. These were categorized as involved in N-, O- and lipid-linked glycosylation, glypiation, and glycosaminoglycan synthesis. Our data showed that these glycosylation factors constitute an ancient family of genes, where evolutionary constraints suppressed large gene duplications, except for genes involved in O-linked and lipid glycosylation. The transcriptome profiles of 30 healthy human tissues revealed tissue-specific expression patterns preserved across mammals. In addition, clusters of tightly co-expressed genes suggest a glycosylation code underlying tissue identity. Interestingly, several glycosylation factors showed tissue-specific profiles varying with age, suggesting a role in ageing-related disorders. In cancer, our analysis revealed that glycosylation factors are highly perturbed, at the genome and transcriptome levels, with a strong predominance of copy number alterations. Moreover, glycosylation factor dysregulation was associated with distinct cellular compositions of the tumor microenvironment, reinforcing the impact of glycosylation in modulating the immune system. Overall, this work provides genome-wide evidence that the glycosylation machinery is tightly regulated in healthy tissues and impaired in ageing and tumorigenesis, unveiling novel potential roles as prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
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Burns W, Chaudhari BP, Haffner DN. Neurogenetic and Metabolic Mimics of Common Neonatal Neurological Disorders. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2022; 42:100972. [PMID: 35868729 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2022.100972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenetic and metabolic diseases often present in the neonatal period, masquerading as other disorders, most commonly as neonatal encephalopathy and seizures. Advancements in our understanding of inborn errors of metabolism are leading to an increasing number of therapeutic options. Many of these treatments can improve long-term neurodevelopment and seizure control. However, the treatments are frequently condition-specific. A high index of suspicion is required for prompt identification and treatment. When suspected, simultaneous metabolic and molecular testing are recommended along with concurrent treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Burns
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH.
| | - Bimal P Chaudhari
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Division of Neonatology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Darrah N Haffner
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Division of Neurology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
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de Haas P, de Jonge MI, Koenen HJPM, Joosten B, Janssen MCH, de Boer L, Hendriks WJAJ, Lefeber DJ, Cambi A. Evaluation of Cell Models to Study Monocyte Functions in PMM2 Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:869031. [PMID: 35603178 PMCID: PMC9121068 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.869031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are inherited metabolic diseases characterized by mutations in enzymes involved in different steps of protein glycosylation, leading to aberrant synthesis, attachment or processing of glycans. Recently, immunological dysfunctions in several CDG types have been increasingly documented. Despite these observations, detailed studies on immune cell dysfunction in PMM2-CDG and other CDG types are still scarce. Studying PMM2-CDG patient immune cells is challenging due to limited availability of patient material, which is a result of the low incidence of the disease and the often young age of the subjects. Dedicated immune cell models, mimicking PMM2-CDG, could circumvent many of these problems and facilitate research into the mechanisms of immune dysfunction. Here we provide initial observations about the immunophenotype and the phagocytic function of primary PMM2-CDG monocytes. Furthermore, we assessed the suitability of two different glycosylation-impaired human monocyte models: tunicamycin-treated THP-1 monocytes and PMM2 knockdown THP-1 monocytes induced by shRNAs. We found no significant differences in primary monocyte subpopulations of PMM2-CDG patients as compared to healthy individuals but we did observe anomalous surface glycosylation patterns in PMM2-CDG patient monocytes as determined using fluorescent lectin binding. We also looked at the capacity of monocytes to bind and internalize fungal particles and found a slightly increased uptake of C. albicans by PMM2-CDG monocytes as compared to healthy monocytes. Tunicamycin-treated THP-1 monocytes showed a highly decreased uptake of fungal particles, accompanied by a strong decrease in glycosylation levels and a high induction of ER stress. In contrast and despite a drastic reduction of the PMM2 enzyme activity, PMM2 knockdown THP-1 monocytes showed no changes in global surface glycosylation levels, levels of fungal particle uptake similar to control monocytes, and no ER stress induction. Collectively, these initial observations suggest that the absence of ER stress in PMM2 knockdown THP-1 cells make this model superior over tunicamycin-treated THP-1 cells and more comparable to primary PMM2-CDG monocytes. Further development and exploitation of CDG monocyte models will be essential for future in-depth studies to ultimately unravel the mechanisms of immune dysfunction in CDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola de Haas
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marien I. de Jonge
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Hans J. P. M. Koenen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ben Joosten
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Mirian C. H. Janssen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Lonneke de Boer
- Department of Paediatrics, Radboudumc Amalia Children’s Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Wiljan J. A. J. Hendriks
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. Lefeber
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Cambi
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Alessandra Cambi,
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Francisco R, Brasil S, Pascoal C, Jaeken J, Liddle M, Videira PA, Dos Reis Ferreira V. The road to successful people-centric research in rare diseases: the web-based case study of the Immunology and Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation questionnaire (ImmunoCDGQ). Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:134. [PMID: 35331276 PMCID: PMC8944152 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02286-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are a complex family of rare metabolic diseases. Robust clinical data collection faces many hurdles, preventing full CDG biological and clinical comprehension. Web-based platforms offer privileged opportunities for biomedical data gathering, and participant recruitment, particularly in rare diseases. The immunology and CDG electronic (e-) questionnaire (ImmunoCDGQ) explores this paradigm, proposing a people-centric framework to advance health research and participant empowerment. Objective The objectives of this study were to: (1) Describe and characterize the ImmunoCDGQ development, engagement, recruitment, participation, and result dissemination strategies; (2) To critically compare this framework with published literature and making recommendations. Methods An international, multistakeholder people-centric approach was initiated to develop and distribute the ImmunoCDGQ, a multi-lingual e-questionnaire able to collect immune-related data directly from patients and family caregivers. An adapted version was produced and distributed among the general “healthy” population (ImmunoHealthyQ), serving as the control group. Literature screening was performed to identify and analyze comparable studies. Results The ImmunoCDGQ attained high participation and inclusion rates (94.6%, 209 out of 221). Comparatively to the control, CDG participants also showed higher and more variable questionnaire completion times as well as increased English version representativeness. Additionally, 20% of the CDG group (42 out of 209) chose not to complete the entire questionnaire in one go. Conditional logic structuring guided participant data provision and accurate data analysis assignment. Multi-channel recruitment created sustained engagement with Facebook emerging as the most followed social media outlet. Still, most included ImmunoCDGQ questionnaires (50.7%, 106 out of 209) were submitted within the first month of the project’s launch. Literature search and analysis showed that most e-questionnaire-based studies in rare diseases are author-built (56.8%, 25 out of 44), simultaneously addressing medical and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and/or information needs (79.5%, 35 out of 44). Also, over 68% of the studies adopt multi-platform recruitment (30 out of 44) actively supported by patient organizations (52.3%, 23 out of 44). Conclusions The ImmunoCDGQ, its methodology and the CDG Community served as models for health research, hence paving a successful and reproducible road to people-centricity in biomedical research. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-022-02286-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Francisco
- CDG & Allies-Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal.,UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal.,Portuguese Association for Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG), Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Sandra Brasil
- CDG & Allies-Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal.,UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal.,Portuguese Association for Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG), Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Carlota Pascoal
- CDG & Allies-Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal.,UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal.,Portuguese Association for Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG), Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jaak Jaeken
- CDG & Allies-Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal.,Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Merell Liddle
- CDG & Allies-Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Paula A Videira
- CDG & Allies-Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal.,UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal.,Portuguese Association for Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG), Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Dos Reis Ferreira
- CDG & Allies-Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal. .,UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal. .,Portuguese Association for Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG), Department of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal.
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Rieger M, Türk M, Kraus C, Uebe S, Ekici AB, Krumbiegel M, Huchzermeyer C, Reis A, Thiel C. SRD5A3-CDG: Twins with an intragenic tandem duplication. Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104492. [PMID: 35339718 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Steroid 5α-reductase type 3 congenital disorder of glycosylation (SRD5A3-CDG) is a rare metabolic disease mainly characterized by psychomotor disability, visual impairment, and variable eye malformations caused by bi-allelic pathogenic variants in SRD5A3. So far, only 23 distinct mutations were described. Exome sequencing in 32-year old monozygotic male twins revealed only the heterozygous splice variant c.562+3delG in SRD5A3, but no second variant. The twins presented with psychomotor deficit and a complex eye disease including retinal dystrophy, pallor of the papilla, nystagmus, and strabismus suggestive of SRD5A3-CDG. Only when applying exome-based copy number analysis, we identified as a second compound heterozygous variant a previously not reported tandem duplication of exons 2-4 in SRD5A3. Next to the typical skeletal anomalies of SRD5A3-CDG such as kyphosis and scoliosis, extension deficits of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints IV were observed. Since similar contractures were described once in a patient with SRD5A3-CDG, we suggest that this rare symptom is possibly associated with SRD5A3-CDG. Our findings further expand the mutational and clinical spectrum of SRD5A3-CDG and emphasize the importance of an intragenic copy number analysis in patients with strong clinical suspicion of SRD5A3-CDG and only one detectable sequence variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Rieger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Türk
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Kraus
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steffen Uebe
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mandy Krumbiegel
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cord Huchzermeyer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - André Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Thiel
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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31
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Cirnigliaro L, Bianchi P, Sturiale L, Garozzo D, Mangili G, Keldermans L, Rizzo R, Matthijs G, Fiumara A, Jaeken J, Barone R. COG6‐CDG
: Novel variants and novel malformation. Birth Defects Res 2022; 114:165-174. [PMID: 35068072 PMCID: PMC9306771 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Cirnigliaro
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Catania Catania
| | - Paolo Bianchi
- Neonatology Unit Giovanni XXIII Hospital Bergamo Italy
| | - Luisa Sturiale
- CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials IPCB Catania
| | - Domenico Garozzo
- CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials IPCB Catania
| | | | | | - Renata Rizzo
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Catania Catania
| | - Gert Matthijs
- Department of Human Genetics KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Agata Fiumara
- Referral Centre for Inherited Metabolic Disease Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania Catania
| | - Jaak Jaeken
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Centre for Metabolic Diseases University Hospital Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven Catania Belgium
| | - Rita Barone
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Catania Catania
- CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials IPCB Catania
- Referral Centre for Inherited Metabolic Disease Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania Catania
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Rosa-Fernandes L, Oba-Shinjo SM, Macedo-da-Silva J, Marie SKN, Palmisano G. Aberrant Protein Glycosylation in Brain Cancers, with Emphasis on Glioblastoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1382:39-70. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-05460-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Komlosi K, Claris O, Collardeau-Frachon S, Kopp J, Hausser I, Mazereeuw-Hautier J, Jonca N, Zimmer AD, Sanlaville D, Fischer J. Fatal Neonatal DOLK-CDG as a Rare Form of Syndromic Ichthyosis. Front Genet 2021; 12:719624. [PMID: 34956305 PMCID: PMC8693085 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.719624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal collodion baby or ichthyosis can pose a diagnostic challenge, and in many cases, only additional organ involvement or the course of the disease will help differentiate between non-syndromic and syndromic forms. Skin abnormalities are described in about 20% of the congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). Among those, some rare CDG forms constitute a special group among the syndromic ichthyoses and can initially misdirect the diagnosis towards non-syndromic genodermatosis. DOLK-CDG is such a rare subtype, resulting from a defect in dolichol kinase, in which the congenital skin phenotype (often ichthyosis) is later associated with variable extracutaneous features such as dilatative cardiomyopathy, epilepsy, microcephaly, visual impairment, and hypoglycemia and may lead to a fatal course. We report two neonatal cases of lethal ichthyosis from the same family, with distal digital constrictions and a progressive course leading to multi-organ failure and death. Postmortem trio whole-exome sequencing revealed the compound heterozygous variants NM_014908.3: c.1342G>A, p.(Gly448Arg) and NM_014908.3: c.1558A>G, p.(Thr520Ala) in the DOLK gene in the first affected child, which were confirmed in the affected sibling. Reduced staining with anti-α-Dystroglycan antibody was observed in frozen heart tissue of the second child as an expression of reduced O-mannosylation due to the dolichol kinase deficiency. In addition to the detailed dermatopathological changes, both cases presented hepatic and extrahepatic hemosiderosis on histological examination. Our patients represent an early and fatal form of DOLK-CDG with a striking presentation at birth resembling severe collodion baby. Both cases emphasize the phenotypic variability of glycosylation disorders and the importance to broaden the differential diagnosis of ichthyosis and to actively search for organ involvement in neonates with ichthyosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Komlosi
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Katalin Komlosi,
| | - Olivier Claris
- Department of Neonatology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Bron, France
- Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Collardeau-Frachon
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Institut de Pathologie, Bron, France
- Faculté de médecine Lyon Est, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France
| | - Julia Kopp
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingrid Hausser
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juliette Mazereeuw-Hautier
- Dermatology Department, Reference Center for Rare Skin Diseases, CHU Larrey, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Jonca
- Infinity, CNRS, Inserm, UPS, Université Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Cytologie, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, Toulouse, France
| | - Andreas D. Zimmer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Damien Sanlaville
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Service de Génétique, Bron, France
- Institut Neuromyogène, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Judith Fischer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Nicotera AG, Spoto G, Calì F, Romeo G, Musumeci A, Vinci M, Fiumara A, Barone R, Di Rosa G, Musumeci SA. A Novel Homozygous ALG12 Mutation in a Patient with CDG Type Ig: New Report of a Case with a Mild Phenotype. Mol Syndromol 2021; 12:327-332. [PMID: 34602961 DOI: 10.1159/000516606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a group of rare genetic diseases caused by the deficiency of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis or remodeling of the glycan moieties of glycoconjugates. Most of CDG are autosomal recessive; however, few of them show autosomal dominant or X-linked inheritance. ALG12-CDG is an autosomal recessive inherited defect caused by a deficiency in the α-mannosyltransferase, dolichyl-P-mannose: Man7-GlcNAc-2-PP-dolichyl-alpha-6-mannosyltransferase (mannosyltransferase 8), which determines Man7GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol accumulation in tissues including fibroblasts. The clinical features of ALG12-CDG include dysmorphic features, developmental delay, hypotonia, progressive microcephaly, hypogammaglobulinemia, coagulopathies, and failure to thrive. Herein, we describe the case of a Sicilian patient with a milder phenotype bearing an ALG12 homozygous mutation. To date, including this patient, only 16 cases have been described with this form of CDG. Furthermore, our study contributes to understanding the milder ALG12-CDG cases and to further expanding the genotype-phenotype spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gennaro Nicotera
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giulia Spoto
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Giusi Romeo
- Oasi Research Institute - IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | | | | | - Agata Fiumara
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Regional Referral Center for Inborn Errors Metabolism, Pediatric Clinic, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rita Barone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Regional Referral Center for Inborn Errors Metabolism, Pediatric Clinic, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gabriella Di Rosa
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Liver Involvement in Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation: A Systematic Review. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2021; 73:444-454. [PMID: 34173795 PMCID: PMC9255677 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
An ever-increasing number of disturbances in glycosylation have been described to underlie certain unexplained liver diseases presenting either almost isolated or in a multi-organ context. We aimed to update previous literature screenings which had identified up to 23 forms of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) with associated liver disease. We conducted a comprehensive literature search of three scientific electronic databases looking at articles published during the last 20 years (January 2000-October 2020). Eligible studies were case reports/series reporting liver involvement in CDG patients. Our systematic review led us to point out 41 forms of CDG where the liver is primarily affected (n = 7) or variably involved in a multisystem disease with mandatory neurological abnormalities (n = 34). Herein we summarize individual clinical and laboratory presentation characteristics of these 41 CDG and outline their main presentation and diagnostic cornerstones with the aid of two synoptic tables. Dietary supplementation strategies have hitherto been investigated only in seven of these CDG types with liver disease, with a wide range of results. In conclusion, the systematic review recognized a liver involvement in a somewhat larger number of CDG variants corresponding to about 30% of the total of CDG so far reported, and it is likely that the number may increase further. This information could assist in an earlier correct diagnosis and a possibly proper management of these disorders.
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Lipiński P, Różdżyńska-Świątkowska A, Bogdańska A, Tylki-Szymańska A. Anthropometric Phenotype of Patients with PMM2-CDG. CHILDREN 2021; 8:children8100852. [PMID: 34682117 PMCID: PMC8535126 DOI: 10.3390/children8100852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Growth failure is commonly reported in children with PMM2-CDG. The aim of the study was to delineate the longitudinal anthropometric phenotype of patients with PMM2-CDG and attempt to find some correlations between the genotype and anthropometric phenotype. Materials and methods: Retrospective chart review of PMM2-CDG patients’ medical records was performed regarding the anthropometric measurements (head circumference, body length/height, body weight, body mass index) and PMM2 variants. Results: A negative tendency of growth evolution was observed. Patients found to be heterozygous for R141H grew slower than other patients. Body weight was correlated with body height. A negative tendency of the growth rate of head circumference was observed. Patients found to be heterozygous for R141H experienced slower growth than other patients. Conclusions: Long-term observational studies are essential to characterize the anthropometric phenotype. The body growth failure, as well as head circumference growth failure, were more severe in patients found to be heterozygous for R141H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Lipiński
- Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Anna Bogdańska
- Department of Biochemistry, Radioimmunology and Experimental Medicine, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Tylki-Szymańska
- Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland;
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Lipiński P, Stępień KM, Ciara E, Tylki-Szymańska A, Jezela-Stanek A. Skeletal and Bone Mineral Density Features, Genetic Profile in Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation: Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11081438. [PMID: 34441372 PMCID: PMC8391432 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders with impaired glycosylation of proteins and lipids. These conditions have multisystemic clinical manifestations, resulting in gradually progressive complications including skeletal involvement and reduced bone mineral density. Contrary to PMM2-CDG, all remaining CDG, including ALG12-CDG, ALG3-CDG, ALG9-CDG, ALG6-CDG, PGM3-CDG, CSGALNACT1-CDG, SLC35D1-CDG and TMEM-165, are characterized by well-defined skeletal dysplasia. In some of them, prenatal-onset severe skeletal dysplasia is observed associated with early death. Osteoporosis or osteopenia are frequently observed in all CDG types and are more pronounced in adults. Hormonal dysfunction, limited mobility and inadequate diet are common risk factors for reduced bone mineral density. Skeletal involvement in CDGs is underestimated and, thus, should always be carefully investigated and managed to prevent fractures and chronic pain. With the advent of new therapeutic developments for CDGs, the severity of skeletal complications may be reduced. This review focuses on possible mechanisms of skeletal manifestations, risk factors for osteoporosis, and bone markers in reported paediatric and adult CDG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Lipiński
- Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Karolina M. Stępień
- Adult Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford M6 8HD, UK;
| | - Elżbieta Ciara
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Tylki-Szymańska
- Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Jezela-Stanek
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland;
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Dubail J, Cormier-Daire V. Chondrodysplasias With Multiple Dislocations Caused by Defects in Glycosaminoglycan Synthesis. Front Genet 2021; 12:642097. [PMID: 34220933 PMCID: PMC8242584 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.642097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrodysplasias with multiple dislocations form a group of severe disorders characterized by joint laxity and multiple dislocations, severe short stature of pre- and post-natal onset, hand anomalies, and/or vertebral anomalies. The majority of chondrodysplasias with multiple dislocations have been associated with mutations in genes encoding glycosyltransferases, sulfotransferases, and transporters implicated in the synthesis or sulfation of glycosaminoglycans, long and unbranched polysaccharides composed of repeated disaccharide bond to protein core of proteoglycan. Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis is a tightly regulated process that occurs mainly in the Golgi and that requires the coordinated action of numerous enzymes and transporters as well as an adequate Golgi environment. Any disturbances of this chain of reactions will lead to the incapacity of a cell to construct correct glycanic chains. This review focuses on genetic and glycobiological studies of chondrodysplasias with multiple dislocations associated with glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis defects and related animal models. Strong comprehension of the molecular mechanisms leading to those disorders, mostly through extensive phenotypic analyses of in vitro and/or in vivo models, is essential for the development of novel biomarkers for clinical screenings and innovative therapeutics for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne Dubail
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Cormier-Daire
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Pour Les Maladies Osseuses Constitutionnelles, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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A mutation in SLC37A4 causes a dominantly inherited congenital disorder of glycosylation characterized by liver dysfunction. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:1040-1052. [PMID: 33964207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SLC37A4 encodes an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized multitransmembrane protein required for transporting glucose-6-phosphate (Glc-6P) into the ER. Once transported into the ER, Glc-6P is subsequently hydrolyzed by tissue-specific phosphatases to glucose and inorganic phosphate during times of glucose depletion. Pathogenic variants in SLC37A4 cause an established recessive disorder known as glycogen storage disorder 1b characterized by liver and kidney dysfunction with neutropenia. We report seven individuals who presented with liver dysfunction multifactorial coagulation deficiency and cardiac issues and were heterozygous for the same variant, c.1267C>T (p.Arg423∗), in SLC37A4; the affected individuals were from four unrelated families. Serum samples from affected individuals showed profound accumulation of both high mannose and hybrid type N-glycans, while N-glycans in fibroblasts and undifferentiated iPSC were normal. Due to the liver-specific nature of this disorder, we generated a CRISPR base-edited hepatoma cell line harboring the c.1267C>T (p.Arg423∗) variant. These cells replicated the secreted abnormalities seen in serum N-glycosylation, and a portion of the mutant protein appears to relocate to a distinct, non-Golgi compartment, possibly ER exit sites. These cells also show a gene dosage-dependent alteration in the Golgi morphology and reduced intraluminal pH that may account for the altered glycosylation. In summary, we identify a recurrent mutation in SLC37A4 that causes a dominantly inherited congenital disorder of glycosylation characterized by coagulopathy and liver dysfunction with abnormal serum N-glycans.
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Lipiński P, Cielecka-Kuszyk J, Czarnowska E, Bogdańska A, Socha P, Tylki-Szymańska A. Congenital disorders of glycosylation in children - Histopathological and ultrastructural changes in the liver. Pediatr Neonatol 2021; 62:278-283. [PMID: 33663989 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2021.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) result from defects in the synthesis of glycans and their attachment to proteins and lipids. Histologically, liver steatosis, fibrosis and cirrhosis have been reported in CDG. The aim of the study was to characterize the histopathological and ultrastructural liver changes in CDG patients hospitalized in our Institute, and to find the most characteristic features, as articles concerning the liver microscopic features in CDG are sparse. METHODS Out of 32 CDG patients diagnosed and followed-up in our Institute, the liver biopsy was performed in 4 of them, including 2 with MPI-CDG, 1 with SRD5A3-CDG, and 1 with PGM1-CDG, as a part of diagnostic process. In one patient, diagnosed post mortem with PMM2-CDG, the histopathological study comprised liver autopsy samples. RESULTS The most common histopathological liver finding was the presence of steatosis (4/5) of varying severity, the mixed macro- and microvesicular type as well as the foamy degeneration of hepatocytes. In two patients, liver steatosis was associated with fibrosis, stage 4 (cirrhosis) and 2 according to Batts and Ludwig classification, respectively. In two patients, besides steatosis, mild inflammatory infiltrates composed of lymphoid cells in portal tracts were observed. No correlation between the patient's age and histopathological features was observed. CONCLUSIONS The histopathological changes in the liver of CDG patients are miscellaneous; thus, based on the microscopic examination only, we can not identify (even suspect) the exact CDG. The most common histopathologic finding in our cohort of CDG patients was the presence of liver steatosis (of various severity) and foamy degeneration of hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Lipiński
- Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Elżbieta Czarnowska
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Bogdańska
- Department of Biochemistry, Radioimmunology and Experimental Medicine, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Socha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Feeding Disorders and Pediatrics, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Tylki-Szymańska
- Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
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Quelhas D, Martins E, Azevedo L, Bandeira A, Diogo L, Garcia P, Sequeira S, Ferreira AC, Teles EL, Rodrigues E, Fortuna AM, Mendonça C, Fernandes HC, Medeira A, Gaspar A, Janeiro P, Oliveira A, Laranjeira F, Ribeiro I, Souche E, Race V, Keldermans L, Matthijs G, Jaeken J. Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation in Portugal-Two Decades of Experience. J Pediatr 2021; 231:148-156. [PMID: 33340551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical, biochemical, and genetic features of both new and previously reported patients with congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs) diagnosed in Portugal over the last 20 years. STUDY DESIGN The cohort includes patients with an unexplained multisystem or single organ involvement, with or without psychomotor disability. Serum sialotransferrin isoforms and, whenever necessary, apolipoprotein CIII isoforms and glycan structures were analyzed. Additional studies included measurement of phosphomannomutase (PMM) activity and analysis of lipid-linked oligosaccharides in fibroblasts. Sanger sequencing and massive parallel sequencing were used to identify causal variants or the affected gene, respectively. RESULTS Sixty-three individuals were diagnosed covering 14 distinct CDGs; 43 patients diagnosed postnatally revealed a type 1, 14 a type 2, and 2 a normal pattern on serum transferrin isoelectrofocusing. The latter patients were identified by whole exome sequencing. Nine of them presented also a hypoglycosylation pattern on apolipoprotein CIII isoelectrofocusing, pointing to an associated O-glycosylation defect. Most of the patients (62%) are PMM2-CDG and the remaining carry pathogenic variants in ALG1, ATP6AP1, ATP6AP2, ATP6V0A2, CCDC115, COG1, COG4, DPAGT1, MAN1B1, SLC35A2, SRD5A3, RFT1, or PGM1. CONCLUSIONS Portuguese patients with CDGs are presented in this report, some of them showing unique clinical phenotypes. Among the 14 genes mutated in Portuguese individuals, 8 are shared with a previously reported Spanish cohort. However, regarding the mutational spectrum of PMM2-CDG, the most frequent CDG, a striking similarity between the 2 populations was found, as only 1 mutated allele found in the Portuguese group has not been reported in Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce Quelhas
- Unidade de Bioquímica Genética, Centro de Genética Médica, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS, UP, Porto, Portugal; Centro Referência Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Esmeralda Martins
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS, UP, Porto, Portugal; Centro Referência Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luísa Azevedo
- i3S- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Population Genetics and Evolution Group, Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; FCUP-Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Anabela Bandeira
- Centro Referência Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luísa Diogo
- Centro Referência Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula Garcia
- Centro Referência Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Sequeira
- Centro Referência Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Ferreira
- Centro Referência Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Elisa Leão Teles
- Centro Referência Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de S João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Esmeralda Rodrigues
- Centro Referência Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de S João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Fortuna
- Unidade de Genética Médica, Centro Genética Médica, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Mendonça
- Centro de Neuropediatria e Desenvolvimento, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | | | | | - Ana Gaspar
- Centro Referência Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Sta Maria, CHLN, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Janeiro
- Centro Referência Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Sta Maria, CHLN, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Anabela Oliveira
- Centro Referência Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Sta Maria, CHLN, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Francisco Laranjeira
- Unidade de Bioquímica Genética, Centro de Genética Médica, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS, UP, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isaura Ribeiro
- Unidade de Bioquímica Genética, Centro de Genética Médica, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS, UP, Porto, Portugal
| | - Erica Souche
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valérie Race
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Gert Matthijs
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jaak Jaeken
- Center for Metabolic Diseases, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Paprocka J, Jezela-Stanek A, Boguszewicz Ł, Sokół M, Lipiński P, Jamroz E, Emich-Widera E, Tylki-Szymańska A. The First Metabolome Analysis in Children with Epilepsy and ALG13-CDG Resulting from c.320A>G Variant. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:251. [PMID: 33807002 PMCID: PMC8004727 DOI: 10.3390/children8030251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ALG13-CDG belongs to the congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), which is an expanding group of multisystemic metabolic disorders caused by the N-linked, O-linked oligosaccharides, shared substrates, glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors, and dolichols pathways with high genetic heterogeneity. Thus, as far as clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and treatment are concerned, many questions are to be answered. Three individuals presented here may serve as a good example of clinical heterogeneity. This manuscript describes the first metabolomic analysis using NMR in three patients with epileptic encephalopathy due to the recurrent c.320A>G variant in ALG13, characterized to date only in about 60 individuals (mostly female). This is an important preliminary step in the understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease associated with this variant in the rare genetic condition. The disease is assumed to be a disorder of N-glycosylation given that this is the only known function of the ALG13 protein. Despite this, protein electrophoresis, which is abnormal in most conditions due to abnormalities in N-glycosylation, has been normal or only mildly abnormal in the ALG13 patients. METHODS Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in conjunction with multivariate and univariate modelling were used to analyze the metabolic profile of the blood serum samples acquired from the studied patients. RESULTS Three metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers: betaine, N-acetyl-glycoprotein, and carnitine. CONCLUSIONS Since presented data are the first to be collected so far, they need be verified in further studies. Our intention was to turn attention toward possible CDG-ALG13 laboratory markers that would have clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Paprocka
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (E.J.); (E.E.-W.)
| | - Aleksandra Jezela-Stanek
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Boguszewicz
- Department of Medical Physics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (Ł.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Sokół
- Department of Medical Physics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (Ł.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Patryk Lipiński
- Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland; (P.L.); (A.T.-S.)
| | - Ewa Jamroz
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (E.J.); (E.E.-W.)
| | - Ewa Emich-Widera
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (E.J.); (E.E.-W.)
| | - Anna Tylki-Szymańska
- Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland; (P.L.); (A.T.-S.)
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Papazoglu GM, Cubilla M, Pereyra M, de Kremer RD, Pérez B, Sturiale L, Asteggiano CG. Mass spectrometry glycophenotype characterization of ALG2-CDG in Argentinean patients with a new genetic variant in homozygosis. Glycoconj J 2021; 38:191-200. [PMID: 33644825 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-021-09976-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human ALG2 encodes an α 1,3mannosyltransferase that catalyzes the first steps in the synthesis of N-glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum. Variants in ALG2cause a congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) known as ALG2-CDG. Up to date, nine ALG2-CDG patients have been reported worldwide. ALG2-CDG is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder characterized by neurological involvement, convulsive syndrome of unknown origin, axial hypotonia, and mental and motor regression. In this study, we used MALDI-TOF MS to define both total serum protein and transferrin (Tf) N-glycan phenotypes in three ALG2-CDG patients carrying a c.752G > T, p.Arg251Leu ALG2 missense variant in homozygous state, as determined by exome sequencing. Comparing it to control samples, we have observed Tf under-occupancy of glycosylation site(s) typical of a defective N-glycan assembly and the occurrence of oligomannose and hybrid type N-glycans. Moreover, we have observed a slight oligomannose accumulation in total serum glyco-profiles. The increased heterogeneity of serum N-glycome in the studied patients suggests a marginal disarrangement of the glycan processing in ALG2-CDG. Previous studies reported on slightly increased concentrations of abnormal serum N-glycans in CDG-I due to defects in the mannosylation steps of dolichol-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis. This preliminary work aims at considering serum N-glycan accumulation of high mannosylated glycoforms, such as oligomannose and hybrid type N-glycans, as potential diagnostic signals for ALG2-CDG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Magali Papazoglu
- Centro de Estudio de las Metabolopatías Congénitas (CEMECO), Hospital de Niños de la Santísima Trinidad, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ferroviarios 1250, X5014AKN, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marisa Cubilla
- Centro de Estudio de las Metabolopatías Congénitas (CEMECO), Hospital de Niños de la Santísima Trinidad, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ferroviarios 1250, X5014AKN, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marcela Pereyra
- Servicio de Crecimiento y Desarrollo, Hospital Pediátrico HumbertoNotti, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Raquel Dodelson de Kremer
- Centro de Estudio de las Metabolopatías Congénitas (CEMECO), Hospital de Niños de la Santísima Trinidad, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ferroviarios 1250, X5014AKN, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Belén Pérez
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa CSIC-UAM, CIBERER, IdiPAZ, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luisa Sturiale
- CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB, Catania, Italy
| | - Carla Gabriela Asteggiano
- Centro de Estudio de las Metabolopatías Congénitas (CEMECO), Hospital de Niños de la Santísima Trinidad, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ferroviarios 1250, X5014AKN, Córdoba, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Carrera Medicina, Universidad Católica de Córdoba (UCC), Jacinto Ríos 571 (X5004ASK), B° General Paz, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Pettinato F, Mostile G, Battini R, Martinelli D, Madeo A, Biamino E, Frattini D, Garozzo D, Gasperini S, Parini R, Sirchia F, Sortino G, Sturiale L, Matthijs G, Morrone A, Di Rocco M, Rizzo R, Jaeken J, Fiumara A, Barone R. Clinical and radiological correlates of activities of daily living in cerebellar atrophy caused by PMM2 mutations (PMM2-CDG). THE CEREBELLUM 2021; 20:596-605. [PMID: 33619652 PMCID: PMC8360885 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-021-01242-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to identify clinical, molecular and radiological correlates of activities of daily living (ADL) in patients with cerebellar atrophy caused by PMM2 mutations (PMM2-CDG), the most frequent congenital disorder of glycosylation. Twenty-six PMM2-CDG patients (12 males; mean age 13 ± 11.1 years) underwent a standardized assessment to measure ADL, ataxia (brief ataxia rating scale, BARS) and phenotype severity (Nijmegen CDG rating scale, NCRS). MRI biometry of the cerebellum and the brainstem were performed in 23 patients (11 males; aged 5 months-18 years) and 19 control subjects with equal gender and age distributions. The average total ADL score was 15.3 ± 8.5 (range 3-32 out of 36 indicating severe functional disability), representing variable functional outcome in PMM2-CDG patients. Total ADL scores were significantly correlated with NCRS (r2 = 0.55, p < 0.001) and BARS scores (r2 = 0.764; p < 0.001). Severe intellectual disability, peripheral neuropathy, and severe PMM2 variants were all significantly associated with worse functional outcome. Higher ADL scores were significantly associated with decreased diameters of cerebellar vermis (r2 = 0.347; p = 0.004), hemispheres (r2 = 0.436; p = 0.005), and brainstem, particularly the mid-pons (r2 = 0.64; p < 0.001) representing the major radiological predictor of functional disability score in multivariate regression analysis. We show that cerebellar syndrome severity, cognitive level, peripheral neuropathy, and genotype correlate with ADL used to quantify disease-related deficits in PMM2-CDG. Brainstem involvement should be regarded among functional outcome predictors in patients with cerebellar atrophy caused by PMM2-CDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Pettinato
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Policlinico, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mostile
- Department “GF Ingrassia”, Section of Neurosciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Roberta Battini
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Diego Martinelli
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Pediatric Specialties, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Madeo
- Unit of Rare Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elisa Biamino
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniele Frattini
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Neurology Unit, Presidio Ospedaliero Provinciale Santa Maria Nuova Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Domenico Garozzo
- CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB, Catania, Italy
| | - Serena Gasperini
- Pediatric Rare Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, MBBM Foundation, ATS Monza e Brianza, Monza, Italy
| | - Rossella Parini
- Pediatric Rare Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, MBBM Foundation, ATS Monza e Brianza, Monza, Italy
| | - Fabio Sirchia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sortino
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Radiology Unit, Policlinico University Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Luisa Sturiale
- CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB, Catania, Italy
| | - Gert Matthijs
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amelia Morrone
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory of Neurometabolic Diseases, Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children’s Hospital, Florence, Italy
- Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maja Di Rocco
- Unit of Rare Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Renata Rizzo
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Policlinico, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Jaak Jaeken
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Centre for Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Agata Fiumara
- Pediatric Unit, Regional Referral Center for Inherited Metabolic Disease, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rita Barone
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Policlinico, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
- CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB, Catania, Italy
- Pediatric Unit, Regional Referral Center for Inherited Metabolic Disease, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Congenital disorders of glycosylation: Prevalence, incidence and mutational spectrum in the Polish population. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2021; 27:100726. [PMID: 33643843 PMCID: PMC7892981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2021.100726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The incidence and prevalence of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) have not been well established. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence, incidence and genotypes of CDG patients diagnosed during the last 23 years in Poland (1997 – 30th October 2020). Material and methods The diagnosis was based on serum Tf IEF which is performed at The Children's Memorial Health Institute (CMHI) in Warsaw. Based on demographic data, the prevalence of CDG among the Polish population in 2020 as well as the birth prevalence of CDG from 1990 to 2020 were estimated. Results 39 patients (from 35 families) with molecularly confirmed CDG were diagnosed, including 17 (44%) patients (from 16 families) with PMM2-CDG. The c.422G > A, p.Arg141His and c.691G > A, p.Val231Met pathogenic missense variants were the most common identified PMM2 variants. Eleven other patients were diagnosed with CDG based on serum Tf IEF analysis only; the molecular analysis is pending. Ten CDG patients died, including 6 with PMM2-CDG, 1 with PGM1-CDG and 1 with DPAGT1-CDG. The prevalence of CDG in the Polish population was estimated at approximately 1 per million while that of PMM2 at 0.4 per million. The annual incidence of CDG was estimated at 0.013 per 100,000 people in 2020. Conclusions A low frequence of CDG in our study could be underestimated.
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Paprocka J, Jezela-Stanek A, Tylki-Szymańska A, Grunewald S. Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation from a Neurological Perspective. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11010088. [PMID: 33440761 PMCID: PMC7827962 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Most plasma proteins, cell membrane proteins and other proteins are glycoproteins with sugar chains attached to the polypeptide-glycans. Glycosylation is the main element of the post-translational transformation of most human proteins. Since glycosylation processes are necessary for many different biological processes, patients present a diverse spectrum of phenotypes and severity of symptoms. The most frequently observed neurological symptoms in congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are: epilepsy, intellectual disability, myopathies, neuropathies and stroke-like episodes. Epilepsy is seen in many CDG subtypes and particularly present in the case of mutations in the following genes: ALG13, DOLK, DPAGT1, SLC35A2, ST3GAL3, PIGA, PIGW, ST3GAL5. On brain neuroimaging, atrophic changes of the cerebellum and cerebrum are frequently seen. Brain malformations particularly in the group of dystroglycanopathies are reported. Despite the growing number of CDG patients in the world and often neurological symptoms dominating in the clinical picture, the number of performed screening tests eg transferrin isoforms is systematically decreasing as broadened genetic testing is recently more favored. The aim of the review is the summary of selected neurological symptoms in CDG described in the literature in one paper. It is especially important for pediatric neurologists not experienced in the field of metabolic medicine. It may help to facilitate the diagnosis of this expanding group of disorders. Biochemically, this paper focuses on protein glycosylation abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Paprocka
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medical Science in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-606-415-888
| | - Aleksandra Jezela-Stanek
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Tylki-Szymańska
- Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, W 04-730 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Stephanie Grunewald
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Metabolic Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital and Institute of Child Health, University College London, London SE1 9RT, UK;
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Starosta RT, Boyer S, Tahata S, Raymond K, Lee HE, Wolfe LA, Lam C, Edmondson AC, Schwartz IVD, Morava E. Liver manifestations in a cohort of 39 patients with congenital disorders of glycosylation: pin-pointing the characteristics of liver injury and proposing recommendations for follow-up. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:20. [PMID: 33413482 PMCID: PMC7788939 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01630-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a heterogeneous group of rare metabolic diseases with multi-system involvement. The liver phenotype of CDG varies not only according to the specific disorder, but also from patient to patient. In this study, we sought to identify common patterns of liver injury among patients with a broad spectrum of CDG, and to provide recommendations for follow-up in clinical practice. Methods Patients were enrolled in the Frontiers in Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation natural history study. We analyzed clinical history, molecular genetics, serum markers of liver injury, liver ultrasonography and transient elastography, liver histopathology (when available), and clinical scores of 39 patients with 16 different CDG types (PMM2-CDG, n = 19), with a median age of 7 years (range: 10 months to 65 years). For patients with disorders which are treatable by specific interventions, we have added a description of liver parameters on treatment. Results Our principal findings are (1) there is a clear pattern in the evolution of the hepatocellular injury markers alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase according to age, especially in PMM2-CDG patients but also in other CDG-I, and that the cholangiocellular injury marker gamma-glutamyltransferase is not elevated in most patients, pointing to an exclusive hepatocellular origin of injury; (2) there is a dissociation between liver ultrasound and transient elastography regarding signs of liver fibrosis; (3) histopathological findings in liver tissue of PMM2-CDG patients include cytoplasmic glycogen deposits; and (4) most CDG types show more than one type of liver injury.
Conclusions Based on these findings, we recommend that all CDG patients have regular systematic, comprehensive screening for liver disease, including physical examination (for hepatomegaly and signs of liver failure), laboratory tests (serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase), liver ultrasound (for steatosis and liver tumors), and liver elastography (for fibrosis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Tzovenos Starosta
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. .,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Suzanne Boyer
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Shawn Tahata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kimiyo Raymond
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hee Eun Lee
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lynne A Wolfe
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christina Lam
- Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Center of Integrated Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew C Edmondson
- Section of Biochemical Genetics, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ida Vanessa Doederlein Schwartz
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Service of Medical Genetics, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eva Morava
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Bogdańska A, Lipiński P, Szymańska-Rożek P, Jezela-Stanek A, Rokicki D, Socha P, Tylki-Szymańska A. Clinical, biochemical and molecular phenotype of congenital disorders of glycosylation: long-term follow-up. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:17. [PMID: 33407696 PMCID: PMC7789416 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01657-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) result from defects in the synthesis of glycans and the attachment of glycans to proteins and lipids. Our study aimed to describe the clinical, biochemical, and molecular findings of CDG patients, and to present the long-term follow-up. Material and methods A single-center study (1995–2019 years) of patients with congenital disorders of N-glycosylation and combined N- and O-hypoglycosylation was performed. Results Among 32 patients included into the study, there were 12 PMM2-CDG, 3 ALG13-CDG, 3 ALG1-CDG, 1 ALG3-CDG, 3 MPI-CDG, 1 PGM1-CDG, 4 SRD5A3-CDG, 1 DPAGT1-CDG, 3 ATP6AP1-CDG, 1 ATP6V0A2-CDG. The phenotypic and genotypic spectrum during long-term (in some cases over 20 years) observation was characterised and several measurements of serum Tf isoforms taken. Statistical analysis revealed strong negative correlation between asialo-Tf and tetrasialo-Tf, as well as between disialo-Tf and tetrasialo-Tf. Within CDG type I, no difference in % Tf isoforms was revealed between PMM2-CDG and non-PMM2-CDG patients. However, these two groups differed significantly in such diagnostic features as: cerebellar ataxia, failure to thrive, hypothyroidism, pericardial effusion, cardiomyopathy, inverted nipples, prolonged INR. The effect of treatment with mannose in 2 patients with MPI-CDG was assessed and we found that % of asialo-Tf, monosialo-Tf, and disialo-Tf was significantly lowered, whereas tetrasialo-Tf and pentasialo-Tf rose, coming closer or falling into the reference range. Conclusions The novel finding was an abnormal Tf IEF pattern in two ALG13-CDG patients and normal in one ALG1-CDG patient. Clinical manifestation of presented CDG patients was similar to that reported in the literature. Mannose supplementation in MPI-CDG patients, as well as galactose supplementation in PGM1-CDG patient, improved patients’ clinical picture and Tf isoform profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bogdańska
- Department of Biochemistry, Radioimmunology and Experimental Medicine, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patryk Lipiński
- Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Aleksandra Jezela-Stanek
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Rokicki
- Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Socha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Feeding Difficulties and Pediatrics, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Tylki-Szymańska
- Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
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Lipiński P, Bogdańska A, Socha P, Tylki-Szymańska A. Liver Involvement in Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation and Deglycosylation. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:696918. [PMID: 34291020 PMCID: PMC8286991 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.696918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) and NGLY1-CDDG (NGLY1-congenital disorder of deglycosylation) usually represent multisystem (especially neurovisceral) diseases with liver involvement reported in some of them. The aim of the study was to characterize the liver phenotype in CDG and NGLY1-CDDG patients hospitalized in our Institute, and to find the most specific features of liver disease among them. Material and Methods: The study involved 39 patients (from 35 families) with CDG, and two patients (from two families) with NGLY1-CDDG, confirmed molecularly, for whom detailed characteristics of liver involvement were available. They were enrolled based on the retrospective analysis of their medical records. Results: At the time of the first consultation, 13/32 patients were diagnosed with hepatomegaly; none of them with splenomegaly. As many as 23/32 persons had elevated serum transaminases, including 16 (70%) who had mildly elevated levels. During the long-term follow-up (available for 19 patients), serum transaminases normalized in 15/19 (79%) of them, including a spontaneous normalization in 12/15 (80%) of them. The GGT activity was observed to be normal in all study cases. Protein C, protein S and antithrombin activities in plasma were observed in 16 patients, and they were decreased in all of them. Conclusions: It is necessary to conduct a long-term follow-up of liver disease in CDG to obtain comprehensive data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Lipiński
- Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Bogdańska
- Department of Biochemistry, Radioimmunology and Experimental Medicine, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Socha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Feeding Difficulties and Pediatrics, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Tylki-Szymańska
- Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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Lipiński P, Tylki-Szymańska A. Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation: What Clinicians Need to Know? Front Pediatr 2021; 9:715151. [PMID: 34540767 PMCID: PMC8446601 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.715151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a group of clinically heterogeneous disorders characterized by defects in the synthesis of glycans and their attachment to proteins and lipids. This manuscript aims to provide a classification of the clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and treatment of CDG based on the literature review and our own experience (referral center in Poland). A diagnostic algorithm for CDG was also proposed. Isoelectric focusing (IEF) of serum transferrin (Tf) is still the method of choice for diagnosing N-glycosylation disorders associated with sialic acid deficiency. Nowadays, high-performance liquid chromatography, capillary zone electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry techniques are used, although they are not routinely available. Since next-generation sequencing became more widely available, an improvement in diagnostics has been observed, with more patients and novel CDG subtypes being reported. Early and accurate diagnosis of CDG is crucial for timely implementation of appropriate therapies and improving clinical outcomes. However, causative treatment is available only for few CDG types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Lipiński
- Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Tylki-Szymańska
- Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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