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Ide T, Koyama A. The formation of a rolling larval chamber as the unique structural gall of a new species of cynipid gall wasps. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18149. [PMID: 37903850 PMCID: PMC10616116 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43641-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Insect galls, which often have complex external and internal structures, are believed to have adaptive significance for the survival of insects inside galls. A unique internal structure was discovered in the gall of a new cynipid species, Belizinella volutum Ide & Koyama, sp. nov., where the larval chamber could roll freely in the internal air space of the gall. Observations of the live galls using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) revealed its formation process. The larval chamber becomes isolated from the internal parenchyma soon after the gall reaches the maximum diameter and is able to roll as the internal air space is expanding from the surrounding parenchyma to the outer gall wall. The enemy hypothesis could partly explain the adaptive significance of the unique structure of the gall of B. volutum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Ide
- Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Asuka Koyama
- Center for Biodiversity and Climate Change, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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2
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Lin X, Song N. The First Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Genus Pachycondyla (Formicidae, Ponerinae) and Insights into the Phylogeny of Ants. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1528. [PMID: 37628580 PMCID: PMC10454067 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ants are the standout group among eusocial insects in terms of their exceptional species richness and ecological dominance. The phylogenetic relationships among the group remain elusive. Mitochondrial genome sequences, as a kind of molecular marker, have been widely utilized in the phylogenetic analysis of insects. However, the number of ant mitogenomes published is still very limited. In this study, we utilized next-generation sequencing to determine the complete mitogenome of Pachycondyla annamita (Formicidae, Ponerinae). This is the first mitogenome from the genus Pachycondyla. Two gene rearrangements were identified in the mitogenome, the transposition of trnQ and trnM and the transposition of trnV and rrnS. The secondary structures of tRNAs were predicted. The tRNA genes trnR and trnS1 lacked the dihydrouridine (DHU) arm, and the trnE lacked the TΨC (T) arm. Phylogenetic analyses of the mitochondrial protein-coding genes under maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) criteria resulted in conflicting hypotheses. BI analysis using amino acid data with the site-heterogeneous mixture model produced a tree topology congruent with previous studies. The Formicidae was subdivided into two main clades, namely the "poneroid" clade and the "formicoid" clade. A sister group relationship between Myrmicinae and Formicinae was recovered within the "formicoid" clade.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nan Song
- Henan International Laboratory for Green Pest Control, Henan Engineering Laboratory of Pest Biological Control, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
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3
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Guo M, Yuan C, Tao L, Cai Y, Zhang W. Life barcoded by DNA barcodes. CONSERV GENET RESOUR 2022; 14:351-365. [PMID: 35991367 PMCID: PMC9377290 DOI: 10.1007/s12686-022-01291-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The modern concept of DNA-based barcoding for cataloguing biodiversity was proposed in 2003 by first adopting an approximately 600 bp fragment of the mitochondrial COI gene to compare via nucleotide alignments with known sequences from specimens previously identified by taxonomists. Other standardized regions meeting barcoding criteria then are also evolving as DNA barcodes for fast, reliable and inexpensive assessment of species composition across all forms of life, including animals, plants, fungi, bacteria and other microorganisms. Consequently, global DNA barcoding campaigns have resulted in the formation of many online workbenches and databases, such as BOLD system, as barcode references, and facilitated the development of mini-barcodes and metabarcoding strategies as important extensions of barcode techniques. Here we intend to give an overview of the characteristics and features of these barcode markers and major reference libraries existing for barcoding the planet’s life, as well as to address the limitations and opportunities of DNA barcodes to an increasingly broader community of science and society.
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4
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Sheard JK, Sanders NJ, Gundlach C, Schär S, Larsen RS. Monitoring the influx of new species through citizen science: the first introduced ant in Denmark. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8850. [PMID: 32296601 PMCID: PMC7150537 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change and invasive species threaten biodiversity, yet rigorous monitoring of their impact can be costly. Citizen science is increasingly used as a tool for monitoring exotic species, because citizens are geographically and temporally dispersed, whereas scientists tend to cluster in museums and at universities. Here we report on the establishment of the first exotic ant taxon (Tetramorium immigrans) in Denmark, which was discovered by children participating in The Ant Hunt. The Ant Hunt is a citizen science project for children that we ran in 2017 and 2018, with a pilot study in 2015. T. immigrans was discovered in the Botanical Garden of the Natural History Museum of Denmark in 2015 and confirmed as established in 2018. This finding extends the northern range boundary of T. immigrans by almost 460 km. Using climatic niche modelling, we compared the climatic niche of T. immigrans in Europe with that of T. caespitum based on confirmed observations from 2006 to 2019. T. immigrans and T. caespitum had a 13% niche overlap, with T. immigrans showing stronger occurrence in warmer and drier areas compared to T. caespitum. Mapping the environmental niches onto geographic space identified several, currently uninhabited, areas as climatically suitable for the establishment of T. immigrans. Tetramorium immigrans was sampled almost three times as often in areas with artificial surfaces compared to T. caespitum, suggesting that T. immigrans may not be native to all of Europe and is being accidentally introduced by humans. Overall, citizen scientists collected data on ants closer to cities and harbours than scientists did and had a stronger bias towards areas of human disturbance. This increased sampling effort in areas of likely introduction of exotic species naturally increases the likelihood of discovering species sooner, making citizen science an excellent tool for exotic species monitoring, as long as trained scientists are involved in the identification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie K Sheard
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nathan J Sanders
- Environmental Program, Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Carsten Gundlach
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Rasmus Stenbak Larsen
- Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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5
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Ramalho MO, Martins C, Silva LMR, Martins VG, Bueno OC. Molecular Profile of the Brazilian Weaver Ant Camponotus textor Forel (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 45:463-470. [PMID: 27116002 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-016-0392-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Camponotus textor Forel is, to date, the only weaver ant recorded from Brazil, and all existing studies on the species are restricted to describing its weaving and nesting behaviors. The aim of this work is to establish the molecular profile of the species. We sampled eight different colonies by sequencing mitochondrial genes (COI, transfer DNA (tRNA), and an intergenic spacer) and the nuclear gene 28S ribosomal DNA (rDNA). We then assessed haplotype diversity and also analyzed distribution patterns of this species based on the correlation between genetic and geographic distances. Our results provide an additional tool for species identification by identifying new regions that can be used as molecular markers for barcoding (such as the intergenic spacer (IGS) and tRNA-Leu). In addition, the phylogenetic analysis revealed that C. textor has features that could be associated with deep population divergences. We identified a wide range of mitotypes and three distinct groups, suggesting a possible reduction of gene flow between colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Ramalho
- Univ Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" UNESP, Av. 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil.
| | - C Martins
- Univ Federal do Piauí, Parnaíba, PI, Brasil
| | - L M R Silva
- Univ Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" UNESP, Av. 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil
| | - V G Martins
- Univ Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" UNESP, Av. 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil
| | - O C Bueno
- Univ Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" UNESP, Av. 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil
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Kurushima H, Yoshimura J, Kim JK, Kim JK, Nishimoto Y, Sayama K, Kato M, Watanabe K, Hasegawa E, Roff DA, Shimizu A. Co-occurrence of ecologically equivalent cryptic species of spider wasps. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2016; 3:160119. [PMID: 27853590 PMCID: PMC5108940 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Many cryptic species have been discovered in various taxonomic groups based on molecular phylogenetic analyses and mating experiments. Some sympatric cryptic species share equivalent resources, which contradicts the competitive exclusion principle. Two major theories have been proposed to explain the apparent lack of competitive exclusion, i.e. niche-based coexistence and neutral model, but a conclusive explanation is lacking. Here, we report the co-occurrence of cryptic spider wasp species appearing to be ecologically equivalent. Molecular phylogenetic analyses and mating experiments revealed that three phylogenetically closely related species are found sympatrically in Japan. These species share the same resources for larval food, and two of the species have the same niche for nesting sites, indicating a lack of competitive exclusion. This evidence may suggest that ecologically equivalent species can co-occur stably if their shared resources are sufficiently abundant that they cannot be over-exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kurushima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Jin Yoshimura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, and Department of Mathematical and Systems Engineering, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
- Marine Biosystems Research Center, Chiba University, Kamogawa, Chiba 299-5502, Japan
| | - Jeong-Kyu Kim
- Bureau of Ecological Research, National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon, Chungcheongnam, 33657, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Kuk Kim
- Department of Forest Environment Protection, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Katsuhiko Sayama
- Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8516, Japan
| | - Manabu Kato
- 2-2-B205 Hirafuku, Tsuyama, Okayama 708-0872, Japan
| | - Kenta Watanabe
- Science and Technology Division, Okinawa College, National Institute of Technology, Nago, Okinawa 905-2192, Japan
- Department of Botany, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - Eisuke Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Systematics, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Derek A. Roff
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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7
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Esteves FA, Fisher BL. Taxonomic revision of Stigmatomma Roger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Malagasy region. Biodivers Data J 2016; 4:e8032. [PMID: 27433124 PMCID: PMC4934140 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.4.e8032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we present the first taxonomic revision of the ant genus Stigmatomma in the Malagasy biogeographic region, re-describe the previously known S. besucheti Baroni-Urbani, and describe seven new species to science (S. bolabola sp. n., S. irayhady sp. n., S. janovitsika sp. n., S. liebe sp. n., S. roahady sp. n., S. sakalava sp. n., and S. tsyhady sp. n.). The revision is based on the worker caste, but we provide brief descriptions of gynes and males for some species. Species descriptions, diagnosis, character discussion, identification key, and glossary are illustrated with 360 high-quality montage and SEM images. The distribution of Stigmatomma species in Madagascar are mapped and discussed within the context of the island's biomes and ecoregions. We also discuss how some morphometric variables describe the differences among the species in the bioregion. Open science is supported by providing access to R scripts, raw measurement data, and all specimen data used. All specimens used in this study were given unique identifies, and holotypes were imaged. Specimens and images are made accessible on AntWeb.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia A. Esteves
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Brian L. Fisher
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, United States of America
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8
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Ide T, Kanzaki N, Ohmura W, Okabe K. Molecular Identification of an Invasive Wood-Boring Insect Lyctus brunneus (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae: Lyctinae) Using Frass by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification and Nested PCR Assays. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 109:1410-1414. [PMID: 27018442 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lyctus brunneus (Stephens) is one of the most destructive and worldwide invasive pests of seasoned woods for wooden products. This and other pest Lyctus species have had their distribution expanded by international and domestic human transportation of infested wood and wood products. Rapid detection and accurate identification of Lyctus species are effective tools for helping to eradicate them in new introduction sites. The accurate species-level identification of adults requires expert knowledge about their morphology. However, it takes much time and effort to recover suitable adult specimens because they are borers inside wood. Frass of Lyctus species can easily be detected and recovered in and around infested wood. Thus, frass was tested to see if it was a suitable sample to allow development of a rapid and technically easy molecular detection and identification method for L.brunneus. Species-specific primers were designed from the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I region of L.brunneus and used in development and testing of methods for successfully identifying them from their frass using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) or species-specific nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. The LAMP assay was faster and more sensitive for detecting the presence of DNA derived from L.brunneus in their frass than the nested PCR assay. These methodologies will be applicable for the rapid detection and identification of other wood-boring invasive pests in regulatory applications.
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Phylogeography in Response to Reproductive Strategies and Ecogeographic Isolation in Ant Species on Madagascar: Genus Mystrium (Formicidae: Amblyoponinae). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146170. [PMID: 26800442 PMCID: PMC4723042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The bulk of models used to understand the species diversification on Madagascar have been constructed using vertebrate taxa. It is not clear how these models affect less vagile species that may interact at a variety of spatial scales. Several studies on vertebrates have divided Madagascar into east-west bioclimatic regions, suggesting there is a fundamental division between eastern wet-adapted and western dry-adapted taxa. An alternative model of ecogeographic constraints shows a north-south division. We test whether the diversification in a small arthropod with variable degrees of dispersal conform to either model of ecogeographic constraints proposed for vertebrate taxa. We employ a molecular taxonomic dataset using ~2 kilobases nuDNA (Wg, LW Rh, Abd-A, 28s) and 790 basepairs mtDNA (CO1), along with geographic and habitat data, to examine the diversification patterns of the ant genus Mystrium Roger, 1862, (Subfamily Amblyoponinae) from Madagascar. The nuclear and mitochondrial phylogenies were both congruent with morphospecies as indicated in a recent revision of the genus. Species of Mystrium practice different colony reproductive strategies (winged queens vs non-winged queens). Alternate reproductive strategies led to inequalities in female dispersal ability among species, providing an additional layer for examination of the impacts of vagility on divergence, especially when measured using a maternally inherited locus. Mystrium species distribution patterns support these models of ecogeographic constraints. Reproductive strategy effected how Mystrium mtDNA lineages were associated with large-scale habitat distinctions and various topographical features. Furthermore, in some cases we find microgeographic population structure which appears to have been impacted by localized habitat differences (tsingy limestone formations, littoral forest) on a scale much smaller than that found in vertebrates. The current system offers a finer scale look at species diversification on the island, and helps achieve a more universal understanding of the generation of biodiversity on Madagascar.
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Paknia O, Bergmann T, Hadrys H. Some ‘ant’swers: Application of a layered barcode approach to problems in ant taxonomy. Mol Ecol Resour 2015; 15:1262-74. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omid Paknia
- Institut für Tierökologie und Zellbiologie; Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | - Tjard Bergmann
- Institut für Tierökologie und Zellbiologie; Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | - Heike Hadrys
- Institut für Tierökologie und Zellbiologie; Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover; Hannover Germany
- EEB; Yale University; New Haven Connecticut 06511 USA
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics; American Museum of Natural History; New York New York 10024 USA
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip S. Ward
- Department of Entomology & Nematology, and Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616;
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12
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Yoshimura M, Fisher BL. A revision of the ant genus Mystrium in the Malagasy region with description of six new species and remarks on Amblyopone and Stigmatomma (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Amblyoponinae). Zookeys 2014:1-99. [PMID: 24715784 PMCID: PMC3978267 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.394.6446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Mystrium is revised for the Malagasy region. Six species, Mystrium barrybresslerisp. n., Mystrium labyrinthsp. n., Mystrium equessp. n., Mystrium mirrorsp. n., Mystrium shadowsp. n., and Mystrium janovitzisp. n. are described as new. Two existing names, Mystrium fallax Forel and Mystrium stadelmanni Forel, are synonymized with Mystrium voeltzkowi Forel and Mystrium mysticum Roger, respectively. All recognized species, including species outside of the Malagasy region, are assigned to one of the three newly proposed species groups. The associations between existing names and males are reexamined, and males of eight of the ten Malagasy species are described or redescribed. The taxonomic history of Mystrium highlights the importance of using unique identifiers when designating type specimens and the use of deposited vouchers in phylogenetic and ecological studies. Keys to species for workers, queens, and males are provided. Furthermore, a neotype for Mystrium mysticum is designated, as well as lectotypes for Mystrium camillae Emery, Mystrium rogeri Forel, Mystrium fallax Forel, Mystrium oberthueri Forel, Mystrium stadelmanni Forel, and Mystrium voeltzkowi Forel. Stigmatomma gingivale (Brown) is reassigned to Amblyopone as comb. rev. and Amblyopone awa Xu & Chu, Amblyopone kangba Xu & Chu, Amblyopone meiliana Xu & Chu, and Amblyopone zomae Xu & Chu are transferred to the genus Stigmatomma as comb. n.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Yoshimura
- Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, California 94118, U.S.A
| | - Brian L Fisher
- Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, California 94118, U.S.A
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Moreau CS, Bell CD. TESTING THE MUSEUM VERSUS CRADLE TROPICAL BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY HYPOTHESIS: PHYLOGENY, DIVERSIFICATION, AND ANCESTRAL BIOGEOGRAPHIC RANGE EVOLUTION OF THE ANTS. Evolution 2013; 67:2240-57. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corrie S. Moreau
- Department of Zoology; Field Museum of Natural History; 1400 South Lake Shore Drive Chicago Illinois 60605
| | - Charles D. Bell
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of New Orleans; 2000 Lakeshore Drive New Orleans Louisiana 70148
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14
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Rougerie R, Naumann S, Nässig WA. Morphology and molecules reveal unexpected cryptic diversity in the enigmatic genus Sinobirma Bryk, 1944 (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). PLoS One 2012; 7:e43920. [PMID: 23028478 PMCID: PMC3446977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The wild silkmoth genus Sinobirma Bryk, 1944 is a poorly known monotypic taxon from the eastern end of the Himalaya Range. It was convincingly proposed to be closely related to some members of an exclusively Afro-tropical group of Saturniidae, but its biogeographical and evolutionary history remains enigmatic. After examining recently collected material from Tibet, northern India, and northeastern Myanmar, we realized that this unique species, S. malaisei Bryk, 1944 only known so far from a few specimens and from a very restricted area near the border between north-eastern Myanmar and the Yunnan province of China, may in fact belong to a group of closely related cryptic species. In this work, we combined morphological comparative study, DNA barcoding, and the sequences of a nuclear marker (D2 expansion segment of the 28S rRNA gene) to unequivocally delimit three distinct species in the genus Sinobirma, of which two are described as new to science: S. myanmarensis sp. n. and S. bouyeri sp. n. An informative DNA barcode sequence was obtained from the female holotype of S. malaisei—collected in 1934—ensuring the proper assignation of this name to the newly collected and studied specimens. Our findings represent another example of the potential of coupling traditional taxonomy and DNA barcoding for revealing and solving difficult cases of cryptic diversity. This approach is now being generalized to the world fauna of Saturniidae, with the participation of most of the taxonomists studying these moths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolphe Rougerie
- Laboratoire d'Écologie, Université de Rouen, Mont Saint Aignan, France.
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15
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Barden P, Grimaldi D. Rediscovery of the Bizarre Cretaceous AntHaidomyrmexDlussky (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with Two New Species. AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES 2012. [DOI: 10.1206/3755.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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16
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Yoshimura M, Fisher BL. A revision of male ants of the Malagasy Amblyoponinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with resurrections of the genera Stigmatomma and Xymmer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33325. [PMID: 22496722 PMCID: PMC3320654 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In a male-based revision of ants of the subfamily Amblyoponinae from the Southwest Indian Ocean islands (SWIO: Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mayotte, Reunion, and Seychelles), we explore and reconsider male morphological characters that distinguish genera within the group. Our investigation redefines Amblyopone Erichson sensu Brown (1960), here referred to as Amblyopone sensu lato, into three genera: Xymmer Santschi stat. rev.,Amblyopone sensu stricto, Stigmatomma Roger stat. rev. All species names under Amblyopone s. l. reassign into Xymmer and Amblyopone s. s., which are small, well-defined genera, and Stigmatomma, a large group with a generic delimitation that still needs further refinement. Based on a study of male mandible characters and our scenario for mandibular evolution of the worker caste within Amblyopone s. l, we conclude that Amblyopone s. s. nests outside of XMAS (Xymmer+Mystrium+Adetomyrma+Stigmatomma) clade. The following names are transferred from Amblyopone s. l. to Xymmer as comb. rev.: muticus. The following names are transferred from Amblyopone s. l. to Stigmatomma as comb. rev.: amblyops, armigerum, bellii, bierigi, bruni, celata, chilense, denticulatum, elongatum, emeryi, feae, impressifrons, luzonicum, minuta, normandi, oregonense, pallipes, quadratum, reclinatum, rothneyi, santschii, saundersi, silvestrii, zwaluwenburgi; as comb. nov.: agostii, annae, besucheti, boltoni, caliginosum, cleae, crenatum, degeneratum, egregium, electrinum, eminia, exiguum, falcatum, ferrugineum, fulvidum, gaetulicum, gingivalis, glauerti, gnoma, gracile, groehni, heraldoi, lucidum, lurilabes, monrosi, mystriops, noonadan, octodentatum, ophthalmicum, orizabanum, papuanum, pertinax, pluto, punctulatum, rubiginoum, sakaii, smithi, trigonignathum, trilobum, wilsoni, zaojun, and testaceum. A male-based key to the genera of Malagasy amblyoponine ants, their diagnoses, and a discussion of the evolution of the morphological character of males in the subfamily are given, and the distinguishing characters of each are illustrated. In addition, our results predict that Paraprionopelta belongs in the XMAS clade and that Concoctio should have males with two mandibular teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Yoshimura
- Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, United States of America.
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Rougerie R, Haxaire J, Kitching IJ, Hebert PDN. DNA barcodes and morphology reveal a hybrid hawkmoth in Tahiti (Lepidoptera : Sphingidae). INVERTEBR SYST 2012. [DOI: 10.1071/is12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Interspecific hybridisation is a rare but widespread phenomenon identified as a potential complicating factor for the identification of species through DNA barcoding. Hybrids can, however, also deceive morphology-based taxonomy, resulting in the description of invalid species based on hybrid specimens. As the result of an unexpected case of discordance between barcoding results and current morphology-based taxonomy, we discovered an example of such a hybrid ‘species’ in hawkmoths. By combining barcodes, morphology and a nuclear marker, we show that Gnathothlibus collardi Haxaire, 2002 is actually an F1 hybrid between two closely related species that co-occur on Tahiti. In accordance with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the taxon G. collardi is thus invalid as a species. This study demonstrates the potential of DNA barcodes to detect overlooked hybrid taxa. With the growth of sequence libraries, we anticipate that more unsuspected hybrid species will be detected, particularly among those taxa that are very rare, such as those known from only the type specimen.
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Keller RA. A Phylogenetic Analysis of Ant Morphology (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with Special Reference to the Poneromorph Subfamilies. BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 2011. [DOI: 10.1206/355.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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JANSEN GUNTHER, SAVOLAINEN RIITTA. Molecular phylogeny of the ant tribe Myrmicini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zool J Linn Soc 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00604.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Shokralla S, Singer GAC, Hajibabaei M. Direct PCR amplification and sequencing of specimens' DNA from preservative ethanol. Biotechniques 2010; 48:233-4. [DOI: 10.2144/000113362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA extraction is the first step in many molecular biology protocols. However, we hypothesized that DNA from a preserved specimen can leak into its preservative medium, allowing the medium itself to be directly PCR amplified. We successfully tested this idea on mescal—the alcoholic beverage famous for the “worm” (a caterpillar) that is placed in the bottle of many brands—and indeed obtained amplifiable quantities of caterpillar DNA. We then successfully amplified and sequenced DNA from the 95% ethanol preservative of 70 freshly collected specimens and 7 archival specimens 7–10 years old. These results suggest that DNA extraction is a superfluous step in many protocols and that preservative ethanol can be used as a source of genetic material for non-invasive sampling or when no tissue specimen is left for further DNA analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Shokralla
- Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory A. C. Singer
- Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mehrdad Hajibabaei
- Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Smith MA, Fisher BL. Invasions, DNA barcodes, and rapid biodiversity assessment using ants of Mauritius. Front Zool 2009; 6:31. [PMID: 20003263 PMCID: PMC2804717 DOI: 10.1186/1742-9994-6-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using an understudied taxon (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) found on a tropical island (Mauritius) where native flora and fauna have been threatened by 400 years of habitat modification and introduced species, we tested whether estimated incidences of diversity and complementarity were similar when measured by standard morphological alpha-taxonomy or phylogenetic diversity (PD) based on a standardized mitochondrial barcode and corroborating nuclear marker. RESULTS We found that costs related to site loss (considered loss of evolutionary history measured as loss of barcode PD) were not significantly different from predictions made either a) using standard morphology-based taxonomy, or b) measured using a nuclear marker. Integrating morphology and barcode results permitted us to identify a case of initially morphologically-cryptic variation as a new and endemic candidate species. However, barcode estimates of the relative importance of each site or network of sites were dramatically affected when the species in question was known to be indigenous or introduced. CONCLUSION This study goes beyond a mere demonstration of the rapid gains possible for diversity assessment using a standardized DNA barcode. Contextualization of these gains with ecological and natural history information is necessary to calibrate this wealth of standardized information. Without such an integrative approach, critical opportunities to advance knowledge will be missed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alex Smith
- Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Brian L Fisher
- Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, USA
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MOLET MATHIEU, FISHER BRIANL, ITO FUMINORI, PEETERS CHRISTIAN. Shift from independent to dependent colony foundation and evolution of ‘multi-purpose’ ergatoid queens in Mystrium ants (subfamily Amblyoponinae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2009.01257.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Rabeling C, Brown JM, Verhaagh M. Newly discovered sister lineage sheds light on early ant evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:14913-7. [PMID: 18794530 PMCID: PMC2567467 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0806187105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ants are the world's most conspicuous and important eusocial insects and their diversity, abundance, and extreme behavioral specializations make them a model system for several disciplines within the biological sciences. Here, we report the discovery of a new ant that appears to represent the sister lineage to all extant ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The phylogenetic position of this cryptic predator from the soils of the Amazon rainforest was inferred from several nuclear genes, sequenced from a single leg. Martialis heureka (gen. et sp. nov.) also constitutes the sole representative of a new, morphologically distinct subfamily of ants, the Martialinae (subfam. nov.). Our analyses have reduced the likelihood of long-branch attraction artifacts that have troubled previous phylogenetic studies of early-diverging ants and therefore solidify the emerging view that the most basal extant ant lineages are cryptic, hypogaeic foragers. On the basis of morphological and phylogenetic evidence we suggest that these specialized subterranean predators are the sole surviving representatives of a highly divergent lineage that arose near the dawn of ant diversification and have persisted in ecologically stable environments like tropical soils over great spans of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rabeling
- Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, 1 University Station C0930, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Fisher BL, Smith MA. A revision of Malagasy species of Anochetus mayr and Odontomachus latreille (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). PLoS One 2008; 3:e1787. [PMID: 18509544 PMCID: PMC2387237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2007] [Accepted: 02/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Species inventories are essential for documenting global diversity and generating necessary material for taxonomic study and conservation planning. However, for inventories to be immediately relevant, the taxonomic process must reduce the time to describe and identify specimens. To address these concerns for the inventory of arthropods across the Malagasy region, we present here a collaborative approach to taxonomy where collectors, morphologists and DNA barcoders using cytochrome c oxidase 1 (CO1) participate collectively in a team-driven taxonomic process. We evaluate the role of DNA barcoding as a tool to accelerate species identification and description. This revision is primarily based on arthropod surveys throughout the Malagasy region from 1992 to 2006. The revision is based on morphological and CO1 DNA barcode analysis of 500 individuals. In the region, five species of Anochetus (A. boltonisp. nov., A. goodmanisp. nov., A. grandidieri, and A. madagascarensis from Madagascar, and A. pattersonisp. nov. from Seychelles) and three species of Odontomachus (O. coquereli, O. troglodytes and O. simillimus) are recognized. DNA barcoding (using cytochrome c oxidase 1 (CO1)) facilitated caste association and type designation, and highlighted population structure associated with reproductive strategy, biogeographic and evolutionary patterns for future exploration. This study provides an example of collaborative taxonomy, where morphology is combined with DNA barcoding. We demonstrate that CO1 DNA barcoding is a practical tool that allows formalized alpha-taxonomy at a speed, detail, precision, and scale unattainable by employing morphology alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L. Fisher
- Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - M. Alex Smith
- Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Page RDM. Biodiversity informatics: the challenge of linking data and the role of shared identifiers. Brief Bioinform 2008; 9:345-54. [PMID: 18445641 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbn022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A major challenge facing biodiversity informatics is integrating data stored in widely distributed databases. Initial efforts have relied on taxonomic names as the shared identifier linking records in different databases. However, taxonomic names have limitations as identifiers, being neither stable nor globally unique, and the pace of molecular taxonomic and phylogenetic research means that a lot of information in public sequence databases is not linked to formal taxonomic names. This review explores the use of other identifiers, such as specimen codes and GenBank accession numbers, to link otherwise disconnected facts in different databases. The structure of these links can also be exploited using the PageRank algorithm to rank the results of searches on biodiversity databases. The key to rich integration is a commitment to deploy and reuse globally unique, shared identifiers [such as Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) and Life Science Identifiers (LSIDs)], and the implementation of services that link those identifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderic D M Page
- Division of Environmental and Evolutional Biology, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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Zaldivar-Riverón A, Belokobylskij SA, León-Regagnon V, Briceño-G. R, Quicke DLJ. Molecular phylogeny and historical biogeography of the cosmopolitan parasitic wasp subfamily Doryctinae (Hymenoptera:Braconidae). INVERTEBR SYST 2008. [DOI: 10.1071/is07028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The phylogenetic relationships among representatives of 64 genera of the cosmopolitan parasitic wasps of the subfamily Doryctinae were investigated based on nuclear 28S ribosomal (r) DNA (~650 bp of the D2–3 region) and cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) mitochondrial (mt) DNA (603 bp) sequence data. The molecular dating of selected clades and the biogeography of the subfamily were also inferred. The partitioned Bayesian analyses did not recover a monophyletic Doryctinae, though the relationships involved were only weakly supported. Strong evidence was found for rejecting the monophylies of both Doryctes Haliday, 1836 and Spathius Nees, 1818. Our results also support the recognition of the Rhaconotini as a valid tribe. A dispersal–vicariance analysis showed a strong geographical signal for the taxa included, with molecular dating estimates for the origin of Doryctinae and its subsequent radiation both occurring during the late Paleocene–early Eocene. The divergence time estimates suggest that diversification in the subfamily could have in part occurred as a result of continental break-up events that took place in the southern hemisphere, though more recent dispersal events account for the current distribution of several widespread taxa.
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Perrichot V, Nel A, Néraudeau D, Lacau S, Guyot T. New fossil ants in French Cretaceous amber (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Naturwissenschaften 2007; 95:91-7. [PMID: 17828384 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-007-0302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2007] [Revised: 08/07/2007] [Accepted: 08/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies on the ant phylogeny are mainly based on the molecular analyses of extant subfamilies and do not include the extinct, only Cretaceous subfamily Sphecomyrminae. However, the latter is of major importance for ant relationships, as it is considered the most basal subfamily. Therefore, each new discovery of a Mesozoic ant is of high interest for improving our understanding of their early history and basal relationships. In this paper, a new sphecomyrmine ant, allied to the Burmese amber genus Haidomyrmex, is described from mid-Cretaceous amber of France as Haidomyrmodes mammuthus gen. and sp. n. The diagnosis of the tribe Haidomyrmecini is emended based on the new type material, which includes a gyne (alate female) and two incomplete workers. The genus Sphecomyrmodes, hitherto known by a single species from Burmese amber, is also reported and a new species described as S. occidentalis sp. n. after two workers remarkably preserved in a single piece of Early Cenomanian French amber. The new fossils provide additional information on early ant diversity and relationships and demonstrate that the monophyly of the Sphecomyrminae, as currently defined, is still weakly supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Perrichot
- Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
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Didier G, Laprevotte I, Pupin M, Hénaut A. Local decoding of sequences and alignment-free comparison. J Comput Biol 2007; 13:1465-76. [PMID: 17061922 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2006.13.1465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Subword composition plays an important role in a lot of analyses of sequences. Here we define and study the "local decoding of order N of sequences," an alternative that avoids some drawbacks of "subwords of length N" approaches while keeping informations about environments of length N in the sequences ("decoding" is taken here in the sense of hidden Markov modeling, i.e., associating some state to all positions of the sequence). We present an algorithm for computing the local decoding of order N of a given set of sequences. Its complexity is linear in the total length of the set (whatever the order N) both in time and memory space. In order to show a use of local decoding, we propose a very basic dissimilarity measure between sequences which can be computed both from local decoding of order N and composition in subwords of length N. The accuracies of these two dissimilarities are evaluated, over several datasets, by computing their linear correlations with a reference alignment-based distance. These accuracies are also compared to the one obtained from another recent alignment-free comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Didier
- Institut de Mathématiques de Luminy, UMR 6206, Campus de Luminay, Case 907, 13288 Marseille, France.
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Brady SG, Schultz TR, Fisher BL, Ward PS. Evaluating alternative hypotheses for the early evolution and diversification of ants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:18172-7. [PMID: 17079492 PMCID: PMC1838725 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0605858103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ants are the world's most diverse and ecologically dominant eusocial organisms. Resolving the phylogeny and timescale for major ant lineages is vital to understanding how they achieved this success. Morphological, molecular, and paleontological studies, however, have presented conflicting views on early ant evolution. To address these issues, we generated the largest ant molecular phylogenetic data set published to date, containing approximately 6 kb of DNA sequence from 162 species representing all 20 ant subfamilies and 10 aculeate outgroup families. When these data were analyzed with and without outgroups, which are all distantly related to ants and hence long-branched, we obtained conflicting ingroup topologies for some early ant lineages. This result casts strong doubt on the existence of a poneroid clade as currently defined. We compare alternate attachments of the outgroups to the ingroup tree by using likelihood tests, and find that several alternative rootings cannot be rejected by the data. These alternatives imply fundamentally different scenarios for the early evolution of ant morphology and behavior. Our data strongly support several notable relationships within the more derived formicoid ants, including placement of the enigmatic subfamily Aenictogitoninae as sister to Dorylus army ants. We use the molecular data to estimate divergence times, employing a strategy distinct from previous work by incorporating the extensive fossil record of other aculeate Hymenoptera as well as that of ants. Our age estimates for the most recent common ancestor of extant ants range from approximately 115 to 135 million years ago, indicating that a Jurassic origin is highly unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seán G. Brady
- *Department of Entomology and
- Laboratories of Analytical Biology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560
| | | | - Brian L. Fisher
- Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94103; and
| | - Philip S. Ward
- Department of Entomology and Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross H Crozier
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia.
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Wenseleers T, Ratnieks FLW. Comparative analysis of worker reproduction and policing in eusocial hymenoptera supports relatedness theory. Am Nat 2006; 168:E163-79. [PMID: 17109313 DOI: 10.1086/508619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2006] [Accepted: 06/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In many bees, wasps, and ants, workers police each other in order to prevent individual workers from selfishly producing their own male offspring. Although several factors can selectively favor worker policing, genetic relatedness is considered to be of special importance. In particular, kin selection theory predicts that worker policing should be more common in species where workers are more related to the queen's sons than to other workers' sons. Here we provide strong novel support for this theory based on a comparative analysis of policing and male parentage in 109 species of ants, bees, and wasps. First, an analysis of behavioral data confirms that worker policing occurs more frequently in species where workers are more related to the queen's sons than to other workers' sons. Second, an analysis of male parentage shows that a significantly higher percentage of the males are workers' sons in species where the workers are more related to other workers' sons. Both conclusions also hold if data are analyzed using phylogenetically independent contrasts. Although our analysis provides strong overall support for the theory that relatedness affects kin conflict over male parentage, there is also significant residual variation. Several factors that may explain this variation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Wenseleers
- Institute for Advanced Study, Wallotstrasse 19, 14193 Berlin, Germany.
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BRABY MICHAELF, VILA ROGER, PIERCE NAOMIE. Molecular phylogeny and systematics of the Pieridae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea): higher classification and biogeography. Zool J Linn Soc 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00218.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ouellette GD, Fisher BL, Girman DJ. Molecular systematics of basal subfamilies of ants using 28S rRNA (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2006; 40:359-69. [PMID: 16630727 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2005] [Revised: 03/03/2006] [Accepted: 03/14/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
For many years, the ant subfamily Ponerinae was hypothesized to contain the basal (early branching) lineages of ants. Recently the Ponerinae were reclassified into six poneromorph subfamilies based on morphological analysis. We evaluate this new poneromorph classification using 1240 base pairs of DNA sequence data obtained from 28S rRNA gene sequences of 68 terminal taxa. The molecular tree supported the monophyly of the ant family Formicidae, with 100% parsimony bootstrap (PB) support and posterior probabilities (PP) of 1.00, with the ant subfamily Leptanillinae as a sister group to all other ants (PB=62, PP=93). However, our analyses strongly support the polyphyly of the Poneromorph subfamilies (sensu Bolton). The Ectatomminae and Heteroponerinae are more closely related to the Formicoid subfamilies than to the rest of the poneromophs (PB=96, PP=100). The Amblyoponinae (PB=52, PP=96), Paraponerinae (PB=100, PP=100), Ponerinae (PB<50, PP=71), and Proceratiinae (PB=98, PP=100) appear as distinct lineages at the base of the tree and are identified as a poneroid grade. Monophyletic origins for the poneroid subfamilies Amblyoponinae, Paraponerinae, Ponerinae and Proceratiinae are supported in our analysis. However, the genus Platythyrea forms a distinct sister group to the Ponerini within the Ponerinae. The Heteroponerinae, based on our sample of Heteroponera, are associated with the subfamily Ectatomminae (PB=98, PP=100). Furthermore, our data indicate the genus Probolomyrmex belongs to the Proceratiinae as suggested by recent morphological analysis (PB=98, PP=100).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary D Ouellette
- Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 875 Howard Street, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
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Moreau CS, Bell CD, Vila R, Archibald SB, Pierce NE. Phylogeny of the Ants: Diversification in the Age of Angiosperms. Science 2006; 312:101-4. [PMID: 16601190 DOI: 10.1126/science.1124891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 422] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We present a large-scale molecular phylogeny of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), based on 4.5 kilobases of sequence data from six gene regions extracted from 139 of the 288 described extant genera, representing 19 of the 20 subfamilies. All but two subfamilies are recovered as monophyletic. Divergence time estimates calibrated by minimum age constraints from 43 fossils indicate that most of the subfamilies representing extant ants arose much earlier than previously proposed but only began to diversify during the Late Cretaceous to Early Eocene. This period also witnessed the rise of angiosperms and most herbivorous insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrie S Moreau
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Clark VC, Raxworthy CJ, Rakotomalala V, Sierwald P, Fisher BL. Convergent evolution of chemical defense in poison frogs and arthropod prey between Madagascar and the Neotropics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:11617-22. [PMID: 16087888 PMCID: PMC1187980 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0503502102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With few exceptions, aposematically colored poison frogs sequester defensive alkaloids, unchanged, from dietary arthropods. In the Neotropics, myrmicine and formicine ants and the siphonotid millipede Rhinotus purpureus are dietary sources for alkaloids in dendrobatid poison frogs, yet the arthropod sources for Mantella poison frogs in Madagascar remained unknown. We report GC-MS analyses of extracts of arthropods and microsympatric Malagasy poison frogs (Mantella) collected from Ranomafana, Madagascar. Arthropod sources for 11 "poison frog" alkaloids were discovered, 7 of which were also detected in microsympatric Mantella. These arthropod sources include three endemic Malagasy ants, Tetramorium electrum, Anochetus grandidieri, and Paratrechina amblyops (subfamilies Myrmicinae, Ponerinae, and Formicinae, respectively), and the pantropical tramp millipede R. purpureus. Two of these ant species, A. grandidieri and T. electrum, were also found in Mantella stomachs, and ants represented the dominant prey type (67.3% of 609 identified stomach arthropods). To our knowledge, detection of 5,8-disubstituted (ds) indolizidine iso-217B in T. electrum represents the first izidine having a branch point in its carbon skeleton to be identified from ants, and detection of 3,5-ds pyrrolizidine 251O in A. grandidieri represents the first ponerine ant proposed as a dietary source of poison frog alkaloids. Endemic Malagasy ants with defensive alkaloids (with the exception of Paratrechina) are not closely related to any Neotropical species sharing similar chemical defenses. Our results suggest convergent evolution for the acquisition of defensive alkaloids in these dietary ants, which may have been the critical prerequisite for subsequent convergence in poison frogs between Madagascar and the Neotropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie C Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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ENGEL MICHAELS, GRIMALDI DAVIDA. Primitive New Ants in Cretaceous Amber from Myanmar, New Jersey, and Canada (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES 2005. [DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2005)485[0001:pnaica]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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