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Myburgh AM, Daniels SR. Between the Cape Fold Mountains and the deep blue sea: Comparative phylogeography of selected codistributed ectotherms reveals asynchronous cladogenesis. Evol Appl 2022; 15:1967-1987. [PMID: 36540640 PMCID: PMC9753840 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We compare the phylogeographic structure of 13 codistributed ectotherms including four reptiles (a snake, a legless skink and two tortoise species) and nine invertebrates (six freshwater crabs and three velvet worm species) to test the presence of congruent evolutionary histories. Phylogenies were estimated and dated using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods with combined mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence datasets. All taxa demonstrated a marked east/west phylogeographic division, separated by the Cape Fold Mountain range. Phylogeographic concordance factors were calculated to assess the degree of evolutionary congruence among the study species and generally supported a shared pattern of diversification along the east/west longitudinal axis. Testing simultaneous divergence between the eastern and western phylogeographic regions indicated pseudocongruent evolutionary histories among the study taxa, with at least three separate divergence events throughout the Mio/Plio/Pleistocene epochs. Climatic refugia were identified for each species using climatic niche modelling, demonstrating taxon-specific responses to climatic fluctuations. Climate and the Cape Fold Mountain barrier explained the highest proportion of genetic diversity in all taxa, while climate was the most significant individual abiotic variable. This study highlights the complex interactions between the evolutionary history of fauna, the Cape Fold Mountains and past climatic oscillations during the Mio/Plio/Pleistocene. The congruent east/west phylogeographic division observed in all taxa lends support to the conclusion that the longitudinal climatic gradient within the Greater Cape Floristic Region, mediated in part by the barrier to dispersal posed by the Cape Fold Mountains, plays a major role in lineage diversification and population differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Savel Regan Daniels
- Department of Botany & ZoologyUniversity of StellenboschStellenboschSouth Africa
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2
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Forni G, Martelossi J, Valero P, Hennemann FH, Conle O, Luchetti A, Mantovani B. Macroevolutionary Analyses Provide New Evidence of Phasmid Wings Evolution as a Reversible Process. Syst Biol 2022; 71:1471-1486. [PMID: 35689634 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept that complex ancestral traits can never be recovered after their loss is still widely accepted, despite phylogenetic and molecular approaches suggest instances where phenotypes may have been lost throughout the evolutionary history of a clade and subsequently reverted back in derived lineages. One of the first and most notable examples of such a process is wing evolution in phasmids; this polyneopteran order of insects, which comprises stick and leaf insects, has played a central role in initiating a long-standing debate on the topic. In this study, a novel and comprehensive time tree including over 300 Phasmatodea species is used as a framework for investigating wing evolutionary patterns in the clade. Despite accounting for several possible biases and sources of uncertainty, macroevolutionary analyses consistently revealed multiple reversals to winged states taking place after their loss, and reversibility is coupled with higher species diversification rates. Our findings support a loss of or reduction in wings that occurred in the lineage leading to the extant phasmid most recent common ancestor, and brachyptery is inferred to be an unstable state unless co-opted for nonaerodynamic adaptations. We also explored how different assumptions of wing reversals probability could impact their inference: we found that until reversals are assumed to be over 30 times more unlikely than losses, they are consistently inferred despite uncertainty in tree and model parameters. Our findings demonstrate that wing evolution is a reversible and dynamic process in phasmids and contribute to our understanding of complex trait evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giobbe Forni
- Dip. Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Jacopo Martelossi
- Dip. Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Luchetti
- Dip. Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Mantovani
- Dip. Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Italy
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3
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Chen L, Gu JJ, Yang Q, Ren D, Blanke A, Béthoux O. Ovipositor and mouthparts in a fossil insect support a novel ecological role for early orthopterans in 300 million years old forests. eLife 2021; 10:e71006. [PMID: 34844668 PMCID: PMC8631945 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A high portion of the earliest known insect fauna is composed of the so-called 'lobeattid insects', whose systematic affinities and role as foliage feeders remain debated. We investigated hundreds of samples of a new lobeattid species from the Xiaheyan locality using a combination of photographic techniques, including reflectance transforming imaging, geometric morphometrics, and biomechanics to document its morphology, and infer its phylogenetic position and ecological role. Ctenoptilus frequens sp. nov. possessed a sword-shaped ovipositor with valves interlocked by two ball-and-socket mechanisms, lacked jumping hind-legs, and certain wing venation features. This combination of characters unambiguously supports lobeattids as stem relatives of all living Orthoptera (crickets, grasshoppers, katydids). Given the herein presented and other remains, it follows that this group experienced an early diversification and, additionally, occurred in high individual numbers. The ovipositor shape indicates that ground was the preferred substrate for eggs. Visible mouthparts made it possible to assess the efficiency of the mandibular food uptake system in comparison to a wide array of extant species. The new species was likely omnivorous which explains the paucity of external damage on contemporaneous plant foliage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jun-Jie Gu
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qiang Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, 230 Waihuanxi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Dong Ren
- College of Life Sciences and Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Alexander Blanke
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Animal Ecology, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Olivier Béthoux
- CR2P (Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie – Paris), MNHN – CNRS – Sorbonne Université; Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleParisFrance
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4
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Dool SE, Picker MD, Eberhard MJB. Limited dispersal and local adaptation promote allopatric speciation in a biodiversity hotspot. Mol Ecol 2021; 31:279-295. [PMID: 34643310 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Recently diverged or diverging populations can offer unobstructed insights into early barriers to gene flow during the initial stages of speciation. The current study utilised a novel insect system (order Mantophasmatodea) to shed light on the early drivers of speciation. The members of this group have limited dispersal abilities, small allopatric distributions and strong habitat associations in the Cape Floristic Region biodiversity hotspot in South Africa. Sister taxa from the diverse family Austrophasmatidae were chosen as focal species (Karoophasma biedouwense, K. botterkloofense). Population genetics and Generalized Dissimilarity Modelling (GDM) were used to characterise spatial patterns of genetic variation and evaluate the contribution of environmental factors to population divergence and speciation. Extensive sampling confirmed the suspected allopatry of these taxa. However, hybrids were identified in a narrow region occurring between the species' distributions. Strong population structure was found over short geographic distances; particularly in K. biedouwense in which geographic distance accounted for 32% of genetic variation over a scale of 50 km (r = .56, p < .001). GDM explained 42%-78% of the deviance in observed genetic dissimilarities. Geographic distance was consistently indicated to be important for between species and within population differentiation, suggesting that limited dispersal ability may be an important neutral driver of divergence. Temperature, altitude, precipitation and vegetation were also indicated as important factors, suggesting the possible role of adaptation to local environmental conditions for species divergence. The discovery of the hybrid-zone, and the multiple allopatric species pairs in Austrophasmatidae support the idea that this could be a promising group to further our understanding of speciation modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena E Dool
- General and Systematic Zoology, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Institut Agro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mike D Picker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Monika J B Eberhard
- General and Systematic Zoology, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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5
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Schoville SD, Simon S, Bai M, Beethem Z, Dudko RY, Eberhard MJB, Frandsen PB, Küpper SC, Machida R, Verheij M, Willadsen PC, Zhou X, Wipfler B. Comparative transcriptomics of ice-crawlers demonstrates cold specialization constrains niche evolution in a relict lineage. Evol Appl 2021; 14:360-382. [PMID: 33664782 PMCID: PMC7896716 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Key changes in ecological niche space are often critical to understanding how lineages diversify during adaptive radiations. However, the converse, or understanding why some lineages are depauperate and relictual, is more challenging, as many factors may constrain niche evolution. In the case of the insect order Grylloblattodea, highly conserved thermal breadth is assumed to be closely tied to their relictual status, but has not been formerly tested. Here, we investigate whether evolutionary constraints in the physiological tolerance of temperature can help explain relictualism in this lineage. Using a comparative transcriptomics approach, we investigate gene expression following acute heat and cold stress across members of Grylloblattodea and their sister group, Mantophasmatodea. We additionally examine patterns of protein evolution, to identify candidate genes of positive selection. We demonstrate that cold specialization in Grylloblattodea has been accompanied by the loss of the inducible heat shock response under both acute heat and cold stress. Additionally, there is widespread evidence of selection on protein-coding genes consistent with evolutionary constraints due to cold specialization. This includes positive selection on genes involved in trehalose transport, metabolic function, mitochondrial function, oxygen reduction, oxidative stress, and protein synthesis. These patterns of molecular adaptation suggest that Grylloblattodea have undergone evolutionary trade-offs to survive in cold habitats and should be considered highly vulnerable to climate change. Finally, our transcriptomic data provide a robust backbone phylogeny for generic relationships within Grylloblattodea and Mantophasmatodea. Major phylogenetic splits in each group relate to arid conditions driving biogeographical patterns, with support for a sister-group relationship between North American Grylloblatta and Altai-Sayan Grylloblattella, and a range disjunction in Namibia splitting major clades within Mantophasmatodea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabrina Simon
- Biosystematics GroupWageningen University & ResearchPB WageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Ming Bai
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and EvolutionInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zachary Beethem
- Department of EntomologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
- Present address:
Department of Biomedical SciencesSchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Roman Y. Dudko
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of AnimalsSiberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesNovosibirskRussia
- Tomsk State UniversityTomskRussia
| | - Monika J. B. Eberhard
- Zoological Institute and MuseumGeneral Zoology and Zoological SystematicsUniversity of GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Paul B. Frandsen
- Department of Plant & Wildlife SciencesBrigham Young UniversityProvoUTUSA
- Data Science LabOffice of the Chief Information OfficerSmithsonian InstitutionWashingtonDCU.S.A
| | - Simon C. Küpper
- Zoological Institute and MuseumGeneral Zoology and Zoological SystematicsUniversity of GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Ryuichiro Machida
- Sugadaira Research StationMountain Science CenterUniversity of TsukubaUeda, NaganoJapan
| | - Max Verheij
- Biosystematics GroupWageningen University & ResearchPB WageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Peter C. Willadsen
- Department of EntomologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
- Present address:
Department of Entomology and Plant PathologyNorth Carolina State UniversityCampus Box 7613RaleighNCUSA
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of EntomologyCollege of Plant ProtectionChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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6
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Dool SE, Künzel S, Haase M, Picker MD, Eberhard MJB. Variable Molecular Markers for the Order Mantophasmatodea (Insecta). J Hered 2019; 109:477-483. [PMID: 29206981 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esx109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The recently discovered insect order Mantophasmatodea currently comprises 19 Southern African species. These mainly occur in allopatry, have high levels of color polymorphism and communicate via species- and gender-specific vibratory signals. High levels of interspecific morphological conservatism mean that cryptic species are likely to be uncovered. These aspects of Mantophasmatodean biology make them an ideal group in which to investigate population divergence due to habitat-specific adaptation, sexual selection, and potentially sensory speciation. Lack of appropriate genetic markers has thus far rendered such studies unfeasible. To address this need, the first microsatellite loci for this order were developed. Fifty polymorphic loci were designed specifically for Karoophasma biedouwense (Austrophasmatidae), out of which 23 were labeled and tested for amplification across the order using 2-3 individuals from 10 species, representing all 4 currently known families. A Bayesian mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) topology was reconstructed and divergence dates within the order were estimated for the first time. Amplification success and levels of polymorphism were compared with genetic divergence and time since divergence. In agreement with studies on vertebrate taxa, both amplification and variability were negatively correlated with distance (temporal and genetic). The high number of informative loci will offer sufficient resolution for both broad level population genetic analysis and individual based pedigree or parentage analyses for most species in Austrophasmatidae, with at least some loci available for the other families. This resource will facilitate research into the evolutionary biology of this understudied but fascinating group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena E Dool
- From the General and Systematic Zoology, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sven Künzel
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - Martin Haase
- Vogelwarte, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mike D Picker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Monika J B Eberhard
- From the General and Systematic Zoology, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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7
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Wipfler B, Theska T, Predel R. Mantophasmatodea from the Richtersveld in South Africa with description of two new genera and species. Zookeys 2018; 746:137-160. [PMID: 29674900 PMCID: PMC5904538 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.746.14885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new species and two new genera (Kuboesphasma, Minutophasma) of Mantophasmatodea that occur in the Richtersveld region of South Africa are described. Kuboesphasma compactumgen. n., sp. n. was found only in a small area near the village of Kuboes, while Minutophasma richtersveldensegen. n., sp. n. apparently inhabits a larger area in the Richtersveld. With these two new species, a total of four different mantophasmatodeans are known to live in this area. This is a remarkable exception to the remaining representatives of this order, where even a common occurrence of only two species is rare. We discuss this sympatry in the context of the phylogeny of the group. Additionally, we provide a map of the known distributions and a table with the most important taxonomic features of the mantophasmatodeans in the Richtersveld.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Wipfler
- Entomology Group, Institut für Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Erbertstr. 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias Theska
- Entomology Group, Institut für Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Erbertstr. 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Reinhard Predel
- Institut für Zoologie, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Köln, Germany
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8
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Evolutionary history of a keystone pollinator parallels the biome occupancy of angiosperms in the Greater Cape Floristic Region. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 107:530-537. [PMID: 27940332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Greater Cape Floristic Region (GCFR) in South Africa has been extensively investigated for its phenomenal angiosperm diversity. A key emergent pattern is the occurrence of older plant lineages in the southern Fynbos biome and younger lineages in the northern Succulent Karoo biome. We know practically nothing, however, about the evolutionary history of the animals that pollinate this often highly-specialized flora. In this study, we explore the evolutionary history of an important GCFR fly pollinator, Megapalpus capensis, and ask whether it exhibits broadly congruent genetic structuring and timing of diversification to flowering plants within these biomes. We find that the oldest M. capensis lineages originated in Fynbos during the Miocene, while younger Succulent Karoo lineages diverged in the Pliocene and correspond to the proposed age of this recent biome. A strong signature of population expansion is also recovered for flies in this arid biome, consistent with recent colonization. Our first investigation into the evolutionary history of GCFR pollinators thus supports a recent origin of the SK biome, as inferred from angiosperm phylogenies, and suggests that plants and pollinators may have co-diverged within this remarkable area.
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Song N, Li H, Song F, Cai W. Molecular phylogeny of Polyneoptera (Insecta) inferred from expanded mitogenomic data. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36175. [PMID: 27782189 PMCID: PMC5080581 DOI: 10.1038/srep36175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Polyneoptera represents one of the earliest insect radiations, comprising the majority of hemimetabolous orders, in which many species have great economic importance. Here, we sequenced eleven mitochondrial genomes of the polyneopteran insects by using high throughput pooled sequencing technology, and presented a phylogenetic reconstruction for this group based on expanded mitochondrial genome data. Our analyses included 189 taxa, of which 139 species represent all the major polyneopteran lineages. Multiple results support the monophyly of Polyneoptera, the monophyly of Dictyoptera, and the monophyly of Orthoptera. Sister taxon relationships Plecoptera + Dermaptera, and Zoraptera + Embioptera are also supported by most analyses. Within Dictyoptera, the Blattodea is consistently retrieved as paraphyly due to the sister group relationship of Cryptocercus with Isoptera. In addition, the results demonstrate that model selection, data treatment, and outgroup choice can have significant effects on the reconstructed phylogenetic relationships of Polyneoptera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Song
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Song
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanzhi Cai
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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10
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Distributional modeling of Mantophasmatodea (Insecta: Notoptera): a preliminary application and the need for future sampling. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-015-0250-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Nicholson DB, Mayhew PJ, Ross AJ. Changes to the Fossil Record of Insects through Fifteen Years of Discovery. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128554. [PMID: 26176667 PMCID: PMC4503423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The first and last occurrences of hexapod families in the fossil record are compiled from publications up to end-2009. The major features of these data are compared with those of previous datasets (1993 and 1994). About a third of families (>400) are new to the fossil record since 1994, over half of the earlier, existing families have experienced changes in their known stratigraphic range and only about ten percent have unchanged ranges. Despite these significant additions to knowledge, the broad pattern of described richness through time remains similar, with described richness increasing steadily through geological history and a shift in dominant taxa, from Palaeoptera and Polyneoptera to Paraneoptera and Holometabola, after the Palaeozoic. However, after detrending, described richness is not well correlated with the earlier datasets, indicating significant changes in shorter-term patterns. There is reduced Palaeozoic richness, peaking at a different time, and a less pronounced Permian decline. A pronounced Triassic peak and decline is shown, and the plateau from the mid Early Cretaceous to the end of the period remains, albeit at substantially higher richness compared to earlier datasets. Origination and extinction rates are broadly similar to before, with a broad decline in both through time but episodic peaks, including end-Permian turnover. Origination more consistently exceeds extinction compared to previous datasets and exceptions are mainly in the Palaeozoic. These changes suggest that some inferences about causal mechanisms in insect macroevolution are likely to differ as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B. Nicholson
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- Department of Natural Sciences, National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Mayhew
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Ross
- Department of Natural Sciences, National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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12
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Roth S, Molina J, Predel R. Biodiversity, ecology, and behavior of the recently discovered insect order Mantophasmatodea. Front Zool 2014. [DOI: 10.1186/s12983-014-0070-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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13
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14
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Predel R, Neupert S, Huetteroth W, Kahnt J, Waidelich D, Roth S. Peptidomics-Based Phylogeny and Biogeography of Mantophasmatodea (Hexapoda). Syst Biol 2012; 61:609-29. [DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/sys003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Predel
- Biocenter, Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Strasse 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Susanne Neupert
- Biocenter, Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Strasse 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolf Huetteroth
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Kahnt
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 10, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Steffen Roth
- The Natural History Collections, University Museum of Bergen, PO Box 7800, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
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15
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Wipfler B, Pohl H, Predel R. Two new genera and two new species of Mantophasmatodea (Insecta, Polyneoptera) from Namibia. Zookeys 2012:75-98. [PMID: 22328860 PMCID: PMC3272637 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.166.1802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new species and two new genera (Pachyphasma, Striatophasma) of Mantophasmatodea are described from Namibia. Pachyphasma brandbergense is endemic to the Brandberg massif; Striatophasma occupies an extensive area south of the region inhabited by Mantophasma. Phylogenetic analyses (see Predel et al. in press) suggest a sistergroup relationship of Striatophasma and the South African Austrophasmatidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Wipfler
- Entomology Group, Institut für Spezielle Zoologie and Evolutionsbiologie, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Erbertstr. 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
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McGeoch MA, Sithole H, Samways MJ, Simaika JP, Pryke JS, Picker M, Uys C, Armstrong AJ, Dippenaar-Schoeman AS, Engelbrecht IA, Braschler B, Hamer M. Conservation and monitoring of invertebrates in terrestrial protected areas. KOEDOE: AFRICAN PROTECTED AREA CONSERVATION AND SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.4102/koedoe.v53i2.1000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Invertebrates constitute a substantial proportion of terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity and are critical to ecosystem function. However, their inclusion in biodiversity monitoring and conservation planning and management has lagged behind better-known, more widely appreciated taxa. Significant progress in invertebrate surveys, systematics and bioindication, both globally and locally, means that their use in biodiversity monitoring and conservation is becoming increasingly feasible. Here we outline challenges and solutions to the integration of invertebrates into biodiversity management objectives and monitoring in protected areas in South Africa. We show that such integration is relevant and possible, and assess the relative suitability of seven key taxa in this context. Finally, we outline a series of recommendations for mainstreaming invertebrates in conservation planning, surveys and monitoring in and around protected areas.Conservation implications: Invertebrates constitute a substantial and functionally significant component of terrestrial biodiversity and are valuable indicators of environmental condition. Although consideration of invertebrates has historically been neglected in conservation planning and management, substantial progress with surveys, systematics and bioindication means that it is now both feasible and advisable to incorporate them into protected area monitoring activities.
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17
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Sympatry in Mantophasmatodea, with the description of a new species and phylogenetic considerations. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-010-0037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kômoto N, Yukuhiro K, Ueda K, Tomita S. Exploring the molecular phylogeny of phasmids with whole mitochondrial genome sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2011; 58:43-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ohshima I, Tanikawa-Dodo Y, Saigusa T, Nishiyama T, Kitani M, Hasebe M, Mohri H. Phylogeny, biogeography, and host–plant association in the subfamily Apaturinae (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) inferred from eight nuclear and seven mitochondrial genes. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2010; 57:1026-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2009] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Eberhard MJB, Lang D, Metscher B, Pass G, Picker MD, Wolf H. Structure and sensory physiology of the leg scolopidial organs in Mantophasmatodea and their role in vibrational communication. ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2010; 39:230-41. [PMID: 20149895 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2010.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Individuals of the insect order Mantophasmatodea use species-specific substrate vibration signals for mate recognition and location. In insects, substrate vibration is detected by mechanoreceptors in the legs, the scolopidial organs. In this study we give a first detailed overview of the structure, sensory sensitivity, and function of the leg scolopidial organs in two species of Mantophasmatodea and discuss their significance for vibrational communication. The structure and number of the organs are documented using light microscopy, SEM, and x-ray microtomography. Five scolopidial organs were found in each leg of male and female Mantophasmatodea: a femoral chordotonal organ, subgenual organ, tibial distal organ, tibio-tarsal scolopidial organ, and tarso-pretarsal scolopidial organ. The femoral chordotonal organ, consisting of two separate scoloparia, corresponds anatomically to the organ of a stonefly (Nemoura variegata) while the subgenual organ complex resembles the very sensitive organs of the cockroach Periplatena americana (Blattodea). Extracellular recordings from the leg nerve revealed that the leg scolopidial organs of Mantophasmatodea are very sensitive vibration receptors, especially for low-frequency vibrations. The dominant frequencies of the vibratory communication signals of Mantophasmatodea, acquired from an individual drumming on eight different substrates, fall in the frequency range where the scolopidial organs are most sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J B Eberhard
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Gäde G, Simek P. A novel member of the adipokinetic peptide family in a "living fossil", the ice crawler Galloisiana yuasai, is the first identified neuropeptide from the order Grylloblattodea. Peptides 2010; 31:372-6. [PMID: 19857536 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2009] [Revised: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This is the first report on the structural identity of a neuropeptide of the insect order Grylloblattodea. A peptide was isolated and sequenced from the retrocerebral corpora cardiaca-corpora allata complex of the ice crawler, Galloisiana yuasai. The sequence of the peptide was deduced from the multiple MS(N) electrospray mass data as that of an octapeptide: pGlu-Val-Asn-Phe-Ser-Pro-Thr-Trp amide. The retention time on reversed-phase HPLC and the CID MS(2) mass spectra of a synthetic peptide with the same primary structure were exactly the same as of the natural peptide. The sequence represents a novel peptide of the adipokinetic hormone family which contains presently 50 members. The primary structure differs in only one position to a few previously discovered AKHs. A scenario is outlined that makes it likely that the most recently discovered insect order, the Mantophasmatodea, and the Grylloblattodea are closely related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Gäde
- Zoology Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa.
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Price BW, Barker NP, Villet MH. A watershed study on genetic diversity: phylogenetic analysis of the Platypleura plumosa (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) complex reveals catchment-specific lineages. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2009; 54:617-26. [PMID: 19833219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2009.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2009] [Revised: 10/02/2009] [Accepted: 10/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Historical biogeography studies have at their disposal a small suite of vicariance models to explain genetic differentiation within and between species. One of these processes involves the role of river catchments and their associated watersheds, in driving diversification and is applicable to both aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Although the idea of catchments structuring the genetic history of aquatic organisms is reasonably well understood, their effect on terrestrial organisms has largely been overlooked, with relevant studies being limited in scope. South Africa presents a perfect test-bed for elucidating this mechanism of diversification due to its rich biodiversity, range of climatic environments and many large river catchments. Here we use the cicadas of the Platypleura plumosa complex to highlight the importance of catchments and their associated watersheds in driving diversification of terrestrial invertebrates that lack an aquatic life-stage. Population structure was found to correspond to primary and in some cases secondary catchments; highlighting the need to include information on catchment structure when formulating hypotheses of population diversification. Recognizing that climate change in the near future is likely to alter the environment, and particularly precipitation patterns, insight into recent patterns of population change related to catchments may be useful in a conservation context.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Price
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
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Eberhard MJ, Pass G, Picker MD, Beutel R, Predel R, Gorb SN. Structure and function of the arolium of Mantophasmatodea (Insecta). J Morphol 2009; 270:1247-61. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Lee W, Park J, Choi J, Jung K, Park B, Kim D, Lee J, Ahn K, Song W, Kang S, Lee YH, Lee S. IMGD: an integrated platform supporting comparative genomics and phylogenetics of insect mitochondrial genomes. BMC Genomics 2009; 10:148. [PMID: 19351385 PMCID: PMC2681477 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2008] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sequences and organization of the mitochondrial genome have been used as markers to investigate evolutionary history and relationships in many taxonomic groups. The rapidly increasing mitochondrial genome sequences from diverse insects provide ample opportunities to explore various global evolutionary questions in the superclass Hexapoda. To adequately support such questions, it is imperative to establish an informatics platform that facilitates the retrieval and utilization of available mitochondrial genome sequence data. RESULTS The Insect Mitochondrial Genome Database (IMGD) is a new integrated platform that archives the mitochondrial genome sequences from 25,747 hexapod species, including 112 completely sequenced and 20 nearly completed genomes and 113,985 partially sequenced mitochondrial genomes. The Species-driven User Interface (SUI) of IMGD supports data retrieval and diverse analyses at multi-taxon levels. The Phyloviewer implemented in IMGD provides three methods for drawing phylogenetic trees and displays the resulting trees on the web. The SNP database incorporated to IMGD presents the distribution of SNPs and INDELs in the mitochondrial genomes of multiple isolates within eight species. A newly developed comparative SNU Genome Browser supports the graphical presentation and interactive interface for the identified SNPs/INDELs. CONCLUSION The IMGD provides a solid foundation for the comparative mitochondrial genomics and phylogenetics of insects. All data and functions described here are available at the web site (http://www.imgd.org/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonhoon Lee
- Insect Biosystematics Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Korea
- Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Korea
| | - Jongsun Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Korea
- Fungal Bioinformatics Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Korea
- Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Korea
- Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Korea
- Fungal Bioinformatics Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Korea
- Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Korea
| | - Kyongyong Jung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Korea
- Fungal Bioinformatics Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Korea
| | - Bongsoo Park
- Department of Plant Pathology, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Donghan Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Korea
- Fungal Bioinformatics Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Korea
- Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Lee
- Insect Biosystematics Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Korea
| | - Kyohun Ahn
- Fungal Bioinformatics Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Korea
| | - Wonho Song
- Fungal Bioinformatics Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Korea
| | - Seogchan Kang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Yong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Korea
- Fungal Bioinformatics Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Korea
- Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Korea
- Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Korea
- Center for Agricultural Biomaterials, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Korea
| | - Seunghwan Lee
- Insect Biosystematics Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Korea
- Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–921, Korea
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Hockman D, Picker MD, Klass KD, Pretorius L. Postembryonic development of the unique antenna of Mantophasmatodea (Insecta). ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2009; 38:125-133. [PMID: 18775513 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2008.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2008] [Revised: 08/06/2008] [Accepted: 08/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The postembryonic antennal development and life cycle of a member of the insect order Mantophasmatodea (Lobatophasma redelinghuysense) was investigated using a series of annulus counts and a time sequence of head capsule measurements. The life cycle comprised six instars. Females achieved significantly larger head capsules from instar 2 onwards, resulting in adult females having a larger mean head capsule diameter (2.58 mm) than males (2.27 mm). Antennae of first instar larvae comprised a smooth four-segmented basiflagellum and a seven-segmented, sensilla-rich distiflagellum. Lengthening of the basiflagellum was achieved by the addition of two annuli per moult, generated by division of the basal annulus (meriston). Annulus number and the unique annulation pattern of the distiflagellum remained constant until adulthood. The segmentation pattern of adult antennae (comprising a basiflagellum and a distiflagellum of 14 and seven annuli respectively) and mode of antennal elongation was consistent for all 11 species examined. Subdivisions in basiflagellar annuli were observed in adults of all species examined, although they are not considered to be true annular divisions. The structure of the mantophasmatodean antenna appears to be autapomorphic within Insecta, bearing little resemblance to that of Grylloblattodea, Dictyoptera or Phasmatodea, all putative sister groups of the Mantophasmatodea. However, the mode of flagellar elongation most closely resembles that of Isoptera, Blattaria and Dermaptera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Hockman
- Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7701 Cape Town, South Africa
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Mantophasmatodea now in the Jurassic. Naturwissenschaften 2008; 95:947-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00114-008-0412-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2008] [Revised: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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