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Yeo H, Lin J, Yeoh TX, Puniamoorthy N. Resolution of cryptic mosquito species through wing morphometrics. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 123:105647. [PMID: 39067583 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Mosquitoes are medically important insects, and accurate species identification is crucial to understanding vector biology, forming the cornerstone of successful vector control programs. Identification is difficult owing to morphologically similar species. Wing morphometrics can provide a simple, fast, and accurate way to classify species, and using it as a method to differentiate vector species among its cryptic congeners has been underexplored. Using a total of 227 mosquitoes and 20 landmarks per specimen, we demonstrated the utility of wing morphometrics in differentiating species two groups occurring in sympatry - Culex (Culex) vishnui group and Culex (Lophoceraomyia) subgenus, as well as explored population-level variation in the wing shape of Aedes albopictus across habitats. Cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene region was sequenced to validate the morphological and morphometric identification. Procrustes ANOVA regression and CVA based on wing shape reflected that the wing landmarks across all species differed significantly, and leave-one-out cross validation revealed an overall high accuracy of >97% for the two Culex groups. Wing morphometrics uncovered population-level variation within Aedes albopictus, but cross validation accuracy was low. Overall, we show that wing geomorphometric analysis is able to resolve cryptic Culex species (including vectors) occurring sympatrically, and is a robust tool for identifying mosquitoes reliably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Yeo
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jiawei Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Tze Xuan Yeoh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Nalini Puniamoorthy
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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2
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Shashank PR, Parker BM, Rananaware SR, Plotkin D, Couch C, Yang LG, Nguyen LT, Prasannakumar NR, Braswell WE, Jain PK, Kawahara AY. CRISPR-based diagnostics detects invasive insect pests. Mol Ecol Resour 2024; 24:e13881. [PMID: 37888995 PMCID: PMC10842307 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Rapid identification of organisms is essential for many biological and medical disciplines, from understanding basic ecosystem processes, disease diagnosis, to the detection of invasive pests. CRISPR-based diagnostics offers a novel and rapid alternative to other identification methods and can revolutionize our ability to detect organisms with high accuracy. Here we describe a CRISPR-based diagnostic developed with the universal cytochrome-oxidase 1 gene (CO1). The CO1 gene is the most sequenced gene among Animalia, and therefore our approach can be adopted to detect nearly any animal. We tested the approach on three difficult-to-identify moth species (Keiferia lycopersicella, Phthorimaea absoluta and Scrobipalpa atriplicella) that are major invasive pests globally. We designed an assay that combines recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) with CRISPR for signal generation. Our approach has a much higher sensitivity than real-time PCR assays and achieved 100% accuracy for identification of all three species, with a detection limit of up to 120 fM for P. absoluta and 400 fM for the other two species. Our approach does not require a sophisticated laboratory, reduces the risk of cross-contamination, and can be completed in less than 1 h. This work serves as a proof of concept that has the potential to revolutionize animal detection and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pathour R Shashank
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institution, New Delhi, India
| | - Brandon M Parker
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Santosh R Rananaware
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - David Plotkin
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Christian Couch
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Lilia G Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Long T Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - N R Prasannakumar
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - W Evan Braswell
- Insect Management and Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, USDA APHIS PPQ S&T, Edinburg, Texas, USA
| | - Piyush K Jain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Akito Y Kawahara
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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3
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Somboon P, Wilai P, Saeung A, Saingamsook J, Harbach RE. The identity of Anopheles (Anopheles) barbirostris species A3 of the Barbirostris Complex (Diptera: Culicidae). Zootaxa 2023; 5353:96-100. [PMID: 38221418 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5353.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Pradya Somboon
- Center of Insect Vector Study; Department of Parasitology; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai 50200; Thailand.
| | - Parinya Wilai
- Microbiology Laboratory; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Fukuoka University; Fukuoka 814-0180; Japan.
| | - Atiporn Saeung
- Center of Insect Vector Study; Department of Parasitology; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai 50200; Thailand.
| | - Jassada Saingamsook
- Center of Insect Vector Study; Department of Parasitology; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai 50200; Thailand.
| | - Ralph E Harbach
- Department of Science; Natural History Museum; Cromwell Road; London SW7 5BD; UK.
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Shashank PR, Parker BM, Rananaware SR, Plotkin D, Couch C, Yang LG, Nguyen LT, Prasannakumar NR, Braswell WE, Jain PK, Kawahara AY. CRISPR-based diagnostics detects invasive insect pests. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.16.541004. [PMID: 37292907 PMCID: PMC10245733 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.16.541004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rapid identification of organisms is essential across many biological and medical disciplines, from understanding basic ecosystem processes and how organisms respond to environmental change, to disease diagnosis and detection of invasive pests. CRISPR-based diagnostics offers a novel and rapid alternative to other identification methods and can revolutionize our ability to detect organisms with high accuracy. Here we describe a CRISPR-based diagnostic developed with the universal cytochrome-oxidase 1 gene (CO1). The CO1 gene is the most sequenced gene among Animalia, and therefore our approach can be adopted to detect nearly any animal. We tested the approach on three difficult-to-identify moth species (Keiferia lycopersicella, Phthorimaea absoluta, and Scrobipalpa atriplicella) that are major invasive pests globally. We designed an assay that combines recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) with CRISPR for signal generation. Our approach has a much higher sensitivity than other real time-PCR assays and achieved 100% accuracy for identification of all three species, with a detection limit of up to 120 fM for P. absoluta and 400 fM for the other two species. Our approach does not require a lab setting, reduces the risk of cross-contamination, and can be completed in less than one hour. This work serves as a proof of concept that has the potential to revolutionize animal detection and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pathour R. Shashank
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institution, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Brandon M. Parker
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, RTP, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Santosh R. Rananaware
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - David Plotkin
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Christian Couch
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Lilia G. Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Long T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - N. R. Prasannakumar
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
| | - W. Evan Braswell
- Insect Management and Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, USDA APHIS PPQ S&T, 22675 North Moorefield Road, Edinburg, Texas 78541, USA
| | - Piyush K. Jain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Akito Y. Kawahara
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Nguyen AHL, Pattaradilokrat S, Kaewlamun W, Kaneko O, Asada M, Kaewthamasorn M. Myzomyia and Pyretophorus series of Anopheles mosquitoes acting as probable vectors of the goat malaria parasite Plasmodium caprae in Thailand. Sci Rep 2023; 13:145. [PMID: 36599869 PMCID: PMC9812981 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26833-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike malaria parasites in humans, non-human primates, rodents, and birds, ungulate malaria parasites and their vectors have received little attention. As a result, understanding of the hosts, vectors, and biology of ungulate malaria parasites has remained limited. In this study, we aimed to identify the vectors of the goat malaria parasite Plasmodium caprae. A total of 1019 anopheline and 133 non-anopheline mosquitoes were collected from goat farms in Thailand, where P. caprae-infected goats were discovered. Anopheline mosquitoes were identified using molecular biological methods that target the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 (cox2) genes, and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region. Pool and individual mosquitoes were tested for P. caprae using the head-thorax parts that contain the salivary glands, with primers targeting three genetic markers including cytochrome b, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1, and 18S small subunit ribosomal RNA genes. Additionally, goat blood samples were collected concurrently with mosquito surveys and screened to determine the status of malaria infection. This study revealed nine mosquito species belonging to six groups on goat farms, including Hyrcanus, Barbirostris, Subpictus, Funestus, Tessellatus, and Annularis. The DNA of P. caprae was detected in Anopheles subpictus and Anopheles aconitus. This is the first time An. subpictus and An. aconitus have been implicated as probable vectors of P. caprae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Hoang Lan Nguyen
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875The International Graduate Program of Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand ,grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Veterinary Parasitology Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Sittiporn Pattaradilokrat
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Winai Kaewlamun
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875School of Agricultural Resources, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Osamu Kaneko
- grid.174567.60000 0000 8902 2273Department of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523 Japan
| | - Masahito Asada
- grid.412310.50000 0001 0688 9267National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Department of Global Cooperation, Research Unit for Global Infection Control, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, 080-8555 Japan
| | - Morakot Kaewthamasorn
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Veterinary Parasitology Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
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6
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Nugraheni YR, Arnuphapprasert A, Nguyen TT, Narapakdeesakul D, Nguyen HLA, Poofery J, Kaneko O, Asada M, Kaewthamasorn M. Myzorhynchus series of Anopheles mosquitoes as potential vectors of Plasmodium bubalis in Thailand. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5747. [PMID: 35388073 PMCID: PMC8987089 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ungulate malaria parasites and their vectors are among the least studied when compared to other medically important species. As a result, a thorough understanding of ungulate malaria parasites, hosts, and mosquito vectors has been lacking, necessitating additional research efforts. This study aimed to identify the vector(s) of Plasmodium bubalis. A total of 187 female mosquitoes (133 Anopheles spp., 24 Culex spp., 24 Aedes spp., and 6 Mansonia spp. collected from a buffalo farm in Thailand where concurrently collected water buffalo samples were examined and we found only Anopheles spp. samples were P. bubalis positive. Molecular identification of anopheline mosquito species was conducted by sequencing of the PCR products targeting cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 (cox2), and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) markers. We observed 5 distinct groups of anopheline mosquitoes: Barbirostris, Hyrcanus, Ludlowae, Funestus, and Jamesii groups. The Barbirostris group (Anopheles wejchoochotei or Anopheles campestris) and the Hyrcanus group (Anopheles peditaeniatus) were positive for P. bubalis. Thus, for the first time, our study implicated these anopheline mosquito species as probable vectors of P. bubalis in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudhi Ratna Nugraheni
- The International Graduate Program of Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Veterinary Parasitology Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Apinya Arnuphapprasert
- Veterinary Pathobiology Graduate Program, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Trang Thuy Nguyen
- The International Graduate Program of Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Duriyang Narapakdeesakul
- Veterinary Pathobiology Graduate Program, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Hoang Lan Anh Nguyen
- The International Graduate Program of Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Juthathip Poofery
- Veterinary Parasitology Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Osamu Kaneko
- Department of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Masahito Asada
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Department of Global Cooperation, Research Unit for Global Infection Control, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary, Obihiro, 080-8555, Japan.
| | - Morakot Kaewthamasorn
- Veterinary Parasitology Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Multiplex PCR Assay for the Identification of Four Species of the Anopheles Leucosphyrus Sub-Group in Malaysia. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13020195. [PMID: 35206768 PMCID: PMC8878329 DOI: 10.3390/insects13020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Plasmodium parasites cause malaria. The bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes, known as “malaria vectors,” transmit the parasites to people. To prevent the spread of malaria, precise mosquito species identification is essential. This study aims to develop a quick and accurate method for identifying the Anopheles species (An. introlatus, An. latens, An. cracens, and An. balabacensis), which have been incriminated as vectors for simian malaria in Malaysia. Overall, six primers targeting the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of each species were designed for this assay. This study is helpful for the researchers or vector-related field workers to correctly identify the mosquitoes for control activities. Abstract The Leucosphyrus Group of mosquitoes are the major simian malaria vectors in Malaysia. Accurate species identification is required to help in curbing the spread of simian malaria. The aim of the study is to provide an accurate molecular method for identifying the four important Anopheles vector species found in Malaysia. Mosquito specimens were collected from various localities in Malaysia, where simian malaria cases were reported. DNA from 122 mosquito specimens was tested to develop a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The specificity of this assay was tested against other mosquito species. Molecular identification of the species was further confirmed by analysing the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) DNA region of the specimens. Anopheles balabacensis and An. latens showed two distinct clades in the phylogenetic tree. The multiplex PCR assay was developed based on the ITS2 region for the identification of Anopheles introlatus (298–299 bp), Anopheles latens (197–198 bp), Anopheles cracens (421–426 bp), and Anopheles balabacensis (224–228 bp). This method will be useful to accurately identify the major Anopheles Leucosphyrus Group species in Malaysia, which are difficult to identify morphologically, to determine the correct vector as well as its geographical distribution.
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Udom C, Thanispong K, Manguin S, Chareonviriyaphap T, Fungfuang W. Trophic Behavior and Species Diversity of the Anopheles barbirostris Complex (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:2376-2384. [PMID: 33942866 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Species of the Anopheles barbirostris complex (Myzorhynchus Series of the subgenus Anopheles) are potential vectors of malaria and filariasis parasites. Owing to the lack of reliable identification methods, the biting activity and host preference of the species within this complex have not been previous described. In this study, the trophic behavior and host preferences of the species in the complex were determined in Thailand, and a map of their geographical distributions constructed. Adult female mosquitoes in Chanthaburi and Prachuap Khiri Khan provinces were collected using human landings (indoor and outdoor) and cow-bait. Morphological characters were used to initially identify the mosquitoes, and then, species were further separated by multiplex PCR. Four species were identified in the An. barbirostris complex: An. wejchoochotei Taai & Harbach (Diptera: Culicidae), An. saeungae Taai & Harbach (Diptera: Culicidae), An. dissidens Taai & Harbach (Diptera: Culicidae), and An. campestris Reid (Diptera: Culicidae). The species showed exophagic and zoophilic behavior, except An. wejchoochotei in Chanthaburi, which displayed slight endophilic behavior. Indoor and outdoor blood feeding behavior of An. wejchoochotei and An. saeungae peaked at 2000 h. An updated distribution map of the An. barbirostris complex in Thailand is presented. With a better understanding of the sibling vector species and their spatial distributions, more specific and effective control strategies for vectors of malaria and filariasis in Thailand can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanya Udom
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanutcharee Thanispong
- Bureau of Vector-Borne Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Sylvie Manguin
- HydroSciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Wirasak Fungfuang
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Yeo H, Yeoh TX, Ding H, Lee TTM, Puniamoorthy N. Morphology and mini‐barcodes: The inclusion of larval sampling and NGS‐based barcoding improves robustness of ecological analyses of mosquito communities. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Yeo
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Tze Xuan Yeoh
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Huicong Ding
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | | | - Nalini Puniamoorthy
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
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10
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New vectors that are early feeders for Plasmodium knowlesi and other simian malaria parasites in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7739. [PMID: 33833272 PMCID: PMC8032675 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium knowlesi is the main cause of malaria in Sarawak, where studies on vectors of P. knowlesi have been conducted in only two districts. Anopheles balabacensis and An. donaldi were incriminated as vectors in Lawas and An. latens in Kapit. We studied a third location in Sarawak, Betong, where of 2169 mosquitoes collected over 36 days using human-landing catches, 169 (7.8%) were Anopheles spp. PCR and phylogenetic analyses identified P. knowlesi and/or P. cynomolgi, P. fieldi, P. inui, P. coatneyi and possibly novel Plasmodium spp. in salivary glands of An. latens and An. introlatus from the Leucosphyrus Group and in An. collessi and An. roperi from the Umbrosus Group. Phylogenetic analyses of cytochrome oxidase subunit I sequences indicated three P. knowlesi-positive An. introlatus had been misidentified morphologically as An. latens, while An. collessi and An. roperi could not be delineated using the region sequenced. Almost all vectors from the Leucosphyrus Group were biting after 1800 h but those belonging to the Umbrosus Group were also biting between 0700 and 1100 h. Our study incriminated new vectors of knowlesi malaria in Sarawak and underscores the importance of including entomological studies during the daytime to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the transmission dynamics of malaria.
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Delgado-Serra S, Viader M, Ruiz-Arrondo I, Miranda MÁ, Barceló C, Bueno-Marí R, Hernández-Triana LM, Miquel M, Lester K, Jurado-Rivera JA, Paredes-Esquivel C. Molecular Characterization of Mosquito Diversity in the Balearic Islands. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:608-615. [PMID: 33098292 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Several outbreaks of mosquito-borne diseases have taken place in Europe in recent years. In Spain, both active and passive surveillance have demonstrated that dengue and West Nile viruses are currently circulating, and seven autochthonous dengue cases have been reported in the last 2 yr. The effectiveness of vector control programs largely depends on the accuracy of the taxonomic identification of the species. However, in Spain, identification almost completely relies on the use of morphological keys to characterize the mosquito fauna. This study investigates the congruence between molecular and morphological species boundaries in 13 Spanish mosquito taxa. The Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene region was sequenced from 60 adult specimens collected in Mallorca, plus several representatives from other Spanish regions for comparative purposes. Phylogenetic relationships were established using Bayesian and maximum-likelihood approaches. Using three species delimitation algorithms (ABGD, mPTP, and GMYC), we found strong evidence for cryptic speciation within Anopheles algeriensis Theobald, a widespread mosquito in the Mediterranean basin. We also delimited the Mallorcan rock pool mosquito Aedes mariae (Sergent & Sergent), from mainland European populations. Finally, we found difficulties in the use of wing characters in species keys to distinguish Culiseta annulata (Schrk) from Culiseta subochrea (Edwards). Given that these species are vectors of pathogens of medical relevance and have veterinary importance, their accurate taxonomic identification is essential in European vector surveillance programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Delgado-Serra
- Applied Zoology and Animal Conservation Research Group, Laboratory of Zoology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Miriam Viader
- Applied Zoology and Animal Conservation Research Group, Laboratory of Zoology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ruiz-Arrondo
- Center for Rickettsiosis and Arthropod-Borne Diseases, CIBIR, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Miranda
- Applied Zoology and Animal Conservation Research Group, Laboratory of Zoology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Carlos Barceló
- Applied Zoology and Animal Conservation Research Group, Laboratory of Zoology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Rubén Bueno-Marí
- Research and Development (R+D) Department, Laboratorios Lokímica, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis M Hernández-Triana
- Rabies and Viral Zoonoses Research Group (VI1), Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, UK
| | - Marga Miquel
- Applied Zoology and Animal Conservation Research Group, Laboratory of Zoology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Katherine Lester
- Diagnostics, Wildlife and Molecular Biology, Science and Advice for Scottish Agriculture (SASA), Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Claudia Paredes-Esquivel
- Applied Zoology and Animal Conservation Research Group, Laboratory of Zoology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
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Jayatunga DPW, Harischandra IN, Chandrasekharan NV, de Silva BGDNK. Compensatory Base Changes Reveal Sexual Incompatibility among Members of the Anopheles subpictus Sensu Lato (Diptera: Culicidae) Species Complex in Sri Lanka. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11030211. [PMID: 33800295 PMCID: PMC7998985 DOI: 10.3390/life11030211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mosquito Anopheles (Cellia) subpictus sensu lato (s.l.) is a major secondary vector of malaria in Sri Lanka. The sibling species composition in this species complex in Sri Lanka remains debatable. Compensatory base changes (CBCs) in the secondary structures of internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) are reliable sources to predict sexual incompatibility among closely related species. The objective of the present study was to investigate the An. subpictus s.l. populations in Sri Lanka using the CBC analysis. Mosquito DNA was amplified and sequenced for the ITS2 region. The sequences were annotated using ITS2 Database. ITS2 secondary structures were constructed and analyzed for CBCs using various bioinformatics tools. The ITS2 regions consisted of two different lengths, 575 bp and 480 bp. The two CBCs and three hemi CBCs identified in the present study suggest that there may be at least two sexually incompatible sibling species. In conclusion, it is likely that there may be only two reproductively isolated sibling species in the An. subpictus species complex in Sri Lanka. However, due to high divergence of ITS2 in these species, it is reasonable to assume that they may be undergoing a speciation event to separate as a distinct species.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. P. W. Jayatunga
- Center for Biotechnology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka;
| | - I. N. Harischandra
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka;
| | - N. V. Chandrasekharan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo 00300, Sri Lanka;
| | - B. G. D. N. K. de Silva
- Center for Biotechnology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka;
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +94-112804515 or +94-774467277
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Sumarnrote A, Overgaard HJ, Corbel V, Thanispong K, Chareonviriyaphap T, Manguin S. Species diversity and insecticide resistance within the Anopheles hyrcanus group in Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:525. [PMID: 33069255 PMCID: PMC7568835 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04389-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Members of the Anopheles hyrcanus group have been incriminated as important malaria vectors. This study aims to identify the species and explore the insecticide susceptibility profile within the Anopheles hyrcanus group in Ubon Ratchathani Province, northeastern Thailand where increasing numbers of malaria cases were reported in 2014. Methods Between 2013 and 2015, five rounds of mosquito collections were conducted using human landing and cattle bait techniques during both the rainy and dry seasons. Anopheles mosquitoes were morphologically identified and their insecticide susceptibility status was investigated. Synergist bioassays were carried out with An. hyrcanus (s.l.) due to their resistance to all insecticides. An ITS2-PCR assay was conducted to identify to species the Hyrcanus group specimens. Results Out of 10,361 Anopheles females collected, representing 18 taxa in 2 subgenera, 71.8% were morphologically identified as belonging to the Hyrcanus Group (subgenus Anopheles), followed by An. barbirostris group (7.9%), An. nivipes (6.5%), An. philippinensis (5.9%) and the other 14 Anopheles species. Specimens of the Hyrcanus Group were more prevalent during the rainy season and were found to be highly zoophilic. Anopheles hyrcanus (s.l.) was active throughout the night, with an early peak of activity between 18:00 h and 21:00 h. ITS2-PCR assay conducted on 603 DNA samples from specimens within the Hyrcanus Group showed the presence of five sisters species. Anopheles peditaeniatus was the most abundant species (90.5%, n = 546), followed by An. nitidus (4.5%, n = 27), An. nigerrimus (4.3%, n = 26), An. argyropus (0.5%, n = 3), and An. sinensis (0.2%, n = 1). All An. hyrcanus (s.l.) specimens that were found resistant to insecticides (deltamethrin 0.05%, permethrin 0.75% and DDT 4% and synergist tests) belonged to An. peditaeniatus. The degree of resistance in An. peditaeniatus to each of these three insecticides was approximately 50%. Addition of PBO (Piperonyl butoxide), but not DEF (S.S.S-tributyl phosphotritioate), seemed to restore susceptibility, indicating a potential role of oxidases as a detoxifying enzyme resistance mechanism. Conclusions A better understanding of mosquito diversity related to host preference, biting activity and insecticide resistance status will facilitate the implementation of locally adapted vector control strategies.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchana Sumarnrote
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Hans J Overgaard
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Vincent Corbel
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs, Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Kanutcharee Thanispong
- Bureau of Vector-borne Disease, Department of Disease control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | | | - Sylvie Manguin
- HydroSciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), CNRS, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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New vectors in northern Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, for the zoonotic malaria parasite, Plasmodium knowlesi. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:472. [PMID: 32933567 PMCID: PMC7490903 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04345-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmodium knowlesi is a significant cause of human malaria in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Only one study has been previously undertaken in Sarawak to identify vectors of P. knowlesi, where Anopheles latens was incriminated as the vector in Kapit, central Sarawak. A study was therefore undertaken to identify malaria vectors in a different location in Sarawak. Methods Mosquitoes found landing on humans and resting on leaves over a 5-day period at two sites in the Lawas District of northern Sarawak were collected and identified. DNA samples extracted from salivary glands of Anopheles mosquitoes were subjected to nested PCR malaria-detection assays. The small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene of Plasmodium was sequenced, and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene of the mosquitoes were sequenced from the Plasmodium-positive samples for phylogenetic analysis. Results Totals of 65 anophelines and 127 culicines were collected. By PCR, 6 An. balabacensis and 5 An. donaldi were found to have single P. knowlesi infections while 3 other An. balabacensis had either single, double or triple infections with P. inui, P. fieldi, P. cynomolgi and P. knowlesi. Phylogenetic analysis of the Plasmodium SSU rRNA gene confirmed 3 An. donaldi and 3 An. balabacensis with single P. knowlesi infections, while 3 other An. balabacensis had two or more Plasmodium species of P. inui, P. knowlesi, P. cynomolgi and some species of Plasmodium that could not be conclusively identified. Phylogenies inferred from the ITS2 and/or cox1 sequences of An. balabacensis and An. donaldi indicate that they are genetically indistinguishable from An. balabacensis and An. donaldi, respectively, found in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Conclusions Previously An. latens was identified as the vector for P. knowlesi in Kapit, central Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, and now An. balabacensis and An. donaldi have been incriminated as vectors for zoonotic malaria in Lawas, northern Sarawak. ![]()
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15
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Davidson JR, Wahid I, Sudirman R, Small ST, Hendershot AL, Baskin RN, Burton TA, Makuru V, Xiao H, Yu X, Troth EV, Olivieri D, Lizarraga S, Hasan H, Arfah A, Yusuf M, Nur N, Syafruddin D, Asih P, Lobo NF. Molecular analysis reveals a high diversity of Anopheles species in Karama, West Sulawesi, Indonesia. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:379. [PMID: 32727610 PMCID: PMC7392657 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding local Anopheles species compositions and bionomic traits are vital for an effective malaria vector intervention strategy. Though eight malaria vectors, including species complexes, have been documented across the island of Sulawesi, Indonesia, a comprehensive survey linking morphological and molecular species identification has not been conducted in this global hotspot of biodiversity. Results Eighteen distinct species of Anopheles were molecularly identified in a 1 km2 area in Karama village, West Mamuju Province, Sulawesi. Known species included An. aconitus, An. karwari, An. peditaeniatus, An. vagus, An. barbirostris, An. tessellatus, An. nigerrimus, An. crawfordi, An. maculatus, An. flavirostris and An. kochi. Of the 18 distinct sequence groups identified through both ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region 2, and mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 loci, 8 could not be identified to species through comparison to published sequences. The comparison of morphological and molecular identities determined that interpretations of local species compositions for primary and expected species in Karama (An. barbirostris and An. vagus) had the highest rate of accuracy (92.1% and 87.6%, respectively) when compared to molecular analysis. However, the remaining distinct sequences molecularly identified to species were identified correctly by morphological methods less frequently, from 0 to 83%. Conclusions Karama, Indonesia has a high diversity of Anopheles spp. The unexpected high number of Anopheles species in a small area points to possible complex transmission dynamics and limitations with vector control based on possible varying behaviors and interactions with both humans and interventions. Morphological identification of Anopheles spp. in this study was more accurate for primary and expected species than secondary or unexpected species. Finally, the inability to identify seven sequence groups to species with consensus sequences implies that future studies employing sequencing are required to clarify species compositions in the Nigerrimus Subgroup, among others, as well as their distribution and vector status. Use of molecular methods in conjunction with morphological investigations for analysis of species composition, population dynamics and bionomic characteristics is directly implicated in understanding drivers of malaria transmission, intervention effectiveness, and the pursuit of malaria elimination. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna R Davidson
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
| | - Isra Wahid
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Rusdiyah Sudirman
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Scott T Small
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Allison L Hendershot
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Robert N Baskin
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Timothy A Burton
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Victoria Makuru
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Honglin Xiao
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Yu
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Emma V Troth
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Daniel Olivieri
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Stephanny Lizarraga
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Hajar Hasan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Andi Arfah
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Yusuf
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Nirwana Nur
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Din Syafruddin
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia.,Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Puji Asih
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Neil F Lobo
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
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A Multiplex PCR Based on Mitochondrial COI Sequences for Identification of Members of the Anopheles barbirostris Complex (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand and Other Countries in the Region. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11070409. [PMID: 32630637 PMCID: PMC7412068 DOI: 10.3390/insects11070409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A multiplex-PCR assay based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences was developed for identification of five members of the Barbirostris Complex which occur in Thailand: Anopheles barbirostris s.s., An. dissidens, An. saeungae, An. wejchoochotei and An. barbirostris species A3. Anopheles campestris was not included in the assay due to the lack of unequivocal sequences. Allele-specific primers were designed for specific nucleotide segments of COI sequences of each species. Mismatch method and addition of long GC tail were applied for some primers. The assay provided products of 706 bp for An. barbirostris s.s., 238 bp for An. dissidens, 611 bp for An. saeungae, 502 bp for An. wejchoochotei and 365 bp for An. barbirostris A3. The assay was tested using 111 wild-caught female mosquitoes from Bhutan, Cambodia, Indonesia (Sulawesi) and Thailand. The results of the multiplex PCR were in complete agreement with COI sequencing; however, one of three specimens from Bhutan and all 11 specimens from Indonesia were not amplifiable by the assay due to their distinct COI sequences. This, together with the distinct rDNA sequences of these specimens, suggests the presence of at least two additional new species in the Barbirostris Complex.
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Mark-release-recapture studies reveal preferred spatial and temporal behaviors of Anopheles barbirostris in West Sulawesi, Indonesia. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:385. [PMID: 31370906 PMCID: PMC6676633 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3640-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population density, dispersion patterns, flight distances, and survival rate of vector mosquitoes are all contributors to vectorial capacity that may be estimated in a single experimental method: mark-release-recapture (MRR). In this study, these key parameters were measured for mosquito populations in Karama, West Sulawesi, Indonesia. METHODS Two mark-release-recapture (MRR) experiments were carried out in Karama village to characterize seasonality differences, if any: wet season (December 2013, MRR1) and dry season (May 2014, MRR2). For both experiments, mosquitoes were marked according to release site/date and were released on four consecutive nights. Four sampling methodologies were utilized to enable recapture: human landing catches (HLCs), kelambu traps and barrier screens. RESULTS 98.7% of all catches were molecularly confirmed as Anopheles barbirostris. During the wet season, An. barbirostris demonstrated no preference toward endophagy. In the dry season, An. barbirostris demonstrated an endophagic preference. The duration of the feeding cycle for An. barbirostris was determined to be 5 days during the wet season and 3.7 days during the dry season, though an anomaly likely caused the wet season feeding cycle to be overestimated. The largest percentages of recaptured mosquitoes were collected in a single site during both seasons. The only significant relationship with mosquito dispersal was site of release and recapture. Finally, dispersal rates of An. barbirostris frequently ranged up to 800 m (the maximum measurable distance in this study) within a single day of release. CONCLUSIONS This study estimated key vector parameters for An. barbirostris an understudied species complex, in Karama, West Sulawesi, Indonesia. Despite the length of the feeding cycle, the high indoor biting rates demonstrated by An. barbirostris in Karama suggest that the use of IRSs and LLINs, especially during the dry season, would have a substantial impact on the panmictic An. barbirostris population.
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Tananchai C, Manguin S, Bangs MJ, Chareonviriyaphap T. Malaria Vectors and Species Complexes in Thailand: Implications for Vector Control. Trends Parasitol 2019; 35:544-558. [PMID: 31182384 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
There are seven Anopheles species incriminated as important (primary) malaria vectors in Thailand. These vectors belong to species complexes or are in closely related groups that are difficult to separate morphologically. Precise species identification, using molecular methods, enables control operations to target only important vectors and to increase understanding of their specific ecological requirements, bionomic characteristics, and behavioral traits. This review focuses on adult mosquito behavior, vector transmission capacity, and geographical distribution of malaria vectors in Thailand identified using genetic and molecular identification methods between 1994 and 2019. A better understanding of Anopheles biodiversity, biology, behavior, vector capacity, and distribution in Thailand and neighboring countries in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) will facilitate more effective and efficient vector-control strategies and consequently contribute to a further decrease in the malaria burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatchai Tananchai
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Sylvie Manguin
- HydroSciences Montpellier (UMR-HSM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement France (IRD), CNRS, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Michael J Bangs
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Public Health and Malaria Control Department, PT Freeport Indonesia, International SOS, Jl. Kertajasa, Kuala Kencana, Papua 99920, Indonesia
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A multiplex PCR assay for the identification of five species of the Anopheles barbirostris complex in Thailand. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:223. [PMID: 31088534 PMCID: PMC6515612 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3494-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Barbirostris Complex comprises six formally described species that cannot be differentiated based on morphology alone. Out of these six species, two have been reported as putative malaria vectors, An. campestris and An. wejchoochotei. Five species are present in Thailand, An. barbirostris, An. campestris, An. dissidens, An. saeungae and An. wejchoochotei, while An. vanderwulpi occurs in Indonesia. As these species cannot be accurately differentiated by morphological characters, there is a crucial lack of information on their bionomics and role in the transmission of malaria and filariasis agents. Results For differentiating the six species, an allele-specific amplification (AS-PCR) based on the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) sequence was developed. From 862 mosquitoes in the Barbirostris Complex collected in 23 provinces throughout Thailand, the AS-PCR was able to identify five species and its validation was undertaken on 185 specimens. Conclusions This multiplex-PCR assay is potentially able to definitely identify all six species of the Barbirostris Complex and was validated on five species present in Thailand.
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Guo Y, Song Z, Luo L, Wang Q, Zhou G, Yang D, Zhong D, Zheng X. Molecular evidence for new sympatric cryptic species of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in China: A new threat from Aedes albopictus subgroup? Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:228. [PMID: 29618379 PMCID: PMC5885320 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2814-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse) is an indigenous species and the predominant vector of dengue fever in China. Understanding of genetic diversity and structure of the mosquito would facilitate dengue prevention and vector control. Sympatric cryptic species have been identified in the Ae. albopictus subgroup in Southeast Asia; however, little is known about the presence and distribution of cryptic species in China. This study aimed to examine the genetic diversity, evaluate potential new cryptic sibling species, and assess the prevalence of Wolbachia infections in field populations. Methods Aedes adult female specimens were collected from five provinces in southern and central China during 2015–2016. Morphological identification was performed under dissection microscope. The mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1, DNA barcoding) locus and the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS2) marker were used to examine the genetic variation, evaluate cryptic sibling species, and population structure in the field populations. Screening for the presence of Wolbachia was performed using multiplex PCR. Results A total of 140 individual specimens with morphological characteristics similar to Ae. albopictus were sequenced for DNA barcoding. Among these, 129 specimens (92.1%) were confirmed and identified as Ae. albopictus. The remaining 11 specimens, from 2 provinces, were identified as 2 distinct sequence groups, which were confirmed by ITS2 marker sequencing, suggesting the existence of potential cryptic species of Ae. albopictus. In Ae. albopictus, we found significant genetic differentiation and population structure between populations collected from different climate zones. Medium to high frequencies of Wolbachia infections were observed in natural Ae. albopictus populations, whereas Wolbachia was infrequent or absent in cryptic species populations. Conclusions Our findings highlight the population differentiation by climate zone and the presence of novel, cryptic Aedes species in China. The low prevalence of Wolbachia infections in cryptic species populations could reflect either a recent invasion of Wolbachia in Ae. albopictus or different host immune responses to this symbiont in the cryptic species. The study provides useful information for vector control and host-symbiont coevolution. Further study is needed to investigate the potential for arbovirus infection and disease transmission in the emerged cryptic species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-2814-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Guo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhangyao Song
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Luo
- Department of Disinfection and Pesticide of Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingmin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Guofa Zhou
- Program in Public Health School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Dizi Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Daibin Zhong
- Program in Public Health School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Xueli Zheng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Using Next-Generation Sequencing for DNA Barcoding: Capturing Allelic Variation in ITS2. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2017; 7:19-29. [PMID: 27799340 PMCID: PMC5217108 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.036145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) is a popular DNA barcoding marker; however, in some animal species it is hypervariable and therefore difficult to sequence with traditional methods. With next-generation sequencing (NGS) it is possible to sequence all gene variants despite the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions/deletions (indels), homopolymeric regions, and microsatellites. Our aim was to compare the performance of Sanger sequencing and NGS amplicon sequencing in characterizing ITS2 in 26 mosquito species represented by 88 samples. The suitability of ITS2 as a DNA barcoding marker for mosquitoes, and its allelic diversity in individuals and species, was also assessed. Compared to Sanger sequencing, NGS was able to characterize the ITS2 region to a greater extent, with resolution within and between individuals and species that was previously not possible. A total of 382 unique sequences (alleles) were generated from the 88 mosquito specimens, demonstrating the diversity present that has been overlooked by traditional sequencing methods. Multiple indels and microsatellites were present in the ITS2 alleles, which were often specific to species or genera, causing variation in sequence length. As a barcoding marker, ITS2 was able to separate all of the species, apart from members of the Culex pipiens complex, providing the same resolution as the commonly used Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI). The ability to cost-effectively sequence hypervariable markers makes NGS an invaluable tool with many applications in the DNA barcoding field, and provides insights into the limitations of previous studies and techniques.
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Irish SR, Al-Amin HM, Alam MS, Harbach RE. A review of the mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) of Bangladesh. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:559. [PMID: 27770829 PMCID: PMC5075421 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1848-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diseases caused by mosquito-borne pathogens remain an important source of morbidity and mortality in Bangladesh. To better control the vectors that transmit the agents of disease, and hence the diseases they cause, and to appreciate the diversity of the family Culicidae, it is important to have an up-to-date list of the species present in the country. Original records were collected from a literature review to compile a list of the species recorded in Bangladesh. Results Records for 123 species were collected, although some species had only a single record. This is an increase of ten species over the most recent complete list, compiled nearly 30 years ago. Collection records of three additional species are included here: Anopheles pseudowillmori, Armigeres malayi and Mimomyia luzonensis. Conclusions While this work constitutes the most complete list of mosquito species collected in Bangladesh, further work is needed to refine this list and understand the distributions of those species within the country. Improved morphological and molecular methods of identification will allow the refinement of this list in years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth R Irish
- Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
| | - Hasan Mohammad Al-Amin
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shafiul Alam
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b), 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Ralph E Harbach
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
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Cow-baited tents are highly effective in sampling diverse Anopheles malaria vectors in Cambodia. Malar J 2016; 15:440. [PMID: 27577697 PMCID: PMC5004278 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1488-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accurate monitoring and evaluation of malaria vectors requires efficient sampling. The objective of this study was to compare methods for sampling outdoor-biting Anopheles mosquitoes in Cambodia. METHODS In the Cambodian provinces of Pursat, Preah Vihear, and Ratanakiri, six different mosquito trapping methods were evaluated: human landing collection (HLC), human-baited tent (HBT), cow-baited tent (CBT), CDC miniature light trap (LT), CDC miniature light trap baited with molasses and yeast (LT-M), and barrier fence (F) in a Latin square design during four or six consecutive nights at the height of the malaria transmission season. RESULTS Using all traps, a total of 507, 1175, and 615 anophelines were collected in Pursat, Preah Vihear, and Ratanakiri, respectively. CBTs captured 10- to 20-fold more anophelines per night than the other five sampling methods. All 2297 Anopheles mosquitoes were morphologically identified and molecularly typed using standard morphological keys and sequencing the rDNA ITS2 region to distinguish cryptic species, respectively. Overall, an extremely diverse set of 27 known Anopheles species was sampled. CBTs captured the same molecular species that HLCs and the other four traps did, as well as additional species. Nine specimens representing five Anopheles species (Anopheles hyrcanus, Anopheles barbirostris sensu stricto, Anopheles barbirostris clade III, Anopheles nivipes, and Anopheles peditaeniatus) were infected with Plasmodium falciparum and were exclusively captured in CBTs. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that cow-baited tents are highly effective in sampling diverse Anopheles malaria vectors in Cambodia. This sampling method captured high numbers of anophelines with limited sampling effort and greatly reduced human exposure to mosquito bites compared to the gold-standard human landing collection.
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Taai K, Harbach RE. Systematics of theAnopheles barbirostrisspecies complex (Diptera: Culicidae: Anophelinae) in Thailand. Zool J Linn Soc 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kritsana Taai
- Department of Parasitology; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| | - Ralph E. Harbach
- Department of Life Sciences; Natural History Museum; Cromwell Road London SW7 5BD UK
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Anopheles species diversity and distribution of the malaria vectors of Thailand. Trends Parasitol 2015; 31:109-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Wang Y, Xu J, Ma Y. Molecular characterization of cryptic species of Anopheles barbirostris van der Wulp in China. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:592. [PMID: 25511420 PMCID: PMC4274727 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-014-0592-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anopheles barbirostris sensu lato belongs to the Barbirostris subgroup of the subgenus Anopheles that is distributed in Southeast Asia. Different molecular forms have been identified based on the rDNA-ITS2 and mtDNA-COI sequences. Anopheles barbirostris occurs in China. The species status was uncertain due to the lack of molecular characterization. The present study characterized Chinese An. barbirostris using rDNA-ITS2 and mtDNA-COI gene sequences. Two cryptic species were identified. Findings DNA was extracted from morphologically identified An. barbirostris specimens collected in Yunnan and Hainan from China, the sequences of rDNA-ITS2 and mtDNA-COI regions of 40 individuals were amplified and analyzed. The sequence comparison revealed two cryptic species, corresponding to An. barbirostris A1/clade III and A2/clade IV, respectively. The molecular characterization updated the species composition of the An. barbirostris complex in China. Conclusions This study distinguished two molecular forms in the An. barbirostris s. l. in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Rd, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Jiannong Xu
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, PO Box 30001 MSC 3AF, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA. .,Haikou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early- Warning on Infectious Disease, 20 Yehai Rd, Haikou, Hainan, 571100, China.
| | - Yajun Ma
- Department of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Rd, Shanghai, 200433, China. .,Haikou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early- Warning on Infectious Disease, 20 Yehai Rd, Haikou, Hainan, 571100, China.
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Saeung A, Baimai V, Thongsahuan S, Otsuka Y, Srisuka W, Taai K, Somboon P, Suwonkerd W, Sochanta T, Choochote W. Cytogenetic, cross-mating and molecular evidence of four cytological races of Anopheles crawfordi (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand and Cambodia. C R Biol 2014; 337:625-34. [PMID: 25444706 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-nine isolines of Anopheles crawfordi were established from wild-caught females collected from cow-baited traps in Thailand and Cambodia. Three types of X (X1, X2, X3) and four types of Y (Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4) chromosomes were identified, according to differing amounts of extra heterochromatin. These sex chromosomes represent four metaphase karyotypes, i.e., Forms A (X1, X2, X3, Y1), B (X1, X2, X3, Y2), C (X2, Y3) and D (X2, Y4). Forms C and D are novel metaphase karyotypes confined to Thailand, whereas forms A and B appear to be common in both Thailand and Cambodia. Cross-mating experiments between the four karyotypic forms indicated genetic compatibility in yielding viable progenies and synaptic salivary gland polytene chromosomes. The results suggest that the forms are conspecific and A. crawfordi comprises four cytological races, which is further supported by very low intraspecific variation (mean genetic distance=0.000-0.018) of the nucleotide sequences in ribosomal DNA (ITS2) and mitochondrial DNA sequences (COI, COII).
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiporn Saeung
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Visut Baimai
- Department of Biology and Centre for Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Sorawat Thongsahuan
- Faculty of Veterinary Science (Establishment Project), Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Yasushi Otsuka
- Research Center for the Pacific Islands, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan
| | - Wichai Srisuka
- Entomology Section, Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, P.O. Box 7, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand
| | - Kritsana Taai
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Pradya Somboon
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wannapa Suwonkerd
- Office of Disease Prevention and Control No. 10, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Tho Sochanta
- National Center for Malaria Control, Parasitology and Entomology, Phnom Penh 12302, Cambodia
| | - Wej Choochote
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Gajapathy K, Jude PJ, Goodacre SL, Peiris LBS, Ramasamy R, Surendran SN. Molecular characterization of the malaria vector Anopheles barbirostris van der Wulp in Sri Lanka. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:348. [PMID: 25073899 PMCID: PMC4125690 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anopheles barbirostris is a vector of malaria in Sri Lanka. The taxon exists as a species complex in the Southeast Asian region. Previous studies using molecular markers suggest that there are more than 4 distinct clades within the An. barbirostris complex in Southeast Asia. The present study characterizes Sri Lankan An. barbirostris using mtDNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and ribosomal RNA internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) gene sequences. Findings DNA was extracted from morphologically identified An. barbirostris specimens from Sri Lanka, the COI and ITS2 regions amplified and their sequences analysed by comparison with other GenBank entries. Maximum likelihood trees suggested that Sri Lankan An. barbirostris constitute a different molecular type most closely related to clade I. Conclusions Considering the uncorrected p distances between the clade I and Sri Lankan specimens it is fair to assume that the specimens collected from widely separated locations in Sri Lanka with morphology characteristic of An. barbirostris s.l. form a new molecular type with close resemblance to An. barbirostris s.s from Indonesia and Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanapathy Gajapathy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Jaffna, Jaffna 40000, Sri Lanka.
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Sum JS, Lee WC, Amir A, Braima KA, Jeffery J, Abdul-Aziz NM, Fong MY, Lau YL. Phylogenetic study of six species of Anopheles mosquitoes in Peninsular Malaysia based on inter-transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS2) of ribosomal DNA. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:309. [PMID: 24993022 PMCID: PMC4094596 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Molecular techniques are invaluable for investigation on the biodiversity of Anopheles mosquitoes. This study aimed at investigating the spatial-genetic variations among Anopheles mosquitoes from different areas of Peninsular Malaysia, as well as deciphering evolutionary relationships of the local Anopheles mosquitoes with the mosquitoes from neighbouring countries using the anopheline ITS2 rDNA gene. Methods Mosquitoes were collected, identified, dissected to check infection status, and DNA extraction was performed for PCR with primers targeting the ITS2 rDNA region. Sequencing was done and phylogenetic tree was constructed to study the evolutionary relationship among Anopheles mosquitoes within Peninsular Malaysia, as well as across the Asian region. Results A total of 133 Anopheles mosquitoes consisting of six different species were collected from eight different locations across Peninsular Malaysia. Of these, 65 ITS2 rDNA sequences were obtained. The ITS2 rDNA amplicons of the studied species were of different sizes. One collected species, Anopheles sinensis, shows two distinct pools of population in Peninsular Malaysia, suggesting evolvement of geographic race or allopatric speciation. Conclusion Anopheles mosquitoes from Peninsular Malaysia show close evolutionary relationship with the Asian anophelines. Nevertheless, genetic differences due to geographical segregation can be seen. Meanwhile, some Anopheles mosquitoes in Peninsular Malaysia show vicariance, exemplified by the emergence of distinct cluster of An. sinensis population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yee-Ling Lau
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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Paredes-Esquivel CC, Townson H. Functional constraints and evolutionary dynamics of the repeats in the rDNA internal transcribed spacer 2 of members of the Anopheles barbirostris group. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:106. [PMID: 24646478 PMCID: PMC3994965 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Anopheles barbirostris group is widely distributed in Southeast Asia. Although seven species have been formally described, a molecular analysis of the rDNA ITS2 and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene suggests that the group includes species that are morphologically very similar or identical.We have previously shown that species in the Anopheles barbirostris Subgroup have an exceptionally large ITS2 (>1.5 kb), greater than in any other Anopheline group. However, the molecular processes responsible for generating such a large ITS2 have not previously been explored. METHODS To determine the processes by which this large ITS2 is generated, we examined the sequence and secondary structure of the ITS2 of 51 specimens from five species of the Anopheles barbirostris Subgroup. These include the anthropophilic species An. campestris and three morphospecies of the Barbirostris Complex: An. vanderwulpi, An. barbirostris I and III, together with a previously undescribed member of this group (Clade IV). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS All the specimens were found to have an ITS2 greater than 1.5 kb in length. The possibility that the spacer sequences amplified were pseudogenes was examined and discarded. The large size of ITS2 in the species studied is due to the presence of internal repeats of approximately 110 bp in length, confined to the central region of the spacer. Repeats varied markedly between the species examined, with respect to their organization, number and sequence similarity. The nucleotide diversity increased in direct relation to size variation and the presence of non-repeated elements.A secondary structure analysis showed that the repeats form hairpin structures with a wide range of free energy values. These hairpin structures are known to facilitate the subsequent processing of mature rRNA. An analysis of the repeats from the different species suggests they originate from a common ancestor, with the repeats appearing before speciation of the Barbirostris Group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Caterina Paredes-Esquivel
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA United Kingdom
- Current address: Laboratory of Zoology. University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Harold Townson
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA United Kingdom
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Ngo CT, Harbach RE, Garros C, Parzy D, Le HQ, Manguin S. Taxonomic assessment of Anopheles crawfordi and An. dangi of the Hyrcanus Group of subgenus Anopheles in Vietnam. Acta Trop 2013; 128:623-9. [PMID: 24055545 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Anopheles dangi, introduced as a new species of the Hyrcanus Group of subgenus Anopheles in an illustrated dichotomous key for the identification of the Anopheles mosquitoes of Vietnam published in 1987, was distinguished from Anopheles crawfordi based on the presence of a humeral pale spot on the base of the costal vein of the wing. However, this character has been known to occur occasionally in An. crawfordi. To determine whether An. dangi is distinct from An. crawfordi, we analyzed nucleotide sequences of the COI, COII and Cyt-b genes of mtDNA and the D3 gene of rDNA obtained from specimens collected in south-central Vietnam that were identified as An. dangi and An. crawfordi based on the presence or absence, respectively, of a humeral pale spot. Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analyses of the sequences showed a low mean genetic distance of 0.004 for specimens identified as An. crawfordi and 0.008 for those identified as An. dangi. The mean genetic distance between the two nominal species was 0.006, compared with 0.077 for any group versus the outgroup taxa Anopheles dirus and Anopheles minimus, and the specimens of the two forms clustered in a single strongly supported clade. Consequently, An. dangi is merely a morphological variant of An. crawfordi and is deemed to be a synonym of that nominal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Thuy Ngo
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), LIPMC, UMR-MD3, Faculté de Pharmacie, F-34093 Montpellier, France; National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Loaiza JR, Scott ME, Bermingham E, Sanjur OI, Rovira JR, Dutari LC, Linton YM, Bickersmith S, Conn JE. Novel genetic diversity within Anopheles punctimacula s.l.: phylogenetic discrepancy between the Barcode cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene and the rDNA second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2). Acta Trop 2013; 128:61-9. [PMID: 23806568 PMCID: PMC3810288 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Anopheles punctimacula s.l. is a regional malaria vector in parts of Central America, but its role in transmission is controversial due to its unresolved taxonomic status. Two cryptic species, An. malefactor and An. calderoni, have been previously confused with this taxon, and evidence for further genetic differentiation has been proposed. In the present study we collected and morphologically identified adult female mosquitoes of An. punctimacula s.l. from 10 localities across Panama and one in Costa Rica. DNA sequences from three molecular regions, the three prime end of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene (3' COI), the Barcode region in the five prime end of the COI (5' COI), and the rDNA second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) were used to test the hypothesis of new molecular lineages within An. punctimacula s.l. Phylogenetic analyses using the 3' COI depicted six highly supported molecular lineages (A-F), none of which was An. malefactor. In contrast, phylogenetic inference with the 5' COI demonstrated paraphyly. Tree topologies based on the combined COI regions and ITS2 sequence data supported the same six lineages as the 3' COI alone. As a whole this evidence suggests that An. punctimacula s.l. comprises two geographically isolated lineages, but it is not clear whether these are true species. The phylogenetic structure of the An. punctimacula cluster as well as that of other unknown lineages (C type I vs C type II; D vs E) appears to be driven by geographic partition, because members of these assemblages did not overlap spatially. We report An. malefactor for the first time in Costa Rica, but our data do not support the presence of An. calderoni in Panama.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R. Loaiza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Clayton, Panamá, República de Panamá
- Programa Centroamericano de Maestría en Entomología, Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad de Panamá, República de Panamá
| | | | - Eldredge Bermingham
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancon, Unit 0948, Republic of Panama
| | - Oris I. Sanjur
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancon, Unit 0948, Republic of Panama
| | - Jose R. Rovira
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancon, Unit 0948, Republic of Panama
| | - Larissa C. Dutari
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Clayton, Panamá, República de Panamá
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancon, Unit 0948, Republic of Panama
| | - Yvonne-Marie Linton
- Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW75BD, England
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Entomology Branch, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910-7500 USA
| | - Sara Bickersmith
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12205 USA
| | - Jan E. Conn
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, 12205 USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York-Albany, Albany, NY, 12202 USA
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Rona LDP, Carvalho-Pinto CJ, Peixoto AA. Evidence for the occurrence of two sympatric sibling species within the Anopheles (Kerteszia) cruzii complex in southeast Brazil and the detection of asymmetric introgression between them using a multilocus analysis. BMC Evol Biol 2013; 13:207. [PMID: 24063651 PMCID: PMC3850420 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anopheles (Kerteszia) cruzii (Diptera: Culicidae) is a primary vector of human and simian malaria parasites in southern and southeastern Brazil. Earlier studies using chromosome inversions, isoenzymes and a number of molecular markers have suggested that An. cruzii is a species complex. RESULTS In this study, a multilocus approach using six loci, three circadian clock genes and three encoding ribosomal proteins, was carried out to investigate in more detail the genetic differentiation between the An. cruzii populations from Florianópolis-Santa Catarina (southern Brazil) and Itatiaia-Rio de Janeiro States (southeastern Brazil). The analyses were performed first comparing Florianópolis and Itatiaia, and then comparing the two putative sympatric incipient species from Itatiaia (Itatiaia A and Itatiaia B). The analysis revealed high FST values between Florianópolis and Itatiaia (considering Itatiaia A and B together) and also between the sympatric Itatiaia A and Itatiaia B, irrespective of their function. Also, using the IM program, no strong indication of migration was found between Florianópolis and Itatiaia (considering Itatiaia A and B together) using all loci together, but between Itatiaia A and Itatiaia B, the results show evidence of migration only in the direction of Itatiaia B. CONCLUSIONS The results of the multilocus analysis indicate that Florianópolis and Itatiaia represent different species of the An. cruzii complex that diverged around 0.6 Mya, and also that the Itatiaia sample is composed of two sympatric incipient species A and B, which diverged around 0.2 Mya. Asymmetric introgression was found between the latter two species despite strong divergence in some loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa D P Rona
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Polo de Xerém, Estrada de Xerém 27, Duque de Caxias 25245-390, RJ, Brazil.
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Sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) from Philornis seguyi (García, 1952) and Philornis torquans (Nielsen, 1913) (Diptera: Muscidae). Syst Parasitol 2013; 86:43-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s11230-013-9428-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zomuanpuii R, Ringngheti L, Brindha S, Gurusubramanian G, Senthil Kumar N. ITS2 characterization and Anopheles species identification of the subgenus Cellia. Acta Trop 2013; 125:309-19. [PMID: 23237720 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In Mizoram, the origin and molecular nature of Anopheles species is poorly understood, despite the region having high malarial incidence and rich biodiversity. A diagnostic PCR assay for distinguishing the Cellia subgenera members of Anopheles species was developed based on the interspecific ITS2 variation. No intraspecific variation was found and the size (362-604bp) and GC content (48.8-58.9%) of the ITS2 were highly variable among Anophelines. The ITS2 of A. vagus is significantly longer than those of other Anopheles species. Significant relationship was observed among repeats, minimum free energy and RNA secondary structures. Different types of microsatellites were identified and among them dinucleotide, pentanucleotide and polynucleotide microsatellites were predominant. Variation in the length of the ITS2 between species was due to indels in simple repeats. Four domain types of RNA secondary structures were identified and the lowest free energy values were predicted using the computer software, RNAfold. Types I and II were observed only in Neocellia and Myzomyia series and Types III and IV were common in Neocellia and Pyretophorus series. ITS2-based PCR protocol provides a means for vector ecologists, malaria epidemiologists and control personnel to accurately identify members of the subgenera Cellia and a better understanding of their genomic status in Mizoram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Zomuanpuii
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, India.
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Moreno M, Bickersmith S, Harlow W, Hildebrandt J, McKeon SN, Silva-do-Nascimento TF, Loaiza JR, Ruiz F, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, Sallum MAM, Bergo ES, Fritz GN, Wilkerson RC, Linton YM, Juri MJD, Rangel Y, Póvoa MM, Gutiérrez-Builes LA, Correa MM, Conn JE. Phylogeography of the neotropical Anopheles triannulatus complex (Diptera: Culicidae) supports deep structure and complex patterns. Parasit Vectors 2013; 6:47. [PMID: 23433428 PMCID: PMC3606328 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular phylogenetic relationships and population structure of the species of the Anopheles triannulatus complex: Anopheles triannulatus s.s., Anopheles halophylus and the putative species Anopheles triannulatus C were investigated. METHODS The mitochondrial COI gene, the nuclear white gene and rDNA ITS2 of samples that include the known geographic distribution of these taxa were analyzed. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using Bayesian inference, Maximum parsimony and Maximum likelihood approaches. RESULTS Each data set analyzed septely yielded a different topology but none provided evidence for the seption of An. halophylus and An. triannulatus C, consistent with the hypothesis that the two are undergoing incipient speciation. The phylogenetic analyses of the white gene found three main clades, whereas the statistical parsimony network detected only a single metapopulation of Anopheles triannulatus s.l. Seven COI lineages were detected by phylogenetic and network analysis. In contrast, the network, but not the phylogenetic analyses, strongly supported three ITS2 groups. Combined data analyses provided the best resolution of the trees, with two major clades, Amazonian (clade I) and trans-Andean + Amazon Delta (clade II). Clade I consists of multiple subclades: An. halophylus + An. triannulatus C; trans-Andean Venezuela; central Amazonia + central Bolivia; Atlantic coastal lowland; and Amazon delta. Clade II includes three subclades: Panama; cis-Andean Colombia; and cis-Venezuela. The Amazon delta specimens are in both clades, likely indicating local sympatry. Spatial and molecular variance analyses detected nine groups, corroborating some of subclades obtained in the combined data analysis. CONCLUSION Combination of the three molecular markers provided the best resolution for differentiation within An. triannulatus s.s. and An. halophylus and C. The latest two species seem to be very closely related and the analyses performed were not conclusive regarding species differentiation. Further studies including new molecular markers would be desirable to solve this species status question. Besides, results of the study indicate a trans-Andean origin for An. triannulatus s.l. The potential implications for malaria epidemiology remain to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Moreno
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Griffin Laboratory, Albany, NY, USA
- Present address: Division Infectious Diseases University of California San Diego, George Palade Labs, School of Medicine, 92093, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0741, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sara Bickersmith
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Griffin Laboratory, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Wesley Harlow
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Griffin Laboratory, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Hildebrandt
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Griffin Laboratory, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Sascha N McKeon
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Griffin Laboratory, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | | | - Jose R Loaiza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Clayton, Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Freddy Ruiz
- Division of Entomology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | - Maria AM Sallum
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo S Bergo
- Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, SUCEN, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gary N Fritz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL, USA
| | - Richard C Wilkerson
- Division of Entomology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Yvonne M Linton
- Division of Entomology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Maria J Dantur Juri
- Instituto Superior de Entomología "Dr. Abraham Willink", Facultad de Ciencias, Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Yadira Rangel
- Laboratorio de Biologia de Vectores, Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | | | - Lina A Gutiérrez-Builes
- Grupo de Microbiología Molecular, Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Margarita M Correa
- Grupo de Microbiología Molecular, Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jan E Conn
- New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Griffin Laboratory, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
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Silva-Brandão KL, Almeida LC, Moraes SS, Cônsoli FL. Using population genetic methods to identify the origin of an invasive population and to diagnose cryptic subspecies of Telchin licus (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2013; 103:89-97. [PMID: 22971459 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485312000430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Telchin licus, the giant sugarcane borer, is an important pest species of sugarcane in northeast Brazil. Four subspecies of Telchin licus are recognized in Brazil based on their geographic distribution and subtle differences in wing colour pattern. Some taxa are morphologically indistinguishable, and their accurate identification is key to their efficient control. Mitochondrial genes sequences (cytochrome oxidase I and subunit 6 of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase) were applied to delimit taxonomic entities of T. licus, and to infer the origin of a newly established population in the state of São Paulo. The molecular data indicated that specimens sampled at different regions in Brazil are morphologically cryptic but genetically isolated entities, and at least three subspecies were assigned to the sampled localities. These data also suggested that the population collected from the state of São Paulo must have a common origin with populations from northeast Brazil, which corroborate the hypothesis that ornamental plants infested with larvae of T. licus might have been transported from the northeast to the southeast regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Silva-Brandão
- Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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Elyazar IR, Sinka ME, Gething PW, Tarmidzi SN, Surya A, Kusriastuti R, Winarno, Baird JK, Hay SI, Bangs MJ. The distribution and bionomics of anopheles malaria vector mosquitoes in Indonesia. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2013; 83:173-266. [PMID: 23876873 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407705-8.00003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Malaria remains one of the greatest human health burdens in Indonesia. Although Indonesia has a long and renowned history in the early research and discoveries of malaria and subsequently in the successful use of environmental control methods to combat the vector, much remains unknown about many of these mosquito species. There are also significant gaps in the existing knowledge on the transmission epidemiology of malaria, most notably in the highly malarious eastern half of the archipelago. These compound the difficulty of developing targeted and effective control measures. The sheer complexity and number of malaria vectors in the country are daunting. The difficult task of summarizing the available information for each species and/or species complex is compounded by the patchiness of the data: while relatively plentiful in one area or region, it can also be completely lacking in others. Compared to many other countries in the Oriental and Australasian biogeographical regions, only scant information on vector bionomics and response to chemical measures is available in Indonesia. That information is often either decades old, geographically patchy or completely lacking. Additionally, a large number of information sources are published in Dutch or Indonesian language and therefore less accessible. This review aims to present an updated overview of the known distribution and bionomics of the 20 confirmed malaria vector species or species complexes regarded as either primary or secondary (incidental) malaria vectors within Indonesia. This chapter is not an exhaustive review of each of these species. No attempt is made to specifically discuss or resolve the taxonomic record of listed species in this document, while recognizing the ever evolving revisions in the systematics of species groups and complexes. A review of past and current status of insecticide susceptibility of eight vector species of malaria is also provided.
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van Velzen R, Weitschek E, Felici G, Bakker FT. DNA barcoding of recently diverged species: relative performance of matching methods. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30490. [PMID: 22272356 PMCID: PMC3260286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently diverged species are challenging for identification, yet they are frequently of special interest scientifically as well as from a regulatory perspective. DNA barcoding has proven instrumental in species identification, especially in insects and vertebrates, but for the identification of recently diverged species it has been reported to be problematic in some cases. Problems are mostly due to incomplete lineage sorting or simply lack of a 'barcode gap' and probably related to large effective population size and/or low mutation rate. Our objective was to compare six methods in their ability to correctly identify recently diverged species with DNA barcodes: neighbor joining and parsimony (both tree-based), nearest neighbor and BLAST (similarity-based), and the diagnostic methods DNA-BAR, and BLOG. We analyzed simulated data assuming three different effective population sizes as well as three selected empirical data sets from published studies. Results show, as expected, that success rates are significantly lower for recently diverged species (∼75%) than for older species (∼97%) (P<0.00001). Similarity-based and diagnostic methods significantly outperform tree-based methods, when applied to simulated DNA barcode data (P<0.00001). The diagnostic method BLOG had highest correct query identification rate based on simulated (86.2%) as well as empirical data (93.1%), indicating that it is a consistently better method overall. Another advantage of BLOG is that it offers species-level information that can be used outside the realm of DNA barcoding, for instance in species description or molecular detection assays. Even though we can confirm that identification success based on DNA barcoding is generally high in our data, recently diverged species remain difficult to identify. Nevertheless, our results contribute to improved solutions for their accurate identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin van Velzen
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Review of genetic diversity in malaria vectors (Culicidae: Anophelinae). INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2012; 12:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Paredes-Esquivel C, Harbach RE, Townson H. Molecular taxonomy of members of the Anopheles hyrcanus group from Thailand and Indonesia. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2011; 25:348-352. [PMID: 21198713 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2010.00937.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
During studies of malaria vectors in Indonesia and Thailand, several specimens identified by field staff as members of the Anopheles barbirostris group (Diptera: Culicidae) were found to belong to the Anopheles hyrcanus group, as shown by marked differences in the size of the nuclear rDNA second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) between the barbirostris (~1500 bp) and hyrcanus (~600 bp) groups. Identification of the species concerned required a more detailed study of ITS2 sequences and subunit I of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase gene (COI). A phylogenetic analysis, based on Bayesian methods, revealed that the hyrcanus group specimens comprised five distinct clades, two of which corresponded with known species, Anopheles peditaeniatus and Anopheles sinensis. The remaining specimens formed three additional clades, for which there are no similar sequences in GenBank and which cannot be linked to previously described species. The misidentification of hyrcanus group species has important implications for malaria vector control; more comprehensive studies employing gene sequences are required to clarify the number of species in the group, their distribution and vector status.
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Sinka ME, Bangs MJ, Manguin S, Chareonviriyaphap T, Patil AP, Temperley WH, Gething PW, Elyazar IRF, Kabaria CW, Harbach RE, Hay SI. The dominant Anopheles vectors of human malaria in the Asia-Pacific region: occurrence data, distribution maps and bionomic précis. Parasit Vectors 2011; 4:89. [PMID: 21612587 PMCID: PMC3127851 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-4-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The final article in a series of three publications examining the global distribution of 41 dominant vector species (DVS) of malaria is presented here. The first publication examined the DVS from the Americas, with the second covering those species present in Africa, Europe and the Middle East. Here we discuss the 19 DVS of the Asian-Pacific region. This region experiences a high diversity of vector species, many occurring sympatrically, which, combined with the occurrence of a high number of species complexes and suspected species complexes, and behavioural plasticity of many of these major vectors, adds a level of entomological complexity not comparable elsewhere globally. To try and untangle the intricacy of the vectors of this region and to increase the effectiveness of vector control interventions, an understanding of the contemporary distribution of each species, combined with a synthesis of the current knowledge of their behaviour and ecology is needed. RESULTS Expert opinion (EO) range maps, created with the most up-to-date expert knowledge of each DVS distribution, were combined with a contemporary database of occurrence data and a suite of open access, environmental and climatic variables. Using the Boosted Regression Tree (BRT) modelling method, distribution maps of each DVS were produced. The occurrence data were abstracted from the formal, published literature, plus other relevant sources, resulting in the collation of DVS occurrence at 10116 locations across 31 countries, of which 8853 were successfully geo-referenced and 7430 were resolved to spatial areas that could be included in the BRT model. A detailed summary of the information on the bionomics of each species and species complex is also presented. CONCLUSIONS This article concludes a project aimed to establish the contemporary global distribution of the DVS of malaria. The three articles produced are intended as a detailed reference for scientists continuing research into the aspects of taxonomy, biology and ecology relevant to species-specific vector control. This research is particularly relevant to help unravel the complicated taxonomic status, ecology and epidemiology of the vectors of the Asia-Pacific region. All the occurrence data, predictive maps and EO-shape files generated during the production of these publications will be made available in the public domain. We hope that this will encourage data sharing to improve future iterations of the distribution maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne E Sinka
- Spatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Tinbergen Building, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Michael J Bangs
- Public Health and Malaria Control Department, PT Freeport Indonesia, Kuala Kencana, Papua, Indonesia
| | - Sylvie Manguin
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Lab. d'Immuno-Physiopathologie Moléculaire Comparée, UMR-MD3/Univ. Montpellier 1, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15, Ave Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Anand P Patil
- Spatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Tinbergen Building, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
| | - William H Temperley
- Spatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Tinbergen Building, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Peter W Gething
- Spatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Tinbergen Building, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
| | | | - Caroline W Kabaria
- Malaria Public Health and Epidemiology Group, Centre for Geographic Medicine, KEMRI - Univ. Oxford - Wellcome Trust Collaborative Programme, Kenyatta National Hospital Grounds, P.O. Box 43640-00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ralph E Harbach
- Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Simon I Hay
- Spatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Tinbergen Building, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
- Malaria Public Health and Epidemiology Group, Centre for Geographic Medicine, KEMRI - Univ. Oxford - Wellcome Trust Collaborative Programme, Kenyatta National Hospital Grounds, P.O. Box 43640-00100 Nairobi, Kenya
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Otsuka Y. Variation in number and formation of repeat sequences in the rDNA ITS2 region of five sibling species in the Anopheles barbirostris complex in Thailand. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2011; 11:137. [PMID: 22233453 PMCID: PMC3281368 DOI: 10.1673/031.011.13701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Repeat sequences of approximately 100 base pairs in length were found in the rDNA ITS2 region of Anopheles barbirostris van der Wulp (Diptera: Culicidae) species A1, A2, A3, A4, and An. campestris-like in the An. barbirostris complex. Variation in the number of repeats was observed among the five sibling species. Specifically, 10 repeats were observed in A1, eight in A2, A4, and campestris-like, and three in A3. Based on similarities in the sequences of the repeats, related repeats were classified into nine groups. Although A2, A4, and the campestris-like species had the same number of repeats, the ITS2 region of the three species contained different groups of repeats. Excluding the repeat sequences facilitated good alignment of the ITS2 region in the five sibling species. Phylogenetic analyses of the 95 isolines were compared with results obtained from mitochondrial genes (COI and COII). The results revealed marked differences among the five sibling species, particularly regarding the ITS2 region of A3, which was more distinct from the other four species than COI and COIL Repeat sequences in the ITS2 region of other Anopheles species retrieved from GenBank also were analyzed. New repeat sequences were found in An. beklemishevi Stegnii and Kabanova, An. crucians Wiedemann and An. funestus Giles, suggesting that the occurrence of repeat sequences in the ITS2 region are not rare in anopheline mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Otsuka
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Hasama, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan.
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Lee H, Song W, Kwak HR, Kim JD, Park J, Auh CK, Kim DH, Lee KY, Lee S, Choi HS. Phylogenetic analysis and inflow route of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and Bemisia tabaci in Korea. Mol Cells 2010; 30:467-76. [PMID: 20981497 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-010-0143-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is a member of the genus Begomovirus of the family Geminiviridae, members of which are characterized by closed circular single-stranded DNA genomes of 2.7-2.8 kb in length, and include viruses transmitted by the Bemisia tabaci whitefly. No reports of TYLCV in Korea are available prior to 2008, after which TYLCV spread rapidly to most regions of the southern Korean peninsula (Gyeongsang-Do, Jeolla-Do and Jeju-Do). Fifty full sequences of TYLCV were analyzed in this study, and the AC1, AV1, IR, and full sequences were analyzed via the muscle program and bayesian analysis. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the Korea TYLCVs were divided into two subgroups. The TYLCV Korea 1 group (Masan) originated from TYLCV Japan (Miyazaki) and the TYLCV Korea 2 group (Jeju/Jeonju) from TYLCV Japan (Tosa/Haruno). A B. tabaci phylogenetic tree was constructed with 16S rRNA and mitochondria cytochrome oxidase I (MtCOI) sequences using the muscle program and MEGA 4.0 in the neighbor-joining algorithm. The sequence data of 16S rRNA revealed that Korea B. tabaci was closely aligned to B. tabaci isolated in Iran and Nigeria. The Q type of B. tabaci, which was originally identified as a viruliferous insect in 2008, was initially isolated in Korea as a non-viruliferous insect in 2005. Therefore, we suggest that two TYLCV Japan isolates were introduced to Korea via different routes, and then transmitted by native B. tabaci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejung Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Korea
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Angulo A, Icochea J. Cryptic species complexes, widespread species and conservation: lessons from Amazonian frogs of theLeptodactylus marmoratusgroup (Anura: Leptodactylidae). SYST BIODIVERS 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2010.507264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Garros C, Mathieu B, Balenghien T, Cêtre-Sossah C, Delécolle JC. Suggesting synonymies? Comments on Kiehl et al. (2009) "the European vectors of Bluetongue virus: are there species complexes, single species or races in Culicoides obsoletus and C. pulicaris detectable by sequencing ITS-1, ITS-2 and 18S-rDNA?". Parasitol Res 2010; 107:731-4. [PMID: 20512587 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-1921-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Species recognition and identification are crucial in any biological studies, especially when dealing with insect species involved in pathogen transmission. In recent years, molecular approaches have helped the clarification of systematic schemes and taxonomic status. Kiehl et al. (Parasitol Res 105:331-336, 2009) used molecular data to discuss the taxonomic status of biting midge species in the Palaearctic region. In the present work, the statements that "[Thus] there is no molecular support for the existence of a separate species C. montanus" and "[Therefore] probably C. scoticus should be considered only as a race of C. obsoletus" are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Garros
- UMR CMAEE CIRAD-INRA, Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes, Campus International de Baillarguet TA-A15/A, bureau A210, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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Mohanty A, Swain S, Kar SK, Hazra RK. Analysis of the phylogenetic relationship of Anopheles species, subgenus Cellia (Diptera: Culicidae) and using it to define the relationship of morphologically similar species. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2009; 9:1204-24. [PMID: 19577013 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2009.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2009] [Revised: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the relationship of various vectors and non-vectors of malaria from the evolutionary point of view are important. Use of molecular methods to define phylogeny helps to understand the interrelationship among the members of the anophelines and elucidate the ambiguity that has arisen from improper classification. It could also help to design molecular markers for species differentiation, particularly in those which pose difficulty when classified, based on morphological features. In the present study, the phylogenetic relationships among the species of the anophelines of subgenus Cellia are inferred from the mitochondrial genes COI and COII, the ribosomal RNA gene, in particular the D3 region, and Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) region. The molecular phylogeny obtained in this work matches with that of the classical morphological taxonomy reasonably well, and was useful in properly defining species positions and resolving the ambiguity that normally arises due to morphological taxonomy. The correct arrangement of the various anopheline taxa as per the traditional morphological character-based classification of anophelines was there when we considered the D3 region of 28S rRNA gene and ITS2 region of rDNA. However, the arrangement of the taxa did not match with that of the morphological classification in some aspects, when we considered the COI and COII region of mitochondrial DNA. It may have been due to the variable degree of the rate of evolution of the different genes within the organism. Thus, a proper selection of those particular genes that evolve at the rate that is reflected at the species differentiation level, could help to construct the correct phylogenetic relationship among the anophelines and could be used to correlate with the grouping pattern done from the morphological perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitav Mohanty
- Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
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Zhou XN, Lv S, Yang GJ, Kristensen TK, Bergquist NR, Utzinger J, Malone JB. Spatial epidemiology in zoonotic parasitic diseases: insights gained at the 1st International Symposium on Geospatial Health in Lijiang, China, 2007. Parasit Vectors 2009; 2:10. [PMID: 19193214 PMCID: PMC2663554 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-2-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2008] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The 1st International Symposium on Geospatial Health was convened in Lijiang, Yunnan province, People's Republic of China from 8 to 9 September, 2007. The objective was to review progress made with the application of spatial techniques on zoonotic parasitic diseases, particularly in Southeast Asia. The symposium featured 71 presentations covering soil-transmitted and water-borne helminth infections, as well as arthropod-borne diseases such as leishmaniasis, malaria and lymphatic filariasis. The work made public at this occasion is briefly summarized here to highlight the advances made and to put forth research priorities in this area. Approaches such as geographical information systems (GIS), global positioning systems (GPS) and remote sensing (RS), including spatial statistics, web-based GIS and map visualization of field investigations, figured prominently in the presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, PR China.
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