1
|
Astudillo-Clavijo V, Varella H, Mankis T, López-Fernández H. Historical Field Records Reveal Habitat as an Ecological Correlate of Locomotor Phenotypic Diversity in the Radiation of Neotropical Geophagini Fishes. Am Nat 2024; 204:147-164. [PMID: 39008839 DOI: 10.1086/730783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
AbstractPhenotypic macroevolutionary studies provide insight into how ecological processes shape biodiversity. However, the complexity of phenotype-ecology relationships underscores the importance of also validating phenotype-based ecological inference with direct evidence of resource use. Unfortunately, macroevolutionary-scale ecological studies are often hindered by the challenges of acquiring taxonomically and spatially representative ecological data for large and widely distributed clades. The South American cichlid fish tribe Geophagini represents a continentally distributed radiation whose early locomotor morphological divergence suggests habitat as one ecological correlate of diversification, but an association between locomotor traits and habitat preference has not been corroborated. Field notes accumulated over decades of collecting across South America provide firsthand environmental records that can be mined for habitat data in support of macroevolutionary ecological research. In this study, we applied a newly developed method to transform descriptive field note information into quantitative habitat data and used it to assess habitat preference and its relationship to locomotor morphology in Geophagini. Field note-derived data shed light on geophagine habitat use patterns and reinforced habitat as an ecological correlate of locomotor morphological diversity. Our work emphasizes the rich data potential of museum collections, including often-overlooked material such as field notes, for evolutionary and ecological research.
Collapse
|
2
|
Gustiano R, Haryani GS, Aisyah S, Nur FM, Kartika GRA, Noegroho T, Arthana IW, Albasri H, Larashati S, Haryono H, Kusmini II, Yosmaniar Y, Syam AR, Taufik I, Setiadi E, Permana IGN. Ecophenotypic Variation of Midas Cichlid, Amphilophus citrinellus (Gunther, 1864), in Lake Batur, Bali, Indonesia. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e279429. [PMID: 38422298 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.279429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Cichlid fishes exhibit rapid adaptive radiations with significant diversification rates in response to ecological variability, i.e., ecological opportunity or geographical isolation. The discovery of a Midas cichlid species in Lake Batur, Indonesia's largest volcanic lake, first reported in 2013, could represent such adaptations. Midas cichlids can now be found in a range of habitats in Lake Batur and dominate the lake's fish population by up to 60%. This study aimed to identify the interaction between habitat, water quality, and Midas cichlid in Lake Batur, facilitating morphometric variances in the fish populations. The fish were captured at five locations in Lake Batur using fishing rods, community nets with mesh sizes of 2-3 inches, experimental gillnets with mesh sizes of 1 inch, and fish scoops in floating net cages during August and November 2022. There were 46 fish samples caught from the five stations, all photographed using a digital camera and later measured using the ZEN 2012 software. The fish measurement employed a truss morphometric method using 21 distinct morphometric body features. Canonical analysis was used to determine the distribution of characteristics, while discriminant analysis was used to examine the closeness of association. The measured water quality parameters included pH, DO, temperature, conductivity, and TDS for in-situ and TSS, TP, TN, and chlorophyll A for ex-situ. The findings revealed morphometric changes among Midas cichlid species in Lake Batur caused by habitat and water quality differences. The distinction can be detected in the anterior and posterior bodies (C1, B1, C3, C6, C5, B3 and B4). Temperature and aquatic plants, Azolla pinnata, may detect the station and shape of fish in Lake Batur. Body shape cannot be identified by chlorophyll A, TN, DO, and TDS. Future genetic research could answer why fish groups with varied body types coexist in the same location.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Gustiano
- National Research and Innovation Agency, Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - G S Haryani
- National Research and Innovation Agency, Research Center for Limnology and Water Resources, Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - S Aisyah
- National Research and Innovation Agency, Research Center for Limnology and Water Resources, Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - F M Nur
- National Research and Innovation Agency, Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Gde R A Kartika
- Udayana University, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Bali, Indonesia
| | - T Noegroho
- National Research and Innovation Agency, Research Center for Fisheries, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - I W Arthana
- Udayana University, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Bali, Indonesia
| | - H Albasri
- National Research and Innovation Agency, Research Center for Fisheries, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - S Larashati
- National Research and Innovation Agency, Research Center for Limnology and Water Resources, Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - H Haryono
- National Research and Innovation Agency, Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - I I Kusmini
- National Research and Innovation Agency, Research Center for Applied Zoology, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Y Yosmaniar
- National Research and Innovation Agency, Research Center for Marine and Land Bioindustry, North Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
| | - A R Syam
- National Research and Innovation Agency, Research Center for Conservation of Marine and Inland Water Resources, Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - I Taufik
- National Research and Innovation Agency, Research Center for Fisheries, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - E Setiadi
- National Research and Innovation Agency, Research Center for Fisheries, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - I G N Permana
- National Research and Innovation Agency, Research Center for Fisheries, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Cibinong, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chuctaya J, Nitschke P, Andrade MC, Wingert J, Malabarba LR. A new species of Geophagus (Teleostei: Cichlidae): Naming a cichlid species widely known in the aquarium hobby as 'Geophagus sp. Tapajos red head'. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 101:1388-1404. [PMID: 36059085 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A new species of Geophagus sensu stricto is described from the Tapajos River basin, Brazil, elevating the number of species of the genus to 21. The new species is of commercial importance and is known in the aquarist trade as Geophagus 'red head'. The new species is diagnosed using an integrative approach, based on mitochondrial DNA analysis along with morphological evidence. The new species is distinguished from all congeners by the absence of markings on the head, the bar pattern composed by nine vertical bars on the flanks and the presence of distinct longitudinal bands in the caudal fin. Additionally, it shows a genetic distance of at least 2.0% in cytochrome b gene sequences from its closest congeners. Molecular analysis including most genera of Cichlidae from South America corroborates that the new species belongs to the group of Geophagus sensu stricto.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junior Chuctaya
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratorio de Ictiología, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Pedro Nitschke
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcelo C Andrade
- Núcleo de Ecologia Aquática e Pesca da Amazônia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Centro de Ciências Humanas, Naturais, Saúde e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Pinheiro, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Juliana Wingert
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luiz R Malabarba
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Estivals G, Duponchelle F, García-Dávila C, Römer U, Mariac C, Renno JF. Exceptional Genetic Differentiation at a Micro-geographic Scale in Apistogramma agassizii (Steindachner, 1875) from the Peruvian Amazon: Sympatric Speciation? Evol Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-022-09587-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
|
5
|
Astudillo-Clavijo V, Stiassny MLJ, Ilves KL, Musilova Z, Salzburger W, López-Fernández H. Exon-based phylogenomics and the relationships of African cichlid fishes: tackling the challenges of reconstructing phylogenies with repeated rapid radiations. Syst Biol 2022; 72:134-149. [PMID: 35880863 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syac051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
African cichlids (subfamily: Pseudocrenilabrinae) are among the most diverse vertebrates, and their propensity for repeated rapid radiation has made them a celebrated model system in evolutionary research. Nonetheless, despite numerous studies, phylogenetic uncertainty persists, and riverine lineages remain comparatively underrepresented in higher-level phylogenetic studies. Heterogeneous gene histories resulting from incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) and hybridization are likely sources of uncertainty, especially during episodes of rapid speciation. We investigate relationships of Pseudocrenilabrinae and its close relatives while accounting for multiple sources of genetic discordance using species tree and hybrid network analyses with hundreds of single-copy exons. We improve sequence recovery for distant relatives, thereby extending the taxonomic reach of our probes, with a hybrid reference guided/de novo assembly approach. Our analyses provide robust hypotheses for most higher-level relationships and reveal widespread gene heterogeneity, including in riverine taxa. ILS and past hybridization are identified as sources of genetic discordance in different lineages. Sampling of various Blenniiformes (formerly Ovalentaria) adds strong phylogenomic support for convict blennies (Pholidichthyidae) as sister to Cichlidae, and points to other potentially useful protein-coding markers across the order. A reliable phylogeny with representatives from diverse environments will support ongoing taxonomic and comparative evolutionary research in the cichlid model system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Astudillo-Clavijo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3B2, Canada.,Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, M5S 2C6, Canada.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA
| | - Melanie L J Stiassny
- Department of Ichthyology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, 10024-5102, USA
| | - Katriina L Ilves
- Research & Collections, Zoology, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, K1P 6P4, Canada
| | - Zuzana Musilova
- Department of Zoology, Charles University in Prague, Vinicna 7, Prague, CZ-128 44, Czech Republic
| | - Walter Salzburger
- Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, CH-4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hernán López-Fernández
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3B2, Canada.,Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, M5S 2C6, Canada.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Burress ED, Piálek L, Casciotta J, Almirón A, Říčan O. Rapid Parallel Morphological and Mechanical Diversification of South American Pike Cichlids (Crenicichla). Syst Biol 2022; 72:120-133. [PMID: 35244182 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Explosive bouts of diversification are one of the most conspicuous features of the tree of life. When such bursts are repeated in similar environments it suggests some degree of predictability in the evolutionary process. We assess parallel adaptive radiation of South American pike cichlids (Crenicichla) using phylogenomics and phylogenetic comparative methods. We find that species flocks in the Uruguay and Iguazú River basins rapidly diversified into the same set of ecomorphs that reflect feeding ecology. Both adaptive radiations involve expansion of functional morphology, resulting in unique jaw phenotypes. Yet, form and function were decoupled such that most ecomorphs share similar mechanical properties of the jaws (i.e., jaw motion during a feeding strike). Prey mobility explained six to nine-fold differences in the rate of morphological evolution, but had no effect on the rate of mechanical evolution. We find no evidence of gene flow between species flocks or with surrounding coastal lineages that may explain their rapid diversification. When compared to cichlids of the East African Great Lakes and other prominent adaptive radiations, pike cichlids share many themes, including rapid expansion of phenotypic diversity, specialization along the benthic-to-pelagic habitat and soft-to-hard prey axes, and the evolution of conspicuous functional innovations. Yet, decoupled evolution of form and function and the absence of hybridization as a catalyzing force are departures from patterns observed in other adaptive radiations. Many-to-one mapping of morphology to mechanical properties is a mechanism by which pike cichlids exhibit a diversity of feeding ecologies while avoiding exacerbating underlying mechanical trade-offs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward D Burress
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lubomír Piálek
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jorge Casciotta
- División Zoología Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo,UNLP, Paseo del Bosque, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CIC,Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Adriana Almirón
- División Zoología Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo,UNLP, Paseo del Bosque, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oldřich Říčan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Azambuja M, Marcondes DS, Nogaroto V, Moreira-Filho O, Vicari MR. Population structuration and chromosomal features homogeneity in Parodon nasus (Characiformes: Parodontidae): A comparison between Lower and Upper Paraná River representatives. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The ichthyofauna of the La Plata hydrographic basin is divided into Upper and Lower Paraná River systems due to the geographic isolation of the Sete Quedas waterfalls, currently flooded by the lake of the Itaipu dam. In Parodontidae, pairs of species, or groups of cryptic species were described between these systems. Although genetic isolation and speciation have already been proposed in other species in the group, Parodon nasus has been maintained as a valid species and distributed throughout the La Plata river basin. In this perspective, specimens of P. nasus from four different sampling sites in the Upper and Lower Paraná River systems were compared regarding the karyotypes, molecular analyzes of population biology and species delimitation to investigate their genetic and population isolation in the La Plata river basin. Despite a geographic barrier and the immense geographic distance separating the specimens sampled from the Lower Paraná River system compared to those from the Upper Paraná River, the data obtained showed P. nasus as a unique taxon. Thus, unlike other species of Parodontidae that showed diversification when comparing the groups residing in the Lower versus Upper Paraná River, P. nasus showed a population structure and a karyotypic homogeneity.
Collapse
|
8
|
Říčan O, Říčanová Š, Almirón A, Casciotta J, Piálek L. Parallel evolution of a new sympatric species pair of
Crenicichla
(Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Misiones, Argentina with a review of biogeography and mitonuclear discordance in the
C. mandelburgeri
species complex. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oldřich Říčan
- Faculty of Science Department of Zoology University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Štěpánka Říčanová
- Faculty of Science Department of Zoology University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Adriana Almirón
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo División Zoología Vertebrados UNLP La Plata Argentina
| | - Jorge Casciotta
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo División Zoología Vertebrados UNLP La Plata Argentina
- CIC, Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Lubomír Piálek
- Faculty of Science Department of Zoology University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Říčan O, Dragová K, Almirón A, Casciotta J, Gottwald J, Piálek L. MtDNA species-level phylogeny and delimitation support significantly underestimated diversity and endemism in the largest Neotropical cichlid genus (Cichlidae: Crenicichla). PeerJ 2021; 9:e12283. [PMID: 34820161 PMCID: PMC8588857 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Crenicichla is the largest and most widely distributed genus of Neotropical cichlids. Here, we analyze a mtDNA dataset comprising 681 specimens (including Teleocichla, a putative ingroup of Crenicichla) and 77 out of 105 presently recognized valid species (plus 10 out of 36 nominal synonyms plus over 50 putatively new species) from 129 locations in 31 major river drainages throughout the whole distribution of the genus in South America. Based on these data we make an inventory of diversity and highlight taxa and biogeographic areas worthy of further sampling effort and conservation protection. Using three methods of molecular species delimitation, we find between 126 and 168 species-like clusters, i.e., an average increase of species diversity of 65–121% with a range of increase between species groups. The increase ranges from 0% in the Missioneira and Macrophthama groups, through 25–40% (Lacustris group), 50–87% (Reticulata group, Teleocichla), 68–168% (Saxatilis group), 125–200% (Wallacii group), and 158–241% in the Lugubris group. We found a high degree of congruence between clusters derived from the three used methods of species delimitation. Overall, our results recognize substantially underestimated diversity in Crenicichla including Teleocichla. Most of the newly delimited putative species are from the Amazon-Orinoco-Guiana (AOG) core area (Greater Amazonia) of the Neotropical region, especially from the Brazilian and Guiana shield areas of which the former is under the largest threat and largest degree of environmental degradation of all the Amazon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oldřich Říčan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Dragová
- Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Adriana Almirón
- División Zoología Vertebrados, UNLP, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, La Plata, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina
| | - Jorge Casciotta
- CIC, Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,UNLP, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, División Zoología Vertebrados, Paseo del Bosque, La Plata, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina
| | - Jens Gottwald
- Heinrich-Lödding-Str. 14, 30823 Garbsen, Garbsen, Germany
| | - Lubomír Piálek
- Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Levin B, Simonov E, Franchini P, Mugue N, Golubtsov A, Meyer A. Rapid adaptive radiation in a hillstream cyprinid fish in the East African White Nile River basin. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:5530-5550. [PMID: 34409661 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive radiation of freshwater fishes was long thought to be possible only in lacustrine environments. Recently, several studies have shown that riverine and stream environments also provide the ecological opportunity for adaptive radiation. In this study, we report on a riverine adaptive radiation of six ecomorphs of cyprinid hillstream fishes of the genus Garra in a river located in the Ethiopian Highlands in East Africa. Garra are predominantly highly specialized algae-scrapers with a wide distribution ranging from Southeast Asia to West Africa. However, adaptive phenotypic diversification in mouth type, sucking disc morphology, gut length and body shape have probably been found among these ecomorphs in a single Ethiopian river. Moreover, we found two novel phenotypes of Garra ("thick-lipped" and "predatory") that had not been discovered before in this species-rich genus (>160 species). Mitochondrial and genome-wide data suggest monophyletic, intrabasin evolution of Garra phenotypic diversity with signatures of gene flow from other local populations. Although sympatric ecomorphs are genetically distinct and can be considered to being young species as suggested by genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism data, mitochondrial DNA was unable to identify any genetic structure suggesting recent and rapid speciation events. Some data suggest a hybrid origin of the novel "thick-lipped" ecomorph. Here we highlight how, driven by ecological opportunity, an ancestral trophically highly specialized lineage is likely to have rapidly radiated in a riverine environment promoted by the evolution of novel feeding strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Levin
- Papanin Institute of Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Russia.,Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Cherepovets State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgeniy Simonov
- Institute of Environmental and Agricultural Biology (X-BIO), University of Tyumen, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Paolo Franchini
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Nikolai Mugue
- Koltzov Institute for Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Golubtsov
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Axel Meyer
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ribolli J, Zaniboni Filho E, Scaranto BMS, Shibatta OA, Machado CB. Cryptic diversity and diversification processes in three cis-Andean Rhamdia species (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) revealed by DNA barcoding. Genet Mol Biol 2021; 44:e20200470. [PMID: 34254973 PMCID: PMC8276235 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2020-0470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The wide distribution of the Neotropical freshwater catfish Rhamdia offers an excellent opportunity to investigate the historical processes responsible for modeling South America’s hydrogeological structure. We used sequences from cis-Andean and Mesoamerican Rhamdia species to reconstruct and estimate divergence times among cis-Andean lineages, correlating the results with known geological events. Species delimitation methods based on distance (DNA barcoding and BIN) and coalescence (GMYC) approaches identified nine well-supported lineages from the cis-Andean region from sequences available in the BOLD dataset. The cis-Andean Rhamdia lineages diversification process began in Eocene and represented the split between cis-Andean and Mesoamerican clades. The cis-Andean clade contains two principal groups: Northwest clade (MOTUs from Amazon, Essequibo, Paraguay, and Itapecuru basins) and Southeast clade (Eastern Brazilian shield basins (Paraná, Uruguay, Iguaçu, and São Francisco) plus eastern coastal basins). The diversification of the cis-Andean Rhamdia lineages results from vicariance and geodispersion events, which played a key role in the current intricate distribution pattern of the Rhamdia lineages. The wide geographical distribution and large size of the specimens make it attractive to cultivate in different countries of the Neotropical region. The lineages delimitation minimizes identification mistakes, unintentional crossings by aquaculture, and reduces natural stocks contamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josiane Ribolli
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Aquicultura, Lagoa do Peri, Laboratório de Biologia e Cultivo de Peixes de Água Doce, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Evoy Zaniboni Filho
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Aquicultura, Lagoa do Peri, Laboratório de Biologia e Cultivo de Peixes de Água Doce, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Bianca Maria Soares Scaranto
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Aquicultura, Lagoa do Peri, Laboratório de Biologia e Cultivo de Peixes de Água Doce, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Oscar Akio Shibatta
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Carolina Barros Machado
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Molecular phylogeny and species delimitation of the genus Schizodon (Characiformes, Anostomidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 153:106959. [PMID: 32920128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The genus Schizodon is part of a group of headstanders and relatives (Family Anostomidae) that are widespread and ecologically important fishes in South American rivers. Schizodon includes 15 nominal species but their taxonomy has been challenging due to paucity of decisive characters to diagnose species. We present new molecular data to assess species boundaries or molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs), and to infer phylogenetic relationships among species. Evidence from two mitochondrial and three nuclear genes was used in these analyses. Mitochondrial DNA data for 112 specimens (from 11 nominal species) supported 13 consensus MOTUs, six of which matched valid nominal species (Schizodon borellii, S. fasciatus, S. intermedius, S. isognathus, S. knerii and S. scotorhabdotus). The nominal species Schizodon vittatus, S. nasutus, and S. dissimilis were subdivided into two MOTUs each, revealing either cryptic species or strong population structuring. In contrast, S. platae and S. jacuiensis constituted a single MOTU, indicating a possible case of synonymy. Our phylogenetic analysis subdivided the genus Schizodon into two large clades that are compatible with observed color patterns and biogeographic distribution. The first clade includes species with three to four conspicuous dark vertical bars on the flanks that originated in the Amazonas region (S. borellii, S. dissimilis, S. intermedius, S. fasciatus, S. scotorhabdotus, S. vittatus, and a cryptic species, Schizodon aff. vittatus). The second clade includes species with a conspicuous dark caudal blotch on the caudal peduncle, with vertical bars absent or inconspicuous, with a biogeographic origin in the La Plata drainage (S. isognathus, S. jacuiensis, S. knerii, S. nasutus and S. platae). Our results reinforce the importance of using molecular analyses to accelerate the study of diversity, particularly in groups with a wide distribution, few variable meristic characters, and high morphological plasticity, which may hide still unknown or underestimated diversity.
Collapse
|
13
|
Melnik NO, Esin EV. Skull Morphology Variation as Related to Trophic Specialization in Three Forms of Salvelinus malma (Salmonidae) from the Kamchatka River Basin. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2020; 492:75-78. [PMID: 32632830 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496620030059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
New data on the correlation between morphology and trophic specialization of three riverine charr forms from the Kamchatka River basin (stone charr, white charr, and Dolly Varden) are presented. The paper analyzes the food preferences of the fishes according to their stomach contents and retrospectively assesses their nutrition according to the ratio of stable nitrogen isotopes. The three charr forms are compared in terms of the head shape and structure of the cartilaginous skull for the first time. The correlation between the type of their nutrition and structural features of their skull is shown. Both general and specific adaptive features of the morphology of piscivorous stone and white charrs are revealed in comparison with benthivorous Dolly Varden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N O Melnik
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - E V Esin
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pérez-Miranda F, Mejía O, González-Díaz AA, Martínez-Méndez N, Soto-Galera E, Zúñiga G, Říčan O. The role of head shape and trophic variation in the diversification of the genus Herichthys in sympatry and allopatry. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 96:1370-1378. [PMID: 32128818 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study we evaluated the putative cases of sympatric speciation in the genus Herichthys by studying the variation in head shape using principal component analysis, phylomorphospace and reconstructions of the ancestral states of feeding preferences. Herichthys includes both allopatric and sympatric sister species, as well as sympatric unrelated species and thus offers great potential for evolutionary studies of putatively sympatric speciation. Herichthys is the northernmost group of cichlids in America and one of the most ecologically disparate genera within Middle American cichlids. Fifteen anatomical points were recorded on the heads of 293 specimens of the 11 species recognized within the genus. The results show that in spite of having wide variation in consumed diets, most species of Herichthys are close in morphospace. However, morphological variation was great among the two pairs of sympatric sister species in agreement with the suggested sympatric model of speciation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Pérez-Miranda
- Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Omar Mejía
- Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alfonso A González-Díaz
- Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Mexico
| | - Norberto Martínez-Méndez
- Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Soto-Galera
- Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Zúñiga
- Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Oldrich Říčan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Levin BA, Simonov E, Dgebuadze YY, Levina M, Golubtsov AS. In the rivers: Multiple adaptive radiations of cyprinid fishes (Labeobarbus) in Ethiopian Highlands. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7192. [PMID: 32346059 PMCID: PMC7189375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple repeated patterns of adaptive radiation were revealed in cyprinid fish inhabiting the compact geographic region of the Ethiopian Highlands. We found four independently evolved radiations in the evolutionary hexaploid (2n = 150) Labeobarbus lineage based on matrilineal relationships of >800 individuals. Each radiation displayed similar patterns of mouth phenotype diversification, and included ecomorphs/species of the generalized, lipped, scraping (one or two), and large-mouthed (one to three) types. All radiations were detected in geographically isolated rivers, and originated from different ancestral populations. This is the first documented case in which numerous parallel radiations of fishes occurred-via different ways-in a riverine environment. Some radiations are very recent and monophyletic, while others are older and include ecomorphs that originated in separate mini flocks and later combined into one. The diversification bursts among Ethiopian Labeobarbus were detected in the mid-upper reaches of rivers (1050-1550 m above sea level), which likely offer ecological opportunities that include diverse habitats yet poor fauna (i.e. lower competition and relaxed selection). This promising example of parallel evolution of adaptive radiation warrants further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boris A Levin
- Papanin Institute of Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Russia. .,Cherepovets State University, Cherepovets, Russia.
| | - Evgeniy Simonov
- Institute of Environmental and Agricultural Biology (X-BIO), University of Tyumen, Tyumen, Russia.,Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Yury Y Dgebuadze
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Levina
- Papanin Institute of Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Russia
| | - Alexander S Golubtsov
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Melnik NO, Markevich GN, Taylor EB, Loktyushkin AV, Esin EV. Evidence for divergence between sympatric stone charr and Dolly Varden along unique environmental gradients in Kamchatka. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric B. Taylor
- Department of Zoology Biodiversity Research Centre and Beaty Biodiversity Museum University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | | | - Evgeny V. Esin
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Moscow Russia
- Kronotsky Nature Biosphere Reserve Yelizovo Russia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Weiss S, Secci‐Petretto G, Antonov A, Froufe E. Multiple species of grayling (Thymallussp.) found in sympatry in a remote tributary of the Amur River. ZOOL SCR 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Weiss
- Institute of Biology University of Graz Graz Austria
| | - Giulia Secci‐Petretto
- CIIMAR/CIMAR Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões University of Porto Matosinhos Portugal
- Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences U. Porto ‐ University of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Alexander Antonov
- Institute of Water and Ecological Problems Far Eastern Division Russian Academy of Sciences Khabarovsk Russia
| | - Elsa Froufe
- CIIMAR/CIMAR Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões University of Porto Matosinhos Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wagner Werneck Félix da Costa G, de Bello Cioffi M, Liehr T, Feldberg E, Antonio Carlos Bertollo L, Franco Molina W. Extensive Chromosomal Reorganization in Apistogramma Fishes (Cichlidae, Cichlinae) Fits the Complex Evolutionary Diversification of the Genus. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4077. [PMID: 31438504 PMCID: PMC6747227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neotropical cichlid fishes are one of the most diversified and evolutionarily successful species assemblages. Extremely similar forms and intraspecific polychromatism present challenges for the taxonomy of some of these groups. Several species complexes have a largely unknown origin and unresolved evolutionary processes. Dwarf cichlids of the genus Apistogramma, comprising more than a hundred species, exhibit intricate taxonomic and biogeographic patterns, with both allopatric and sympatric distributions. However, karyotype evolution and the role of chromosomal changes in Apistogramma are still unknown. In the present study, nine South American Apistogramma species were analyzed using conventional cytogenetic methods and the mapping of repetitive DNA sequences [18S rDNA, 5S rDNA, and (TTAGGG)n] by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Our results showed that Apistogramma has unique cytogenetic characteristics in relation to closely related groups, such as a reduced 2n and a large number of bi-armed chromosomes. Interspecific patterns revealed a scenario of remarkable karyotypic changes, including a reduction of 2n, the occurrence of B-chromosomes and evolutionary dynamic of rDNA tandem repeats. In addition to the well-known pre-zygotic reproductive isolation, the karyotype reorganization in the genus suggests that chromosomal changes could act as postzygotic barriers in areas where Apistogramma congeners overlap.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcelo de Bello Cioffi
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km. 235, C.P. 676, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich Schiller University, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany.
| | - Eliana Feldberg
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Laboratório de Genética Animal, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Manaus 69077-000, AM, Brazil
| | - Luiz Antonio Carlos Bertollo
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km. 235, C.P. 676, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Wagner Franco Molina
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Burress ED, Piálek L, Casciotta JR, Almirón A, Tan M, Armbruster JW, Říčan O. Island- and lake-like parallel adaptive radiations replicated in rivers. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 285:rspb.2017.1762. [PMID: 29298932 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.1762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parallel adaptive radiations have arisen following the colonization of islands by lizards and lakes by fishes. In these classic examples, parallel adaptive radiation is a response to the ecological opportunities afforded by the colonization of novel ecosystems and similar adaptive landscapes that favour the evolution of similar suites of ecomorphs, despite independent evolutionary histories. Here, we demonstrate that parallel adaptive radiations of cichlid fishes arose in South American rivers. Speciation-assembled communities of pike cichlids (Crenicichla) have independently diversified into similar suites of novel ecomorphs in the Uruguay and Paraná Rivers, including crevice feeders, periphyton grazers and molluscivores. There were bursts in phenotypic evolution associated with the colonization of each river and the subsequent expansion of morphospace following the evolution of the ecomorphs. These riverine clades demonstrate that characteristics emblematic of textbook parallel adaptive radiations of island- and lake-dwelling assemblages are feasible evolutionary outcomes even in labile ecosystems such as rivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward D Burress
- Department of Biological Sciences and Auburn University Museum of Natural History, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Lubomír Piálek
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jorge R Casciotta
- División Zoologia Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana Almirón
- División Zoologia Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Milton Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Auburn University Museum of Natural History, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Jonathan W Armbruster
- Department of Biological Sciences and Auburn University Museum of Natural History, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Oldřich Říčan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Prazdnikov DV, Shkil FN. The Experimental Heterochronies in a Green Terror Cichlid Andinoacara rivulatus (Teleostei: Cichlidae: Cichlasomatinae) Indicate a Role of Developmental Changes in the Cichlids Coloration Evolution. BIOL BULL+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359019010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
21
|
Varella HR, Ito PMM. Crenicichla dandara, new species: the black jacundá from the Rio Xingu (Teleostei: Cichlidae). PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1635/053.166.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henrique R. Varella
- Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 42494, 04218-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila Madoka M. Ito
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Coleção de Peixes do INPA, Av. André Araújo, 690
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Burress ED, Alda F, Duarte A, Loureiro M, Armbruster JW, Chakrabarty P. Phylogenomics of pike cichlids (Cichlidae: Crenicichla): the rapid ecological speciation of an incipient species flock. J Evol Biol 2017; 31:14-30. [PMID: 29044782 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The rapid rise of phenotypic and ecological diversity in independent lake-dwelling groups of cichlids is emblematic of the East African Great Lakes. In this study, we show that similar ecologically based diversification has occurred in pike cichlids (Crenicichla) throughout the Uruguay River drainage of South America. We collected genomic data from nearly 500 ultraconserved element (UCEs) loci and >260 000 base pairs across 33 species, to obtain a phylogenetic hypothesis for the major species groups and to evaluate the relationships and genetic structure among five closely related, endemic, co-occurring species (the Uruguay River species flock; URSF). Additionally, we evaluated ecological divergence of the URSF based on body and lower pharyngeal jaw (LPJ) shape and gut contents. Across the genus, we recovered novel relationships among the species groups. We found strong support for the monophyly of the URSF; however, relationships among these species remain problematic, likely because of the rapid and recent evolution of this clade. Clustered co-ancestry analysis recovered most species as well delimited genetic groups. The URSF species exhibit species-specific body and LPJ shapes associated with specialized trophic roles. Collectively, our results suggest that the URSF consists of incipient species that arose via ecological speciation associated with the exploration of novel trophic roles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E D Burress
- Department of Biological Sciences and Auburn University Museum of Natural History, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - F Alda
- Museum of Natural Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - A Duarte
- Sección Zoología Vertebrados, Departmento de Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - M Loureiro
- Sección Zoología Vertebrados, Departmento de Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Sección Ictología, Departmento de Zoología, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - J W Armbruster
- Department of Biological Sciences and Auburn University Museum of Natural History, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - P Chakrabarty
- Museum of Natural Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Burress ED, Tan M. Ecological opportunity alters the timing and shape of adaptive radiation. Evolution 2017; 71:2650-2660. [PMID: 28895124 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The uneven distribution of diversity is a conspicuous phenomenon across the tree of life. Ecological opportunity is a prominent catalyst of adaptive radiation and therefore may alter patterns of diversification. We evaluated the distribution of shifts in diversification rates across the cichlid phylogeny and the distribution of major clades across phylogenetic space. We also tested if ecological opportunity influenced these patterns. Colonization-associated ecological opportunity altered the tempo and mode of diversification during the adaptive radiation of cichlid fishes. Clades that arose following colonization events diversified faster than other clades. Speciation rate shifts were nonrandomly distributed across the phylogeny such that they were disproportionally concentrated around nodes that corresponded with colonization events (i.e., of continents, river basins, or lakes). Young clades tend to expand faster than older clades; however, colonization-associated ecological opportunity accentuated this pattern. There was an interaction between clade age and ecological opportunity that explained the trajectory of clades through phylogenetic space over time. Our results indicate that ecological opportunities afforded by continental and ecosystem-scale colonization events explain the dramatic speciation rate heterogeneity and phylogenetic imbalance that arose during the evolutionary history of cichlid fishes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward D Burress
- Department of Biological Sciences and Auburn University Museum of Natural History, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Milton Tan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tougard C, García Dávila CR, Römer U, Duponchelle F, Cerqueira F, Paradis E, Guinand B, Angulo Chávez C, Salas V, Quérouil S, Sirvas S, Renno JF. Tempo and rates of diversification in the South American cichlid genus Apistogramma (Teleostei: Perciformes: Cichlidae). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182618. [PMID: 28873089 PMCID: PMC5584756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluating biodiversity and understanding the processes involved in diversification are noticeable conservation issues in fishes subject to large, sometimes illegal, ornamental trade purposes. Here, the diversity and evolutionary history of the Neotropical dwarf cichlid genus Apistogramma from several South American countries are investigated. Mitochondrial and nuclear markers are used to infer phylogenetic relationships between 31 genetically identified species. The monophyly of Apistogramma is suggested, and Apistogramma species are distributed into four clades, corresponding to three morphological lineages. Divergence times estimated with the Yule process and an uncorrelated lognormal clock dated the Apistogramma origin to the beginning of the Eocene (≈ 50 Myr) suggesting that diversification might be related to marine incursions. Our molecular dating also suggests that the Quaternary glacial cycles coincide with the phases leading to Apistogramma speciation. These past events did not influence diversification rates in the speciose genus Apistogramma, since diversification appeared low and constant through time. Further characterization of processes involved in recent Apistogramma diversity will be necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Tougard
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM), UMR CNRS/UM/EPHE 5554, IRD 226, CIRAD 117, Montpellier, France
| | - Carmen R. García Dávila
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Laboratorio de Biología y Genética Molecular, Iquitos, Perú
| | - Uwe Römer
- University of Trier, Institute of Biogeography, Department of Geo-Sciences, Trier, Germany
| | - Fabrice Duponchelle
- UMR Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, MNHN, UPMC, CNRS-7208, IRD-207, UCBN, Paris, France
| | - Frédérique Cerqueira
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM), UMR CNRS/UM/EPHE 5554, IRD 226, CIRAD 117, Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuel Paradis
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM), UMR CNRS/UM/EPHE 5554, IRD 226, CIRAD 117, Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Guinand
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM), UMR CNRS/UM/EPHE 5554, IRD 226, CIRAD 117, Montpellier, France
| | - Carlos Angulo Chávez
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Laboratorio de Biología y Genética Molecular, Iquitos, Perú
| | - Vanessa Salas
- Universidad Nacional Federico Villareal, Facultad de Oceanografía, Pesquería, Ciencias Alimentarias y Acuicultura, Lima, Perú
| | - Sophie Quérouil
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM), UMR CNRS/UM/EPHE 5554, IRD 226, CIRAD 117, Montpellier, France
| | - Susana Sirvas
- Universidad Nacional Federico Villareal, Facultad de Oceanografía, Pesquería, Ciencias Alimentarias y Acuicultura, Lima, Perú
| | - Jean-François Renno
- UMR Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, MNHN, UPMC, CNRS-7208, IRD-207, UCBN, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Schneider RF, Meyer A. How plasticity, genetic assimilation and cryptic genetic variation may contribute to adaptive radiations. Mol Ecol 2016; 26:330-350. [PMID: 27747962 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that phenotypic plasticity can promote population divergence by facilitating phenotypic diversification and, eventually, genetic divergence. When a 'plastic' population colonizes a new habitat, it has the possibility to occupy multiple niches by expressing several distinct phenotypes. These initially reflect the population's plastic range but may later become genetically fixed by selection via the process of 'genetic assimilation' (GA). Through this process multiple specialized sister lineages can arise that share a common plastic ancestor - the 'flexible stem'. Here, we review possible molecular mechanisms through which natural selection could fix an initially plastic trait during GA. These mechanisms could also explain how GA may contribute to cryptic genetic variation that can subsequently be coopted into other phenotypes or traits, but also lead to nonadaptive responses. We outline the predicted patterns of genetic and transcriptional divergence accompanying flexible stem radiations. The analysis of such patterns of (retained) adaptive and nonadaptive plastic responses within and across radiating lineages can inform on the state of ongoing GA. We conclude that, depending on the stability of the environment, the molecular architecture underlying plastic traits can facilitate diversification, followed by fixation and consolidation of an adaptive phenotype and degeneration of nonadaptive ones. Additionally, the process of GA may increase the cryptic genetic variation of populations, which on one hand may serve as substrate for evolution, but on another may be responsible for nonadaptive responses that consolidate local allopatry and thus reproductive isolation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf F Schneider
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitaetstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Axel Meyer
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitaetstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Varella HR, Zuanon J, Kullander SO, López-Fernández H. Teleocichla preta, a new species of cichlid from the Rio Xingu Basin in Brazil (Teleostei: Cichlidae). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 89:1551-1569. [PMID: 27349202 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Teleocichla preta nov. sp. inhabits the rapids along the Rio Xingu and lower portion of the Rio Iriri. It is the largest species in the genus, reaching 121·3 mm standard length (LS ) while others do not reach more than 87·8 mm LS . Teleocichla preta is distinguished from all other species of Teleocichla by the unique blackish (in live specimens) or dark brown (preserved specimens) overall colouration of the body, which masks the faint vertical bars or zig-zag pattern of blotches on the flanks. Teleocichla preta also has a deeper body and a deep laterally compressed caudal peduncle, unlike any other congener, as well as a stout lower pharyngeal tooth plate bearing molariform teeth on its median area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H R Varella
- Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 42494, 04218-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - J Zuanon
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Caixa Postal 2223, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 69080-971, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - S O Kullander
- Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 50007, SE-104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H López-Fernández
- Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen's Park, Toronto, ON, M5S 2C6, Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Burress ED. Ecological diversification associated with the pharyngeal jaw diversity of Neotropical cichlid fishes. J Anim Ecol 2015; 85:302-13. [PMID: 26476003 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Innovations can facilitate bursts of diversification by increasing access to novel resources and the attainment of novel functional designs. Pharyngognathy, exhibited by highly diverse groups such as wrasses and cichlid fishes, is hypothesized to increase foraging capacity and efficiency. Here, I test the hypothesis that pharyngeal jaw shape and tooth morphology are adaptive in an ecologically diverse radiation of Neotropical cichlid fishes that spans North, Central and South America. I partitioned species into generalized trophic guilds using published stomach content analyses and quantified shape variation of the lower pharyngeal jaw (LPJ) using geometric morphometrics. Additionally, I tested for convergence in LPJ shape and trophic guild by mapping the phylogeny onto the principal components and testing for shifts towards similar evolutionary regimes. Major LPJ shape variation included the length and orientation (i.e. narrow or wide) of the lateral processes and length of the medial process, which varied based on the proportion of fishes and plants consumed. Pharyngeal tooth number, diversity and the frequency of tooth types were not evenly distributed among trophic guilds. There were seven distinct evolutionary regimes that converged upon four optima. Pharyngeal jaw diversification is associated with the exploitation of novel resources among Neotropical cichlids such that pharyngeal specialization has increased access to otherwise poorly accessible resources, such as resources that are difficult to crush (e.g. hard-shelled organisms) and assimilate (e.g. algae).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward D Burress
- Department of Biological Sciences and Auburn University Museum of Natural History, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kullander SO, Varella HR. Wallace’s Pike Cichlid Gets a Name after 160 Years: A New Species of Cichlid Fish (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from the Upper Rio Negro in Brazil. COPEIA 2015. [DOI: 10.1643/ci-14-169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
29
|
Astudillo-Clavijo V, Arbour JH, López-Fernández H. Selection towards different adaptive optima drove the early diversification of locomotor phenotypes in the radiation of Neotropical geophagine cichlids. BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:77. [PMID: 25928151 PMCID: PMC4435830 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0348-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Simpson envisaged a conceptual model of adaptive radiation in which lineages diversify into “adaptive zones” within a macroevolutionary adaptive landscape. However, only a handful of studies have empirically investigated this adaptive landscape and its consequences for our interpretation of the underlying mechanisms of phenotypic evolution. In fish radiations the evolution of locomotor phenotypes may represent an important dimension of ecomorphological diversification given the implications of locomotion for feeding and habitat use. Neotropical geophagine cichlids represent a newly identified adaptive radiation and provide a useful system for studying patterns of locomotor diversification and the implications of selective constraints on phenotypic divergence in general. Results We use multivariate ordination, models of phenotypic evolution and posterior predictive approaches to investigate the macroevolutionary adaptive landscape and test for evidence of early divergence of locomotor phenotypes in Geophagini. The evolution of locomotor phenotypes was characterized by selection towards at least two distinct adaptive peaks and the early divergence of modern morphological disparity. One adaptive peak included the benthic and epibenthic invertivores and was characterized by fishes with deep, laterally compressed bodies that optimize precise, slow-swimming manoeuvres. The second adaptive peak resulted from a shift in adaptive optima in the species-rich ram-feeding/rheophilic Crenicichla-Teleocichla clade and was characterized by species with streamlined bodies that optimize fast starts and rapid manoeuvres. Evolutionary models and posterior predictive approaches favoured an early shift to a new adaptive peak over decreasing rates of evolution as the underlying process driving the early divergence of locomotor phenotypes. Conclusions The influence of multiple adaptive peaks on the divergence of locomotor phenotypes in Geophagini is compatible with the expectations of an ecologically driven adaptive radiation. This study confirms that the diversification of locomotor phenotypes represents an important dimension of phenotypic evolution in the geophagine adaptive radiation. It also suggests that the commonly observed early burst of phenotypic evolution during adaptive radiations may be better explained by the concentration of shifts to new adaptive peaks deep in the phylogeny rather than overall decreasing rates of evolution. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0348-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Astudillo-Clavijo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Wilcocks St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada.
| | - Jessica H Arbour
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Wilcocks St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada.
| | - Hernán López-Fernández
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Wilcocks St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada. .,Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen's Park, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2C6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
The extraordinary species richness of freshwater fishes has attracted much research on mechanisms and modes of speciation. We here review research on speciation in freshwater fishes in light of speciation theory, and place this in a context of broad-scale diversity patterns in freshwater fishes. We discuss several major repeated themes in freshwater fish speciation and the speciation mechanisms they are frequently associated with. These include transitions between marine and freshwater habitats, transitions between discrete freshwater habitats, and ecological transitions within habitats, as well as speciation without distinct niche shifts. Major research directions in the years to come include understanding the transition from extrinsic environment-dependent to intrinsic reproductive isolation and its influences on species persistence and understanding the extrinsic and intrinsic constraints to speciation and how these relate to broad-scale diversification patterns through time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ole Seehausen
- Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Center of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Catherine E. Wagner
- Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Center of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Steele SE, López-Fernández H. Body size diversity and frequency distributions of Neotropical cichlid fishes (Cichliformes: Cichlidae: Cichlinae). PLoS One 2014; 9:e106336. [PMID: 25180970 PMCID: PMC4152270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Body size is an important correlate of life history, ecology and distribution of species. Despite this, very little is known about body size evolution in fishes, particularly freshwater fishes of the Neotropics where species and body size diversity are relatively high. Phylogenetic history and body size data were used to explore body size frequency distributions in Neotropical cichlids, a broadly distributed and ecologically diverse group of fishes that is highly representative of body size diversity in Neotropical freshwater fishes. We test for divergence, phylogenetic autocorrelation and among-clade partitioning of body size space. Neotropical cichlids show low phylogenetic autocorrelation and divergence within and among taxonomic levels. Three distinct regions of body size space were identified from body size frequency distributions at various taxonomic levels corresponding to subclades of the most diverse tribe, Geophagini. These regions suggest that lineages may be evolving towards particular size optima that may be tied to specific ecological roles. The diversification of Geophagini appears to constrain the evolution of body size among other Neotropical cichlid lineages; non-Geophagini clades show lower species-richness in body size regions shared with Geophagini. Neotropical cichlid genera show less divergence and extreme body size than expected within and among tribes. Body size divergence among species may instead be present or linked to ecology at the community assembly scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Steele
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hernán López-Fernández
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Schott RK, Refvik SP, Hauser FE, López-Fernández H, Chang BSW. Divergent positive selection in rhodopsin from lake and riverine cichlid fishes. Mol Biol Evol 2014; 31:1149-65. [PMID: 24509690 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msu064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of cichlid evolution have highlighted the importance of visual pigment genes in the spectacular radiation of the African rift lake cichlids. Recent work, however, has also provided strong evidence for adaptive diversification of riverine cichlids in the Neotropics, which inhabit environments of markedly different spectral properties from the African rift lakes. These ecological and/or biogeographic differences may have imposed divergent selective pressures on the evolution of the cichlid visual system. To test these hypotheses, we investigated the molecular evolution of the dim-light visual pigment, rhodopsin. We sequenced rhodopsin from Neotropical and African riverine cichlids and combined these data with published sequences from African cichlids. We found significant evidence for positive selection using random sites codon models in all cichlid groups, with the highest levels in African lake cichlids. Tests using branch-site and clade models that partitioned the data along ecological (lake, river) and/or biogeographic (African, Neotropical) boundaries found significant evidence of divergent selective pressures among cichlid groups. However, statistical comparisons among these models suggest that ecological, rather than biogeographic, factors may be responsible for divergent selective pressures that have shaped the evolution of the visual system in cichlids. We found that branch-site models did not perform as well as clade models for our data set, in which there was evidence for positive selection in the background. One of our most intriguing results is that the amino acid sites found to be under positive selection in Neotropical and African lake cichlids were largely nonoverlapping, despite falling into the same three functional categories: spectral tuning, retinal uptake/release, and rhodopsin dimerization. Taken together, these results would imply divergent selection across cichlid clades, but targeting similar functions. This study highlights the importance of molecular investigations of ecologically important groups and the flexibility of clade models in explicitly testing ecological hypotheses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan K Schott
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Burress ED, Duarte A, Serra WS, Loueiro M, Gangloff MM, Siefferman L. Functional diversification within a predatory species flock. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80929. [PMID: 24278349 PMCID: PMC3836755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological speciation is well-known from adaptive radiations in cichlid fishes inhabiting lentic ecosystems throughout the African rift valley and Central America. Here, we investigate the ecological and morphological diversification of a recently discovered lotic predatory Neotropical cichlid species flock in subtropical South America. We document morphological and functional diversification using geometric morphometrics, stable C and N isotopes, stomach contents and character evolution. This species flock displays species-specific diets and skull and pharyngeal jaw morphology. Moreover, this lineage appears to have independently evolved away from piscivory multiple times and derived forms are highly specialized morphologically and functionally relative to ancestral states. Ecological speciation played a fundamental role in this radiation and our data reveal novel conditions of ecological speciation including a species flock that evolved: 1) in a piscivorous lineage, 2) under lotic conditions and 3) with pronounced morphological novelties, including hypertrophied lips that appear to have evolved rapidly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward D. Burress
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Alejandro Duarte
- Sección Zoologia Vertebrados, Departmento de Ecologia y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Wilson S. Serra
- Sección Zoologia Vertebrados, Departmento de Ecologia y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Sección Ictiologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marcelo Loueiro
- Sección Zoologia Vertebrados, Departmento de Ecologia y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Sección Ictiologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Michael M. Gangloff
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lynn Siefferman
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Burress ED, Duarte A, Serra WS, Gangloff MM, Siefferman L. Species-specific ontogenetic diet shifts among Neotropical Crenicichla: using stable isotopes and tissue stoichiometry. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2013; 82:1904-1915. [PMID: 23731144 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ontogenetic diet shifts were compared among five sympatric pike cichlids Crenicichla in a subtropical South American stream using stable C and N isotopes and tissue stoichiometry (C:N). Within species, stable N isotopes were positively related to body size while C:N showed negative relationships. Stable C isotopes, however, were not related to body size in any species. By modelling the switch to piscivory using gut content-isotope-body size relationships, diet shifts were shown to be species-specific with regard to both rate and degree of piscivory. Compared to other piscivorous lineages, Crenicichla appear to be unusually small-bodied (based on maximum body size). Because of their diversity, abundance and dynamic size-structured functional roles, Crenicichla may exert broad and complex predation pressures on the aquatic community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E D Burress
- Biology Department, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Maan ME, Sefc KM. Colour variation in cichlid fish: developmental mechanisms, selective pressures and evolutionary consequences. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2013; 24:516-28. [PMID: 23665150 PMCID: PMC3778878 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cichlid fishes constitute one of the most species-rich families of vertebrates. In addition to complex social behaviour and morphological versatility, they are characterised by extensive diversity in colouration, both within and between species. Here, we review the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying colour variation in this group and the selective pressures responsible for the observed variation. We specifically address the evidence for the hypothesis that divergence in colouration is associated with the evolution of reproductive isolation between lineages. While we conclude that cichlid colours are excellent models for understanding the role of animal communication in species divergence, we also identify taxonomic and methodological biases in the current research effort. We suggest that the integration of genomic approaches with ecological and behavioural studies, across the entire cichlid family and beyond it, will contribute to the utility of the cichlid model system for understanding the evolution of biological diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martine E. Maan
- University of Groningen, Behavioural Biology, PO Box 11103, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kristina M. Sefc
- Institute of Zoology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|