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Abstract
Over the last two decades, the viromes of our closest relatives, the African great apes (AGA), have been intensively studied. Comparative approaches have unveiled diverse evolutionary patterns, highlighting both stable host-virus associations over extended evolutionary timescales and much more recent viral emergence events. In this chapter, we summarize these findings and outline how they have shed a new light on the origins and evolution of many human-infecting viruses. We also show how this knowledge can be used to better understand the evolution of human health in relation to viral infections.
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Di Bonito P, Galati L, Focà A, Brambilla M, Bisaglia C, Bonanno Ferraro G, Mancini P, Iaconelli M, Veneri C, La Rosa G. Evidence for swine and human papillomavirus in pig slurry in Italy. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:1246-1254. [PMID: 31251456 PMCID: PMC7166630 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The diversity and the geographical distribution of swine papillomaviruses (PVs) are virtually unknown. The occurrence and the diversity of swine PV were therefore investigated in pig slurry collected in Italy, to contribute towards filling this gap in knowledge. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-two slurry samples underwent analysis by nested PCR and DNA sequencing using published and newly designed specific primer pairs for Sus scrofa papillomavirus (SsPV) type 1 and 2 (SsPV1 and 2), along with degenerate PV-specific primers targeting the major coat protein L1 and the helicase protein E1. Overall, three samples (13·6%) were positive for SsPV1 by specific primers, and nucleotide (nt) sequences showed 99-100% nt identity with SsPV1 variant a (EF395818), while SsPV2 was not found in any sample. Using generic primers, eight samples (36·4%) were tested positive for human papillomavirus (HPV), and were characterized as follows: β1-HPV8, β1-HPV14, β1-HPV206, β2-HPV113, β2-HPV120 and γ1-HPV173. Moreover, one unclassified γ-type was detected. CONCLUSIONS Both swine and human PVs were detected in pig slurry in this study. The unexpected presence of HPV in pig waste could be explained as the result of an improper use of the sewage collection pits and/or with improper procedures of the operators. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study reports the first detection of SsPV1 in Italy, along with the first detection of HPVs in pig slurry samples in Italy, and expands our knowledge about PV diversity and geographic distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Di Bonito
- Viral Hepatitis, Oncoviruses and Retroviruses (EVOR) Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - L Galati
- Viral Hepatitis, Oncoviruses and Retroviruses (EVOR) Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - A Focà
- School of medicine, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - M Brambilla
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Research Centre for Engineering and Agri Food Processing, Treviglio, BG, Italy
| | - C Bisaglia
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Research Centre for Engineering and Agri Food Processing, Treviglio, BG, Italy
| | - G Bonanno Ferraro
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - P Mancini
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - M Iaconelli
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - C Veneri
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - G La Rosa
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Mengual-Chuliá B, Wibbelt G, Gottschling M, Bravo IG. Two Novel, Distantly Related Papillomaviruses Isolated from Healthy Skin of the Timor Deer (Rusa timorensis). GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2018; 6:e00505-18. [PMID: 29903818 PMCID: PMC6003732 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00505-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report the complete genome sequences of Rusa timorensis papillomavirus 1 (RtimPV1) and Rusa timorensis papillomavirus 2 (RtimPV2), isolated from hair follicles of asymptomatic skin from the same Timor deer specimen. RtimPV1 and RtimPV2 are evolutionarily only distantly related. RtimPV1 lacks a canonical E2-binding site, and RtimPV2 does not carry an E6 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gudrun Wibbelt
- Department of Wildlife Diseases, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Gottschling
- Department Biologie I, Systematic Botany and Mycology, GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Ignacio G Bravo
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Laboratory MIVEGEC (UMR CNRS IRD UM), Montpellier, France
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4
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Mengual-Chuliá B, Wittstatt U, Olias P, Bravo IG. Genome Sequences of Two Novel Papillomaviruses Isolated from Healthy Skin of Pudu puda and Cervus elaphus Deer. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2018; 6:e00298-18. [PMID: 29724829 PMCID: PMC5940963 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00298-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We report the complete genome sequences of Pudu puda papillomavirus1 (PpudPV1) and Cervus elaphus papillomavirus2 (CelaPV2), isolated from healthy skin hair follicles of a Southern pudu and a red deer, respectively. PpudPV1 is basal to the DyokappaPVs, whereas CelaPV2 is basal to the XiPVs (Beta-XiPV crown group).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulrich Wittstatt
- Department of Animal Diseases, Zoonoses and Infection Diagnostic, Berlin-Brandenburg State Laboratory, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Olias
- Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ignacio G Bravo
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory MIVEGEC (UMR CNRS IRD UM), Montpellier, France
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Dogan F, Dorttas SD, Bilge Dagalp S, Ataseven VS, Alkan F. A teat papillomatosis case in a Damascus goat (Shami goat) in Hatay province, Turkey: a new putative papillomavirus? Arch Virol 2018; 163:1635-1642. [PMID: 29502149 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3781-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are epitheliotropic viruses that cause benign proliferative lesions in the skin (warts or papillomas) and mucous membranes of their natural hosts. Recently, new PVs have been found in many animal species. The most common current approach for identifying novel PV types is based on PCR, using various consensus or degenerated primer (broad-range primers), designed on the basis of the multiple alignment of nucleotide or amino acid sequences of a large number of different human papillomaviruses (HPV). PVs have been classified according to the sequence similarity of one of their capsid proteins, L1, without taking into account other regions of the genome and without considering the phenotypic characteristics of the viral infection. In this study, we performed molecular detection and typing of a PV in a goat with teat papillomatosis. Firstly, PCR was performed using the FAP59/FAP64 and MY09/MY11 primer pairs for the L1 gene region. The PV DNA was found to be positive only with the FAP59/FAP64 primer pair. PV DNA was then tested with three primer sets in four different combinations (L2Bf/FAP64, L2Bf/L1Br, FAP59/FAP64, L1Bf/LCRBr) for the gene region encoding the L1, L2 and LCR proteins. The goat teat papilloma sample was amplified using FAP59/FAP64 primers and two primer pairs (L2Bf/FAP64 and L2Bf/L1Br). We obtained products matching approximately 604 bp of the L1 region of the virus. PV DNA was used for typing using sequence analysis/PCR with some type-specific primers for bovids, caprids and cervids. The results of the sequence analysis suggested one new putative PV type with sequence identity ranging from 46.45 to 80.09% to other known papillomaviruses, including Capra hircus papillomavirus (ChPV-2), bovine papillomavirus (BPV) 6, 7, 10, 11 and 12, Rangifer tarandus papillomavirus 3 (RtPV-3) and BPV-7Z (Alpine wild ruminant papillomavirus; Cervus elaphus papillomavirus). We therefore propose that this is the first identification of a new putative type, MG523274 (HTY-goat-TR2016), in a goat with teat papillomatosis. It is essential to identify PV types in different animal species and investigate their prevalence/distribution and clinical consequences in order to develop appropriate prophylactic and/or therapeutic procedures and to determine the interspecies transmission potential and evolution of PVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fırat Dogan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Selvi Deniz Dorttas
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seval Bilge Dagalp
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Veysel Soydal Ataseven
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Feray Alkan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Link EK, Hoferer M, Strobel B, Rigbers K, Langenmayer MC, Sutter G, Fux R. Sus scrofa papillomavirus 2 - genetic characterization of a novel suid papillomavirus from wild boar in Germany. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:2113-2117. [PMID: 28758619 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified a novel papillomavirus, Sus scrofa papillomavirus 2 (SsPV2), which is the first papillomavirus associated with papillomas in pigs. In skin alterations of a German wild boar, showing typical gross and histological appearance of papillomas, papillomavirus-like particles were demonstrated by electron microscopy. Degenerate papillomavirus-specific primers were used to amplify and sequence parts of the viral DNA. Subsequently, the complete genomic DNA was cloned and sequenced. The SsPV2 genome had a length of 8218 bp, encoded the early proteins E6, E7, E1 and E2, the late proteins L1 and L2 and contained an upstream regulatory region. Genomic characterization demonstrated papillomavirus-typical characteristics as well as unique features. For example, the E2 protein was significantly larger than in every other known papillomavirus species. Phylogenetic analysis was not able to relate SsPV2 unambiguously with other papillomavirus species or existing genera. Therefore, it might be representative of a new papillomavirus genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Kathrin Link
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, Veterinärstrasse 13, D-80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Hoferer
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Stuttgart, Schaflandstrasse 3/3, D-70736 Fellbach, Germany
| | - Birte Strobel
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Strasse 3, D-76187 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kerstin Rigbers
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Strasse 3, D-76187 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Gerd Sutter
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, Veterinärstrasse 13, D-80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Fux
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, Veterinärstrasse 13, D-80539 Munich, Germany
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Yinda CK, Rector A, Zeller M, Conceição-Neto N, Heylen E, Maes P, Ghogomu SM, Van Ranst M, Matthijnssens J. A single bat species in Cameroon harbors multiple highly divergent papillomaviruses in stool identified by metagenomics analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 6:74-80. [PMID: 32289018 PMCID: PMC7103942 DOI: 10.1016/j.virep.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A number of PVs have been described in bats but to the best of our knowledge not from feces. Using a previously described NetoVIR protocol, Eidolon helvum pooled fecal samples (Eh) were treated and sequenced by Illumina next generation sequencing technology. Two complete genomes of novel PVs (EhPV2 and EhPV3) and 3 partial sequences (BATPV61, BATPV890a and BATPV890b) were obtained and analysis showed that the EhPV2 and EhPV3 major capsid proteins cluster with and share 60-64% nucleotide identity with that of Rousettus aegyptiacus PV1, thus representing new species of PVs within the genus Psipapillomavirus. The other PVs clustered in different branches of our phylogenetic tree and may potentially represent novel species and/or genera. This points to the vast diversity of PVs in bats and in Eidolon helvum bats in particular, therefore adding support to the current concept that PV evolution is more complex than merely strict PV-host co-evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Kwe Yinda
- KULeuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, Leuven, Belgium
- KULeuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annabel Rector
- KULeuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mark Zeller
- KULeuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nádia Conceição-Neto
- KULeuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, Leuven, Belgium
- KULeuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Heylen
- KULeuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Maes
- KULeuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephen Mbigha Ghogomu
- University of Buea, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biotechnology Unit, Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Marc Van Ranst
- KULeuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jelle Matthijnssens
- KULeuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, Leuven, Belgium
- Corresponding author.
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Salazar G, Cornejo-Castillo FM, Borrull E, Díez-Vives C, Lara E, Vaqué D, Arrieta JM, Duarte CM, Gasol JM, Acinas SG. Particle-association lifestyle is a phylogenetically conserved trait in bathypelagic prokaryotes. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:5692-706. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillem Salazar
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography; Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC; Pg Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49 E08003 Barcelona Catalunya Spain
| | - Francisco M. Cornejo-Castillo
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography; Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC; Pg Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49 E08003 Barcelona Catalunya Spain
| | - Encarna Borrull
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography; Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC; Pg Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49 E08003 Barcelona Catalunya Spain
| | - Cristina Díez-Vives
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences; Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation; The University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Elena Lara
- Institute of Marine Sciences (CNR-ISMAR); National Research Council; Castello 2737/F Arsenale-Tesa 104 30122 Venezia Italy
| | - Dolors Vaqué
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography; Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC; Pg Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49 E08003 Barcelona Catalunya Spain
| | - Jesús M. Arrieta
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Red Sea Research Center (RSRC); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Carlos M. Duarte
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Red Sea Research Center (RSRC); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Josep M. Gasol
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography; Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC; Pg Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49 E08003 Barcelona Catalunya Spain
| | - Silvia G. Acinas
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography; Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC; Pg Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49 E08003 Barcelona Catalunya Spain
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Abstract
We investigated healthy skin and mucosal specimens of wild ruminants in the Italian Alps. We identified bovine papillomavirus (BPV)-2 DNA in the healthy skin of wild ruminants and documented coinfection of BPV-1 and Cervus elaphus papillomavirus (CePV)-1 in a healthy red deer (Cervus elaphus). We also demonstrated cross-infections of BPVs of the genus Xipapillomavirus, both as single virus infection and also in association with Deltapapillomavirus types 1 and 2, confirming that host tropism of papillomaviruses is not as species-specific as previously thought. Our results suggest that subclinical infections could be linked to the presence of domestic ruminants sharing the same habitat with wild species and that the wildlife may act as a reservoir for papillomaviruses affecting domestic species.
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Escudero Duch C, Williams RAJ, Timm RM, Perez-Tris J, Benitez L. A Century of Shope Papillomavirus in Museum Rabbit Specimens. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132172. [PMID: 26147570 PMCID: PMC4493010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sylvilagus floridanus Papillomavirus (SfPV) causes growth of large horn-like tumors on rabbits. SfPV was described in cottontail rabbits (probably Sylvilagus floridanus) from Kansas and Iowa by Richard Shope in 1933, and detected in S. audubonii in 2011. It is known almost exclusively from the US Midwest. We explored the University of Kansas Natural History Museum for historical museum specimens infected with SfPV, using molecular techniques, to assess if additional wild species host SfPV, and whether SfPV occurs throughout the host range, or just in the Midwest. Secondary aims were to detect distinct strains, and evidence for strain spatio-temporal specificity. We found 20 of 1395 rabbits in the KU collection SfPV symptomatic. Three of 17 lagomorph species (S. nuttallii, and the two known hosts) were symptomatic, while Brachylagus, Lepus and eight additional Sylvilagus species were not. 13 symptomatic individuals were positive by molecular testing, including the first S. nuttallii detection. Prevalence of symptomatic individuals was significantly higher in Sylvilagus (1.8%) than Lepus. Half of these specimens came from Kansas, though new molecular detections were obtained from Jalisco—Mexico’s first—and Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, and Texas, USA. We document the oldest lab-confirmed case (Kansas, 1915), pre-dating Shope’s first case. SfPV amplification was possible from 63.2% of symptomatic museum specimens. Using multiple methodologies, rolling circle amplification and, multiple isothermal displacement amplification in addition to PCR, greatly improved detection rates. Short sequences were obtained from six individuals for two genes. L1 gene sequences were identical to all previously detected sequences; E7 gene sequences, were more variable, yielding five distinct SfPV1 strains that differing by less than 2% from strains circulating in the Midwest and Mexico, between 1915 and 2005. Our results do not clarify whether strains are host species specific, though they are consistent with SfPV specificity to genus Sylvilagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Escudero Duch
- Department of Microbiology III, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Richard A. J. Williams
- Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Natural Sciences, Saint Louis University, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology & Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Timm
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology & Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States of America
| | - Javier Perez-Tris
- Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Benitez
- Department of Microbiology III, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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The First Papillomavirus Isolated from Vulpes vulpes (VvulPV1) Is Basal to the Gammapapillomavirus Genus. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/2/e00111-15. [PMID: 25792048 PMCID: PMC4395052 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00111-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report the complete genomic sequence of Vulpes vulpes papillomavirus type 1 (VvulPV1), isolated from the hair follicles of a red fox. VvulPV1 does not cluster with other carnivoran papillomaviruses, and is instead a sister taxon to the Gammapapillomavirus genus, thus sustaining the scenario of a biphasic evolution of papillomaviruses.
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12
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García-Pérez R, Ibáñez C, Godínez JM, Aréchiga N, Garin I, Pérez-Suárez G, de Paz O, Juste J, Echevarría JE, Bravo IG. Novel papillomaviruses in free-ranging Iberian bats: no virus-host co-evolution, no strict host specificity, and hints for recombination. Genome Biol Evol 2014; 6:94-104. [PMID: 24391150 PMCID: PMC3914694 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evt211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are widespread pathogens. However, the extent of PV infections in bats remains largely unknown. This work represents the first comprehensive study of PVs in Iberian bats. We identified four novel PVs in the mucosa of free-ranging Eptesicus serotinus (EserPV1, EserPV2, and EserPV3) and Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (RferPV1) individuals and analyzed their phylogenetic relationships within the viral family. We further assessed their prevalence in different populations of E. serotinus and its close relative E. isabellinus. Although it is frequent to read that PVs co-evolve with their host, that PVs are highly species-specific, and that PVs do not usually recombine, our results suggest otherwise. First, strict virus–host co-evolution is rejected by the existence of five, distantly related bat PV lineages and by the lack of congruence between bats and bat PVs phylogenies. Second, the ability of EserPV2 and EserPV3 to infect two different bat species (E. serotinus and E. isabellinus) argues against strict host specificity. Finally, the description of a second noncoding region in the RferPV1 genome reinforces the view of an increased susceptibility to recombination in the E2-L2 genomic region. These findings prompt the question of whether the prevailing paradigms regarding PVs evolution should be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel García-Pérez
- Infections and Cancer Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Fischer NM, Favrot C, Birkmann K, Jackson M, Schwarzwald CC, Müller M, Tobler K, Geisseler M, Lange CE. Serum antibodies and DNA indicate a high prevalence of equine papillomavirus 2 (EcPV2) among horses in Switzerland. Vet Dermatol 2014; 25:210-e54. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nina. M. Fischer
- Dermatology Department; Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine; Vetsuisse Faculty; Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Claude Favrot
- Dermatology Department; Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine; Vetsuisse Faculty; Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Katharina Birkmann
- Equine Department; Vetsuisse Faculty; Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Michele Jackson
- Equine Department; Vetsuisse Faculty; Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Colin C. Schwarzwald
- Equine Department; Vetsuisse Faculty; Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Martin Müller
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum; Im Neuenheimer Feld 242 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Kurt Tobler
- Institute of Virology; Vetsuisse Faculty; Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Marco Geisseler
- Dermatology Department; Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine; Vetsuisse Faculty; Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich Switzerland
- Institute of Virology; Vetsuisse Faculty; Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Christian E. Lange
- Dermatology Department; Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine; Vetsuisse Faculty; Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich Switzerland
- Institute of Virology; Vetsuisse Faculty; Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich Switzerland
- Microbiology and Immunobiology Department; Harvard Medical School; 77 Ave Louis Pasteur, Boston MA 02115 USA
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A novel papillomavirus isolated from a nasal neoplasia in an Italian free-ranging chamois (Rupicapra r. rupicapra). Vet Microbiol 2014; 172:108-19. [PMID: 24910075 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Most amniotes are the hosts of many, distantly related papillomaviruses (PVs). Infection by PVs can be asymptomatic, or lead instead to benign or malignant lesions. However, PVs infecting animals and associated with malignancies are still largely understudied. In the present study, we communicate the complete genome of a novel PV found in a nasal neoplasia of a free-ranging alpine chamois (Rupicapra r. rupicapra) in an Italian national park. Long-PCR and cloning approaches followed for Sanger sequencing were used to identify the first PV found in chamois. The genome of the novel virus - RrupPV1 - of 7256 bp in length, presents the classical PV structure, and lacks the interE2-L2 region that hosts the E5 gene in AlphaPVs and in DeltaPVs. The nucleotide identity percentage of the L1 ORF, places RrupPV1 together with OaPV3 in the same genus. The latter is a PV isolated from a squamous cell carcinoma in sheep in Sardinia. Full-genome phylogenetic reconstructions suggest that these two viruses are sister taxa, and that both of them are very distantly related to any other known PV. Many cetartiodactyl species are infected by non-monophyletic PVs. Our results exemplify further the multiple links between the infection by certain, distantly related PVs and the development of diverse cancers in animals and highlight the need of a systematic search of oncogenic and non-oncogenic animal PVs.
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Dunowska M, Munday JS, Laurie RE, Hills SFK. Genomic characterisation of Felis catus papillomavirus 4, a novel papillomavirus detected in the oral cavity of a domestic cat. Virus Genes 2013; 48:111-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-013-1002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Scagliarini A, Gallina L, Battilani M, Turrini F, Savini F, Lavazza A, Chiari M, Coradduzza E, Peli A, Erdélyi K, Alberti A. Cervus elaphus papillomavirus (CePV1): New insights on viral evolution in deer. Vet Microbiol 2013; 165:252-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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García-Pérez R, Gottschling M, Wibbelt G, Bravo IG. Multiple evolutionary origins of bat papillomaviruses. Vet Microbiol 2013; 165:51-60. [PMID: 23481575 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Infection by papillomaviruses (PVs) has been linked to different types of neoplasias, in both human and non-human hosts. Knowledge about PV diversity is essential to reliably infer the evolutionary history of these pathogens and to elucidate the link between infection and disease. We cloned and sequenced the complete genome of a novel PV, EhelPV1, isolated from hair bulbs from a captive straw-colored fruit bat Eidolon helvum (Pteropodidae, Chiroptera). We also retrieved partial sequences of the E1 and L1 genes from hair bulbs from a captive Indian flying fox Pteropus giganteus (Pteropodidae, Chiroptera). The detected virus (PgigPV1) presumably corresponded to a novel type as well. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses were conducted using a representative collection of 132 PVs. EhelPV1 belonged to the Lambda+Mu-PV crown group and was most closely related to another bat PV, MschPV2. Both fragments of PgigPV1 were placed alongside with EhelPV1. The novel PVs were phylogenetically distant from other previously described bat PVs, namely MrPV1, MschPV1 and RaPV1. We have further characterized the sequence patterns of the E2-binding sites occurring in the upstream regulatory region of Lambda+Mu-PVs. Common fingerprints within this region are shared by certain PVs. However, there is not a sharp correspondence between the repertoire of transcription factor binding sites in the viral regulatory region and host range, tissue tropism or viral life style. Our results reinforce the hypothesis that PVs have undergone an initial radiation prior to the divergence of the mammalian hosts, giving rise to the present-day PV crown groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel García-Pérez
- Infections and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)
- Bellvitge Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
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White EA, Howley PM. Proteomic approaches to the study of papillomavirus-host interactions. Virology 2013; 435:57-69. [PMID: 23217616 PMCID: PMC3522865 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The identification of interactions between viral and host cellular proteins has provided major insights into papillomavirus research, and these interactions are especially relevant to the role of papillomaviruses in the cancers with which they are associated. Recent advances in mass spectrometry technology and data processing now allow the systematic identification of such interactions. This has led to an improved understanding of the different pathologies associated with the many papillomavirus types, and the diverse nature of these viruses is reflected in the spectrum of interactions with host proteins. Here we review a history of proteomic approaches, particularly as applied to the papillomaviruses, and summarize current techniques. Current proteomic studies on the papillomaviruses use yeast-two-hybrid or affinity purification-mass spectrometry approaches. We detail the advantages and disadvantages of each and describe current examples of papillomavirus proteomic studies, with a particular focus on the HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. White
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, NRB Room 950, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Peter M. Howley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, NRB Room 950, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115
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Godínez JM, Heideman DAM, Gheit T, Alemany L, Snijders PJF, Tommasino M, Meijer CJLM, de Sanjosé S, Bosch FX, Bravo IG. Differential presence of Papillomavirus variants in cervical cancer: an analysis for HPV33, HPV45 and HPV58. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2012; 13:96-104. [PMID: 23022714 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Certain human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the causative agents of cervical carcinomas in humans. The identification of the link between infection and cancer has resulted in the successful establishment of clinical strategies such as screening or vaccination programs, aiming to prevent this pathology. More than 150 different HPVs have been described and classified and the large majority of them are not related to cancer. The genus Alphapapillomavirus encompasses many PVs, some of which are identified in humans as oncogenic, according to the epidemiological connection between infection and cervical cancer. Variants of some of these "high-risk" HPVs may have an increased involvement in cervical cancer, although definitive data are still wanting. The aim of the present work was to analyze the presence of HPV33, HPV45 and HPV58 variants in cases of cervical cancer. METHODS Samples from cervical lesions in the context of different cervical cancer surveys were analyzed for presence of HPV DNA. Samples positive for HPV33, HPV45 or HPV58 DNA were selected and the E6/E7 genes were amplified and sequenced. The phylogenetic relationships of these sequences were inferred using an evolutionary placement algorithm and accordingly classified at the variant level. RESULTS All viral E6/E7 sequences were successfully placed in the classification schemes of the corresponding viruses. For HPV33 (n=23), 45 (n=61) or 58 (n=29), the distribution of variants found in cases of cervical cancer is not a random sample of the corresponding diversity. In all three HPVs, the respective A variants were more prevalent in the viral DNA-positive cases of cervical cancer analyzed. This is the first study trying to discern the phylogenetic connection between variants of the oncogenic HPV33, 45 and 58, and squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Godínez
- Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Bellvitge Institute of Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Barcelona, Spain.
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