1
|
Rešetnik I, Záveská E, Grgurev M, Bogdanović S, Bartolić P, Frajman B. Stability in the South, Turbulence Toward the North: Evolutionary History of Aurinia saxatilis (Brassicaceae) Revealed by Phylogenomic and Climatic Modelling Data. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:822331. [PMID: 35360300 PMCID: PMC8964184 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.822331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Balkan Peninsula played an important role in the evolution of many Mediterranean plants and served as a major source for post-Pleistocene colonisation of central and northern Europe. Its complex geo-climatic history and environmental heterogeneity significantly influenced spatiotemporal diversification and resulted in intricate phylogeographic patterns. To explore the evolutionary dynamics and phylogeographic patterns within the widespread eastern Mediterranean and central European species Aurinia saxatilis, we used a combination of phylogenomic (restriction-site associated DNA sequencing, RADseq) and phylogenetic (sequences of the plastid marker ndhF) data as well as species distribution models generated for the present and the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The inferred phylogenies retrieved three main geographically distinct lineages. The southern lineage is restricted to the eastern Mediterranean, where it is distributed throughout the Aegean area, the southern Balkan Peninsula, and the southern Apennine Peninsula, and corresponds to the species main distribution area during the LGM. The eastern lineage extends from the eastern Balkan Peninsula over the Carpathians to central Europe, while the central lineage occupies the central Balkan Peninsula. Molecular dating places the divergence among all the three lineages to the early to middle Pleistocene, indicating their long-term independent evolutionary trajectories. Our data revealed an early divergence and stable in situ persistence of the southernmost, eastern Mediterranean lineage, whereas the mainland, south-east European lineages experienced more complex and turbulent evolutionary dynamics triggered by Pleistocene climatic oscillations. Our data also support the existence of multiple glacial refugia in southeast Europe and highlight the central Balkan Peninsula not only as a cradle of lineage diversifications but also as a source of lineage dispersal. Finally, the extant genetic variation within A. saxatilis is congruent with the taxonomic separation of peripatric A. saxatilis subsp. saxatilis and A. saxatilis subsp. orientalis, whereas the taxonomic status of A. saxatilis subsp. megalocarpa remains doubtful.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Rešetnik
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Eliška Záveská
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marin Grgurev
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sandro Bogdanović
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Paolo Bartolić
- Department of Botany, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Božo Frajman
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pollard AJ, McCartha GL, Quintela-Sabarís C, Flynn TA, Sobczyk MK, Smith JAC. Intraspecific Variation in Nickel Tolerance and Hyperaccumulation among Serpentine and Limestone Populations of Odontarrhena serpyllifolia (Brassicaceae: Alysseae) from the Iberian Peninsula. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10040800. [PMID: 33921686 PMCID: PMC8073652 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Odontarrhena serpyllifolia (Desf.) Jord. & Fourr. (=Alyssum serpyllifolium Desf.) occurs in the Iberian Peninsula and adjacent areas on a variety of soils including both limestone and serpentine (ultramafic) substrates. Populations endemic to serpentine are known to hyperaccumulate nickel, and on account of this remarkable phenotype have, at times, been proposed for recognition as taxonomically distinct subspecies or even species. It remains unclear, however, to what extent variation in nickel hyperaccumulation within this taxon merely reflects differences in the substrate, or whether the different populations show local adaptation to their particular habitats. To help clarify the physiological basis of variation in nickel hyperaccumulation among these populations, 3 serpentine accessions and 3 limestone accessions were cultivated hydroponically under common-garden conditions incorporating a range of Ni concentrations, along with 2 closely related non-accumulator species, Clypeola jonthlaspi L. and Alyssum montanum L. As a group, serpentine accessions of O. serpyllifolia were able to tolerate Ni concentrations approximately 10-fold higher than limestone accessions, but a continuous spectrum of Ni tolerance was observed among populations, with the least tolerant serpentine accession not being significantly different from the most tolerant limestone accession. Serpentine accessions maintained relatively constant tissue concentrations of Ca, Mg, K, and Fe across the whole range of Ni exposures, whereas in the limestone accessions, these elements fluctuated widely in response to Ni toxicity. Hyperaccumulation of Ni, defined here as foliar Ni concentrations exceeding 1g kg-1 of dry biomass in plants not showing significant growth reduction, occurred in all accessions of O. serpyllifolia, but the higher Ni tolerance of serpentine accessions allowed them to hyperaccumulate more strongly. Of the reference species, C. jonthlaspi responded similarly to the limestone accessions of O. serpyllifolia, whereas A. montanum displayed by far the lowest degree of Ni tolerance and exhibited low foliar Ni concentrations, which only exceeded 1 g kg-1 in plants showing severe Ni toxicity. The continuous spectrum of physiological responses among these accessions does not lend support to segregation of the serpentine populations of O. serpyllifolia as distinct species. However, the pronounced differences in degrees of Ni tolerance, hyperaccumulation, and elemental homeostasis observed among these accessions under common-garden conditions argues for the existence of population-level adaptation to their local substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Joseph Pollard
- Department of Biology, Furman University, Greenville, SC 29613, USA;
| | - Grace L. McCartha
- Department of Biology, Furman University, Greenville, SC 29613, USA;
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA
| | - Celestino Quintela-Sabarís
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, CP 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Thomas A. Flynn
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK; (T.A.F.); (M.K.S.)
- BSG Ecology Ltd., Worton Park, Worton OX29 4SX, UK
| | - Maria K. Sobczyk
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK; (T.A.F.); (M.K.S.)
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - J. Andrew C. Smith
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK; (T.A.F.); (M.K.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rosatto S, Mariotti M, Romeo S, Roccotiello E. Root and Shoot Response to Nickel in Hyperaccumulator and Non-Hyperaccumulator Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10030508. [PMID: 33803420 PMCID: PMC7998499 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The soil-root interface is the micro-ecosystem where roots uptake metals. However, less than 10% of hyperaccumulators' rhizosphere has been examined. The present study evaluated the root and shoot response to nickel in hyperaccumulator and non-hyperaccumulator species, through the analysis of root surface and biomass and the ecophysiological response of the related aboveground biomass. Ni-hyperaccumulators Alyssoides utriculata (L.) Medik. and Noccaea caerulescens (J. Presl and C. Presl) F.K. Mey. and non-hyperaccumulators Alyssum montanum L. and Thlaspi arvense L. were grown in pot on Ni-spiked soil (0-1000 mg Ni kg-1, total). Development of root surfaces was analysed with ImageJ; fresh and dry root biomass was determined. Photosynthetic efficiency was performed by analysing the fluorescence of chlorophyll a to estimate the plants' physiological conditions at the end of the treatment. Hyperaccumulators did not show a Ni-dependent decrease in root surfaces and biomass (except Ni 1000 mg kg-1 for N. caerulescens). The non-hyperaccumulator A. montanum suffers metal stress which threatens plant development, while the excluder T. arvense exhibits a positive ecophysiological response to Ni. The analysis of the root system, as a component of the rhizosphere, help to clarify the response to soil nickel and plant development under metal stress for bioremediation purposes.
Collapse
|
4
|
Cetlová V, Zozomová-Lihová J, Melichárková A, Mártonfiová L, Španiel S. Multiple Drivers of High Species Diversity and Endemism Among Alyssum Annuals in the Mediterranean: The Evolutionary Significance of the Aegean Hotspot. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:627909. [PMID: 33986760 PMCID: PMC8112278 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.627909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean Basin is a significant hotspot of species diversity and endemism, with various distribution patterns and speciation mechanisms observed in its flora. High species diversity in the Mediterranean is also manifested in the monophyletic lineage of Alyssum annuals (Brassicaceae), but little is known about its origin. These species include both diploids and polyploids that grow mainly in open and disturbed sites across a wide elevational span and show contrasting distribution patterns, ranging from broadly distributed Eurasian species to narrow island endemics. Here, we investigated the evolution of European representatives of this lineage, and aimed to reconstruct their phylogeny, polyploid and genome size evolution using flow cytometric analyses, chloroplast and nuclear high- and low-copy DNA markers. The origin and early diversification of the studied Alyssum lineage could be dated back to the Late Miocene/Pliocene and were likely promoted by the onset of the Mediterranean climate, whereas most of the extant species originated during the Pleistocene. The Aegean region represents a significant diversity center, as it hosts 12 out of 16 recognized European species and comprises several (sub)endemics placed in distinct phylogenetic clades. Because several species, including the closest relatives, occur here sympatrically without apparent niche differences, we can reject simple allopatric speciation via vicariance as well as ecological speciation for most cases. Instead, we suggest scenarios of more complex speciation processes that involved repeated range shifts in response to sea-level changes and recurrent land connections and disconnections since the Pliocene. In addition, multiple polyploidization events significantly contributed to species diversity across the entire distribution range. All seven polyploids, representing both widespread species and endemics to the western or eastern Mediterranean, were inferred to be allopolyploids. Finally, the current distribution patterns have likely been affected also by the human factor (farming and grazing). This study illustrates the complexity of evolutionary and speciation processes in the Mediterranean flora.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Cetlová
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Judita Zozomová-Lihová
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Melichárková
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Mártonfiová
- Botanical Garden of P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Stanislav Španiel
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Stanislav Španiel,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Coppi A, Baker AJM, Bettarini I, Colzi I, Echevarria G, Pazzagli L, Gonnelli C, Selvi F. Population Genetics of Odontarrhena (Brassicaceae) from Albania: The Effects of Anthropic Habitat Disturbance, Soil, and Altitude on a Ni-Hyperaccumulator Plant Group from a Major Serpentine Hotspot. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1686. [PMID: 33271845 PMCID: PMC7759883 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Albanian taxa and populations of the genus Odontarrhena are most promising candidates for research on metal tolerance and Ni-agromining, but their genetic structure remains unknown. We investigated phylogenetic relationships and genetic differentiation in relation to distribution and ploidy of the taxa, anthropic site disturbance, elevation, soil type, and trace metals at each population site. After performing DNA sequencing of selected accessions, we applied DNA-fingerprinting to analyze the genetic structure of 32 populations from ultramafic and non-ultramafic outcrops across Albania. Low sequence divergence resulted in poorly resolved phylograms, but supported affinity between the two diploid serpentine endemics O. moravensis and O. rigida. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed significant population differentiation, but no isolation by distance. Among-population variation was higher in polyploids than in diploids, in which genetic distances were lower. Genetic admixing at population and individual level occurred especially in the polyploids O. chalcidica, O. decipiens, and O. smolikana. Admixing increased with site disturbance. Outlier loci were higher in serpentine populations but decreased along altitude with lower drought and heat stress. Genetic variability gained by gene flow and hybridization at contact zones with "resident" species of primary ultramafic habitats promoted expansion of the tetraploid O. chalcidica across anthropogenic sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Coppi
- Department of Biology, University of Firenze, 50121 Firenze, Italy;
| | - Alan J. M. Baker
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia; (A.J.M.B.); (G.E.)
- Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, Université de Lorraine/INRA, F-54000 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Isabella Bettarini
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Firenze, 50121 Firenze, Italy; (I.B.); (L.P.)
| | - Ilaria Colzi
- Department of Biology, University of Firenze, 50121 Firenze, Italy;
| | - Guillaume Echevarria
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia; (A.J.M.B.); (G.E.)
- Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, Université de Lorraine/INRA, F-54000 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Luigia Pazzagli
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Firenze, 50121 Firenze, Italy; (I.B.); (L.P.)
| | | | - Federico Selvi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, Laboratories of Botany, 50121 Firenze, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bettarini I, Colzi I, Gonnelli C, Pazzagli L, Reeves RD, Selvi F. Inability to accumulate Ni in a genus of hyperaccumulators: the paradox of Odontarrhena sibirica (Brassicaceae). PLANTA 2020; 252:99. [PMID: 33170944 PMCID: PMC7655579 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03507-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Odontarrhena is a highly diverse genus of Ni-hyperaccumulators. Here, we demonstrate substantial inability to accumulate Ni in the facultative serpentinophyte O. sibirica, which seems a unique case among the numerous species of the genus that grow on ultramafic soils. Odontarrhena is the most diverse genus of Ni-accumulating plants in W Eurasia, with most taxa growing obligatorily or facultatively on ultramafic soils. A notable exception may be O. sibirica, a facultative serpentinophyte from the E Mediterranean and W Asia in which accumulation ability is still enigmatic. We addressed this issue using observational and experimental methods. Atomic Absorption Analysis of 33 herbarium specimens and plant and soil samples from seven ultramafic and non-ultramafic sites in Greece revealed shoot Ni values always much lower than 1000 µg g-1, non-significant differences between plants from the two soil types and no relationship with soil pH. Only two Turkish specimens from waste mines had shoot Ni concentration > 1000 µg g-1. The reasons for this deviating result remain obscure, but may be associated with inherent peculiarities of the local populations. When cultivated together with congeneric Ni-accumulating species on the same natural ultramafic soil, only O. sibirica was unable to accumulate the metal. Although plant growth was stimulated in hydroponics at relatively low NiSO4 levels (50-150 µM), as typical for hyperaccumulators, Ni-accumulation occurred only at higher concentrations which had a toxic effect. This peculiar combination of Ni-response traits could be the result of a partial evolutionary loss of ability with respect to all other Ni-accumulating congeneric species. For this, O. sibirica could represent a unique model system for further studies on the evolutionary dynamics, physiological mechanisms and genetic control of metal accumulation and homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Bettarini
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Firenze, Italy
| | - Ilaria Colzi
- Department of Biology, University of Firenze, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Cristina Gonnelli
- Department of Biology, University of Firenze, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121, Firenze, Italy
| | - Luigia Pazzagli
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Federico Selvi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, Laboratories of Botany, University of Firenze, P. le Cascine 28, 50144, Firenze, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Şirin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selçuk University
| | | | - Tuna Uysal
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selçuk University
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
YILMAZ CITAK B, DURAL H, GONEN B. A Survey of the Morphology, Anatomy, and Palynology of Endemic Bornmuellera kiyakii and B. glabrescens (Brassicaceae) From Turkey. GAZI UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.35378/gujs.455316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
9
|
Salmerón-Sánchez E, Fuertes-Aguilar J, Španiel S, Pérez-García FJ, Merlo E, Garrido-Becerra JA, Mota J. Plant evolution in alkaline magnesium-rich soils: A phylogenetic study of the Mediterranean genus Hormathophylla (Cruciferae: Alysseae) based on nuclear and plastid sequences. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208307. [PMID: 30576314 PMCID: PMC6303028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitats with alkaline edaphic substrates are often associated with plant speciation and diversification. The tribe Alysseae, in the family Brassicaceae, epitomizes this evolutionary trend. In this lineage, some genera, like Hormathophylla, can serve as a good case for testing the evolutionary framework. This genus is centered in the western Mediterranean. It grows on different substrates, but mostly on alkaline soils. It has been suggested that diversification in many lineages of the tribe Alysseae and in the genus Hormathophylla is linked to a tolerance for high levels of Mg+2 in xeric environments. In this study, we investigated the controversial phylogenetic placement of Hormathophylla in the tribe, the generic limits and the evolutionary relationships between the species using ribosomal and plastid DNA sequences. We also examined the putative association between the evolution of different ploidy levels, trichome morphology and the type of substrates. Our analyses demonstrated the monophyly of the genus Hormathophylla including all previously described species. Nuclear sequences revealed two lineages that differ in basic chromosome numbers (x = 7 and x = 8 or derived 11, 15) and in their trichome morphology. Contrasting results with plastid genes indicates more complex relationships between these two lineages involving recent hybridization processes. We also found an association between chloroplast haplotypes and substrate, especially in populations growing on dolomites. Finally, our dated phylogeny demonstrates that the origin of the genus took place in the mid-Miocene, during the establishment of temporal land bridges between the Tethys and Paratethys seas, with a later diversification during the upper Pliocene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Salmerón-Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, CEI.MAR and CECOUAL, Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain
- Departamento de Botánica, Unidad de Conservación Vegetal, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Stanislav Španiel
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Encarna Merlo
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, CEI.MAR and CECOUAL, Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain
| | | | - Juan Mota
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, CEI.MAR and CECOUAL, Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Sobczyk MK, Smith JAC, Pollard AJ, Filatov DA. Evolution of nickel hyperaccumulation and serpentine adaptation in the Alyssum serpyllifolium species complex. Heredity (Edinb) 2017; 118:31-41. [PMID: 27782119 PMCID: PMC5176119 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2016.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal hyperaccumulation is an uncommon but highly distinctive adaptation found in certain plants that can grow on metalliferous soils. Here we review what is known about evolution of metal hyperaccumulation in plants and describe a population-genetic analysis of the Alyssum serpyllifolium (Brassicaceae) species complex that includes populations of nickel-hyperaccumulating as well as non-accumulating plants growing on serpentine (S) and non-serpentine (NS) soils, respectively. To test whether the S and NS populations belong to the same or separate closely related species, we analysed genetic variation within and between four S and four NS populations from across the Iberian peninsula. Based on microsatellites, genetic variation was similar in S and NS populations (average Ho=0.48). The populations were significantly differentiated from each other (overall FST=0.23), and the degree of differentiation between S and NS populations was similar to that within these two groups. However, high S versus NS differentiation was observed in DNA polymorphism of two genes putatively involved in adaptation to serpentine environments, IREG1 and NRAMP4, whereas no such differentiation was found in a gene (ASIL1) not expected to play a specific role in ecological adaptation in A. serpyllifolium. These results indicate that S and NS populations belong to the same species and that nickel hyperaccumulation in A. serpyllifolium appears to represent a case of adaptation to growth on serpentine soils. Further functional and evolutionary genetic work in this system has the potential to significantly advance our understanding of the evolution of metal hyperaccumulation in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M K Sobczyk
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J A C Smith
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A J Pollard
- Department of Biology, Furman University, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - D A Filatov
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Arrigo N, de La Harpe M, Litsios G, Zozomová-Lihová J, Španiel S, Marhold K, Barker MS, Alvarez N. Is hybridization driving the evolution of climatic niche in Alyssum montanum. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2016; 103:1348-57. [PMID: 27206461 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1500368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY After decades of interest, the contribution of hybridization to ecological diversification remains unclear. Hybridization is a potent source of novelty, but nascent hybrid lineages must overcome reproductive and ecological competition from their parental species. Here, we assess whether hybrid speciation is advantageous over alternative modes of speciation, by comparing the geographical and ecological ranges and climatic niche evolutionary rates of stabilized allopolyploid vs. autopolyploids in the Alyssum montanum species complex. METHODS We combined an extensive review of studies addressing the systematics and genetic diversity of A. montanum s.l., with flow cytometry and cloning of nuclear markers, to establish the ploidy level and putative hybrid nature of 205 populations. The respective geographic distribution and climatic niche evolution dynamics of the allo- and autopolyploids were investigated using multivariate analyses and comparative phylogenetic approaches. KEY RESULTS As expected by theory, allopolyploids occur mainly along contact zones and are generally spatially overlapping with their diploid counterparts. However, they demonstrate higher rates of niche evolution and expand into different climatic conditions than those of their diploid congeners. In contrast, autopolyploids show lower rates of niche evolution, occupy ecological niches similar to their ancestors and are restricted to less competitive and peripheral geographic areas. CONCLUSIONS Hybridization thus seems advantageous by promoting ecological niche evolution and more readily allowing escape from competitive exclusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Arrigo
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marylaure de La Harpe
- Unit of Ecology & Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Glenn Litsios
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Judita Zozomová-Lihová
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84523 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Stanislav Španiel
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84523 Bratislava, Slovakia Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-12801 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Karol Marhold
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84523 Bratislava, Slovakia Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-12801 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Michael S Barker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210088, Tucson, Arizona 85721 USA
| | - Nadir Alvarez
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|