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Shain DH, Rogozhina I, Fontaneto D, Nesje A, Saglam N, Bartlett J, Zawierucha K, Kielland ØN, Dunshea G, Arnason E, Rosvold J. Ice-inhabiting species of Bdelloidea Rotifera reveal a pre-Quaternary ancestry in the Arctic cryosphere. Biol Lett 2024; 20:20230546. [PMID: 38869044 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2023.0546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Historical climate data indicate that the Earth has passed through multiple geological periods with much warmer-than-present climates, including epochs of the Miocene (23-5.3 mya BP) with temperatures 3-4°C above present, and more recent interglacial stages of the Quaternary, for example, Marine Isotope Stage 11c (approx. 425-395 ka BP) and Middle Holocene thermal maximum (7.5-4.2 ka BP), during which continental glaciers may have melted entirely. Such warm periods would have severe consequences for ice-obligate fauna in terms of their distribution, biodiversity and population structure. To determine the impacts of these climatic events in the Nordic cryosphere, we surveyed ice habitats throughout mainland Norway and Svalbard ranging from maritime glaciers to continental ice patches (i.e. non-flowing, inland ice subjected to deep freezing overwinter), finding particularly widespread populations of ice-inhabiting bdelloid rotifers. Combined mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequencing identified approx. 16 undescribed, species-level rotifer lineages that revealed an ancestry predating the Quaternary (> 2.58 mya). These rotifers also displayed robust freeze/thaw tolerance in laboratory experiments. Collectively, these data suggest that extensive ice refugia, comparable with stable ice patches across the contemporary Norwegian landscape, persisted in the cryosphere over geological time, and may have facilitated the long-term survival of ice-obligate Metazoa before and throughout the Quaternary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Shain
- Biology Department, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey , Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Irina Rogozhina
- Department of Geography, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim, Norway
| | - Diego Fontaneto
- National Research Council of Italy - Water Research Institute (CNR-IRSA), Molecular Ecology Group (MEG) , Verbania, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC) , Palermo, Italy
- Laboratory of Non-Mendelian Evolution, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Atle Nesje
- Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen , Bergen, Norway
| | - Naim Saglam
- Department of Aquaculture and Fish Diseases, Fisheries Faculty, Firat University , Elazig 23119, Turkey
| | - Jesamine Bartlett
- Department of Terrestrial Biodiversity, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research , Trondheim, Norway
| | - Krzysztof Zawierucha
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Adam Mickiewicz University , Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Glenn Dunshea
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Einar Arnason
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Askja, Sturlugata 7 , Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Jørgen Rosvold
- Department of Terrestrial Biodiversity, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research , Trondheim, Norway
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2
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High prevalence of parasitic chytrids infection of glacier algae in cryoconite holes in Alaska. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3973. [PMID: 36894609 PMCID: PMC9998860 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30721-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Glacier algae, which are photosynthetic microbes growing on ice, considerably reduce the surface albedo of glaciers and accelerate their melting rate. Although the growth of glacier algae can be suppressed by parasitic chytrids, the impact of chytrids on algal populations is still largely unknown. In this study, we described the morphology of the chytrid infecting the glacier alga Ancylonema nordenskioeldii and quantified the prevalence of infection in different habitats on a mountain glacier in Alaska, USA. Microscopic observations revealed three different morphological types of chytrids with distinct rhizoid shapes. Variations in the size of the sporangia were probably because of their different growth stages, indicating that they actively propagated on the glacier. The prevalence of infection did not vary among sites with different elevations but was substantially higher in cryoconite holes (20%) than on ice surfaces (4%) at all sites. This indicates that cryoconite holes are hot spots for chytrid infections of glacier algae, and the dynamics of cryoconite holes might affect the host-parasite interactions between chytrids and the glacier algae, which may in turn alter surface albedo and ice melting.
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3
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Two new tardigrade genera from New Zealand's Southern Alp glaciers display morphological stasis and parallel evolution. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 178:107634. [PMID: 36208696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Tardigrada is an invertebrate phylum that often constitutes a dominant micrometazoan group on glaciers worldwide. We investigated tardigrades residing in surface ice above the equilibrium line altitude (ELA) on three temperate glaciers of New Zealand's Southern Alps. Morphological, morphometric and multilocus DNA analyses (CO1, 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, ITS-2) revealed two new genera comprising four species, of which two are formally described here: Kopakaius gen. nov. nicolae sp. nov. and Kararehius gen. nov. gregorii sp. nov. The former is represented by three genetically distinct phyletic lineages akin to species. According to CO1, Kopakaius gen. nov. nicolae sp. nov. inhabits Whataroa Glacier only while the remaining two Kopakaius species occur on Fox and Franz Joseph Glaciers, suggesting low dispersal capabilities. Although morphological characteristics of the new genera could indicate affinity with the subfamily Itaquasconinae, phylogenetic analysis placed them confidently in the subfamily Diphasconinae. Kopakaius gen. nov. lack placoids in the pharynx similar with some Itaquasconinae, whereas dark pigmentation and claw shape aligns them with the glacier-obligate genus, Cryobiotus (subfamily Hypsibiinae), which is an example of parallel evolution. The second genus, Kararehius gen nov. could be classified as Adropion-like (subfamily Itaquasconinae), but differs greatly by genetics (placed in the subfamily Diphasconinae) as well as morphology (e.g., lack of septulum), exemplify deep stasis in Hypsibiidae. Our results suggest that glacier fragmentation during the Pleistocene triggered tardigrade speciation, making it a suitable model for studies on allopatric divergence in glacier meiofauna.
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Microinvertebrate Colonization of New Zealand’s Thermally Extreme Environments. Evol Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-022-09578-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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5
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Sieger J, Brümmer F, Ahn H, Lee G, Kim S, Schill RO. Reduced ageing in the frozen state in the tardigrade
Milnesium inceptum
(Eutardigrada: Apochela). J Zool (1987) 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Sieger
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany
| | - F. Brümmer
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany
| | - H. Ahn
- Department of Life Sciences Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang South Korea
| | - G. Lee
- Department of Life Sciences Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang South Korea
| | - S. Kim
- Department of Life Sciences Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang South Korea
| | - R. O. Schill
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany
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6
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First Insights into the Repertoire of Secretory Lectins in Rotifers. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20020130. [PMID: 35200659 PMCID: PMC8878817 DOI: 10.3390/md20020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their high biodiversity and adaptation to a mutable and challenging environment, aquatic lophotrochozoan animals are regarded as a virtually unlimited source of bioactive molecules. Among these, lectins, i.e., proteins with remarkable carbohydrate-recognition properties involved in immunity, reproduction, self/nonself recognition and several other biological processes, are particularly attractive targets for biotechnological research. To date, lectin research in the Lophotrochozoa has been restricted to the most widespread phyla, which are the usual targets of comparative immunology studies, such as Mollusca and Annelida. Here we provide the first overview of the repertoire of the secretory lectin-like molecules encoded by the genomes of six target rotifer species: Brachionus calyciflorus, Brachionus plicatilis, Proales similis (class Monogononta), Adineta ricciae, Didymodactylos carnosus and Rotaria sordida (class Bdelloidea). Overall, while rotifer secretory lectins display a high molecular diversity and belong to nine different structural classes, their total number is significantly lower than for other groups of lophotrochozoans, with no evidence of lineage-specific expansion events. Considering the high evolutionary divergence between rotifers and the other major sister phyla, their widespread distribution in aquatic environments and the ease of their collection and rearing in laboratory conditions, these organisms may represent interesting targets for glycobiological studies, which may allow the identification of novel carbohydrate-binding proteins with peculiar biological properties.
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7
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Lantin S, Mendell S, Akkad G, Cohen AN, Apicella X, McCoy E, Beltran-Pardo E, Waltemathe M, Srinivasan P, Joshi PM, Rothman JH, Lubin P. Interstellar space biology via Project Starlight. ACTA ASTRONAUTICA 2022; 190:261-272. [PMID: 36710946 PMCID: PMC9881496 DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Our ability to explore the cosmos by direct contact has been limited to a small number of lunar and interplanetary missions. However, the NASA Starlight program points a path forward to send small, relativistic spacecraft far outside our solar system via standoff directed-energy propulsion. These miniaturized spacecraft are capable of robotic exploration but can also transport seeds and organisms, marking a profound change in our ability to both characterize and expand the reach of known life. Here we explore the biological and technological challenges of interstellar space biology, focusing on radiation-tolerant microorganisms capable of cryptobiosis. Additionally, we discuss planetary protection concerns and other ethical considerations of sending life to the stars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Lantin
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, FL, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California - Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 93106, CA, USA
| | - Sophie Mendell
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California - Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 93106, CA, USA
- College of Creative Studies, University of California - Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 93106, CA, USA
| | - Ghassan Akkad
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California - Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 93106, CA, USA
| | - Alexander N. Cohen
- Department of Physics, University of California - Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 93106, CA, USA
| | - Xander Apicella
- Department of Physics, University of California - Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 93106, CA, USA
| | - Emma McCoy
- Department of Physics, University of California - Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 93106, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Prasanna Srinivasan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California - Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 93106, CA, USA
- Center for BioEngineering, University of California - Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 93106, CA, USA
| | - Pradeep M. Joshi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California - Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 93106, CA, USA
| | - Joel H. Rothman
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California - Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 93106, CA, USA
| | - Philip Lubin
- Department of Physics, University of California - Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 93106, CA, USA
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8
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Balazs E, Galik-Olah Z, Galik B, Somogyvari F, Kalman J, Datki Z. External modulation of Rotimer exudate secretion in monogonant rotifers. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 220:112399. [PMID: 34091187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Rotimer, a rotifer-specific biopolymer, is an exogenic bioactive exudate secreted by different monogonant species (e.g. Euchlanis dilatata or Lecane bulla). The production of this viscoelastic biomolecule is induced by different micro-particles, thereby forming a special Rotimer-Inductor Conglomerate (RIC) in a web format. In this case, the water insoluble Carmine crystals, filtered to size (max. diameter was 50 µm), functioned as an inductor. The RIC production is an adequate empirical indicator to follow up this filamentous biopolymer secretion experientially; moreover, this procedure is very sensitive to the environmental factors (temperature, pH, metals and possible natural pollutant agents). The above mentioned species show completely different reactions to these factors, except to the presence of calcium and to the modulating effects of different drugs. One of the novelties of this work is that the Rotimer secretion and consequently, the RIC-formation is a mutually obligatory and evolutionary calcium-dependent process in the concerned monogonants. This in vivo procedure needs calcium, both for the physiology of animals and for fiber formation, particularly in the latter case. The conglomerate covered area (%) and the detection of the longest filament (mm) of the given RIC were the generally and simultaneously applied methods in the current modulating experiments. Exploring the regulatory (e.g. calcium-dependency) and stimulating (e.g. Lucidril effect) possibilities of biopolymer secretion are the basis for optimizing the RIC-production capacities of these micro-metazoans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelin Balazs
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Vasas Szent Peter u. 1-3, H-6724 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zita Galik-Olah
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Vasas Szent Peter u. 1-3, H-6724 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bence Galik
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Bioinformatics and Sequencing Core Facility, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjusag u. 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, ul.Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ferenc Somogyvari
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm square 10, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Janos Kalman
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Vasas Szent Peter u. 1-3, H-6724 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Datki
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Vasas Szent Peter u. 1-3, H-6724 Szeged, Hungary.
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9
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Shmakova L, Malavin S, Iakovenko N, Vishnivetskaya T, Shain D, Plewka M, Rivkina E. A living bdelloid rotifer from 24,000-year-old Arctic permafrost. Curr Biol 2021; 31:R712-R713. [PMID: 34102116 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In natural, permanently frozen habitats, some organisms may be preserved for hundreds to tens of thousands of years. For example, stems of Antarctic moss were successfully regrown from an over millennium-old sample covered by ice for about 400 years1. Likewise, whole campion plants were regenerated from seed tissue preserved in relict 32,000-year-old permafrost2, and nematodes were revived from the permafrost of two localities in northeastern Siberia, with source sediments dated over 30,000 years BP3. Bdelloid rotifers, microscopic multicellular animals, are known for their ability to survive extremely low temperatures4. Previous reports suggest survival after six to ten years when frozen between -20° to 0°C4-6. Here, we report the survival of an obligate parthenogenetic bdelloid rotifer, recovered from northeastern Siberian permafrost radiocarbon-dated to ∼24,000 years BP. This constitutes the longest reported case of rotifer survival in a frozen state. We confirmed the finding by identifying rotifer actin gene sequences in a metagenome obtained from the same sample. By morphological and molecular markers, the discovered rotifer belongs to the genus Adineta, and aligns with a contemporary Adineta vaga isolate collected in Belgium. Experiments demonstrated that the ancient rotifer withstands slow cooling and freezing (∼1°C min-1) for at least seven days. We also show that a clonal culture can continuously reproduce in the laboratory by parthenogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyubov Shmakova
- Soil Cryology Laboratory, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Institutskaya 2, 142290, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Stas Malavin
- Soil Cryology Laboratory, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Institutskaya 2, 142290, Pushchino, Russia.
| | - Nataliia Iakovenko
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-16521, Praha 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Tatiana Vishnivetskaya
- Soil Cryology Laboratory, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Institutskaya 2, 142290, Pushchino, Russia; Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Daniel Shain
- Department of Biology, Rutgers University, 200 Federal Street, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Michael Plewka
- Department of Biology, State Gymnasium, Ochsenkamp 100, 58285 Gevelsberg, Germany
| | - Elizaveta Rivkina
- Soil Cryology Laboratory, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Institutskaya 2, 142290, Pushchino, Russia
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10
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Shain DH, Novis PM, Cridge AG, Zawierucha K, Geneva AJ, Dearden PK. Five animal phyla in glacier ice reveal unprecedented biodiversity in New Zealand's Southern Alps. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3898. [PMID: 33594128 PMCID: PMC7887191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83256-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glacier ice is an extreme environment in which most animals cannot survive. Here we report the colonization of high elevation, climate-threatened glaciers along New Zealand's southwestern coast by species of Arthropoda, Nematoda, Platyhelminthes, Rotifera and Tardigrada. Based on DNA barcoding and haplotype-inferred evidence for deep genetic variability, at least 12 undescribed species are reported, some of which have persisted in this niche habitat throughout the Pleistocene. These findings identify not only an atypical biodiversity hotspot but also highlight the adaptive plasticity of microinvertebrate Animalia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Shain
- Biology Department, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA.
| | - Philip M Novis
- Allan Herbarium, Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, Lincoln, 7608, New Zealand
| | - Andrew G Cridge
- Genomics Aotearoa and Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Krzysztof Zawierucha
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anthony J Geneva
- Biology Department, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA
| | - Peter K Dearden
- Genomics Aotearoa and Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
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11
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Zawierucha K, Buda J, Jaromerska TN, Janko K, Gąsiorek P. Integrative approach reveals new species of water bears (Pilatobius, Grevenius, and Acutuncus) from Arctic cryoconite holes, with the discovery of hidden lineages of Hypsibius. ZOOL ANZ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Zawierucha K, Porazinska DL, Ficetola GF, Ambrosini R, Baccolo G, Buda J, Ceballos JL, Devetter M, Dial R, Franzetti A, Fuglewicz U, Gielly L, Łokas E, Janko K, Novotna Jaromerska T, Kościński A, Kozłowska A, Ono M, Parnikoza I, Pittino F, Poniecka E, Sommers P, Schmidt SK, Shain D, Sikorska S, Uetake J, Takeuchi N. A hole in the nematosphere: tardigrades and rotifers dominate the cryoconite hole environment, whereas nematodes are missing. J Zool (1987) 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Zawierucha
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
| | - D. L. Porazinska
- Department of Entomology and Nematology University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - G. F. Ficetola
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of Milan Milan Italy
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine University Grenoble Alpes Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS LECA Grenoble France
| | - R. Ambrosini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy University of Milan Milan Italy
| | - G. Baccolo
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Department University of Milano‐Bicocca Milan Italy
| | - J. Buda
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
| | - J. L. Ceballos
- Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies IDEAM Bogota' Colombia
| | - M. Devetter
- Institute of soil Biology Biology Centre CAS České Budějovice Czech Republic
- Centre for Polar Ecology Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - R. Dial
- Institute of Culture and the Environment Alaska Pacific University Anchorage AK USA
| | - A. Franzetti
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Department University of Milano‐Bicocca Milan Italy
| | | | - L. Gielly
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine University Grenoble Alpes Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS LECA Grenoble France
| | - E. Łokas
- Department of Mass Spectroscopy Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences Kraków Poland
| | - K. Janko
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Libechov Czech Republic
- Department of Biology and Ecology Faculty of Science University of Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic
| | | | | | - A. Kozłowska
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
| | - M. Ono
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering Chiba University Chiba Japan
| | - I. Parnikoza
- State Institution National Antarctic Center of Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine Kyiv Ukraine
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kyiv Ukraine
| | - F. Pittino
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Department University of Milano‐Bicocca Milan Italy
| | - E. Poniecka
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences Cardiff University Cardiff UK
| | - P. Sommers
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department University of Colorado Boulder CO USA
| | - S. K. Schmidt
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department University of Colorado Boulder CO USA
| | - D. Shain
- Biology Department Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Camden NJ USA
| | - S. Sikorska
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
| | - J. Uetake
- The Arctic Environment Research Center National Institute of Polar Research Tachikawa Japan
| | - N. Takeuchi
- Department of Earth Sciences Graduate School of Science Chiba University Chiba Japan
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13
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Ren Z, Martyniuk N, Oleksy IA, Swain A, Hotaling S. Ecological Stoichiometry of the Mountain Cryosphere. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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14
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Zawierucha K, Shain DH. Disappearing Kilimanjaro snow-Are we the last generation to explore equatorial glacier biodiversity? Ecol Evol 2019; 9:8911-8918. [PMID: 31410289 PMCID: PMC6686285 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaciation accompanied our human ancestors in Africa throughout the Pleistocene. Regrettably, equatorial glaciers and snow are disappearing rapidly, and we are likely the last generation who will get to know these peculiar places. Despite the permanently harsh conditions of glacier/snow habitats, they support a remarkable diversity of life ranging from bacteria to animals. Numerous papers have been devoted to microbial communities and unique animals on polar glaciers and high mountains, but only two reports relate to glacial biodiversity in equatorial regions, which are destined to melt completely within the next few decades. Equatorial glaciers constitute "cold islands" in tropics, and discovering their diversity might shed light on the biogeography, dispersal, and history of psychrophiles. Thus, an opportunity to protect biota of equatorial glaciers hinges on ex situ conservation. It is timely and crucial that we should investigate the glacial biodiversity of the few remaining equatorial glaciers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Zawierucha
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of BiologyAdam Mickiewicz UniversityPoznańPoland
| | - Daniel H. Shain
- Biology DepartmentRutgers, The State University of New JerseyCamdenNew Jersey
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15
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Zawierucha K, Buda J, Nawrot A. Extreme weather event results in the removal of invertebrates from cryoconite holes on an Arctic valley glacier (Longyearbreen, Svalbard). Ecol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Zawierucha
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and EcologyFaculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
| | - Jakub Buda
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and EcologyFaculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
| | - Adam Nawrot
- Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences Warszawa Poland
- forScience Foundation Przeźmierowo Poland
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Lang SA, Shain DH. Atypical Evolution of the F 1F o Adenosine Triphosphate Synthase Regulatory ATP6 subunit in Glacier Ice Worms (Annelida: Clitellata: Mesenchytraeus). Evol Bioinform Online 2018; 14:1176934318788076. [PMID: 30022808 PMCID: PMC6047255 DOI: 10.1177/1176934318788076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The glacier ice worm, Mesenchytraeus solifugus, is among a few animals that reside permanently in glacier ice. Their adaptation to cold temperature has been linked to relatively high intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, which compensate for reductions in molecular motion at low physiological temperatures. Here, we show that ATP6-the critical regulatory subunit of the F1Fo-ATP synthase and primary target of mitochondrial disease-acquired an unprecedented histidine-rich, 18-amino acid carboxy-terminal extension, which counters the strong evolutionary trend of mitochondrial genome compaction. Furthermore, sequence analysis suggests that this insertion is not of metazoan origin, but rather is a product of horizontal gene transfer from a microbial dietary source, and may act as a proton shuttle to accelerate the rate of ATP synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley A Lang
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - Daniel H Shain
- Department of Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Camden, NJ, USA
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