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Lin H, Li W, Zhao Y. A Diverging Species within the Stewartia gemmata (Theaceae) Complex Revealed by RAD-Seq Data. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1296. [PMID: 38794366 PMCID: PMC11124813 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Informed species delimitation is crucial in diverse biological fields; however, it can be problematic for species complexes. Showing a peripatric distribution pattern, Stewartia gemmata and S. acutisepala (the S. gemmata complex) provide us with an opportunity to study species boundaries among taxa undergoing nascent speciation. Here, we generated genomic data from representative individuals across the natural distribution ranges of the S. gemmata complex using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq). Based on the DNA sequence of assembled loci containing 41,436 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and invariant sites, the phylogenetic analysis suggested strong monophyly of both the S. gemmata complex and S. acutisepala, and the latter was nested within the former. Among S. gemmata individuals, the one sampled from Mt. Tianmu (Zhejiang) showed the closest evolutionary affinity with S. acutisepala (which is endemic to southern Zhejiang). Estimated from 2996 high-quality SNPs, the genetic divergence between S. gemmata and S. acutisepala was relatively low (an Fst of 0.073 on a per-site basis). Nevertheless, we observed a proportion of genomic regions showing relatively high genetic differentiation on a windowed basis. Up to 1037 genomic bins showed an Fst value greater than 0.25, accounting for 8.31% of the total. After SNPs subject to linkage disequilibrium were pruned, the principal component analysis (PCA) showed that S. acutisepala diverged from S. gemmata along the first and the second PCs to some extent. By applying phylogenomic analysis, the present study determines that S. acutisepala is a variety of S. gemmata and is diverging from S. gemmata, providing empirical insights into the nascent speciation within a species complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyang Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China;
| | - Wenhao Li
- Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity Group, MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Yunpeng Zhao
- Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity Group, MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
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2
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Dietz L, Mayer C, Stolle E, Eberle J, Misof B, Podsiadlowski L, Niehuis O, Ahrens D. Metazoa-level USCOs as markers in species delimitation and classification. Mol Ecol Resour 2024; 24:e13921. [PMID: 38146909 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Metazoa-level universal single-copy orthologs (mzl-USCOs) are universally applicable markers for DNA taxonomy in animals that can replace or supplement single-gene barcodes. Previously, mzl-USCOs from target enrichment data were shown to reliably distinguish species. Here, we tested whether USCOs are an evenly distributed, representative sample of a given metazoan genome and therefore able to cope with past hybridization events and incomplete lineage sorting. This is relevant for coalescent-based species delimitation approaches, which critically depend on the assumption that the investigated loci do not exhibit autocorrelation due to physical linkage. Based on 239 chromosome-level assembled genomes, we confirmed that mzl-USCOs are genetically unlinked for practical purposes and a representative sample of a genome in terms of reciprocal distances between USCOs on a chromosome and of distribution across chromosomes. We tested the suitability of mzl-USCOs extracted from genomes for species delimitation and phylogeny in four case studies: Anopheles mosquitos, Drosophila fruit flies, Heliconius butterflies and Darwin's finches. In almost all instances, USCOs allowed delineating species and yielded phylogenies that corresponded to those generated from whole genome data. Our phylogenetic analyses demonstrate that USCOs may complement single-gene DNA barcodes and provide more accurate taxonomic inferences. Combining USCOs from sources that used different versions of ortholog reference libraries to infer marker orthology may be challenging and, at times, impact taxonomic conclusions. However, we expect this problem to become less severe as the rapidly growing number of reference genomes provides a better representation of the number and diversity of organismal lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Dietz
- Museum A. Koenig, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Mayer
- Museum A. Koenig, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eckart Stolle
- Museum A. Koenig, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonas Eberle
- Museum A. Koenig, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Bonn, Germany
- Paris-Lodron-University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Bernhard Misof
- Museum A. Koenig, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Bonn, Germany
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lars Podsiadlowski
- Museum A. Koenig, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Niehuis
- Abt. Evolutionsbiologie und Ökologie, Institut für Biologie I, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Ahrens
- Museum A. Koenig, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Bonn, Germany
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3
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Nevado B, Atchison GW, Bridges EL, Orzell S, Filatov D, Hughes CE. Pleistocene diversification of unifoliolate-leaved Lupinus (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae) in Florida. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17232. [PMID: 38205900 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The importance and prevalence of recent ice-age and post-glacial speciation and species diversification during the Pleistocene across many organismal groups and physiographic settings are well established. However, the extent to which Pleistocene diversification can be attributed to climatic oscillations and their effects on distribution ranges and population structure remains debatable. In this study, we use morphologic, geographic and genetic (RADseq) data to document Pleistocene speciation and intra-specific diversification of the unifoliolate-leaved clade of Florida Lupinus, a small group of species largely restricted to inland and coastal sand ridges across the Florida peninsula and panhandle. Phylogenetic and demographic analyses alongside morphological and geographic evidence suggest that recent speciation and intra-specific divergence within this clade were driven by a combination of non-adaptive allopatric divergence caused by edaphic niche conservatism and opportunities presented by the emergence of new post-glacial sand ridge habitats. These results highlight the central importance of even modest geographic isolation and short periods of allopatric divergence following range expansion in the emergence of new taxa and add to the growing evidence that Pleistocene climatic oscillations may contribute to rapid diversification in a myriad of physiographic settings. Furthermore, our results shed new light on long-standing taxonomic debate surrounding the number of species in the Florida unifoliate Lupinus clade providing support for recognition of five species and a set of intra-specific variants. The important conservation implications for the narrowly restricted, highly endangered species Lupinus aridorum, which we show to be genetically distinct from its sister species Lupinus westianus, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Nevado
- Faculty of Sciences, cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Guy W Atchison
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edwin L Bridges
- Botanical and Ecological Consultant, Gig Harbor, Washington, USA
| | - Steve Orzell
- Avon Park Air Force Range, Avon Park, Florida, USA
| | | | - Colin E Hughes
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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4
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Fu X, Meyer-Rochow VB, Ballantyne L, Zhu X. An Improved Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of the Firefly Pyrocoelia pectoralis. INSECTS 2024; 15:43. [PMID: 38249049 PMCID: PMC10816139 DOI: 10.3390/insects15010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The endemic and endangered Chinese firefly Pyrocoelia pectoralis is a sexually dimorphic, nocturnal species. A previous attempt by this team to assemble a draft genome of P. pectoralis using PacBio and Illumina HiSeq X Ten platforms was limited in its usefulness by high redundancy and contamination. This prompted us to conduct an improved chromosome-level genome assembly of P. pectoralis. Ten chromosomes were further assembled based on Hi-C data to a 532.25 Mb final size with a 52.87 Mb scaffold N50. The total repeat lengths in the genome of P. pectoralis amount to 227.69 Mb; 42.78%. In total, 12,789 genes could be functionally annotated using at least one public database. Phylogenetic inference indicated that P. pectoralis and P. pyralis diverged ~51.41 million years ago. Gene family expansion and contraction analysis of 12 species were performed, and 546 expanded and 2660 contracted gene families were identified in P. pectoralis. We generated a high-quality draft of the P. pectoralis genome. This genome assembly should help promote research on the species' sexual dimorphism and its unique courtship behavior, which involves a combination of pheromonal and bioluminescent signals. It also can serve as a resource for accelerating genome-assisted improvements in the conservation of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Fu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Firefly Conservation Research Centre, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Victor Benno Meyer-Rochow
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Oulu University, SF-90140 Oulu, Finland;
- Agricultural Science and Technology Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Lesley Ballantyne
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, P.O. Box 588, Wagga Wagga 2678, Australia;
| | - Xinlei Zhu
- Firefly Conservation Research Centre, Wuhan 430070, China;
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Morrissey D, Gordon JD, Saso E, Bilewitch JP, Taylor ML, Hayes V, McFadden CS, Quattrini AM, Allcock AL. Bamboozled! Resolving deep evolutionary nodes within the phylogeny of bamboo corals (Octocorallia: Scleralcyonacea: Keratoisididae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 188:107910. [PMID: 37640170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Keratoisididae is a globally distributed, and exclusively deep-sea, family of octocorals that contains species and genera that are polyphyletic. An alphanumeric system, based on a three-gene-region phylogeny, is widely used to describe the biodiversity within this family. That phylogeny identified 12 major groups although it did not have enough signal to explore the relationships among groups. Using increased phylogenomic resolution generated from Ultraconserved Elements and exons (i.e. conserved elements), we aim to resolve deeper nodes within the family and investigate the relationships among those predefined groups. In total, 109 libraries of conserved elements were generated from individuals representing both the genetic and morphological diversity of our keratoisidids. In addition, the conserved element data of 12 individuals from previous studies were included. Our taxon sampling included 11 of the 12 keratoisidid groups. We present two phylogenies, constructed from a 75% (231 loci) and 50% (1729 loci) taxon occupancy matrix respectively, using both Maximum Likelihood and Multiple Species Coalescence methods. These trees were congruent at deep nodes. As expected, S1 keratoisidids were recovered as a well-supported sister clade to the rest of the bamboo corals. S1 corals do not share the same mitochondrial gene arrangement found in other members of Keratoisididae. All other bamboo corals were recovered within two major clades. Clade I comprises individuals assigned to alphanumeric groups B1, C1, D1&D2, F1, H1, I4, and J3 while Clade II contains representatives from A1, I1, and M1. By combining genomics with already published morphological data, we provide evidence that group H1 is not monophyletic, and that the division between other groups - D1 and D2, and A1 and M1 - needs to be reconsidered. Overall, there is a lack of robust morphological markers within Keratoisididae, but subtle characters such as sclerite microstructure and ornamentation seem to be shared within groups and warrant further investigation as taxonomically diagnostic characters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan Morrissey
- Ryan Institute & School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Jessica D Gordon
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Saso
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - Jaret P Bilewitch
- National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd (NIWA), 301 Evans Bay Parade, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Michelle L Taylor
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Vonda Hayes
- Department of Fisheries and Oceans, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Catherine S McFadden
- Department of Biology, Harvey Mudd College, 1250 N. Dartmouth Ave., Claremont, CA 91711, USA
| | - Andrea M Quattrini
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - A Louise Allcock
- Ryan Institute & School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
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6
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Gijsbers JC, Englebert N, Prata KE, Pichon M, Dinesen Z, Brunner R, Eyal G, González-Zapata FL, Kahng SE, Latijnhouwers KRW, Muir P, Radice VZ, Sánchez JA, Vermeij MJA, Hoegh-Guldberg O, Jacobs SJ, Bongaerts P. Global phylogenomic assessment of Leptoseris and Agaricia reveals substantial undescribed diversity at mesophotic depths. BMC Biol 2023; 21:147. [PMID: 37365558 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01630-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesophotic coral communities are increasingly gaining attention for the unique biological diversity they host, exemplified by the numerous mesophotic fish species that continue to be discovered. In contrast, many of the photosynthetic scleractinian corals observed at mesophotic depths are assumed to be depth-generalists, with very few species characterised as mesophotic-specialists. This presumed lack of a specialised community remains largely untested, as phylogenetic studies on corals have rarely included mesophotic samples and have long suffered from resolution issues associated with traditional sequence markers. RESULTS Here, we used reduced-representation genome sequencing to conduct a phylogenomic assessment of the two dominant mesophotic genera of plating corals in the Indo-Pacific and Western Atlantic, respectively, Leptoseris and Agaricia. While these genome-wide phylogenies broadly corroborated the morphological taxonomy, they also exposed deep divergences within the two genera and undescribed diversity across the current taxonomic species. Five of the eight focal species consisted of at least two sympatric and genetically distinct lineages, which were consistently detected across different methods. CONCLUSIONS The repeated observation of genetically divergent lineages associated with mesophotic depths highlights that there may be many more mesophotic-specialist coral species than currently acknowledged and that an urgent assessment of this largely unstudied biological diversity is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Gijsbers
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA.
| | - N Englebert
- Global Change Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - K E Prata
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - M Pichon
- Biodiversity Section, Queensland Museum, Townsville, 4810, Australia
| | - Z Dinesen
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - R Brunner
- Global Change Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - G Eyal
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - F L González-Zapata
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Marina (BIOMMAR), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, 111711, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - S E Kahng
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1000 Pope Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - K R W Latijnhouwers
- CARMABI Foundation, Piscaderabaai Z/N, PO Box 2090, Willemstad, Curaçao
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 700, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Muir
- Global Change Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - V Z Radice
- Global Change Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA
| | - J A Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Marina (BIOMMAR), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, 111711, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - M J A Vermeij
- CARMABI Foundation, Piscaderabaai Z/N, PO Box 2090, Willemstad, Curaçao
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 700, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - O Hoegh-Guldberg
- Global Change Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - S J Jacobs
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA
| | - P Bongaerts
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA.
- Global Change Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
- CARMABI Foundation, Piscaderabaai Z/N, PO Box 2090, Willemstad, Curaçao.
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7
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DeSalle R, Narechania A, Tessler M. Multiple Outgroups Can Cause Random Rooting in Phylogenomics. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 184:107806. [PMID: 37172862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Outgroup selection has been a major challenge since the rise of phylogenetics, and it has remained so in the phylogenomic era. Our goal here is to use large phylogenomic animal datasets to examine the impact of outgroup selection on the final topology. The results of our analyses further solidify the fact that distant outgroups can cause random rooting, and that this holds for concatenated and coalescent-based methods. The results also indicate that the standard practice of using multiple outgroups often causes random rooting. Most researchers go out of their way to get multiple outgroups, as this has been standard practice for decades. Based on our findings, this practice should stop. Instead, our results suggest that a single (most closely) related relative should be selected as the outgroup, unless all outgroups are roughly equally closely related to the ingroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob DeSalle
- Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA; Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA
| | - Apurva Narechania
- Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA
| | - Michael Tessler
- Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA; Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA; St. Francis College, Department of Biology, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
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8
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Coelho MAG, Pearson GA, Boavida JRH, Paulo D, Aurelle D, Arnaud‐Haond S, Gómez‐Gras D, Bensoussan N, López‐Sendino P, Cerrano C, Kipson S, Bakran‐Petricioli T, Ferretti E, Linares C, Garrabou J, Serrão EA, Ledoux J. Not out of the Mediterranean: Atlantic populations of the gorgonian Paramuricea clavata are a separate sister species under further lineage diversification. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9740. [PMID: 36789139 PMCID: PMC9912747 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The accurate delimitation of species boundaries in nonbilaterian marine taxa is notoriously difficult, with consequences for many studies in ecology and evolution. Anthozoans are a diverse group of key structural organisms worldwide, but the lack of reliable morphological characters and informative genetic markers hampers our ability to understand species diversification. We investigated population differentiation and species limits in Atlantic (Iberian Peninsula) and Mediterranean lineages of the octocoral genus Paramuricea previously identified as P. clavata. We used a diverse set of molecular markers (microsatellites, RNA-seq derived single-copy orthologues [SCO] and mt-mutS [mitochondrial barcode]) at 49 locations. Clear segregation of Atlantic and Mediterranean lineages was found with all markers. Species-tree estimations based on SCO strongly supported these two clades as distinct, recently diverged sister species with incomplete lineage sorting, P. cf. grayi and P. clavata, respectively. Furthermore, a second putative (or ongoing) speciation event was detected in the Atlantic between two P. cf. grayi color morphotypes (yellow and purple) using SCO and supported by microsatellites. While segregating P. cf. grayi lineages showed considerable geographic structure, dominating circalittoral communities in southern (yellow) and western (purple) Portugal, their occurrence in sympatry at some localities suggests a degree of reproductive isolation. Overall, our results show that previous molecular and morphological studies have underestimated species diversity in Paramuricea occurring in the Iberian Peninsula, which has important implications for conservation planning. Finally, our findings validate the usefulness of phylotranscriptomics for resolving evolutionary relationships in octocorals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio A. G. Coelho
- Centre for Marine Sciences (CCMAR)University of AlgarveFaroPortugal
- MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences CentreISPA‐Instituto UniversitárioLisboaPortugal
| | | | | | - Diogo Paulo
- Centre for Marine Sciences (CCMAR)University of AlgarveFaroPortugal
| | - Didier Aurelle
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIOMarseilleFrance
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRSSorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | - Sophie Arnaud‐Haond
- MARBEC (Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation)Univ. Montpellier, IFREMER, CNRS, IRDSète CedexFrance
| | - Daniel Gómez‐Gras
- Hawai‘i Institute of Marine BiologyUniversity of Hawai‘i at MānoaKaneoheHawaiiUSA
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències AmbientalsUniversitat de Barcelona (UB)BarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio)Universitat de Barcelona (UB)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Nathaniel Bensoussan
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIOMarseilleFrance
- Departament de Biologia MarinaInstitut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Paula López‐Sendino
- Departament de Biologia MarinaInstitut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Carlo Cerrano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente (DiSVA)Università Politecnica delle MarcheAnconaItaly
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa)RomeItaly
- Stazione Zoologica Anton DohrnNaplesItaly
- Fano Marine CenterFanoItaly
| | - Silvija Kipson
- Department of Biology, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
- SEAFAN – Marine Research & ConsultancyZagrebCroatia
| | | | - Eliana Ferretti
- Studio Associato GAIA s.n.c.GenoaItaly
- Institute of Marine ScienceThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Cristina Linares
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències AmbientalsUniversitat de Barcelona (UB)BarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio)Universitat de Barcelona (UB)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Joaquim Garrabou
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIOMarseilleFrance
- Departament de Biologia MarinaInstitut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Ester A. Serrão
- Centre for Marine Sciences (CCMAR)University of AlgarveFaroPortugal
- CIBIO/InBIO‐Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos GenéticosVairãoPortugal
| | - Jean‐Baptiste Ledoux
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e AmbientalUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
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9
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Dietz L, Eberle J, Mayer C, Kukowka S, Bohacz C, Baur H, Espeland M, Huber BA, Hutter C, Mengual X, Peters RS, Vences M, Wesener T, Willmott K, Misof B, Niehuis O, Ahrens D. Standardized nuclear markers improve and homogenize species delimitation in Metazoa. Methods Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.14041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Dietz
- Museum A. Koenig, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB) Bonn Germany
| | - Jonas Eberle
- Museum A. Koenig, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB) Bonn Germany
- Paris‐Lodron‐University Salzburg Austria
| | - Christoph Mayer
- Museum A. Koenig, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB) Bonn Germany
| | - Sandra Kukowka
- Museum A. Koenig, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB) Bonn Germany
| | - Claudia Bohacz
- Museum A. Koenig, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB) Bonn Germany
| | - Hannes Baur
- Naturhistorisches Museum Bern/Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Marianne Espeland
- Museum A. Koenig, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB) Bonn Germany
| | - Bernhard A. Huber
- Museum A. Koenig, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB) Bonn Germany
| | - Carl Hutter
- Museum of Natural Sciences and Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
| | - Ximo Mengual
- Museum A. Koenig, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB) Bonn Germany
| | - Ralph S. Peters
- Museum A. Koenig, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB) Bonn Germany
| | - Miguel Vences
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany
| | - Thomas Wesener
- Museum A. Koenig, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB) Bonn Germany
| | - Keith Willmott
- Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
| | - Bernhard Misof
- Museum A. Koenig, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB) Bonn Germany
- Rheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐Universität Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Oliver Niehuis
- Abt. Evolutionsbiologie und Ökologie, Institut für Biologie I, Albert‐Ludwigs‐Universität Freiburg Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Dirk Ahrens
- Museum A. Koenig, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB) Bonn Germany
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10
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Kessel GM, Alderslade P, Bilewitch JP, Schnabel KE, Gardner JPA. The use of integrative taxonomy in Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa): a literature survey. Zool J Linn Soc 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Octocorals are problematic in their systematics, and the extent of their biodiversity is poorly understood. Integrative taxonomy (the use of two or more lines of evidence for the delimitation and description of taxa) is seen as a promising way to produce more robust species hypotheses and achieve taxonomic progress in this group. However, many octocoral descriptions continue to rely on morphological evidence alone, and the prevalence of integrative methods is unclear. Here, a literature survey was conducted to gain an overview of historical description rates and to examine trends in the publication of integrative descriptions between the years 2000 and 2020. We find that recent description rates are among the highest in the history of octocoral taxonomy, and although increasing, integrative taxon descriptions remain in the minority overall. We also find that integrative taxonomy has been applied unevenly across octocoral groups and geographical regions. Description rates show no signs of slowing, and no ceiling of total species richness has yet come into view. Coupled with a continued overreliance on morphological variation, particularly at the species level, this suggests that we might be adding to the workload of taxa requiring future revision faster than such instances can be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav M Kessel
- School of Biological Sciences, Te Toki a Rata Building L2, Victoria University of Wellington , Gate 7 Kelburn Parade, Wellington 6012 , New Zealand
| | - Philip Alderslade
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere , Castray Esplanade, Hobart, TAS 7000 , Australia
| | - Jaret P Bilewitch
- National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd (NIWA) , 301 Evans Bay Parade, Wellington 6021 , New Zealand
| | - Kareen E Schnabel
- National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd (NIWA) , 301 Evans Bay Parade, Wellington 6021 , New Zealand
| | - Jonathan P A Gardner
- School of Biological Sciences, Te Toki a Rata Building L2, Victoria University of Wellington , Gate 7 Kelburn Parade, Wellington 6012 , New Zealand
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11
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Wright JJ, Bruce SA, Sinopoli DA, Palumbo JR, Stewart DJ. Phylogenomic analysis of the bowfin (Amia calva) reveals unrecognized species diversity in a living fossil lineage. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16514. [PMID: 36192509 PMCID: PMC9529906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20875-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bowfin (Amia calva), as currently recognized, represents the sole living member of the family Amiidae, which dates back to approximately 150 Ma. Prior to 1896, 13 species of extant Bowfins had been described, but these were all placed into a single species with no rationale or analysis given. This situation has persisted until the present day, with little attention given to re-evaluation of those previously described nominal forms. Here, we present a phylogenomic analysis based on over 21,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 94 individuals that unambiguously demonstrates the presence of at least two independent evolutionary lineages within extant Amia populations that merit species-level standing, as well as the possibility of two more. These findings not only expand the recognizable species diversity in an iconic, ancient lineage, but also demonstrate the utility of such methods in addressing previously intractable questions of molecular systematics and phylogeography in slowly evolving groups of ancient fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy J Wright
- Research & Collections, New York State Museum, 3140 Cultural Education Center, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - Spencer A Bruce
- Department of Information Technology Services, University at Albany-State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Daniel A Sinopoli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Museum of Natural Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Jay R Palumbo
- Department of Environmental Science & Ecology, State University of New York at Brockport, Brockport, NY, USA
| | - Donald J Stewart
- Department of Environmental Biology, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA.
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12
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Revealing the Coral Species Diversity in Xiamen Bay: Spatial Distribution of Genus Astrogorgia (Cnidaria, Alcyonacea, Plexauridae) and Newly Recorded Species. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14152417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Coral reefs provide a habitat for many marine organisms and support the safety, coastal protection, well-being, and food and economic security of hundreds of millions of people. The focus on coral species diversity cannot be overemphasized. One of them, Astrogorgia, contains many marine natural active substances, and has important scientific research value and application prospects. Most of the current research on the active substances of the genus Astrogorgia is based on unidentified species, and in-depth taxonomic studies are urgently needed. A total of 1185 samples were collected from 2014 to 2021 in the waters of Xiamen Bay. Herein, the morphological identification, electronic microscopy, and gene fragment sequencing methods were used for the taxonomic study. There are three species of Astrogorgia identified, including Astrogorgia lafoa, A. arborea, and A. dumbea. Among them, A. lafoa and A. arborea are newly recorded species in the waters of China. A. lafoa is distributed in Qingyu Island, A. arborea is distributed in Wuyu Island, and A. dumbea is widely distributed in Baiha Reef, Qingyu Island, Wuyu Island, and Xiaobai Island. In this paper, the geographical distribution and the habits of 18 species of Astrogorgia are summarized, and the evolution of family and genus classification of Astrogorgia is discussed. The results enrich the geographical distribution information and coral species diversity records of Astrogorgia in China.
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13
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Pinochet R, Pardo LM, Cárdenas L. Assessing diversity of King Crab Lithodes spp. in the south-eastern pacific using phylogeny and molecular species delimitation methods. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9143. [PMID: 35923941 PMCID: PMC9339758 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the genetic diversity of commercially significant species of King Crabs (Lithodes spp.) along the south-eastern Pacific (SEP) comprises different independent evolutionary units (IEUs) with spatially isolated distribution. Nine localities from inner and open waters along the SEP Chilean coast (39°S-55°S) were sampled. We analyzed sequences from 173 individuals for the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome oxidase I (COX-I), 151 individuals for the Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS) and 135 for the structural ribosomal RNA (28S). Genetic delimitation was performed through three analytical methods: ABGD, GMYC, and its Bayesian implementation, bGMYC. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses and haplotype networks were also performed. Divergence time between clades was assessed for the COX-I marker and estimated from known evolutionary rates for this marker in other crustacean species and fossil calibration from other Anomuran species. Delimitation analyses, phylogenetic analyses, and mitochondrial haplotype networks suggested the presence of two deeply divergent mitochondrial lineages of Lithodes in the SEP, referred to as Clade1 and Clade 2. Nuclear markers showed low phylogenetic resolution and therefore were unsuitable for molecular species delimitation. Divergence time analysis of the mitochondrial lineages suggests a separation between Clades of approximately 2.3 Mya. The divergence time obtained suggested that Pliocene glaciations and deglaciations cycles could be involved in hybridization events between Lithodes IEUs at southern tip of South American coasts. The different frequencies of Lithodes haplotypes in inner and open water environments along SEP coasts could be explained by events such as the last glacial maximum or by differences in the adaptation of each clade to different environments. These findings support the necessity of evaluating the taxonomic status of Lithodes individuals found along SEP coasts under an integrative taxonomy approach or through markers with other evolution rates than those already used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Pinochet
- Programa de Doctorado en Biología Marina, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
- Centro de Investigación de Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL)ValdiviaChile
| | - Luis Miguel Pardo
- Centro de Investigación de Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL)ValdiviaChile
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
| | - Leyla Cárdenas
- Centro de Investigación de Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL)ValdiviaChile
- Instituto de Ciencias ambientales y evolutivas, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
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14
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Palmieri L, Lourdes Chamorro M, Sharma PP. Phylogenetic assessment of the Metamasius hemipterus species complex (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Dryophthorinae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 175:107589. [PMID: 35843571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metamasius is a large genus of dryophthorine weevils, with nearly 85 species. Among the economically important pests in the genus, M. hemipterus is currently separated in three subspecies, based largely on color patterns of the elytra, pronotum, and sternum. The tenuous limits of M. hemipterus subspecies were created over fifty years ago and never tested under a phylogenetic framework. Here, for the first time, we address the M. hemipterus species boundaries applying a molecular approach. We constructed a reduced genome representation of a few species using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq). Phylogenetic analysis using either a complete supermatrix or only SNPs revealed a clear separation of Metamasius species. We suggest that M. h. carbonarius syn. nov. and M. h. sericeus be treated as the same species, M. sericeus (Oliver) stat. n., and elevate M. h. hemipterus as a separate species M. hemipterus (Linnaeus). We updated Vaurie's identification key to reflect the new species status. This systematic reassessment reflects a more natural classification for these remarkable and economically significant weevils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Palmieri
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706 WI, USA.
| | - Maria Lourdes Chamorro
- Systematic Entomology Laboratory, ARS, USDA, c/o National Museum of Natural History, 10th and Constitution, NW, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - Prashant P Sharma
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706 WI, USA
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15
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Laczkó L, Jordán S, Sramkó G. The
RadOrgMiner
pipeline: Automated genotyping of organellar loci from
RADseq
data. Methods Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Levente Laczkó
- MTA‐DE “Lendület” Evolutionary Phylogenomics Research Group, Egyetem tér 1 H‐4032 Debrecen Hungary
- Department of Botany University of Debrecen Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, H‐4032 Hungary
- ELKH‐ DE Conservation Biology Research Group, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, H‐4032 Hungary
- Department of Metagenomics University of Debrecen Nagyerdei körút 98., Debrecen, H‐4032 Hungary
| | - Sándor Jordán
- Department of Botany University of Debrecen Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, H‐4032 Hungary
- Juhász‐Nagy Pál Doctoral School University of Debrecen Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, H‐4032 Hungary
| | - Gábor Sramkó
- MTA‐DE “Lendület” Evolutionary Phylogenomics Research Group, Egyetem tér 1 H‐4032 Debrecen Hungary
- Department of Botany University of Debrecen Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, H‐4032 Hungary
- ELKH‐ DE Conservation Biology Research Group, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, H‐4032 Hungary
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16
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Mao T, Liu Y, Vasconcellos MM, Pie MR, Ellepola G, Fu C, Yang J, Meegaskumbura M. Evolving in the darkness: Phylogenomics of Sinocyclocheilus cavefishes highlights recent diversification and cryptic diversity. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 168:107400. [PMID: 35031467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Troglomorphism-any morphological adaptation enabling life to the constant darkness of caves, such as loss of pigment, reduced eyesight or blindness, over-developed tactile and olfactory organs-has long intrigued biologists. However, inferring the proximate and ultimate mechanisms driving the evolution of troglomorphism (stygomorphism) in freshwater fish requires a sound understanding of the evolutionary relationships between surface and stygomorphic lineages. We use Restriction Site Associated DNA Sequencing (RADseq) to better understand the evolution of the Sinocyclocheilus fishes of China. With a remarkable array of derived stygomorphic traits, they comprise the largest cavefish diversification in the world, emerging as a multi-species model system to study evolutionary novelty. We sequenced a total of 120 individuals throughout the Sinocyclocheilus distribution. The data comprised a total of 646,497 bp per individual, including 4378 loci and 67,983 SNPs shared across a minimum of 114 individuals at a given locus. Phylogenetic analyses using either the concatenated RAD loci (RAxML) or the SNPs under a coalescent model (SVDquartets, SNAPP) showed a high degree of congruence with similar topologies and high node support (>95 for most nodes in the phylogeny). The major clades recovered conform to a pattern previously established using Sanger-based mt-DNA sequences, with a few notable exceptions. We now recognize six major clades in this group, elevating the blind cavefish S. tianlinensis and the micro-eyed S. microphthalmus as two new distinct clades due to their deep divergence from other clades. PCA plots of the SNP data also support the recognition of six major clusters of species congruent with the identified clades in ordination space. A Bayes factor delimitation (BFD) analysis showed support for 21 species, recognizing 19 previously described species and two putative new cryptic ones. Two species whose identities were previously disputed, S. furcodorsalis and S. tianeensis, are supported here as distinct species. In addition, our multi-species calibrated tree in SNAPP suggests that the genus Sinocyclocheilus originated around 10.16 Mya, with most speciation events occurring in the last 2 Mya, likely favored by the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and cave occupation induced by climate-driven aridification during this period. These results provide a firm basis for future comparative studies on the evolution of Sinocyclocheilus and its adaptations to cave life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingru Mao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Yewei Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Mariana M Vasconcellos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcio R Pie
- Biology Department, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire L39 4QP, United Kingdom
| | - Gajaba Ellepola
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Chenghai Fu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Jian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resource Use, Beibu Gulf, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Madhava Meegaskumbura
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China.
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17
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Mitogenomics reveals low variation within a trigeneric complex of black corals from the North Pacific Ocean. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-021-00537-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Dong X, Yi W, Zheng C, Zhu X, Wang S, Xue H, Ye Z, Bu W. Species delimitation of rice seed bugs complex: Insights from mitochondrial genomes and ddRAD‐seq data. ZOOL SCR 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Dong
- Institute of Entomology College of Life Sciences Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Wenbo Yi
- Department of Biology Xinzhou Teachers University Xinzhou China
| | - Chenguang Zheng
- Institute of Entomology College of Life Sciences Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Xiuxiu Zhu
- Institute of Entomology College of Life Sciences Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Shujing Wang
- Institute of Entomology College of Life Sciences Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Huaijun Xue
- Institute of Entomology College of Life Sciences Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Zhen Ye
- Institute of Entomology College of Life Sciences Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Wenjun Bu
- Institute of Entomology College of Life Sciences Nankai University Tianjin China
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19
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How challenging RADseq data turned out to favor coalescent-based species tree inference. A case study in Aichryson (Crassulaceae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 167:107342. [PMID: 34785384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Analysing multiple genomic regions while incorporating detection and qualification of discordance among regions has become standard for understanding phylogenetic relationships. In plants, which usually have comparatively large genomes, this is feasible by the combination of reduced-representation library (RRL) methods and high-throughput sequencing enabling the cost effective acquisition of genomic data for thousands of loci from hundreds of samples. One popular RRL method is RADseq. A major disadvantage of established RADseq approaches is the rather short fragment and sequencing range, leading to loci of little individual phylogenetic information. This issue hampers the application of coalescent-based species tree inference. The modified RADseq protocol presented here targets ca. 5,000 loci of 300-600nt length, sequenced with the latest short-read-sequencing (SRS) technology, has the potential to overcome this drawback. To illustrate the advantages of this approach we use the study group Aichryson Webb & Berthelott (Crassulaceae), a plant genus that diversified on the Canary Islands. The data analysis approach used here aims at a careful quality control of the long loci dataset. It involves an informed selection of thresholds for accurate clustering, a thorough exploration of locus properties, such as locus length, coverage and variability, to identify potential biased data and a comparative phylogenetic inference of filtered datasets, accompanied by an evaluation of resulting BS support, gene and site concordance factor values, to improve overall resolution of the resulting phylogenetic trees. The final dataset contains variable loci with an average length of 373nt and facilitates species tree estimation using a coalescent-based summary approach. Additional improvements brought by the approach are critically discussed.
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20
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Morrison CL, Johnson NA, Jones JW, Eackles MS, Aunins AW, Fitzgerald DB, Hallerman EM, King TL. Genetic and morphological characterization of the freshwater mussel clubshell species complex ( Pleurobema clava and Pleurobema oviforme) to inform conservation planning. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:15325-15350. [PMID: 34765181 PMCID: PMC8571583 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The shell morphologies of the freshwater mussel species Pleurobema clava (federally endangered) and Pleurobema oviforme (species of concern) are similar, causing considerable taxonomic confusion between the two species over the last 100 years. While P. clava was historically widespread throughout the Ohio River basin and tributaries to the lower Laurentian Great Lakes, P. oviforme was confined to the Tennessee and the upper Cumberland River basins. We used two mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes, 13 novel nuclear DNA microsatellite markers, and shell morphometrics to help resolve this taxonomic confusion. Evidence for a single species was apparent in phylogenetic analyses of each mtDNA gene, revealing monophyletic relationships with minimal differentiation and shared haplotypes. Analyses of microsatellites showed significant genetic structuring, with four main genetic clusters detected, respectively, in the upper Ohio River basin, the lower Ohio River and Great Lakes, and upper Tennessee River basin, and a fourth genetic cluster, which included geographically intermediate populations in the Ohio and Tennessee river basins. While principal components analysis (PCA) of morphometric variables (i.e., length, height, width, and weight) showed significant differences in shell shape, only 3% of the variance in shell shape was explained by nominal species. Using Linear Discriminant and Random Forest (RF) analyses, correct classification rates for the two species' shell forms were 65.5% and 83.2%, respectively. Random Forest classification rates for some populations were higher; for example, for North Fork Holston (HOLS), it was >90%. While nuclear DNA and shell morphology indicate that the HOLS population is strongly differentiated, perhaps indicative of cryptic biodiversity, we consider the presence of a single widespread species the most likely biological scenario for many of the investigated populations based on our mtDNA dataset. However, additional sampling of P. oviforme populations at nuclear loci is needed to corroborate this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl L. Morrison
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Leetown Research LaboratoryKearneysvilleWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Nathan A. Johnson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research CenterGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Jess W. Jones
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
| | - Michael S. Eackles
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Leetown Research LaboratoryKearneysvilleWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Aaron W. Aunins
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Leetown Research LaboratoryKearneysvilleWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Daniel B. Fitzgerald
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Leetown Research LaboratoryKearneysvilleWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Eric M. Hallerman
- Department of Fish and Wildlife ConservationVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
| | - Tim L. King
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Leetown Research LaboratoryKearneysvilleWest VirginiaUSA
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21
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Ortiz D, Pekár S, Dianat M. Phylogenomics and loci dropout patterns of deeply diverged Zodarion ant-eating spiders suggest a high potential of RAD-seq for genus-level spider phylogenetics. Cladistics 2021; 38:320-334. [PMID: 34699083 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
RAD sequencing yields large amounts of genome-wide data at a relatively low cost and without requiring previous taxon-specific information, making it ideal for evolutionary studies of highly diversified and neglected organisms. However, concerns about information decay with phylogenetic distance have discouraged its use for assessing supraspecific relationships. Here, using Double Digest Restriction Associated DNA (ddRAD) data, we perform the first deep-level approach to the phylogeny of Zodarion, a highly diversified spider genus. We explore the impact of loci and taxon filtering across concatenated and multispecies coalescent reconstruction methods and investigate the patterns of information dropout in reference to both the time of divergence and the mitochondrial divergence between taxa. We found that relaxed loci-filtering and nested taxon-filtering strategies maximized the amount of molecular information and improved phylogenetic inference. As expected, there was a clear pattern of allele dropout towards deeper time and mitochondrial divergences, but the phylogenetic signal remained strong throughout the phylogeny. Therefore, we inferred topologies that were almost fully resolved, highly supported, and noticeably congruent between setups and inference methods, which highlights overall inconsistency in the taxonomy of Zodarion. Because Zodarion appears to be among the oldest and most mitochondrially diversified spider genera, our results suggest that ddRAD data show high potential for inferring intra-generic relationships across spiders and probably also in other taxonomic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ortiz
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czechia
| | - Stano Pekár
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czechia
| | - Malahat Dianat
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czechia
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22
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Ramírez-Portilla C, Baird AH, Cowman PF, Quattrini AM, Harii S, Sinniger F, Flot JF. Solving the Coral Species Delimitation Conundrum. Syst Biol 2021; 71:461-475. [PMID: 34542634 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinguishing coral species is not only crucial for physiological, ecological and evolutionary studies, but also to enable effective management of threatened reef ecosystems. However, traditional hypotheses that delineate coral species based on morphological traits from the coral skeleton are frequently at odds with tree-based molecular approaches. Additionally, a dearth of species-level molecular markers has made species delimitation particularly challenging in species-rich coral genera, leading to the widespread assumption that inter-specific hybridization might be responsible for this apparent conundrum. Here, we used three lines of evidence - morphology, breeding trials and molecular approaches - to identify species boundaries in a group of ecologically important tabular Acropora corals. In contrast to previous studies, our morphological analyses yielded groups that were congruent with experimental crosses as well as with coalescent-based and allele sharing-based multilocus approaches to species delimitation. Our results suggest that species of the genus Acropora are reproductively isolated and independently evolving units that can be distinguished morphologically. These findings not only pave the way for a taxonomic revision of coral species, but also outline an approach that can provide a solid basis to address species delimitation and provide conservation support to a wide variety of keystone organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Ramírez-Portilla
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, B-1050, Belgium.,Systematics & Biodiversity, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, D-35392, Germany
| | - Andrew H Baird
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Peter F Cowman
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Andrea M Quattrini
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, 20560, USA
| | - Saki Harii
- Sesoko Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, 3422 Sesoko, Motobu, Okinawa 905-0227, Japan
| | - Frederic Sinniger
- Sesoko Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, 3422 Sesoko, Motobu, Okinawa 905-0227, Japan
| | - Jean-François Flot
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, B-1050, Belgium.,Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels - (IB)2, Brussels, B-1050, Belgium
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23
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Christiansen H, Heindler FM, Hellemans B, Jossart Q, Pasotti F, Robert H, Verheye M, Danis B, Kochzius M, Leliaert F, Moreau C, Patel T, Van de Putte AP, Vanreusel A, Volckaert FAM, Schön I. Facilitating population genomics of non-model organisms through optimized experimental design for reduced representation sequencing. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:625. [PMID: 34418978 PMCID: PMC8380342 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07917-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide data are invaluable to characterize differentiation and adaptation of natural populations. Reduced representation sequencing (RRS) subsamples a genome repeatedly across many individuals. However, RRS requires careful optimization and fine-tuning to deliver high marker density while being cost-efficient. The number of genomic fragments created through restriction enzyme digestion and the sequencing library setup must match to achieve sufficient sequencing coverage per locus. Here, we present a workflow based on published information and computational and experimental procedures to investigate and streamline the applicability of RRS. RESULTS In an iterative process genome size estimates, restriction enzymes and size selection windows were tested and scaled in six classes of Antarctic animals (Ostracoda, Malacostraca, Bivalvia, Asteroidea, Actinopterygii, Aves). Achieving high marker density would be expensive in amphipods, the malacostracan target taxon, due to the large genome size. We propose alternative approaches such as mitogenome or target capture sequencing for this group. Pilot libraries were sequenced for all other target taxa. Ostracods, bivalves, sea stars, and fish showed overall good coverage and marker numbers for downstream population genomic analyses. In contrast, the bird test library produced low coverage and few polymorphic loci, likely due to degraded DNA. CONCLUSIONS Prior testing and optimization are important to identify which groups are amenable for RRS and where alternative methods may currently offer better cost-benefit ratios. The steps outlined here are easy to follow for other non-model taxa with little genomic resources, thus stimulating efficient resource use for the many pressing research questions in molecular ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Christiansen
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Franz M Heindler
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Hellemans
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Quentin Jossart
- Marine Biology Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Henri Robert
- OD Nature, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie Verheye
- OD Nature, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bruno Danis
- Marine Biology Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc Kochzius
- Marine Biology Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frederik Leliaert
- Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Meise Botanic Garden, Meise, Belgium
| | - Camille Moreau
- Marine Biology Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC) UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Dijon, France
| | - Tasnim Patel
- OD Nature, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anton P Van de Putte
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,OD Nature, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium.,Marine Biology Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ann Vanreusel
- Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip A M Volckaert
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isa Schön
- OD Nature, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
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24
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Parker E, Dornburg A, Struthers CD, Jones CD, Near TJ. Phylogenomic species delimitation dramatically reduces species diversity in an Antarctic adaptive radiation. Syst Biol 2021; 71:58-77. [PMID: 34247239 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syab057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of genetic data to species delimitation often builds confidence in delimitations previously hypothesized using morphological, ecological, and geographic data and frequently yields recognition of previously-undescribed cryptic diversity. However, a recent critique of genomic data-based species delimitation approaches is that they have the potential to conflate population structure with species diversity, resulting in taxonomic oversplitting. The need for an integrative approach to species delimitation, in which molecular, morphological, ecological, and geographic lines of evidence are evaluated together, is becoming increasingly apparent. Here, we integrate phylogenetic, population genetic, and coalescent analyses of genome-wide sequence data with investigation of variation in multiple morphological traits to delimit species within the Antarctic barbeled plunderfishes (Artedidraconidae: Pogonophryne). Pogonophryne currently comprises 29 valid species, most of which are distinguished solely by variation in ornamentation of the mental barbel that projects from the lower jaw, a structure previously shown to vary widely within a single species. However, our genomic and phenotypic analyses result in a dramatic reduction in the number of distinct species recognized within the clade, providing evidence to support the recognition of no more than six species. We propose to synonymize 24 of the currently recognized species with five species of Pogonophryne. We find genomic and phenotypic evidence for a new species of Pogonophryne from specimens collected in the Ross Sea. Our findings represent a rare example in which application of molecular data provides evidence of taxonomic oversplitting on the basis of morphology, clearly demonstrating the utility of an integrative species delimitation framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse Parker
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208106, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Alex Dornburg
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Carl D Struthers
- Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Christopher D Jones
- Antarctic Ecosystem Research Division, NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Thomas J Near
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208106, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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25
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Ottenlips MV, Mansfield DH, Buerki S, Feist MAE, Downie SR, Dodsworth S, Forest F, Plunkett GM, Smith JF. Resolving species boundaries in a recent radiation with the Angiosperms353 probe set: the Lomatium packardiae/L. anomalum clade of the L. triternatum (Apiaceae) complex. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2021; 108:1217-1233. [PMID: 34105148 PMCID: PMC8362113 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Speciation not associated with morphological shifts is challenging to detect unless molecular data are employed. Using Sanger-sequencing approaches, the Lomatium packardiae/L. anomalum subcomplex within the larger Lomatium triternatum complex could not be resolved. Therefore, we attempt to resolve these boundaries here. METHODS The Angiosperms353 probe set was employed to resolve the ambiguity within Lomatium triternatum species complex using 48 accessions assigned to L. packardiae, L. anomalum, or L. triternatum. In addition to exon data, 54 nuclear introns were extracted and were complete for all samples. Three approaches were used to estimate evolutionary relationships and define species boundaries: STACEY, a Bayesian coalescent-based species tree analysis that takes incomplete lineage sorting into account; ASTRAL-III, another coalescent-based species tree analysis; and a concatenated approach using MrBayes. Climatic factors, morphological characters, and soil variables were measured and analyzed to provide additional support for recovered groups. RESULTS The STACEY analysis recovered three major clades and seven subclades, all of which are geographically structured, and some correspond to previously named taxa. No other analysis had full agreement between recovered clades and other parameters. Climatic niche and leaflet width and length provide some predictive ability for the major clades. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that these groups are in the process of incipient speciation and incomplete lineage sorting has been a major barrier to resolving boundaries within this lineage previously. These results are hypothesized through sequencing of multiple loci and analyzing data using coalescent-based processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sven Buerki
- Department of Biological SciencesBoise State UniversityBoiseID83725USA
| | | | - Stephen R. Downie
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Steven Dodsworth
- Royal Botanic Gardens, KewRichmondSurreyTW9 3AEUK
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of BedfordshireLutonLU1 3JUUK
| | - Félix Forest
- Royal Botanic Gardens, KewRichmondSurreyTW9 3AEUK
| | - Gregory M. Plunkett
- Cullman Program for Molecular SystematicsNew York Botanical Garden2900 Southern BoulevardBronxNY10458USA
| | - James F. Smith
- Department of Biological SciencesBoise State UniversityBoiseID83725USA
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26
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Genome-wide SNPs redefines species boundaries and conservation units in the freshwater mussel genus Cyprogenia of North America. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10752. [PMID: 34031525 PMCID: PMC8144384 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90325-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Detailed information on species delineation and population genetic structure is a prerequisite for designing effective restoration and conservation strategies for imperiled organisms. Phylogenomic and population genomic analyses based on genome-wide double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-Seq) data has identified three allopatric lineages in the North American freshwater mussel genus Cyprogenia. Cyprogenia stegaria is restricted to the Eastern Highlands and displays little genetic structuring within this region. However, two allopatric lineages of C. aberti in the Ozark and Ouachita highlands exhibit substantial levels (mean uncorrected FST = 0.368) of genetic differentiation and each warrants recognition as a distinct evolutionary lineage. Lineages of Cyprogenia in the Ouachita and Ozark highlands are further subdivided reflecting structuring at the level of river systems. Species tree inference and species delimitation in a Bayesian framework using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) data supported results from phylogenetic analyses, and supports three species of Cyprogenia over the currently recognized two species. A comparison of SNPs generated from both destructively and non-destructively collected samples revealed no significant difference in the SNP error rate, quality and amount of ddRAD sequence reads, indicating that nondestructive or trace samples can be effectively utilized to generate SNP data for organisms for which destructive sampling is not permitted.
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27
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Genetic Divergence and Polyphyly in the Octocoral Genus Swiftia [Cnidaria: Octocorallia], Including a Species Impacted by the DWH Oil Spill. DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13040172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) are recognized around the world as diverse and ecologically important habitats. In the northern Gulf of Mexico (GoMx), MCEs are rocky reefs with abundant black corals and octocorals, including the species Swiftia exserta. Surveys following the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill in 2010 revealed significant injury to these and other species, the restoration of which requires an in-depth understanding of the biology, ecology, and genetic diversity of each species. To support a larger population connectivity study of impacted octocorals in the GoMx, this study combined sequences of mtMutS and nuclear 28S rDNA to confirm the identity of Swiftia sea fans in the GoMx, compare these markers for different polyp colors in the GoMx and Atlantic, and examine the phylogeny of the genus. Two mtMutS haplotypes were identified, one seemingly endemic to the northern GoMx. Compared to other North Atlantic Swiftia, S. exserta, the type of the genus was found to be extremely divergent and distinct from the two other Swiftia at both loci, with strong evidence of polyphyly in the genus. This information refines our understanding of the geographical distribution of injured coral and highlights how little is known about MCEs. Substantial taxonomic revisions may be needed for several taxa injured by the DWH oil spill.
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28
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Terraneo TI, Benzoni F, Arrigoni R, Baird AH, Mariappan KG, Forsman ZH, Wooster MK, Bouwmeester J, Marshell A, Berumen ML. Phylogenomics of Porites from the Arabian Peninsula. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 161:107173. [PMID: 33813021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The advent of high throughput sequencing technologies provides an opportunity to resolve phylogenetic relationships among closely related species. By incorporating hundreds to thousands of unlinked loci and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), phylogenomic analyses have a far greater potential to resolve species boundaries than approaches that rely on only a few markers. Scleractinian taxa have proved challenging to identify using traditional morphological approaches and many groups lack an adequate set of molecular markers to investigate their phylogenies. Here, we examine the potential of Restriction-site Associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) to investigate phylogenetic relationships and species limits within the scleractinian coral genus Porites. A total of 126 colonies were collected from 16 localities in the seas surrounding the Arabian Peninsula and ascribed to 12 nominal and two unknown species based on their morphology. Reference mapping was used to retrieve and compare nearly complete mitochondrial genomes, ribosomal DNA, and histone loci. De novo assembly and reference mapping to the P. lobata coral transcriptome were compared and used to obtain thousands of genome-wide loci and SNPs. A suite of species discovery methods (phylogenetic, ordination, and clustering analyses) and species delimitation approaches (coalescent-based, species tree, and Bayesian Factor delimitation) suggested the presence of eight molecular lineages, one of which included six morphospecies. Our phylogenomic approach provided a fully supported phylogeny of Porites from the Arabian Peninsula, suggesting the power of RADseq data to solve the species delineation problem in this speciose coral genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tullia I Terraneo
- Red Sea Research Centre, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, QLD, Australia.
| | - Francesca Benzoni
- Red Sea Research Centre, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roberto Arrigoni
- Red Sea Research Centre, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms (BEOM), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Napoli, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Andrew H Baird
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, QLD, Australia
| | - Kiruthiga G Mariappan
- Red Sea Research Centre, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zac H Forsman
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, Kaneohe 96744, HI, USA
| | - Michael K Wooster
- Red Sea Research Centre, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Alyssa Marshell
- Department of Marine Science and Fisheries, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Michael L Berumen
- Red Sea Research Centre, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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29
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Inclusivity is key to progressing coral biodiversity research: Reply to comment by Bonito et al. (2021). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 162:107135. [PMID: 33684528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Conservation in the face of hybridisation: genome-wide study to evaluate taxonomic delimitation and conservation status of a threatened orchid species. CONSERV GENET 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-020-01325-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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31
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Ivanov V, Marusik Y, Pétillon J, Mutanen M. Relevance of ddRADseq method for species and population delimitation of closely related and widely distributed wolf spiders (Araneae, Lycosidae). Sci Rep 2021; 11:2177. [PMID: 33500478 PMCID: PMC7838170 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81788-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although species delimitation is often controversial, emerging DNA-based and classical morphology-based methods are rarely compared using large-scale samplings, even less in the case of widely distributed species that have distant, allopatric populations. In the current study, we examined species boundaries within two wolf spider species of the genus Pardosa (Araneae, Lycosidae), P. riparia and P. palustris. Wolf spiders constitute an excellent model for testing the relevance of traditional vs. modern methods in species and population delimitation because several closely related species are distributed over cross-continental geographic ranges. Allopatric populations of the two Pardosa species were sampled across Europe to Far East Russia (latitudinal range > 150°) and several dozen individuals were studied using morphological characters (morphometry of three measures for both sexes, plus five in males only and two in females only), DNA barcoding (COI sequencing) and double-digest restriction site associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq). The results obtained allow for changing the taxonomic status of two Far East Russian populations to subspecies and ddRADseq proved to be a powerful tool for taxonomic research despite scarce sampling and inherent subjectivity of species delimitation in allopatry. Overall, this study pleads for both multi-criteria and more population-based studies in taxonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Ivanov
- grid.10858.340000 0001 0941 4873Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Yuri Marusik
- grid.493323.c0000 0004 0399 5314Institute for Biological Problems of the North, RAS, Magadan, Russia ,grid.412219.d0000 0001 2284 638XDepartment of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300 South Africa
| | - Julien Pétillon
- grid.410368.80000 0001 2191 9284UMR CNRS ECOBIO, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Marko Mutanen
- grid.10858.340000 0001 0941 4873Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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32
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Mendes CB, Norenburg JL, Andrade SCS. Species delimitation integrative approach reveals three new species in the Nemertopsis bivittata complex. INVERTEBR SYST 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/is20048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The presence of cryptic species is fairly frequent in many invertebrate groups and even more so among invertebrates with simple morphology, such as nemerteans. Consequently, the use of molecular methods for species delimitation has become a needed tool to complement morphological analyses to better recognise such species. Nemertopsis bivittata is one example of species with subtle morphological variation, but ample geographic distribution, being a good candidate for a species complex study. Here we applied two mitochondrial genes, and 2903 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variants in addition to morphological characters to investigate the presence of cryptic species among specimens previously identified as N. bivittata along the Brazilian Coast. To do so, specimens were collected at 15 different sites in the north-east, south-east and southern regions. Three new species of Nemertopsis are described based on morphological and molecular analyses: Nemertopsis caete sp. nov., Nemertopsis pamelaroeae sp. nov. and Nemertopsis berthalutzae sp. nov. The species N. pamelaroeae and N. berthalutzae present broad distributions from north-east to south-east; N. caete, however, is restricted to the north-east coast. This is the first study to use this combined approach in nemerteans and shows the advantages of integrating genomic markers with classical taxonomy, and applying objective approaches to delimiting species as independently evolving entities.
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33
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Hippee AC, Beer MA, Bagley RK, Condon MA, Kitchen A, Lisowski EA, Norrbom AL, Forbes AA. Host shifting and host sharing in a genus of specialist flies diversifying alongside their sunflower hosts. J Evol Biol 2020; 34:364-379. [PMID: 33190382 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Congeneric parasites are unlikely to specialize on the same tissues of the same host species, likely because of strong multifarious selection against niche overlap. Exceptions where >1 congeneric species use the same tissues reveal important insights into ecological factors underlying the origins and maintenance of diversity. Larvae of sunflower maggot flies in the genus Strauzia feed on plants in the family Asteraceae. Although Strauzia tend to be host specialists, some species specialize on the same hosts. To resolve the origins of host sharing among these specialist flies, we used reduced representation genomic sequencing to infer the first multilocus phylogeny of genus Strauzia. Our results show that Helianthus tuberosus and Helianthus grosseserratus each host three different Strauzia species and that the flies co-occurring on a host are not one another's closest relatives. Though this pattern implies that host sharing is most likely the result of host shifts, these may not all be host shifts in the conventional sense of an insect moving onto an entirely new plant. Many hosts of Strauzia belong to a clade of perennial sunflowers that arose 1-2 MYA and are noted for frequent introgression and hybrid speciation events. Our divergence time estimates for all of the Helianthus-associated Strauzia are within this same time window (<1 MYA), suggesting that rapid and recent adaptive introgression and speciation in Helianthus may have instigated the diversification of Strauzia, with some flies converging upon a single plant host after their respective ancestral host plants hybridized to form a new sunflower species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaine C Hippee
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Marc A Beer
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Robin K Bagley
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University at Lima, Lima, OH, USA
| | - Marty A Condon
- Department of Biology, Cornell College, Mount Vernon, IA, USA
| | - Andrew Kitchen
- Department of Anthropology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Allen L Norrbom
- Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, PSI, c/o National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Andrew A Forbes
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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34
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Uckele KA, Adams RP, Schwarzbach AE, Parchman TL. Genome-wide RAD sequencing resolves the evolutionary history of serrate leaf Juniperus and reveals discordance with chloroplast phylogeny. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 156:107022. [PMID: 33242585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.107022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Juniper (Juniperus) is an ecologically important conifer genus of the Northern Hemisphere, the members of which are often foundational tree species of arid regions. The serrate leaf margin clade is native to topologically variable regions in North America, where hybridization has likely played a prominent role in their diversification. Here we use a reduced-representation sequencing approach (ddRADseq) to generate a phylogenomic data set for 68 accessions representing all 22 species in the serrate leaf margin clade, as well as a number of close and distant relatives, to improve understanding of diversification in this group. Phylogenetic analyses using three methods (SVDquartets, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian) yielded highly congruent and well-resolved topologies. These phylogenies provided improved resolution relative to past analyses based on Sanger sequencing of nuclear and chloroplast DNA, and were largely consistent with taxonomic expectations based on geography and morphology. Calibration of a Bayesian phylogeny with fossil evidence produced divergence time estimates for the clade consistent with a late Oligocene origin in North America, followed by a period of elevated diversification between 12 and 5 Mya. Comparison of the ddRADseq phylogenies with a phylogeny based on Sanger-sequenced chloroplast DNA revealed five instances of pronounced discordance, illustrating the potential for chloroplast introgression, chloroplast transfer, or incomplete lineage sorting to influence organellar phylogeny. Our results improve understanding of the pattern and tempo of diversification in Juniperus, and highlight the utility of reduced-representation sequencing for resolving phylogenetic relationships in non-model organisms with reticulation and recent divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Uckele
- Department of Biology, MS 314, University of Nevada, Reno, Max Fleischmann Agriculture Building, 1664 N Virginia St., Reno, NV 89557, USA.
| | - Robert P Adams
- Baylor University, Utah Lab, 201 N 5500 W, Hurricane, UT 84790, USA.
| | - Andrea E Schwarzbach
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas - Rio Grande Valley, 1 W University Drive, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA.
| | - Thomas L Parchman
- Department of Biology, MS 314, University of Nevada, Reno, Max Fleischmann Agriculture Building, 1664 N Virginia St., Reno, NV 89557, USA.
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35
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Hosegood J, Humble E, Ogden R, de Bruyn M, Creer S, Stevens GMW, Abudaya M, Bassos-Hull K, Bonfil R, Fernando D, Foote AD, Hipperson H, Jabado RW, Kaden J, Moazzam M, Peel LR, Pollett S, Ponzo A, Poortvliet M, Salah J, Senn H, Stewart JD, Wintner S, Carvalho G. Phylogenomics and species delimitation for effective conservation of manta and devil rays. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:4783-4796. [PMID: 33164287 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Practical biodiversity conservation relies on delineation of biologically meaningful units. Manta and devil rays (Mobulidae) are threatened worldwide, yet morphological similarities and a succession of recent taxonomic changes impede the development of an effective conservation strategy. Here, we generate genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from a geographically and taxonomically representative set of manta and devil ray samples to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships and evaluate species boundaries under the general lineage concept. We show that nominal species units supported by alternative data sources constitute independently evolving lineages, and find robust evidence for a putative new species of manta ray in the Gulf of Mexico. Additionally, we uncover substantial incomplete lineage sorting indicating that rapid speciation together with standing variation in ancestral populations has driven phylogenetic uncertainty within Mobulidae. Finally, we detect cryptic diversity in geographically distinct populations, demonstrating that management below the species level may be warranted in certain species. Overall, our study provides a framework for molecular genetic species delimitation that is relevant to wide-ranging taxa of conservation concern, and highlights the potential for genomic data to support effective management, conservation and law enforcement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Hosegood
- Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, Bangor University, Bangor, UK.,The Manta Trust, Catemwood House, Norwood Lane, Corscombe, Dorset, DT2 0NT, UK.,NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Emily Humble
- The Manta Trust, Catemwood House, Norwood Lane, Corscombe, Dorset, DT2 0NT, UK.,Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rob Ogden
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,TRACE Wildlife Forensics Network, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark de Bruyn
- Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, Bangor University, Bangor, UK.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Creer
- Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Guy M W Stevens
- The Manta Trust, Catemwood House, Norwood Lane, Corscombe, Dorset, DT2 0NT, UK
| | | | - Kim Bassos-Hull
- Mote Marine Laboratory, The Center for Shark Research, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | | | - Daniel Fernando
- The Manta Trust, Catemwood House, Norwood Lane, Corscombe, Dorset, DT2 0NT, UK.,Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.,Blue Resources Trust, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Andrew D Foote
- Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, Bangor University, Bangor, UK.,Department of Natural History, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), University Museum, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Helen Hipperson
- NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Jennifer Kaden
- RZSS WildGenes Lab, Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Lauren R Peel
- The Manta Trust, Catemwood House, Norwood Lane, Corscombe, Dorset, DT2 0NT, UK.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,The Australian Institute of Marine Science, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Save Our Seas Foundation - D'Arros Research Centre, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephen Pollett
- The Manta Trust, Catemwood House, Norwood Lane, Corscombe, Dorset, DT2 0NT, UK
| | - Alessandro Ponzo
- Large Marine Vertebrates Research Institute Philippines, Jagna, Philippines
| | | | - Jehad Salah
- Ministry of Agriculture Directorate General of Fisheries, Gaza City, Palestine
| | - Helen Senn
- RZSS WildGenes Lab, Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joshua D Stewart
- The Manta Trust, Catemwood House, Norwood Lane, Corscombe, Dorset, DT2 0NT, UK
| | - Sabine Wintner
- KwaZulu-Natal Sharks Board, Umhlanga Rocks, South Africa.,School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Gary Carvalho
- Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
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Vaux F, Gemmell MR, Hills SFK, Marshall BA, Beu AG, Crampton JS, Trewick SA, Morgan-Richards M. Lineage Identification Affects Estimates of Evolutionary Mode in Marine Snails. Syst Biol 2020; 69:1106-1121. [PMID: 32163159 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syaa018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to study evolutionary pattern and process, we need to be able to accurately identify species and the evolutionary lineages from which they are derived. Determining the concordance between genetic and morphological variation of living populations, and then directly comparing extant and fossil morphological data, provides a robust approach for improving our identification of lineages through time. We investigate genetic and shell morphological variation in extant species of Penion marine snails from New Zealand, and extend this analysis into deep time using fossils. We find that genetic and morphological variation identify similar patterns and support most currently recognized extant species. However, some taxonomic over-splitting is detected due to shell size being a poor trait for species delimitation, and we identify incorrect assignment of some fossil specimens. We infer that a single evolutionary lineage (Penion sulcatus) has existed for 22 myr, with most aspects of shell shape and shell size evolving under a random walk. However, by removing samples previously classified as the extinct species P. marwicki, we instead detect morphological stasis for one axis of shell shape variation. This result demonstrates how lineage identification can change our perception of evolutionary pattern and process. [Genotyping by sequencing; geometric morphometrics; morphological evolution; Neogastropoda; phenotype; speciation; stasis.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Vaux
- Wildlife and Ecology Group, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand.,Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, 2030 SE Marine Science Dr, Newport, OR 97365, USA.,Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 340 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Michael R Gemmell
- Wildlife and Ecology Group, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Simon F K Hills
- Wildlife and Ecology Group, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Bruce A Marshall
- Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Alan G Beu
- GNS Science, PO Box 30-368, Lower Hutt 5011, New Zealand
| | - James S Crampton
- School of Geography, Environment & Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Steven A Trewick
- Wildlife and Ecology Group, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Mary Morgan-Richards
- Wildlife and Ecology Group, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
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37
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Fawley MW, Fawley KP. Identification of Eukaryotic Microalgal Strains. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY 2020; 32:2699-2709. [PMID: 33542589 PMCID: PMC7853647 DOI: 10.1007/s10811-020-02190-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Proper identification and documentation of microalgae is often lacking in publications of applied phycology, algal physiology and biochemistry. Identification of many eukaryotic microalgae can be very daunting to the non-specialist. We present a systematic process for identifying eukaryotic microalgae using morphological evidence and DNA sequence analysis. Our intent was to provide an identification method that could be used by non-taxonomists, but which is grounded in the current techniques used by algal taxonomists. Central to the identification is database searches with DNA sequences of appropriate loci. We provide usable criteria for identification at the genus or species level, depending on the availability of sequence data in curated databases and repositories. Particular attention is paid to dealing with possible misidentifications in DNA databases and utilizing current taxonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin W Fawley
- Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of the Ozarks, Clarksville, AR 72830, USA
| | - Karen P Fawley
- Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of the Ozarks, Clarksville, AR 72830, USA
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38
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Mussmann SM, Douglas MR, Oakey DD, Douglas ME. Defining relictual biodiversity: Conservation units in speckled dace (Leuciscidae: Rhinichthys osculus) of the Greater Death Valley ecosystem. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:10798-10817. [PMID: 33072297 PMCID: PMC7548178 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tips in the tree of life serve as foci for conservation and management, yet clear delimitations are masked by inherent variance at the species-population interface. Analyses using thousands of nuclear loci can potentially sort inconsistencies, yet standard categories applied to this parsing are themselves potentially conflicting and/or subjective [e.g., DPS (distinct population segments); DUs (Diagnosable Units-Canada); MUs (management units); SSP (subspecies); ESUs (Evolutionarily Significant Units); and UIEUs (uniquely identified evolutionary units)]. One potential solution for consistent categorization is to create a comparative framework by accumulating statistical results from independent studies and evaluating congruence among data sets. Our study illustrates this approach in speckled dace (Leuciscidae: Rhinichthys osculus) endemic to two basins (Owens and Amargosa) in the Death Valley ecosystem. These fish persist in the Mojave Desert as isolated Plio-Pleistocene relicts and are of conservation concern, but lack formal taxonomic descriptions/designations. Double digest RAD (ddRAD) methods identified 14,355 SNP loci across 10 populations (N = 140). Species delimitation analyses [multispecies coalescent (MSC) and unsupervised machine learning (UML)] delineated four putative ESUs. F ST outlier loci (N = 106) were juxtaposed to uncover the potential for localized adaptations. We detected one hybrid population that resulted from upstream reconnection of habitat following contemporary pluvial periods, whereas remaining populations represent relics of ancient tectonism within geographically isolated springs and groundwater-fed streams. Our study offers three salient conclusions: a blueprint for a multifaceted delimitation of conservation units; a proposed mechanism by which criteria for intraspecific biodiversity can be potentially standardized; and a strong argument for the proactive management of critically endangered Death Valley ecosystem fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M. Mussmann
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleARUSA
| | - Marlis R. Douglas
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleARUSA
| | - David D. Oakey
- School of Life SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
- Present address:
Arizona State Veteran HomePhoenixAZUSA
| | - Michael E. Douglas
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleARUSA
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39
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Erickson KL, Pentico A, Quattrini AM, McFadden CS. New approaches to species delimitation and population structure of anthozoans: Two case studies of octocorals using ultraconserved elements and exons. Mol Ecol Resour 2020; 21:78-92. [PMID: 32786110 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
As coral populations decline worldwide in the face of ongoing environmental change, documenting their distribution, diversity and conservation status is now more imperative than ever. Accurate delimitation and identification of species is a critical first step. This task, however, is not trivial as morphological variation and slowly evolving molecular markers confound species identification. New approaches to species delimitation in corals are needed to overcome these challenges. Here, we test whether target enrichment of ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and exons can be used for delimiting species boundaries and population structure within species of corals by focusing on two octocoral genera, Alcyonium and Sinularia, as exemplary case studies. We designed an updated bait set (29,181 baits) to target-capture 3,023 UCE and exon loci, recovering a mean of 1,910 ± 168 SD per sample with a mean length of 1,055 ± 208 bp. Similar numbers of loci were recovered from Sinularia (1,946 ± 227 SD) and Alcyonium (1,863 ± 177 SD). Species-level phylogenies were highly supported for both genera. Clustering methods based on filtered single nucleotide polymorphisms delimited species and populations that are congruent with previous allozyme, DNA barcoding, reproductive and ecological data for Alcyonium, and offered further evidence of hybridization among species. For Sinularia, results were congruent with those obtained from a previous study using restriction site associated DNA sequencing. Both case studies demonstrate the utility of target-enrichment of UCEs and exons to address a wide range of evolutionary and taxonomic questions across deep to shallow timescales in corals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alicia Pentico
- Department of Biology, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - Andrea M Quattrini
- Department of Biology, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA, USA.,Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
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40
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Gutiérrez-Rodríguez J, Zaldívar-Riverón A, Solano-Zavaleta I, Campbell JA, Meza-Lázaro RN, Flores-Villela O, Nieto-Montes de Oca A. Phylogenomics of the Mesoamerican alligator-lizard genera Abronia and Mesaspis (Anguidae: Gerrhonotinae) reveals multiple independent clades of arboreal and terrestrial species. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 154:106963. [PMID: 32950681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abronia and Mesaspis are two of the five anguid lizard genera in the subfamily Gerrhonotinae. Their members are restricted to Mesoamerica, and most have allopatric distributions. Species of Abronia are primarily arboreal and occur in cloud and seasonally dry pine-oak forests, whereas those of Mesaspis are terrestrial and inhabit mesic microhabitats of montane forests. Recent molecular studies suggest that although these genera together form a monophyletic group, neither genus is monophyletic. Here we performed a phylogenetic study of Abronia and Mesaspis based on the most comprehensive taxonomic sampling of these genera to date and double digest restriction site-associated (ddRADseq) data. Our reconstructed phylogeny differed considerably from all previously published topologies, consistently recovering multiple independent clades of arboreal and terrestrial species and Abronia and Mesaspis as non-monophyletic. Geography, rather than current taxonomy, provides the best explanation of their phylogenetic relationships. Our analyses consistently recovered two main clades, distributed on the highlands of Middle America east and west of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, respectively, and each composed of subclades of Abronia and Mesaspis. In the former main clade, members of the subgenus Auriculabronia formed the sister taxon to the Mesaspis moreletii complex, whereas the main clade west of the Isthmus was composed of two clades with a subclade of Abronia and another of Mesaspis each (one clade on the Atlantic versant of the main mountain ranges of eastern Mexico and another one on the Sierra Madre del Sur exclusive of its Atlantic versant) and a third clade with species of the subgenera Abronia and Scopaeabronia. We discuss the taxonomic implications of our results for the classification of the examined taxa and list the morphological characters that diagnose the recovered clades. This study highlights the utility of ddRADseq data to reconstruct the evolutionary history of supraspecific vertebrate taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Gutiérrez-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Herpetología, Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico; Departamento de Ecología Integrativa, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alejandro Zaldívar-Riverón
- Colección Nacional de Insectos, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Israel Solano-Zavaleta
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jonathan A Campbell
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Rubi N Meza-Lázaro
- Colección Nacional de Insectos, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Oscar Flores-Villela
- Laboratorio de Herpetología, Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Adrián Nieto-Montes de Oca
- Laboratorio de Herpetología, Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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41
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Martín-Hernanz S, Aparicio A, Fernández-Mazuecos M, Rubio E, Reyes-Betancort JA, Santos-Guerra A, Olangua-Corral M, Albaladejo RG. Maximize Resolution or Minimize Error? Using Genotyping-By-Sequencing to Investigate the Recent Diversification of Helianthemum (Cistaceae). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1416. [PMID: 31781140 PMCID: PMC6859804 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A robust phylogenetic framework, in terms of extensive geographical and taxonomic sampling, well-resolved species relationships and high certainty of tree topologies and branch length estimations, is critical in the study of macroevolutionary patterns. Whereas Sanger sequencing-based methods usually recover insufficient phylogenetic signal, especially in recently diversified lineages, reduced-representation sequencing methods tend to provide well-supported phylogenetic relationships, but usually entail remarkable bioinformatic challenges due to the inherent trade-off between the number of SNPs and the magnitude of associated error rates. The genus Helianthemum (Cistaceae) is a species-rich and taxonomically complex Palearctic group of plants that diversified mainly since the Upper Miocene. It is a challenging case study since previous attempts using Sanger sequencing were unable to resolve the intrageneric phylogenetic relationships. Aiming to obtain a robust phylogenetic reconstruction based on genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), we established a rigorous methodological workflow in which we i) explored how variable settings during dataset assembly have an impact on error rates and on the degree of resolution under concatenation and coalescent approaches, ii) assessed the effect of two extreme parameter configurations (minimizing error rates vs. maximizing phylogenetic resolution) on tree topology and branch lengths, and iii) evaluated the effects of these two configurations on estimates of divergence times and diversification rates. Our analyses produced highly supported topologically congruent phylogenetic trees for both configurations. However, minimizing error rates did produce more reliable branch lengths, critically affecting the accuracy of downstream analyses (i.e. divergence times and diversification rates). In addition to recommending a revision of intrageneric systematics, our results enabled us to identify three highly diversified lineages in Helianthemum in contrasting geographical areas and ecological conditions, which started radiating in the Upper Miocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Martín-Hernanz
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Abelardo Aparicio
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Encarnación Rubio
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - J. Alfredo Reyes-Betancort
- Jardín de Aclimatación de la Orotava, Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias (ICIA), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Arnoldo Santos-Guerra
- Jardín de Aclimatación de la Orotava, Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias (ICIA), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - María Olangua-Corral
- Departamento de Biología Reproductiva y Micro-morfología, Jardín Botánico Canario ‘Viera y Clavijo’—Unidad Asociada CSIC (Cabildo de Gran Canaria), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Rafael G. Albaladejo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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42
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Iguchi A, Yoshioka Y, Forsman ZH, Knapp ISS, Toonen RJ, Hongo Y, Nagai S, Yasuda N. RADseq population genomics confirms divergence across closely related species in blue coral (Heliopora coerulea). BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:187. [PMID: 31615417 PMCID: PMC6794731 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1522-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Heliopora coerulea, the blue coral, is the octocoral characterized by its blue skeleton. Recently, two Heliopora species were delimited by DNA markers: HC-A and HC-B. To clarify the genomic divergence of these Heliopora species (HC-A and HC-B) from sympatric and allopatric populations in Okinawa, Japan, we used a high throughput reduced representation genomic DNA sequencing approach (ezRAD). Results We found 6742 biallelic SNPs shared among all target populations, which successfully distinguished the HC-A and HC-B species in both the sympatric and allopatric populations, with no evidence of hybridization between the two. In addition, we detected 410 fixed SNPs linking functional gene differences, including heat resilience and reproductive timing, between HC-A and HC-B. Conclusions We confirmed clear genomic divergence between Heliopora species and found possible genes related to stress-responses and reproduction, which may shed light on the speciation process and ecological divergence of coral species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Iguchi
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, 905 Henoko, Nago-City, Okinawa, 905-2192, Japan. .,Present address: Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST Tsukuba Central 7, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8567, Japan.
| | - Yuki Yoshioka
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, 905 Henoko, Nago-City, Okinawa, 905-2192, Japan
| | - Zac H Forsman
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, Kaneohe, HI, USA
| | | | | | - Yuki Hongo
- Research Center for Aquatic Genomics, National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-8648, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagai
- Research Center for Aquatic Genomics, National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-8648, Japan
| | - Nina Yasuda
- Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen- kibanadai-nishi-1-1, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan.
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43
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Takata K, Taninaka H, Nonaka M, Iwase F, Kikuchi T, Suyama Y, Nagai S, Yasuda N. Multiplexed ISSR genotyping by sequencing distinguishes two precious coral species (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Coralliidae) that share a mitochondrial haplotype. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7769. [PMID: 31598424 PMCID: PMC6779117 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Precious corals known as coralliid corals (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) play an important role in increasing the biodiversity of the deep sea. Currently, these corals are highly threatened because of overfishing that has been brought on by an increased demand and elevated prices for them.The deep sea precious corals Pleurocorallium elatius and P. konojoi are distributed in Japanese waters and have distinct morphological features: (1) the terminal branches of the colony form of P. elatius are very fine, while those of P. konojoi are blunt and rounded, (2) the autozooids of P. elatius are arranged in approximately four rows, while those of P. konojoi are clustered in groups. However, previous genetic analysis using mtDNA and nuclear DNA did not indicate monophyly. Therefore, it is important to clarify their species status to allow for their conservation. Methodology We collected a total of 87 samples (60 of Corallium japonicum and 27 of P. konojoi) from around the Ryukyu Islands and Shikoku Island, which are geographically separated by approximately 1,300 km. We used a multiplexed inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) genotyping by sequencing (MIG-seq) and obtained 223 SNPs with which to perform STRUCTURE analysis and principle coordinate analysis (PCoA). In addition, two relatively polymorphic mtDNA regions were sequenced and compared. Results P. elatius and P. konojoi share a same mtDNA haplotype, which has been previously reported. However, MIG-seq analysis clearly distinguished the two species based on PCoA and STRUCTURE analysis, including 5% of species-specific fixed SNPs. Conclusion This study indicated that P. elatius and P. konojoi are different species and therefore both species should be conserved separately. Our findings highlight the importance of the conservation of these two species, especially P. elatius, whose population has been dramatically depleted over the last 100 years. The study also demonstrated the effectiveness and robustness of MIG-seq for defining closely related octocoral species that were otherwise indistinguishable using traditional genetic markers (mtDNA and EF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Takata
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroki Taninaka
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Masanori Nonaka
- Okinawa Churashima Foundation Reseach Center, Motobu, Okinawa, Japan
| | | | - Taisei Kikuchi
- Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Suyama
- Field Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Osaki, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagai
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nina Yasuda
- Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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44
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Esquerré D, Ramírez-Álvarez D, Pavón-Vázquez CJ, Troncoso-Palacios J, Garín CF, Keogh JS, Leaché AD. Speciation across mountains: Phylogenomics, species delimitation and taxonomy of the Liolaemus leopardinus clade (Squamata, Liolaemidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 139:106524. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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45
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Pie MR, Bornschein MR, Ribeiro LF, Faircloth BC, McCormack JE. Phylogenomic species delimitation in microendemic frogs of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 141:106627. [PMID: 31539606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The advent of next-generation sequencing allows researchers to use large-scale datasets for species delimitation analyses, yet one can envision an inflection point where the added accuracy of including more loci does not offset the increased computational burden. One alternative to including all loci could be to prioritize the analysis of loci for which there is an expectation of high informativeness. Here, we explore the issue of species delimitation and locus selection with montane species from two anuran genera that have been isolated in sky islands across the southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest: Melanophryniscus (Bufonidae) and Brachycephalus (Brachycephalidae). To delimit species, we obtained genetic data using target enrichment of ultraconserved elements from 32 populations (13 for Melanophryniscus and 19 for Brachycephalus), and we were able to create datasets that included over 800 loci with no missing data. We ranked loci according to their number of parsimony-informative sites, and we performed species delimitation analyses using BPP with the most informative 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320, and 640 loci. We identified three types of phylogenetic node: nodes with either consistently high or low support regardless of the number of loci or their informativeness and nodes that were initially poorly supported where support became stronger as we included more data. When viewed across all sensitivity analyses, our results suggest that the current species richness in both genera is likely underestimated. In addition, our results show the effects of different sampling strategies on species delimitation using phylogenomic datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio R Pie
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Mater Natura - Instituto de Estudos Ambientais, CEP 80250-020 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Marcos R Bornschein
- Mater Natura - Instituto de Estudos Ambientais, CEP 80250-020 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Praça Infante Dom Henrique s/no, Parque Bitaru, CEP 11330-900 São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz F Ribeiro
- Mater Natura - Instituto de Estudos Ambientais, CEP 80250-020 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Escola de Ciências da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, CEP 80215-901 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Brant C Faircloth
- Department of Biological Sciences and Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - John E McCormack
- Moore Laboratory of Zoology, Occidental College, 1600 Campus Road, Los Angeles, CA 90041, USA
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Bocek M, Motyka M, Kusy D, Bocak L. Genomic and Mitochondrial Data Identify Different Species Boundaries in Aposematically Polymorphic Eniclases Net-Winged Beetles (Coleoptera: Lycidae). INSECTS 2019; 10:E295. [PMID: 31514482 PMCID: PMC6780303 DOI: 10.3390/insects10090295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Species delineation is essential for any evolutionary and biodiversity research, and recent advances in genomic sequencing have made it possible to robustly define species boundaries and detect hidden diversity. Here, we studied 14 species of aposematically colored New Guinean Eniclases (Coleoptera: Lycidae) whose conventional morphology- and single-locus mtDNA-based taxonomy has been contentious. We analyzed mitochondrial and restriction site associated DNA fragments to obtain a phylogenetic hypothesis and compared relationships recovered by the RAD analysis with species limits based on other information. The results show the presence of cryptic diversity and common mitonuclear discordance when over 30% of individuals were incorrectly assigned to species if only mitogenomic markers were considered. Nuclear data falsified the species rank of one species and identified one earlier unrecognized lineage deserving species rank. Further, our analyses demonstrate a highly variable phenotypic differentiation, with several pairs of cryptic species standing in contrast with genetically close but phenotypically highly divergent lineages. We show that morphological and mitogenomic analyses produce reliable information for taxonomy in most cases. Nevertheless, the species boundaries among closely related species should be based on all lines of evidence, including nuclear markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Bocek
- Laboratory of Molecular Systematics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 50, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Motyka
- Laboratory of Molecular Systematics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 50, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Dominik Kusy
- Laboratory of Molecular Systematics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 50, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Ladislav Bocak
- Laboratory of Molecular Systematics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 50, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Coalescent-based species delimitation in the sand lizards of the Liolaemus wiegmannii complex (Squamata: Liolaemidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 138:89-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Cunha RL, Forsman ZH, Belderok R, Knapp ISS, Castilho R, Toonen RJ. Rare coral under the genomic microscope: timing and relationships among Hawaiian Montipora. BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:153. [PMID: 31340762 PMCID: PMC6657087 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1476-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evolutionary patterns of scleractinian (stony) corals are difficult to infer given the existence of few diagnostic characters and pervasive phenotypic plasticity. A previous study of Hawaiian Montipora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) based on five partial mitochondrial and two nuclear genes revealed the existence of a species complex, grouping one of the rarest known species (M. dilatata, which is listed as Endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature - IUCN) with widespread corals of very different colony growth forms (M. flabellata and M. cf. turgescens). These previous results could result from a lack of resolution due to a limited number of markers, compositional heterogeneity or reflect biological processes such as incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) or introgression. Results All 13 mitochondrial protein-coding genes from 55 scleractinians (14 lineages from this study) were used to evaluate if a recent origin of the M. dilatata species complex or rate heterogeneity could be compromising phylogenetic inference. Rate heterogeneity detected in the mitochondrial data set seems to have no significant impacts on the phylogenies but clearly affects age estimates. Dating analyses show different estimations for the speciation of M. dilatata species complex depending on whether taking compositional heterogeneity into account (0.8 [0.05–2.6] Myr) or assuming rate homogeneity (0.4 [0.14–0.75] Myr). Genomic data also provided evidence of introgression among all analysed samples of the complex. RADseq data indicated that M. capitata colour morphs may have a genetic basis. Conclusions Despite the volume of data (over 60,000 SNPs), phylogenetic relationships within the M. dilatata species complex remain unresolved most likely due to a recent origin and ongoing introgression. Species delimitation with genomic data is not concordant with the current taxonomy, which does not reflect the true diversity of this group. Nominal species within the complex are either undergoing a speciation process or represent ecomorphs exhibiting phenotypic polymorphisms. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-019-1476-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina L Cunha
- University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal. .,Centre of Marine Sciences, CCMAR, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Zac H Forsman
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI, 96744, USA
| | - Roy Belderok
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI, 96744, USA
| | - Ingrid S S Knapp
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI, 96744, USA
| | - Rita Castilho
- University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.,Centre of Marine Sciences, CCMAR, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Robert J Toonen
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI, 96744, USA
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Liu T, Sun K, Csorba G, Zhang K, Zhang L, Zhao H, Jin L, Thong VD, Xiao Y, Feng J. Species delimitation and evolutionary reconstruction within an integrative taxonomic framework: A case study on Rhinolophus macrotis complex (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 139:106544. [PMID: 31252069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Species delimitation and evolutionary reconstruction remain challenging for non-model species that have experienced reticulate evolution and exhibit conflicting patterns of differentiation among multiple lines of evidence, such as mitochondrial and nuclear data and phenotypes. Here, we applied an integrative taxonomic approach to a case study of Rhinolophus macrotis complex, whose taxonomic status remains controversial, to provide insight into the systematics and evolutionary history of these species. By integrating traditional genetic markers with different modes of inheritance, genome-wide SNPs as well as phenotypic characteristics, we clarified the presence of three closely related species, R. episcopus, R. siamensis, and R. osgoodi, within this complex, and proposed a new taxonomic treatment for R. osgoodi. Our results suggested that hybridization and introgression are the main causes of low mtDNA divergence in these species. Combined with the demographic inference, we deduced that glacial-interglacial cycles drove geographic isolation and secondary contacts of these species, then promoted hybridization and lineage fusion among them, finally resulting in a reticulate evolutionary pattern. Overall, our study highlights the importance of combining multiple types of data to delimit species, especially those with conserved morphology, and to reveal the sophisticated processes of speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Keping Sun
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China.
| | - Gábor Csorba
- Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kangkang Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Hanbo Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Longru Jin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Vu Dinh Thong
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Yanhong Xiao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiang Feng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China; College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
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Quattrini AM, Wu T, Soong K, Jeng MS, Benayahu Y, McFadden CS. A next generation approach to species delimitation reveals the role of hybridization in a cryptic species complex of corals. BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:116. [PMID: 31170912 PMCID: PMC6555025 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1427-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our ability to investigate processes shaping the evolutionary diversification of corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) is limited by a lack of understanding of species boundaries. Discerning species of corals has been challenging due to a multitude of factors, including homoplasious and plastic morphological characters and the use of molecular markers that are either not informative or have not completely sorted. Hybridization can also blur species boundaries by leading to incongruence between morphology and genetics. We used traditional DNA barcoding and restriction-site associated DNA sequencing combined with coalescence-based and allele-frequency methods to elucidate species boundaries and simultaneously examine the potential role of hybridization in a speciose genus of octocoral, Sinularia. RESULTS Species delimitations using two widely used DNA barcode markers, mtMutS and 28S rDNA, were incongruent with one another and with the morphospecies identifications. When mtMutS and 28S were concatenated, a 0.3% genetic distance threshold delimited the majority of morphospecies. In contrast, 12 of the 15 examined morphospecies formed well-supported monophyletic clades in both concatenated RAxML phylogenies and SNAPP species trees of > 6000 RADSeq loci. DAPC and Structure analyses also supported morphospecies assignments, but indicated the potential for two additional cryptic species. Three morphologically distinct species pairs could not, however, be distinguished genetically. ABBA-BABA tests demonstrated significant admixture between some of those species, suggesting that hybridization may confound species delimitation in Sinularia. CONCLUSIONS A genomic approach can help to guide species delimitation while simultaneously elucidating the processes generating coral diversity. Results support the hypothesis that hybridization is an important mechanism in the evolution of Anthozoa, including octocorals, and future research should examine the contribution of this mechanism in generating diversity across the coral tree of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M. Quattrini
- Biology Department, Harvey Mudd College, 1250 N. Dartmouth Ave, Claremont, CA 91711 USA
| | - Tiana Wu
- Biology Department, Harvey Mudd College, 1250 N. Dartmouth Ave, Claremont, CA 91711 USA
| | - Keryea Soong
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiou Jeng
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yehuda Benayahu
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Catherine S. McFadden
- Biology Department, Harvey Mudd College, 1250 N. Dartmouth Ave, Claremont, CA 91711 USA
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