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Dong Z, Wang C, Qu Q. WGCCRR: a web-based tool for genome-wide screening of convergent indels and substitutions of amino acids. BIOINFORMATICS ADVANCES 2024; 4:vbae070. [PMID: 38808070 PMCID: PMC11132816 DOI: 10.1093/bioadv/vbae070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Summary Genome-wide analyses of proteincoding gene sequences are being employed to examine the genetic basis of adaptive evolution in many organismal groups. Previous studies have revealed that convergent/parallel adaptive evolution may be caused by convergent/parallel amino acid changes. Similarly, detailed analysis of lineage-specific amino acid changes has shown correlations with certain lineage-specific traits. However, experimental validation remains the ultimate measure of causality. With the increasing availability of genomic data, a streamlined tool for such analyses would facilitate and expedite the screening of genetic loci that hold potential for adaptive evolution, while alleviating the bioinformatic burden for experimental biologists. In this study, we present a user-friendly web-based tool called WGCCRR (Whole Genome Comparative Coding Region Read) designed to screen both convergent/parallel and lineage-specific amino acid changes on a genome-wide scale. Our tool allows users to replicate previous analyses with just a few clicks, and the exported results are straightforward to interpret. In addition, we have also included amino acid indels that are usually neglected in previous work. Our website provides an efficient platform for screening candidate loci for downstream experimental tests. Availability and Implementation The tool is available at: https://fishevo.xmu.edu.cn/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xià-Mén, Fú-Jiàn 361102, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xià-Mén, Fú-Jiàn 361102, China
| | - Qingming Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xià-Mén, Fú-Jiàn 361102, China
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2
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Zhang N, Wang J, Pu T, Li C, Song Y. Two new species of Erythroneurini (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae) from southern China based on morphology and complete mitogenomes. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16853. [PMID: 38344292 PMCID: PMC10859084 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Erythroneurine leafhoppers (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae, Erythroneurini) are utilized to resolve the relationship between the four erythroneurine leafhopper (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae, Erythroneurini): Arboridia (Arboridia) rongchangensis sp. nov., Thaia (Thaia) jiulongensis sp. nov., Mitjaevia bifurcata Luo, Song & Song, 2021 and Mitjaevia diana Luo, Song & Song, 2021, the two new species are described and illustrated. The mitochondrial gene sequences of these four species were determined to update the mitochondrial genome database of Erythroneurini. The mitochondrial genomes of four species shared high parallelism in nucleotide composition, base composition and gene order, comprising 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and an AT control region, which was consistent with majority of species in Cicadellidae; all genes revealed common trait of a positive AT skew and negative GC skew. The mitogenomes of four species were ultra-conservative in structure, and which isanalogous to that of others in size and A + T content. Phylogenetic trees based on the mitogenome data of these species and another 24 species were built employing the maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. The results indicated that the four species belong to the tribe Erythroneurini, M. diana is the sister-group relationship of M. protuberanta + M. bifurcata. The two species Arboridia (Arboridia) rongchangensis sp. nov. and Thaia (Thaia) jiulongensis sp. nov. also have a relatively close genetic relationship with the genus Mitjaevia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Zhang
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jinqiu Wang
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tianyi Pu
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Can Li
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region/Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biological Resources Protection and Efficient Utilization of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuehua Song
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
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3
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Stiller J, Wilson NG, Rouse GW. Range-wide population genomics of common seadragons shows secondary contact over a former barrier and insights on illegal capture. BMC Biol 2023; 21:129. [PMID: 37248474 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01628-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common seadragons (Phyllopteryx taeniolatus, Syngnathidae) are an emblem of the diverse endemic fauna of Australia's southern rocky reefs, the newly recognized "Great Southern Reef." A lack of assessments spanning this global biodiversity hotspot in its entirety is currently hampering an understanding of the factors that have contributed to its diversity. The common seadragon has a wide range across Australia's entire temperate south and includes a geogenetic break over a former land bridge, which has called its status as a single species into question. As a popular aquarium display that sells for high prices, common seadragons are also vulnerable to illegal capture. RESULTS Here, we provide range-wide nuclear sequences (986 variable Ultraconserved Elements) for 198 individuals and mitochondrial genomes for 140 individuals to assess species status, identify genetic units and their diversity, and trace the source of two poached individuals. Using published data of the other two seadragon species, we found that lineages of common seadragons have diverged relatively recently (< 0.63 Ma). Within common seadragons, we found pronounced genetic structure, falling into three major groups in the western, central, and eastern parts of the range. While populations across the Bassian Isthmus were divergent, there is also evidence for secondary contact since the passage opened. We found a strong cline of genetic diversity from the range center tapering symmetrically towards the range peripheries. Based on their genetic similarities, the poached individuals were inferred to have originated from around Albany in southwestern Australia. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that common seadragons constitute a single species with strong geographic structure but coherence through gene flow. The low genetic diversity on the east and west coasts is concerning given that these areas are projected to face fast climate change. Our results suggest that in addition to their life history, geological events and demographic expansions have all played a role in shaping populations in the temperate south. These insights are an important step towards understanding the historical determinants of the diversity of species endemic to the Great Southern Reef.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefin Stiller
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093 , USA.
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Nerida G Wilson
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093 , USA
- Research & Collections, Western Australian Museum, Perth, Western Australia, 6106, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Greg W Rouse
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093 , USA.
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4
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Brownstein CD. Syngnathoid Evolutionary History and the Conundrum of Fossil Misplacement. Integr Org Biol 2023; 5:obad011. [PMID: 37251781 PMCID: PMC10210065 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Seahorses, pipefishes, trumpetfishes, shrimpfishes, and allies are a speciose, globally distributed clade of fishes that have evolved a large number of unusual body plans. The clade that includes all these forms, Syngnathoidei, has become a model for the study of life history evolution, population biology, and biogeography. Yet, the timeline of syngnathoid evolution has remained highly contentious. This debate is largely attributable to the nature of the syngnathoid fossil record, which is both poorly described and patchy for several major lineages. Although fossil syngnathoids have been used to calibrate molecular phylogenies, the interrelationships of extinct species and their affinities to major living syngnathoid clades have scarcely been quantitatively tested. Here, I use an expanded morphological dataset to reconstruct the evolutionary relationships and clade ages of fossil and extant syngnathoids. Phylogenies generated using different analytical methodologies are largely congruent with molecular phylogenetic trees of Syngnathoidei but consistently find novel placements for several key taxa used as fossil calibrators in phylogenomic studies. Tip-dating of the syngnathoid phylogeny finds a timeline for their evolution that differs slightly from the one inferred using molecular trees but is generally congruent with a post-Cretaceous diversification event. These results emphasize the importance of quantitatively testing the relationships of fossil species, particularly when they are critical to assessing divergence times.
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Das S, Greenbaum E, Meiri S, Bauer AM, Burbrink FT, Raxworthy CJ, Weinell JL, Brown RM, Brecko J, Pauwels OSG, Rabibisoa N, Raselimanana AP, Merilä J. Ultraconserved elements-based phylogenomic systematics of the snake superfamily Elapoidea, with the description of a new Afro-Asian family. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 180:107700. [PMID: 36603697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The highly diverse snake superfamily Elapoidea is considered to be a classic example of ancient, rapid radiation. Such radiations are challenging to fully resolve phylogenetically, with the highly diverse Elapoidea a case in point. Previous attempts at inferring a phylogeny of elapoids produced highly incongruent estimates of their evolutionary relationships, often with very low statistical support. We sought to resolve this situation by sequencing over 4,500 ultraconserved element loci from multiple representatives of every elapoid family/subfamily level taxon and inferring their phylogenetic relationships with multiple methods. Concatenation and multispecies coalescent based species trees yielded largely congruent and well-supported topologies. Hypotheses of a hard polytomy were not retained for any deep branches. Our phylogenies recovered Cyclocoridae and Elapidae as diverging early within Elapoidea. The Afro-Malagasy radiation of elapoid snakes, classified as multiple subfamilies of an inclusive Lamprophiidae by some earlier authors, was found to be monophyletic in all analyses. The genus Micrelaps was consistently recovered as sister to Lamprophiidae. We establish a new family, Micrelapidae fam. nov., for Micrelaps and assign Brachyophis to this family based on cranial osteological synapomorphy. We estimate that Elapoidea originated in the early Eocene and rapidly diversified into all the major lineages during this epoch. Ecological opportunities presented by the post-Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event may have promoted the explosive radiation of elapoid snakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunandan Das
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Eli Greenbaum
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Shai Meiri
- School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Aaron M Bauer
- Department of Biology and Center for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stewardship, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | - Frank T Burbrink
- Department of Herpetology, American Museum of Natural History, 200 Central Park West, New York, NY 10024-5192, USA
| | - Christopher J Raxworthy
- Department of Herpetology, American Museum of Natural History, 200 Central Park West, New York, NY 10024-5192, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Weinell
- Department of Herpetology, American Museum of Natural History, 200 Central Park West, New York, NY 10024-5192, USA; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Rafe M Brown
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Jonathan Brecko
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium; Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Olivier S G Pauwels
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nirhy Rabibisoa
- Sciences de la Vie et de l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences, de Technologies et de l'Environnement, Université de Mahajanga, Campus Universitaire d'Ambondrona, BP 652, Mahajanga 401, Madagascar
| | - Achille P Raselimanana
- Zoologie et Biodiversité Animale, Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Antananarivo, BP 906, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
| | - Juha Merilä
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; Area of Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, Pokfulam Road, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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Ramesh B, Small CM, Healey H, Johnson B, Barker E, Currey M, Bassham S, Myers M, Cresko WA, Jones AG. Improvements to the Gulf pipefish Syngnathus scovelli genome. GIGABYTE 2023; 2023:gigabyte76. [PMID: 36969711 PMCID: PMC10038202 DOI: 10.46471/gigabyte.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The Gulf pipefish Syngnathus scovelli has emerged as an important species for studying sexual selection, development, and physiology. Comparative evolutionary genomics research involving fishes from Syngnathidae depends on having a high-quality genome assembly and annotation. However, the first S. scovelli genome assembled using short-read sequences and a smaller RNA-sequence dataset has limited contiguity and a relatively poor annotation. Here, using PacBio long-read high-fidelity sequences and a proximity ligation library, we generate an improved assembly to obtain 22 chromosome-level scaffolds. Compared to the first assembly, the gaps in the improved assembly are smaller, the N75 is larger, and our genome is ~95% BUSCO complete. Using a large body of RNA-Seq reads from different tissue types and NCBI's Eukaryotic Annotation Pipeline, we discovered 28,162 genes, of which 8,061 are non-coding genes. Our new genome assembly and annotation are tagged as a RefSeq genome by NCBI and provide enhanced resources for research work involving S. scovelli..
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Affiliation(s)
- Balan Ramesh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Clay M. Small
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
- Presidential Initiative in Data Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Hope Healey
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Bernadette Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Elyse Barker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Mark Currey
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Susan Bassham
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Megean Myers
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - William A. Cresko
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
- Presidential Initiative in Data Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Adam Gregory Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
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Nash CM, Lungstrom LL, Hughes LC, Westneat MW. Phylogenomics and body shape morphometrics reveal recent diversification in the goatfishes (Syngnatharia: Mullidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 177:107616. [PMID: 35998799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Clades of marine fishes exhibit many patterns of diversification, ranging from relatively constant throughout time to rapid changes in the rates of speciation and extinction. The goatfishes (Syngnatharia: Mullidae) are a family of marine, reef associated fishes with a relatively recent origin, distributed globally in tropical and temperate waters. Despite their abundance and economic importance, the goatfishes remain one of the few coral reef families for which the species level relationships have not been examined using genomic techniques. Here we use phylogenomic analysis of ultra-conserved elements (UCE) and exon data to resolve a well-supported, time-calibrated phylogeny for 72 species of goatfishes, supporting a recent crown age of the goatfishes at 21.9 million years ago. We used this framework to test hypotheses about the associations among body shape morphometrics, taxonomy, and phylogeny, as well as to explore relative diversification rates across the phylogeny. Body shape was strongly associated with generic-level taxonomy of goatfishes, with morphometric analyses showing evidence for high phylogenetic signal across all morphotypes. Rates of diversification in this clade reveal a recent sharp increase in lineage accumulation, with 92% of the goatfish species sampled across all clades and major body plans having originated in just the past 5 million years. We suggest that habitat diversity in the early Pliocene oceans and the generalist ecology of goatfishes are key factors in the unusual evolutionary tempo of the family Mullidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe M Nash
- Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Division of Fishes (IRC), Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Linnea L Lungstrom
- Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Division of Fishes (IRC), Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Lily C Hughes
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, United States.
| | - Mark W Westneat
- Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Division of Fishes (IRC), Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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Ebbs ET, Loker ES, Bu L, Locke SA, Tkach VV, Devkota R, Flores VR, Pinto HA, Brant SV. Phylogenomics and Diversification of the Schistosomatidae Based on Targeted Sequence Capture of Ultra-Conserved Elements. Pathogens 2022; 11:769. [PMID: 35890014 PMCID: PMC9321907 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11070769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomatidae Stiles and Hassall 1898 is a medically significant family of digenetic trematodes (Trematoda: Digenea), members of which infect mammals or birds as definitive hosts and aquatic or amphibious gastropods as intermediate hosts. Currently, there are 17 named genera, for many of which evolutionary interrelationships remain unresolved. The lack of a resolved phylogeny has encumbered our understanding of schistosomatid evolution, specifically patterns of host-use and the role of host-switching in diversification. Here, we used targeted sequence capture of ultra-conserved elements (UCEs) from representatives of 13 of the 17 named genera and 11 undescribed lineages that are presumed to represent either novel genera or species to generate a phylogenomic dataset for the estimation of schistosomatid interrelationships. This study represents the largest phylogenetic effort within the Schistosomatidae in both the number of loci and breadth of taxon sampling. We present a near-comprehensive family-level phylogeny providing resolution to several clades of long-standing uncertainty within Schistosomatidae, including resolution for the placement of the North American mammalian schistosomes, implying a second separate capture of mammalian hosts. Additionally, we present evidence for the placement of Macrobilharzia at the base of the Schistosoma + Bivitellobilharzia radiation. Patterns of definitive and intermediate host use and a strong role for intermediate host-switching are discussed relative to schistosomatid diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika T. Ebbs
- Department of Biology, Purchase College, The State University of New York, Purchase, NY 10577, USA
| | - Eric S. Loker
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, Museum of Southwestern Biology Parasite Division, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (E.S.L.); (L.B.); (S.V.B.)
| | - Lijing Bu
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, Museum of Southwestern Biology Parasite Division, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (E.S.L.); (L.B.); (S.V.B.)
| | - Sean A. Locke
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Box 9000, Mayagüez 00681-9000, Puerto Rico;
| | - Vasyl V. Tkach
- Grand Forks Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA;
| | - Ramesh Devkota
- Vance Granville Community College, Henderson, NC 27536, USA;
| | - Veronica R. Flores
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, INIBIOMA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Quintral 1250, San Carlos de Bariloche 8400, Argentina;
| | - Hudson A. Pinto
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Science, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil;
| | - Sara V. Brant
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, Museum of Southwestern Biology Parasite Division, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (E.S.L.); (L.B.); (S.V.B.)
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Small CM, Healey HM, Currey MC, Beck EA, Catchen J, Lin ASP, Cresko WA, Bassham S. Leafy and weedy seadragon genomes connect genic and repetitive DNA features to the extravagant biology of syngnathid fishes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2119602119. [PMID: 35733255 PMCID: PMC9245644 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2119602119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Seadragons are a remarkable lineage of teleost fishes in the family Syngnathidae, renowned for having evolved male pregnancy. Comprising three known species, seadragons are widely recognized and admired for their fantastical body forms and coloration, and their specific habitat requirements have made them flagship representatives for marine conservation and natural history interests. Until recently, a gap has been the lack of significant genomic resources for seadragons. We have produced gene-annotated, chromosome-scale genome models for the leafy and weedy seadragon to advance investigations of evolutionary innovation and elaboration of morphological traits in seadragons as well as their pipefish and seahorse relatives. We identified several interesting features specific to seadragon genomes, including divergent noncoding regions near a developmental gene important for integumentary outgrowth, a high genome-wide density of repetitive DNA, and recent expansions of transposable elements and a vesicular trafficking gene family. Surprisingly, comparative analyses leveraging the seadragon genomes and additional syngnathid and outgroup genomes revealed striking, syngnathid-specific losses in the family of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), which likely involve reorganization of highly conserved gene regulatory networks in ways that have not previously been documented in natural populations. The resources presented here serve as important tools for future evolutionary studies of developmental processes in syngnathids and hold value for conservation of the extravagant seadragons and their relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton M. Small
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
- Presidential Initiative in Data Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
| | - Hope M. Healey
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
| | - Mark C. Currey
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
| | - Emily A. Beck
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
- Presidential Initiative in Data Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
| | - Julian Catchen
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Angela S. P. Lin
- Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
| | - William A. Cresko
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
- Presidential Initiative in Data Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
| | - Susan Bassham
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
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10
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Stiller J, Short G, Hamilton H, Saarman N, Longo S, Wainwright P, Rouse GW, Simison WB. Phylogenomic analysis of Syngnathidae reveals novel relationships, origins of endemic diversity and variable diversification rates. BMC Biol 2022; 20:75. [PMID: 35346180 PMCID: PMC8962102 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01271-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seahorses, seadragons, pygmy pipehorses, and pipefishes (Syngnathidae, Syngnathiformes) are among the most recognizable groups of fishes because of their derived morphology, unusual life history, and worldwide distribution. Despite previous phylogenetic studies and recent new species descriptions of syngnathids, the evolutionary relationships among several major groups within this family remain unresolved. RESULTS Here, we provide a reconstruction of syngnathid phylogeny based on genome-wide sampling of 1314 ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and expanded taxon sampling to assess the current taxonomy and as a basis for macroevolutionary insights. We sequenced a total of 244 new specimens across 117 species and combined with published UCE data for a total of 183 species of Syngnathidae, about 62% of the described species diversity, to compile the most data-rich phylogeny to date. We estimated divergence times using 14 syngnathiform fossils, including nine fossils with newly proposed phylogenetic affinities, to better characterize current and historical biogeographical patterns, and to reconstruct diversification through time. We present a phylogenetic hypothesis that is well-supported and provides several notable insights into syngnathid evolution. We found nine non-monophyletic genera, evidence for seven cryptic species, five potentially invalid synonyms, and identified a novel sister group to the seahorses, the Indo-Pacific pipefishes Halicampus macrorhynchus and H. punctatus. In addition, the morphologically distinct southwest Pacific seahorse Hippocampus jugumus was recovered as the sister to all other non-pygmy seahorses. As found in many other groups, a high proportion of syngnathid lineages appear to have originated in the Central Indo-Pacific and subsequently dispersed to adjoining regions. Conversely, we also found an unusually high subsequent return of lineages from southern Australasia to the Central Indo-Pacific. Diversification rates rose abruptly during the Middle Miocene Climate Transition and peaked after the closure of the Tethys Sea. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal a previously underappreciated diversity of syngnathid lineages. The observed biogeographic patterns suggest a significant role of the southern Australasian region as a source and sink of lineages. Shifts in diversification rates imply possible links to declining global temperatures, the separation of the Atlantic and Pacific faunas, and the environmental changes associated with these events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefin Stiller
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA.
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Graham Short
- Ichthyology, Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia
- Ichthyology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, USA
- Ichthyology, Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, Seattle, USA
| | | | - Norah Saarman
- Department of Biology and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Sarah Longo
- Department of Biological Science, Towson University, Towson, MD, 21252, USA
| | - Peter Wainwright
- Department of Evolution & Ecology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Greg W Rouse
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - W Brian Simison
- Center for Comparative Genomics, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, USA
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11
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Thacker CE, Shelley JJ, McCraney WT, Adams M, Hammer MP, Unmack PJ. Phylogeny, diversification, and biogeography of a hemiclonal hybrid system of native Australian freshwater fishes (Gobiiformes: Gobioidei: Eleotridae: Hypseleotris). BMC Ecol Evol 2022; 22:22. [PMID: 35236294 PMCID: PMC8892812 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-022-01981-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carp gudgeons (genus Hypseleotris) are a prominent part of the Australian freshwater fish fauna, with species distributed around the western, northern, and eastern reaches of the continent. We infer a calibrated phylogeny of the genus based on nuclear ultraconserved element (UCE) sequences and using Bayesian estimation of divergence times, and use this phylogeny to investigate geographic patterns of diversification with GeoSSE. The southeastern species have hybridized to form hemiclonal lineages, and we also resolve relationships of hemiclones and compare their phylogenetic placement in the UCE phylogeny with a hypothesis based on complete mitochondrial genomes. We then use phased SNPs extracted from the UCE sequences for population structure analysis among the southeastern species and hemiclones. Results Hypseleotris cyprinoides, a widespread euryhaline species known from throughout the Indo-Pacific, is resolved outside the remainder of the species. Two Australian radiations comprise the bulk of Hypseleotris, one primarily in the northwestern coastal rivers and a second inhabiting the southeastern region including the Murray–Darling, Bulloo-Bancannia and Lake Eyre basins, plus coastal rivers east of the Great Dividing Range. Our phylogenetic results reveal cytonuclear discordance between the UCE and mitochondrial hypotheses, place hemiclone hybrids among their parental taxa, and indicate that the genus Kimberleyeleotris is nested within the northwestern Hypseleotris radiation along with three undescribed species. We infer a crown age for Hypseleotris of 17.3 Ma, date the radiation of Australian species at roughly 10.1 Ma, and recover the crown ages of the northwestern (excluding H. compressa) and southeastern radiations at 5.9 and 7.2 Ma, respectively. Range-dependent diversification analyses using GeoSSE indicate that speciation and extinction rates have been steady between the northwestern and southeastern Australian radiations and between smaller radiations of species in the Kimberley region and the Arnhem Plateau. Analysis of phased SNPs confirms inheritance patterns and reveals high levels of heterozygosity among the hemiclones. Conclusions The northwestern species have restricted ranges and likely speciated in allopatry, while the southeastern species are known from much larger areas, consistent with peripatric speciation or allopatric speciation followed by secondary contact. Species in the northwestern Kimberley region differ in shape from those in the southeast, with the Kimberley species notably more elongate and slender than the stocky southeastern species, likely due to the different topographies and flow regimes of the rivers they inhabit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Thacker
- Vertebrate Zoology, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, 2559 Puesta del Sol, Santa Barbara, CA, 93105, USA. .,Research and Collections, Department of Ichthyology, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA.
| | - James J Shelley
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, 123 Brown Street, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - W Tyler McCraney
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, 612 Charles E. Young Drive South, Box 957246, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7246, USA
| | - Mark Adams
- Evolutionary Biology Unit, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Michael P Hammer
- Evolutionary Biology Unit, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.,Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, GPO Box 4646, Darwin, NT, 0801, Australia
| | - Peter J Unmack
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, 2617, Australia
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12
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Hart PB, Arnold RJ, Alda F, Kenaley CP, Pietsch TW, Hutchinson D, Chakrabarty P. Evolutionary Relationships Of Anglerfishes (Lophiiformes) Reconstructed Using Ultraconserved Elements. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 171:107459. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Smith WL, Ghedotti MJ, Domínguez-Domínguez O, McMahan CD, Espinoza E, Martin RP, Girard MG, Davis MP. Investigations into the ancestry of the Grape-eye Seabass (Hemilutjanus macrophthalmos) reveal novel limits and relationships for the Acropomatiformes (Teleostei: Percomorpha). NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract For 175 years, an unremarkable bass, the Grape-eye Seabass (Hemilutjanus macrophthalmos), has been known from coastal waters in the Eastern Pacific. To date, its phylogenetic placement and classification have been ignored. A preliminary osteological examination of Hemilutjanus hinted that it may have affinities with the Acropomatiformes. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis using UCE and Sanger sequence data to study the placement of Hemilutjanus and the limits and relationships of the Acropomatiformes. We show that Hemilutjanus is a malakichthyid, and our results corroborate earlier studies that have resolved a polyphyletic Polyprionidae; accordingly, we describe Stereolepididae, new family, for Stereolepis. With these revisions, the Acropomatiformes is now composed of the: Acropomatidae; Banjosidae; Bathyclupeidae; Champsodontidae; Creediidae; Dinolestidae; Epigonidae; Glaucosomatidae; Hemerocoetidae; Howellidae; Lateolabracidae; Malakichthyidae; Ostracoberycidae; Pempheridae; Pentacerotidae; Polyprionidae; Scombropidae; Stereolepididae, new family; Symphysanodontidae; Synagropidae; and Schuettea. Finally, using our new hypothesis, we demonstrate that acropomatiforms repeatedly evolved bioluminescence and transitioned between shallow waters and the deep sea.
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14
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Stervander M, Cresko WA. A highly contiguous nuclear genome assembly of the mandarinfish Synchiropus splendidus (Syngnathiformes: Callionymidae). G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2021; 11:jkab306. [PMID: 34849773 PMCID: PMC8664458 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The fish order Syngnathiformes has been referred to as a collection of misfit fishes, comprising commercially important fish such as red mullets as well as the highly diverse seahorses, pipefishes, and seadragons-the well-known family Syngnathidae, with their unique adaptations including male pregnancy. Another ornate member of this order is the species mandarinfish. No less than two types of chromatophores have been discovered in the spectacularly colored mandarinfish: the cyanophore (producing blue color) and the dichromatic cyano-erythrophore (producing blue and red). The phylogenetic position of mandarinfish in Syngnathiformes, and their promise of additional genetic discoveries beyond the chromatophores, made mandarinfish an appealing target for whole-genome sequencing. We used linked sequences to create synthetic long reads, producing a highly contiguous genome assembly for the mandarinfish. The genome assembly comprises 483 Mbp (longest scaffold 29 Mbp), has an N50 of 12 Mbp, and an L50 of 14 scaffolds. The assembly completeness is also high, with 92.6% complete, 4.4% fragmented, and 2.9% missing out of 4584 BUSCO genes found in ray-finned fishes. Outside the family Syngnathidae, the mandarinfish represents one of the most contiguous syngnathiform genome assemblies to date. The mandarinfish genomic resource will likely serve as a high-quality outgroup to syngnathid fish, and furthermore for research on the genomic underpinnings of the evolution of novel pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Stervander
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-5289, USA
| | - William A Cresko
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-5289, USA
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15
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Qu M, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Wan S, Ravi V, Qin G, Jiang H, Wang X, Zhang H, Zhang B, Gao Z, Huysseune A, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Chen Z, Yu H, Wu Y, Tang L, Li C, Zhong J, Ma L, Wang F, Zheng H, Yin J, Witten PE, Meyer A, Venkatesh B, Lin Q. Seadragon genome analysis provides insights into its phenotype and sex determination locus. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg5196. [PMID: 34407945 PMCID: PMC8373133 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg5196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The iconic phenotype of seadragons includes leaf-like appendages, a toothless tubular mouth, and male pregnancy involving incubation of fertilized eggs on an open "brood patch." We de novo-sequenced male and female genomes of the common seadragon (Phyllopteryx taeniolatus) and its closely related species, the alligator pipefish (Syngnathoides biaculeatus). Transcription profiles from an evolutionary novelty, the leaf-like appendages, show that a set of genes typically involved in fin development have been co-opted as well as an enrichment of transcripts for potential tissue repair and immune defense genes. The zebrafish mutants for scpp5, which is lost in all syngnathids, were found to lack or have deformed pharyngeal teeth, supporting the hypothesis that the loss of scpp5 has contributed to the loss of teeth in syngnathids. A putative sex-determining locus encoding a male-specific amhr2y gene shared by common seadragon and alligator pipefish was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Qu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510301 Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 511458 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yali Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510301 Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 511458 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510301 Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 511458 Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiming Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510301 Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 511458 Guangzhou, China
| | - Vydianathan Ravi
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, 138673 Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Geng Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510301 Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 511458 Guangzhou, China
| | - Han Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510301 Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510301 Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 511458 Guangzhou, China
| | - Huixian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510301 Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 511458 Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510301 Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 511458 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zexia Gao
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Ann Huysseune
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zhixin Zhang
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510301 Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 511458 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zelin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510301 Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 511458 Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- Biomarker Technologies Corporation, 101300 Beijing, China
| | - Yongli Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510301 Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Lu Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510301 Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510301 Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 511458 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510301 Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 511458 Guangzhou, China
| | - Liming Ma
- Biomarker Technologies Corporation, 101300 Beijing, China
| | - Fengling Wang
- Biomarker Technologies Corporation, 101300 Beijing, China
| | - Hongkun Zheng
- Biomarker Technologies Corporation, 101300 Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510301 Guangzhou, China
| | - Paul Eckhard Witten
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Axel Meyer
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Byrappa Venkatesh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, 138673 Biopolis, Singapore.
| | - Qiang Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510301 Guangzhou, China.
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), 511458 Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
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16
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Abstract
Abstract
Few marine taxa have been comprehensively assessed for their conservation status, despite heavy pressures from fishing, habitat degradation and climate change. Here we report on the first global assessment of extinction risk for 300 species of syngnathiform fishes known as of 2017, using the IUCN Red List criteria. This order of bony teleosts is dominated by seahorses, pipefishes and seadragons (family Syngnathidae). It also includes trumpetfishes (Aulostomidae), shrimpfishes (Centriscidae), cornetfishes (Fistulariidae) and ghost pipefishes (Solenostomidae). At least 6% are threatened, but data suggest a mid-point estimate of 7.9% and an upper bound of 38%. Most of the threatened species are seahorses (Hippocampus spp.: 14/42 species, with an additional 17 that are Data Deficient) or freshwater pipefishes of the genus Microphis (2/18 species, with seven additional that are Data Deficient). Two species are Near Threatened. Nearly one-third of syngnathiformes (97 species) are Data Deficient and could potentially be threatened, requiring further field research and evaluation. Most species (61%) were, however, evaluated as Least Concern. Primary threats to syngnathids are (1) overexploitation, primarily by non-selective fisheries, for which most assessments were determined by criterion A (Hippocampus) and/or (2) habitat loss and degradation, for which assessments were determined by criterion B (Microphis and some Hippocampus). Threatened species occurred in most regions but more are found in East and South-east Asia and in South African estuaries. Vital conservation action for syngnathids, including constraining fisheries, particularly non-selective extraction, and habitat protection and rehabilitation, will benefit many other aquatic species.
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17
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Santaquiteria A, Siqueira AC, Duarte-Ribeiro E, Carnevale G, White W, Pogonoski J, Baldwin CC, Ortí G, Arcila D, Betancur RR. Phylogenomics and Historical Biogeography of Seahorses, Dragonets, Goatfishes, and Allies (Teleostei: Syngnatharia): Assessing Factors Driving Uncertainty in Biogeographic Inferences. Syst Biol 2021; 70:1145-1162. [PMID: 33892493 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syab028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The charismatic trumpetfishes, goatfishes, dragonets, flying gurnards, seahorses, and pipefishes encompass a recently defined yet extraordinarily diverse clade of percomorph fishes-the series Syngnatharia. This group is widely distributed in tropical and warm-temperate regions, with a great proportion of its extant diversity occurring in the Indo-Pacific. Because most syngnatharians feature long-range dispersal capabilities, tracing their biogeographic origins is challenging. Here, we applied an integrative phylogenomic approach to elucidate the evolutionary biogeography of syngnatharians. We built upon a recently published phylogenomic study that examined ultraconserved elements by adding 62 species (total 169 species) and one family (Draconettidae), to cover ca. 25% of the species diversity and all 10 families in the group. We inferred a set of time-calibrated trees and conducted ancestral range estimations. We also examined the sensitivity of these analyses to phylogenetic uncertainty (estimated from multiple genomic subsets), area delimitation, and biogeographic models that include or exclude the jump-dispersal parameter (j). Of the three factors examined, we found that the j parameter has the strongest effect in ancestral range estimates, followed by number of areas defined, and tree topology and divergence times. After accounting for these uncertainties, our results reveal that syngnatharians originated in the ancient Tethys Sea ca. 87 Ma (84-94 Ma; Late Cretaceous) and subsequently occupied the Indo-Pacific. Throughout syngnatharian history, multiple independent lineages colonized the eastern Pacific (6-8 times) and the Atlantic (6-14 times) from their center of origin, with most events taking place following an east-to-west route prior to the closure of the Tethys Seaway ca. 12-18 Ma. Ultimately, our study highlights the importance of accounting for different factors generating uncertainty in macroevolutionary and biogeographic inferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aintzane Santaquiteria
- Department of Biology, The University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Alexandre C Siqueira
- Research Hub for Coral Reef Ecosystem Functions, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Emanuell Duarte-Ribeiro
- Department of Biology, The University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Giorgio Carnevale
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Valperga Caluso 35, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - William White
- CSIRO Australian National Fish Collection, National Research Collections of Australia, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - John Pogonoski
- CSIRO Australian National Fish Collection, National Research Collections of Australia, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Carole C Baldwin
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, 10th St. & Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - Guillermo Ortí
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, 10th St. & Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20560, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, 2029 G St. NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Dahiana Arcila
- Department of Biology, The University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019, USA.,Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, 2401 Chautauqua Ave, Norman, OK 73072, USA
| | - Ricardo R Betancur
- Department of Biology, The University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019, USA
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18
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Tea YK, Xu X, DiBattista JD, Lo N, Cowman PF, Ho SYW. Phylogenomic Analysis of Concatenated Ultraconserved Elements Reveals the Recent Evolutionary Radiation of the Fairy Wrasses (Teleostei: Labridae: Cirrhilabrus). Syst Biol 2021; 71:1-12. [PMID: 33620490 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syab012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The fairy wrasses (genus Cirrhilabrus) are among the most successful of the extant wrasse lineages (Teleostei: Labridae), with their 61 species accounting for nearly 10% of the family. Although species complexes within the genus have been diagnosed on the basis of coloration patterns and synapomorphies, attempts to resolve evolutionary relationships among these groups using molecular and morphological data have largely been unsuccessful. Here we use a phylogenomic approach with a data set comprising 991 ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and mitochondrial COI to uncover the evolutionary history and patterns of temporal and spatial diversification of the fairy wrasses. Our analyses of phylogenetic signal suggest that most gene-tree incongruence is caused by estimation error, leading to poor resolution in a summary-coalescent analysis of the data. In contrast, analyses of concatenated sequences are able to resolve the major relationships of Cirrhilabrus. We determine the placements of species that were previously regarded as incertae sedis and find evidence for the nesting of Conniella, an unusual, monotypic genus, within Cirrhilabrus. Our relaxed-clock dating analysis indicates that the major divergences within the genus occurred around the Miocene-Pliocene boundary, followed by extensive cladogenesis of species complexes in the Pliocene-Pleistocene. Biogeographic reconstruction suggests that the fairy wrasses emerged within the Coral Triangle, with episodic fluctuations of sea levels during glacial cycles coinciding with shallow divergence events but providing few opportunities for more widespread dispersal. Our study demonstrates both the resolving power and limitations of UCEs across shallow timescales where there is substantial estimation error in individual gene trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Kai Tea
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, 1 William St, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Joseph D DiBattista
- Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, 1 William St, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Nathan Lo
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Peter F Cowman
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, Museum of Tropical Queensland, Queensland Museum, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia
| | - Simon Y W Ho
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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19
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Li C, Olave M, Hou Y, Qin G, Schneider RF, Gao Z, Tu X, Wang X, Qi F, Nater A, Kautt AF, Wan S, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zhang H, Zhang B, Zhang H, Qu M, Liu S, Chen Z, Zhong J, Zhang H, Meng L, Wang K, Yin J, Huang L, Venkatesh B, Meyer A, Lu X, Lin Q. Genome sequences reveal global dispersal routes and suggest convergent genetic adaptations in seahorse evolution. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1094. [PMID: 33597547 PMCID: PMC7889852 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21379-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Seahorses have a circum-global distribution in tropical to temperate coastal waters. Yet, seahorses show many adaptations for a sedentary, cryptic lifestyle: they require specific habitats, such as seagrass, kelp or coral reefs, lack pelvic and caudal fins, and give birth to directly developed offspring without pronounced pelagic larval stage, rendering long-range dispersal by conventional means inefficient. Here we investigate seahorses' worldwide dispersal and biogeographic patterns based on a de novo genome assembly of Hippocampus erectus as well as 358 re-sequenced genomes from 21 species. Seahorses evolved in the late Oligocene and subsequent circum-global colonization routes are identified and linked to changing dynamics in ocean currents and paleo-temporal seaway openings. Furthermore, the genetic basis of the recurring "bony spines" adaptive phenotype is linked to independent substitutions in a key developmental gene. Analyses thus suggest that rafting via ocean currents compensates for poor dispersal and rapid adaptation facilitates colonizing new habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Li
- grid.458498.c0000 0004 1798 9724CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China ,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China ,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Melisa Olave
- grid.9811.10000 0001 0658 7699Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany ,grid.423606.50000 0001 1945 2152Present Address: Argentine Dryland Research Institute, National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (IADIZA-CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Yali Hou
- grid.464209.d0000 0004 0644 6935Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Geng Qin
- grid.458498.c0000 0004 1798 9724CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China ,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Ralf F. Schneider
- grid.9811.10000 0001 0658 7699Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany ,Marine Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Zexia Gao
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Xin Wang
- grid.458498.c0000 0004 1798 9724CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Furong Qi
- grid.464209.d0000 0004 0644 6935Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Alexander Nater
- grid.9811.10000 0001 0658 7699Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Andreas F. Kautt
- grid.9811.10000 0001 0658 7699Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XPresent Address: Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Shiming Wan
- grid.458498.c0000 0004 1798 9724CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- grid.458498.c0000 0004 1798 9724CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yali Liu
- grid.458498.c0000 0004 1798 9724CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huixian Zhang
- grid.458498.c0000 0004 1798 9724CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- grid.458498.c0000 0004 1798 9724CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- grid.458498.c0000 0004 1798 9724CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Qu
- grid.458498.c0000 0004 1798 9724CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuaishuai Liu
- grid.458498.c0000 0004 1798 9724CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeyu Chen
- grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.419010.d0000 0004 1792 7072State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jia Zhong
- grid.458498.c0000 0004 1798 9724CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - He Zhang
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Kai Wang
- grid.443651.1School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Jianping Yin
- grid.458498.c0000 0004 1798 9724CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangmin Huang
- grid.458498.c0000 0004 1798 9724CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Byrappa Venkatesh
- grid.418812.60000 0004 0620 9243Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Axel Meyer
- grid.9811.10000 0001 0658 7699Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Xuemei Lu
- grid.419010.d0000 0004 1792 7072State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- grid.458498.c0000 0004 1798 9724CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China ,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China ,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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20
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Bossert S, Murray EA, Pauly A, Chernyshov K, Brady SG, Danforth BN. Gene Tree Estimation Error with Ultraconserved Elements: An Empirical Study on Pseudapis Bees. Syst Biol 2020; 70:803-821. [PMID: 33367855 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syaa097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Summarizing individual gene trees to species phylogenies using two-step coalescent methods is now a standard strategy in the field of phylogenomics. However, practical implementations of summary methods suffer from gene tree estimation error, which is caused by various biological and analytical factors. Greatly understudied is the choice of gene tree inference method and downstream effects on species tree estimation for empirical data sets. To better understand the impact of this method choice on gene and species tree accuracy, we compare gene trees estimated through four widely used programs under different model-selection criteria: PhyloBayes, MrBayes, IQ-Tree, and RAxML. We study their performance in the phylogenomic framework of $>$800 ultraconserved elements from the bee subfamily Nomiinae (Halictidae). Our taxon sampling focuses on the genus Pseudapis, a distinct lineage with diverse morphological features, but contentious morphology-based taxonomic classifications and no molecular phylogenetic guidance. We approximate topological accuracy of gene trees by assessing their ability to recover two uncontroversial, monophyletic groups, and compare branch lengths of individual trees using the stemminess metric (the relative length of internal branches). We further examine different strategies of removing uninformative loci and the collapsing of weakly supported nodes into polytomies. We then summarize gene trees with ASTRAL and compare resulting species phylogenies, including comparisons to concatenation-based estimates. Gene trees obtained with the reversible jump model search in MrBayes were most concordant on average and all Bayesian methods yielded gene trees with better stemminess values. The only gene tree estimation approach whose ASTRAL summary trees consistently produced the most likely correct topology, however, was IQ-Tree with automated model designation (ModelFinder program). We discuss these findings and provide practical advice on gene tree estimation for summary methods. Lastly, we establish the first phylogeny-informed classification for Pseudapis s. l. and map the distribution of distinct morphological features of the group. [ASTRAL; Bees; concordance; gene tree estimation error; IQ-Tree; MrBayes, Nomiinae; PhyloBayes; RAxML; phylogenomics; stemminess].
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Affiliation(s)
- Silas Bossert
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Comstock Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.,Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA.,Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Murray
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA.,Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Alain Pauly
- O.D. Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kyrylo Chernyshov
- College of Arts and Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Seán G Brady
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - Bryan N Danforth
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Comstock Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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21
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Hughes LC, Ortí G, Saad H, Li C, White WT, Baldwin CC, Crandall KA, Arcila D, Betancur-R R. Exon probe sets and bioinformatics pipelines for all levels of fish phylogenomics. Mol Ecol Resour 2020; 21:816-833. [PMID: 33084200 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Exon markers have a long history of use in phylogenetics of ray-finned fishes, the most diverse clade of vertebrates with more than 35,000 species. As the number of published genomes increases, it has become easier to test exons and other genetic markers for signals of ancient duplication events and filter out paralogues that can mislead phylogenetic analysis. We present seven new probe sets for current target-capture phylogenomic protocols that capture 1,104 exons explicitly filtered for paralogues using gene trees. These seven probe sets span the diversity of teleost fishes, including four sets that target five hyperdiverse percomorph clades which together comprise ca. 17,000 species (Carangaria, Ovalentaria, Eupercaria, and Syngnatharia + Pelagiaria combined). We additionally included probes to capture legacy nuclear exons and mitochondrial markers that have been commonly used in fish phylogenetics (despite some exons being flagged for paralogues) to facilitate integration of old and new molecular phylogenetic matrices. We tested these probes experimentally for 56 fish species (eight species per probe set) and merged new exon-capture sequence data into an existing data matrix of 1,104 exons and 300 ray-finned fish species. We provide an optimized bioinformatics pipeline to assemble exon capture data from raw reads to alignments for downstream analysis. We show that legacy loci with known paralogues are at risk of assembling duplicated sequences with target-capture, but we also assembled many useful orthologous sequences that can be integrated with many PCR-generated matrices. These probe sets are a valuable resource for advancing fish phylogenomics because targeted exons can easily be extracted from increasingly available whole genome and transcriptome data sets, and also may be integrated with existing PCR-based exon and mitochondrial data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily C Hughes
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.,Computational Biology Institute, Milken Institute of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Guillermo Ortí
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hadeel Saad
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Chenhong Li
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - William T White
- CSIRO Australian National Fish Collection, National Research Collections of Australia, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Carole C Baldwin
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Keith A Crandall
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.,Computational Biology Institute, Milken Institute of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Dahiana Arcila
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA.,Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, Norman, OK, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
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22
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Winter S, Prost S, de Raad J, Coimbra RTF, Wolf M, Nebenführ M, Held A, Kurzawe M, Papapostolou R, Tessien J, Bludau J, Kelch A, Gronefeld S, Schöneberg Y, Zeitz C, Zapf K, Prochotta D, Murphy M, Sheffer MM, Sonnewald M, Nilsson MA, Janke A. Chromosome-level genome assembly of a benthic associated Syngnathiformes species: the common dragonet, Callionymus lyra. GIGABYTE 2020; 2020:gigabyte6. [PMID: 36824592 PMCID: PMC9631949 DOI: 10.46471/gigabyte.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The common dragonet, Callionymus lyra, is one of three Callionymus species inhabiting the North Sea. All three species show strong sexual dimorphism. The males show strong morphological differentiation, e.g., species-specific colouration and size relations, while the females of different species have few distinguishing characters. Callionymus belongs to the 'benthic associated clade' of the order Syngnathiformes. The 'benthic associated clade' so far is not represented by genome data and serves as an important outgroup to understand the morphological transformation in 'long-snouted' syngnatiformes such as seahorses and pipefishes. Findings Here, we present the chromosome-level genome assembly of C. lyra. We applied Oxford Nanopore Technologies' long-read sequencing, short-read DNBseq, and proximity-ligation-based scaffolding to generate a high-quality genome assembly. The resulting assembly has a contig N50 of 2.2 Mbp and a scaffold N50 of 26.7 Mbp. The total assembly length is 568.7 Mbp, of which over 538 Mbp were scaffolded into 19 chromosome-length scaffolds. The identification of 94.5% complete BUSCO genes indicates high assembly completeness. Additionally, we sequenced and assembled a multi-tissue transcriptome with a total length of 255.5 Mbp that was used to aid the annotation of the genome assembly. The annotation resulted in 19,849 annotated transcripts and identified a repeat content of 27.7%. Conclusions The chromosome-level assembly of C. lyra provides a high-quality reference genome for future population genomic, phylogenomic, and phylogeographic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Winter
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Stefan Prost
- LOEWE-Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,South African National Biodiversity Institute, National Zoological Garden, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jordi de Raad
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,LOEWE-Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Raphael T. F. Coimbra
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Magnus Wolf
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marcel Nebenführ
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Annika Held
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Melina Kurzawe
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ramona Papapostolou
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jade Tessien
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Julian Bludau
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Kelch
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sarah Gronefeld
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Yannis Schöneberg
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian Zeitz
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Konstantin Zapf
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - David Prochotta
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maximilian Murphy
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Monica M. Sheffer
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Moritz Sonnewald
- Senckenberg Research Institute, Department of Marine Zoology, Section Ichthyology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maria A. Nilsson
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,LOEWE-Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Axel Janke
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,LOEWE-Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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23
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Portik DM, Wiens JJ. Do Alignment and Trimming Methods Matter for Phylogenomic (UCE) Analyses? Syst Biol 2020; 70:440-462. [PMID: 32797207 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syaa064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alignment is a crucial issue in molecular phylogenetics because different alignment methods can potentially yield very different topologies for individual genes. But it is unclear if the choice of alignment methods remains important in phylogenomic analyses, which incorporate data from hundreds or thousands of genes. For example, problematic biases in alignment might be multiplied across many loci, whereas alignment errors in individual genes might become irrelevant. The issue of alignment trimming (i.e., removing poorly aligned regions or missing data from individual genes) is also poorly explored. Here, we test the impact of 12 different combinations of alignment and trimming methods on phylogenomic analyses. We compare these methods using published phylogenomic data from ultraconserved elements (UCEs) from squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes), birds, and tetrapods. We compare the properties of alignments generated by different alignment and trimming methods (e.g., length, informative sites, missing data). We also test whether these data sets can recover well-established clades when analyzed with concatenated (RAxML) and species-tree methods (ASTRAL-III), using the full data ($\sim $5000 loci) and subsampled data sets (10% and 1% of loci). We show that different alignment and trimming methods can significantly impact various aspects of phylogenomic data sets (e.g., length, informative sites). However, these different methods generally had little impact on the recovery and support values for well-established clades, even across very different numbers of loci. Nevertheless, our results suggest several "best practices" for alignment and trimming. Intriguingly, the choice of phylogenetic methods impacted the phylogenetic results most strongly, with concatenated analyses recovering significantly more well-established clades (with stronger support) than the species-tree analyses. [Alignment; concatenated analysis; phylogenomics; sequence length heterogeneity; species-tree analysis; trimming].
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Portik
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.,California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - John J Wiens
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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24
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Chan KO, Hutter CR, Wood PL, Grismer LL, Brown RM. Larger, unfiltered datasets are more effective at resolving phylogenetic conflict: Introns, exons, and UCEs resolve ambiguities in Golden-backed frogs (Anura: Ranidae; genus Hylarana). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 151:106899. [PMID: 32590046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Using FrogCap, a recently-developed sequence-capture protocol, we obtained >12,000 highly informative exons, introns, and ultraconserved elements (UCEs), which we used to illustrate variation in evolutionary histories of these classes of markers, and to resolve long-standing systematic problems in Southeast Asian Golden-backed frogs of the genus-complex Hylarana. We also performed a comprehensive suite of analyses to assess the relative performance of different genetic markers, data filtering strategies, tree inference methods, and different measures of branch support. To reduce gene tree estimation error, we filtered the data using different thresholds of taxon completeness (missing data) and parsimony informative sites (PIS). We then estimated species trees using concatenated datasets and Maximum Likelihood (IQ-TREE) in addition to summary (ASTRAL-III), distance-based (ASTRID), and site-based (SVDQuartets) multispecies coalescent methods. Topological congruence and branch support were examined using traditional bootstrap, local posterior probabilities, gene concordance factors, quartet frequencies, and quartet scores. Our results did not yield a single concordant topology. Instead, introns, exons, and UCEs clearly possessed different phylogenetic signals, resulting in conflicting, yet strongly-supported phylogenetic estimates. However, a combined analysis comprising the most informative introns, exons, and UCEs converged on a similar topology across all analyses, with the exception of SVDQuartets. Bootstrap values were consistently high despite high levels of incongruence and high proportions of gene trees supporting conflicting topologies. Although low bootstrap values did indicate low heuristic support, high bootstrap support did not necessarily reflect congruence or support for the correct topology. This study reiterates findings of some previous studies, which demonstrated that traditional bootstrap values can produce positively misleading measures of support in large phylogenomic datasets. We also showed a remarkably strong positive relationship between branch length and topological congruence across all datasets, implying that very short internodes remain a challenge to resolve, even with orders of magnitude more data than ever before. Overall, our results demonstrate that more data from unfiltered or combined datasets produced superior results. Although data filtering reduced gene tree incongruence, decreased amounts of data also biased phylogenetic estimation. A point of diminishing returns was evident, at which higher congruence (from more stringent filtering) at the expense of amount of data led to topological error as assessed by comparison to more complete datasets across different genomic markers. Additionally, we showed that applying a parameter-rich model to a partitioned analysis of concatenated data produces better results compared to unpartitioned, or even partitioned analysis using model selection. Despite some lingering uncertainties, a combined analysis of our genomic data and sequences supplemented from GenBank (on the basis of a few gene regions) revealed highly supported novel systematic arrangements. Based on these new findings, we transfer Amnirana nicobariensis into the genus Indosylvirana; and I. milleti and Hylarana celebensis to the genus Papurana. We also provisionally place H. attigua in the genus Papurana pending verification from positively identified (voucher substantiated) samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Onn Chan
- Lee Kong Chian National History Museum, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 2 Conservatory Drive, 117377, Singapore.
| | - Carl R Hutter
- Biodiversity Institute and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; Museum of Natural Sciences and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Perry L Wood
- Museum of Natural Sciences and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; Department of Biological Sciences & Museum of Natural History, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - L Lee Grismer
- Herpetology Laboratory, Department of Biology, La Sierra University, 4500 Riverwalk Parkway, Riverside, CA 92505, USA
| | - Rafe M Brown
- Biodiversity Institute and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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25
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Whittington CM, Friesen CR. The evolution and physiology of male pregnancy in syngnathid fishes. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:1252-1272. [PMID: 32372478 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The seahorses, pipefishes and seadragons (Syngnathidae) are among the few vertebrates in which pregnant males incubate developing embryos. Syngnathids are popular in studies of sexual selection, sex-role reversal, and reproductive trade-offs, and are now emerging as valuable comparative models for the study of the biology and evolution of reproductive complexity. These fish offer the opportunity to examine the physiology, behavioural implications, and evolutionary origins of embryo incubation, independent of the female reproductive tract and female hormonal milieu. Such studies allow us to examine flexibility in regulatory systems, by determining whether the pathways underpinning female pregnancy are also co-opted in incubating males, or whether novel pathways have evolved in response to the common challenges imposed by incubating developing embryos and releasing live young. The Syngnathidae are also ideal for studies of the evolution of reproductive complexity, because they exhibit multiple parallel origins of complex reproductive phenotypes. Here we assay the taxonomic distribution of syngnathid parity mode, examine the selective pressures that may have led to the emergence of male pregnancy, describe the biology of syngnathid reproduction, and highlight pressing areas for future research. Experimental tests of a range of hypotheses, including many generated with genomic tools, are required to inform overarching theories about the fitness implications of pregnancy and the evolution of male pregnancy. Such information will be widely applicable to our understanding of fundamental reproductive and evolutionary processes in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla M Whittington
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Christopher R Friesen
- The University of Wollongong, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
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26
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Bagley JC, Uribe-Convers S, Carlsen MM, Muchhala N. Utility of targeted sequence capture for phylogenomics in rapid, recent angiosperm radiations: Neotropical Burmeistera bellflowers as a case study. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 152:106769. [PMID: 32081762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Targeted sequence capture is a promising approach for large-scale phylogenomics. However, rapid evolutionary radiations pose significant challenges for phylogenetic inference (e.g. incomplete lineages sorting (ILS), phylogenetic noise), and the ability of targeted nuclear loci to resolve species trees despite such issues remains poorly studied. We test the utility of targeted sequence capture for inferring phylogenetic relationships in rapid, recent angiosperm radiations, focusing on Burmeistera bellflowers (Campanulaceae), which diversified into ~130 species over less than 3 million years. We compared phylogenies estimated from supercontig (exons plus flanking sequences), exon-only, and flanking-only datasets with 506-546 loci (~4.7 million bases) for 46 Burmeistera species/lineages and 10 outgroup taxa. Nuclear loci resolved backbone nodes and many congruent internal relationships with high support in concatenation and coalescent-based species tree analyses, and inferences were largely robust to effects of missing taxa and base composition biases. Nevertheless, species trees were incongruent between datasets, and gene trees exhibited remarkably high levels of conflict (~4-60% congruence, ~40-99% conflict) not simply driven by poor gene tree resolution. Higher gene tree heterogeneity at shorter branches suggests an important role of ILS, as expected for rapid radiations. Phylogenetic informativeness analyses also suggest this incongruence has resulted from low resolving power at short internal branches, consistent with ILS, and homoplasy at deeper nodes, with exons exhibiting much greater risk of incorrect topologies due to homoplasy than other datasets. Our findings suggest that targeted sequence capture is feasible for resolving rapid, recent angiosperm radiations, and that results based on supercontig alignments containing nuclear exons and flanking sequences have higher phylogenetic utility and accuracy than either alone. We use our results to make practical recommendations for future target capture-based studies of Burmeistera and other rapid angiosperm radiations, including that such studies should analyze supercontigs to maximize the phylogenetic information content of loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Bagley
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA; Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.
| | - Simon Uribe-Convers
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - Mónica M Carlsen
- Research Department, Science and Conservation Division, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nathan Muchhala
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
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27
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Zhang YH, Ravi V, Qin G, Dai H, Zhang HX, Han FM, Wang X, Liu YH, Yin JP, Huang LM, Venkatesh B, Lin Q. Comparative genomics reveal shared genomic changes in syngnathid fishes and signatures of genetic convergence with placental mammals. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 7:964-977. [PMID: 34692118 PMCID: PMC8289055 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Syngnathids (seahorses, pipefishes and seadragons) exhibit an array of morphological innovations including loss of pelvic fins, a toothless tubular mouth and male pregnancy. They comprise two subfamilies: Syngnathinae and Nerophinae. Genomes of three Syngnathinae members have been analyzed previously. In this study, we have sequenced the genome of a Nerophinae member, the Manado pipefish (Microphis manadensis), which has a semi-enclosed brood pouch. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the molecular evolutionary rate of the four syngnathids is higher than that of other teleosts. The loss of all but one P/Q-rich SCPP gene in the syngnathids suggests a role for the lost genes in dentin and enameloid formation in teleosts. Genome-wide comparison identified a set of 118 genes with parallel identical amino acid substitutions in syngnathids and placental mammals. Association of some of these genes with placental and embryonic development in mammals suggests a role for them in syngnathid pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Vydianathan Ravi
- Comparative and Medical Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR 138673, Singapore
| | - Geng Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - He Dai
- Biomarker Technologies Corporation, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Hui-Xian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Feng-Ming Han
- Biomarker Technologies Corporation, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Xin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yu-Hong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Jian-Ping Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Liang-Min Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Byrappa Venkatesh
- Comparative and Medical Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR 138673, Singapore
| | - Qiang Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Springer MS, Molloy EK, Sloan DB, Simmons MP, Gatesy J. ILS-Aware Analysis of Low-Homoplasy Retroelement Insertions: Inference of Species Trees and Introgression Using Quartets. J Hered 2019; 111:147-168. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esz076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
DNA sequence alignments have provided the majority of data for inferring phylogenetic relationships with both concatenation and coalescent methods. However, DNA sequences are susceptible to extensive homoplasy, especially for deep divergences in the Tree of Life. Retroelement insertions have emerged as a powerful alternative to sequences for deciphering evolutionary relationships because these data are nearly homoplasy-free. In addition, retroelement insertions satisfy the “no intralocus-recombination” assumption of summary coalescent methods because they are singular events and better approximate neutrality relative to DNA loci commonly sampled in phylogenomic studies. Retroelements have traditionally been analyzed with parsimony, distance, and network methods. Here, we analyze retroelement data sets for vertebrate clades (Placentalia, Laurasiatheria, Balaenopteroidea, Palaeognathae) with 2 ILS-aware methods that operate by extracting, weighting, and then assembling unrooted quartets into a species tree. The first approach constructs a species tree from retroelement bipartitions with ASTRAL, and the second method is based on split-decomposition with parsimony. We also develop a Quartet-Asymmetry test to detect hybridization using retroelements. Both ILS-aware methods recovered the same species-tree topology for each data set. The ASTRAL species trees for Laurasiatheria have consecutive short branch lengths in the anomaly zone whereas Palaeognathae is outside of this zone. For the Balaenopteroidea data set, which includes rorquals (Balaenopteridae) and gray whale (Eschrichtiidae), both ILS-aware methods resolved balaeonopterids as paraphyletic. Application of the Quartet-Asymmetry test to this data set detected 19 different quartets of species for which historical introgression may be inferred. Evidence for introgression was not detected in the other data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Springer
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | - Erin K Molloy
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Daniel B Sloan
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Mark P Simmons
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - John Gatesy
- Division of Vertebrate Zoology and Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY
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29
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Jiang J, Yuan H, Zheng X, Wang Q, Kuang T, Li J, Liu J, Song S, Wang W, Cheng F, Li H, Huang J, Li C. Gene markers for exon capture and phylogenomics in ray-finned fishes. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:3973-3983. [PMID: 31015981 PMCID: PMC6468074 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene capture coupled with the next-generation sequencing has become one of the preferred methods of subsampling genomes for phylogenomic studies. Many exon markers have been developed in plants, sharks, frogs, reptiles, fishes, and others, but no universal exon markers have been tested in ray-finned fishes. Here, we identified a suite of "single-copy" protein-coding sequence (CDS) markers through comparing eight fish genomes, and tested them empirically in 83 species (33 families and nine orders or higher clades: Acipenseriformes, Lepisosteiformes, Elopomorpha, Osteoglossomorpha, Clupeiformes, Cypriniformes, Gobiaria, Carangaria, and Eupercaria; sensu Betancur et al. 2013). Sorting the markers according to their completeness and phylogenetic decisiveness in taxa tested resulted in a selection of 4,434 markers, which were proven to be useful in reconstructing phylogenies of the ray-finned fishes at different taxonomic levels. We also proposed a strategy of refining baits (probes) design a posteriori based on empirical data. The markers that we have developed may greatly enrich the batteries of exon markers for phylogenomic study in ray-finned fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Jiang
- Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, ShanghaiNational Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University)ShanghaiChina
| | - Hao Yuan
- Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, ShanghaiNational Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University)ShanghaiChina
| | - Xin Zheng
- Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, ShanghaiNational Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University)ShanghaiChina
| | - Qian Wang
- Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, ShanghaiNational Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University)ShanghaiChina
| | - Ting Kuang
- Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, ShanghaiNational Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University)ShanghaiChina
| | - Jingyan Li
- Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, ShanghaiNational Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University)ShanghaiChina
| | - Junning Liu
- Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, ShanghaiNational Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University)ShanghaiChina
| | - Shuli Song
- Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, ShanghaiNational Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University)ShanghaiChina
| | - Weicai Wang
- Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, ShanghaiNational Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University)ShanghaiChina
| | - Fangyuan Cheng
- Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, ShanghaiNational Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University)ShanghaiChina
| | - Hongjie Li
- Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, ShanghaiNational Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University)ShanghaiChina
| | - Junman Huang
- Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, ShanghaiNational Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University)ShanghaiChina
| | - Chenhong Li
- Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, ShanghaiNational Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University)ShanghaiChina
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30
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Herrando-Moraira S. Exploring data processing strategies in NGS target enrichment to disentangle radiations in the tribe Cardueae (Compositae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 128:69-87. [PMID: 30036700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Target enrichment is a cost-effective sequencing technique that holds promise for elucidating evolutionary relationships in fast-evolving lineages. However, potential biases and impact of bioinformatic sequence treatments in phylogenetic inference have not been thoroughly explored yet. Here, we investigate this issue with an ultimate goal to shed light into a highly diversified group of Compositae (Asteraceae) constituted by four main genera: Arctium, Cousinia, Saussurea, and Jurinea. Specifically, we compared sequence data extraction methods implemented in two easy-to-use workflows, PHYLUCE and HybPiper, and assessed the impact of two filtering practices intended to reduce phylogenetic noise. In addition, we compared two phylogenetic inference methods: (1) the concatenation approach, in which all loci were concatenated in a supermatrix; and (2) the coalescence approach, in which gene trees were produced independently and then used to construct a species tree under coalescence assumptions. Here we confirm the usefulness of the set of 1061 COS targets (a nuclear conserved orthology loci set developed for the Compositae) across a variety of taxonomic levels. Intergeneric relationships were completely resolved: there are two sister groups, Arctium-Cousinia and Saussurea-Jurinea, which are in agreement with a morphological hypothesis. Intrageneric relationships among species of Arctium, Cousinia, and Saussurea are also well defined. Conversely, conflicting species relationships remain for Jurinea. Methodological choices significantly affected phylogenies in terms of topology, branch length, and support. Across all analyses, the phylogeny obtained using HybPiper and the strictest scheme of removing fast-evolving sites was estimated as the optimal. Regarding methodological choices, we conclude that: (1) trees obtained under the coalescence approach are topologically more congruent between them than those inferred using the concatenation approach; (2) refining treatments only improved support values under the concatenation approach; and (3) branch support values are maximized when fast-evolving sites are removed in the concatenation approach, and when a higher number of loci is analyzed in the coalescence approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Herrando-Moraira
- Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-ICUB), Pg. del Migdia, s.n., 08038 Barcelona, Spain.
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31
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Longo SJ, Goodearly T, Wainwright PC. Extremely fast feeding strikes are powered by elastic recoil in a seahorse relative, the snipefish, Macroramphosus scolopax. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:20181078. [PMID: 30051834 PMCID: PMC6053929 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.1078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Among over 30 000 species of ray-finned fishes, seahorses and pipefishes have a unique feeding mechanism whereby the elastic recoil of tendons allows them to rotate their long snouts extremely rapidly in order to capture small elusive prey. To understand the evolutionary origins of this feeding mechanism, its phylogenetic distribution among closely related lineages must be assessed. We present evidence for elastic recoil-powered feeding in snipefish (Macroramphosus scolopax) from kinematics, dynamics and morphology. High-speed videos of strikes show they achieve extremely fast head and hyoid rotational velocities, resulting in rapid prey capture in as short a duration as 2 ms. The maximum instantaneous muscle-mass-specific power requirement for head rotation in snipefish was above the known vertebrate maximum, which is evidence that strikes are not the result of direct muscle power. Finally, we show that the over-centre conformation of the four-bar linkage mechanism coupling head elevation to hyoid rotation in snipefish can function as a torque reversal latch, preventing the head from rotating and providing the opportunity for elastic energy storage. The presence of elastic recoil feeding in snipefish means that this high-performance mechanism is not restricted to the Syngnathidae (seahorses and pipefish) and may have evolved in parallel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Longo
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Tyler Goodearly
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Peter C Wainwright
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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32
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Comprehensive phylogeny of ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) based on transcriptomic and genomic data. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:6249-6254. [PMID: 29760103 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1719358115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of phylogenetic relationships among bony fishes has been transformed by analysis of a small number of genes, but uncertainty remains around critical nodes. Genome-scale inferences so far have sampled a limited number of taxa and genes. Here we leveraged 144 genomes and 159 transcriptomes to investigate fish evolution with an unparalleled scale of data: >0.5 Mb from 1,105 orthologous exon sequences from 303 species, representing 66 out of 72 ray-finned fish orders. We apply phylogenetic tests designed to trace the effect of whole-genome duplication events on gene trees and find paralogy-free loci using a bioinformatics approach. Genome-wide data support the structure of the fish phylogeny, and hypothesis-testing procedures appropriate for phylogenomic datasets using explicit gene genealogy interrogation settle some long-standing uncertainties, such as the branching order at the base of the teleosts and among early euteleosts, and the sister lineage to the acanthomorph and percomorph radiations. Comprehensive fossil calibrations date the origin of all major fish lineages before the end of the Cretaceous.
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33
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Light in the darkness: New perspective on lanternfish relationships and classification using genomic and morphological data. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 121:71-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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34
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Molloy EK, Warnow T. To Include or Not to Include: The Impact of Gene Filtering on Species Tree Estimation Methods. Syst Biol 2017; 67:285-303. [DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syx077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erin K Molloy
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Tandy Warnow
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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35
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Betancur-R R, Wiley EO, Arratia G, Acero A, Bailly N, Miya M, Lecointre G, Ortí G. Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:162. [PMID: 28683774 PMCID: PMC5501477 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fish classifications, as those of most other taxonomic groups, are being transformed drastically as new molecular phylogenies provide support for natural groups that were unanticipated by previous studies. A brief review of the main criteria used by ichthyologists to define their classifications during the last 50 years, however, reveals slow progress towards using an explicit phylogenetic framework. Instead, the trend has been to rely, in varying degrees, on deep-rooted anatomical concepts and authority, often mixing taxa with explicit phylogenetic support with arbitrary groupings. Two leading sources in ichthyology frequently used for fish classifications (JS Nelson's volumes of Fishes of the World and W. Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes) fail to adopt a global phylogenetic framework despite much recent progress made towards the resolution of the fish Tree of Life. The first explicit phylogenetic classification of bony fishes was published in 2013, based on a comprehensive molecular phylogeny ( www.deepfin.org ). We here update the first version of that classification by incorporating the most recent phylogenetic results. RESULTS The updated classification presented here is based on phylogenies inferred using molecular and genomic data for nearly 2000 fishes. A total of 72 orders (and 79 suborders) are recognized in this version, compared with 66 orders in version 1. The phylogeny resolves placement of 410 families, or ~80% of the total of 514 families of bony fishes currently recognized. The ordinal status of 30 percomorph families included in this study, however, remains uncertain (incertae sedis in the series Carangaria, Ovalentaria, or Eupercaria). Comments to support taxonomic decisions and comparisons with conflicting taxonomic groups proposed by others are presented. We also highlight cases were morphological support exist for the groups being classified. CONCLUSIONS This version of the phylogenetic classification of bony fishes is substantially improved, providing resolution for more taxa than previous versions, based on more densely sampled phylogenetic trees. The classification presented in this study represents, unlike any other, the most up-to-date hypothesis of the Tree of Life of fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Betancur-R
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, P.O. Box 23360, San Juan, PR 00931 USA
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC USA
| | - Edward O. Wiley
- Biodiversity Institute and Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS USA
- Sam Houston State Natural History Collections, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas USA
| | - Gloria Arratia
- Biodiversity Institute and Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS USA
| | - Arturo Acero
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Caribe, Cecimar, El Rodadero, Santa Marta, Magdalena Colombia
| | - Nicolas Bailly
- FishBase Information and Research Group, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Masaki Miya
- Department Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Guillaume Lecointre
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Guillermo Ortí
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC USA
- Department of Biology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC USA
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