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Girard MG, Davis MP, Tan HH, Wedd DJ, Chakrabarty P, Ludt WB, Summers AP, Smith WL. Phylogenetics of archerfishes (Toxotidae) and evolution of the toxotid shooting apparatus. Integr Org Biol 2022; 4:obac013. [PMID: 35814192 PMCID: PMC9259087 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Archerfishes (Toxotidae) are variously found in the fresh- and brackish-water environments of Asia Pacific and are well known for their ability to shoot water at terrestrial prey. These shots of water are intended to strike their prey and cause it to fall into the water for capture and consumption. While this behavior is well known, there are competing hypotheses (blowpipe vs. pressure tank hypothesis) of how archerfishes shoot and which oral structures are involved. Current understanding of archerfish shooting structures is largely based on two species, Toxotes chatareus and T. jaculatrix. We do not know if all archerfishes possess the same oral structures to shoot water, if anatomical variation is present within these oral structures, or how these features have evolved. Additionally, there is little information on the evolution of the Toxotidae as a whole, with all previous systematic works focusing on the interrelationships of the family. We first investigate the limits of archerfish species using new and previously published genetic data. Our analyses highlight that the current taxonomy of archerfishes does not conform to the relationships we recover. Toxotes mekongensis and T. siamensis are placed in synonymy of T. chatareus, Toxotes carpentariensis is recognized as a species and removed from synonymy of T. chatareus, and the genus Protoxotes is recognized for T. lorentzi based on the results of our analyses. We then take an integrative approach, using a combined analysis of discrete hard- and soft-tissue morphological characters with genetic data, to construct a phylogeny of the Toxotidae. Using the resulting phylogenetic hypothesis, we then characterize the evolutionary history and anatomical variation within the archerfishes. We discuss the variation in the oral structures and the evolution of the mechanism with respect to the interrelationships of archerfishes, and find that the oral structures of archerfishes support the blowpipe hypothesis but soft-tissue oral structures may also play a role in shooting. Finally, by comparing the morphology of archerfishes to their sister group, we find that the Leptobramidae has relevant shooting features in the oral cavity, suggesting that some components of the archerfish shooting mechanism are examples of co-opted or exapted traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Girard
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, 20560, USA
| | - M P Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN, 56301, USA
| | - H H Tan
- Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, 117377, SGP
| | - D J Wedd
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, 0810, AUS
| | - P Chakrabarty
- Ichthyology Section, Museum of Natural Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - W B Ludt
- Department of Ichthyology, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA
| | - A P Summers
- Department of Biology and SAFS, University of Washington's Friday Harbor Laboratories, Friday Harbor, WA, 98250, USA
| | - W L Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
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Girard MG, Davis MP, Baldwin CC, Dettaï A, Martin RP, Smith WL. Molecular phylogeny of the threadfin fishes (Polynemidae) using ultraconserved elements. J Fish Biol 2022; 100:793-810. [PMID: 35137410 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Threadfins (Teleostei: Polynemidae) are a group of fishes named for their elongated and threadlike pectoral-fin rays. These fishes are commonly found in the world's tropical and subtropical waters, and are an economically important group for people living in these regions, with more than 100,000 t harvested in recent years. However, we do not have a detailed understanding of polynemid evolutionary history such that these fishes can be monitored, managed and conserved as an important tropical food source. Recent studies hypothesize at least one genus of threadfins is polyphyletic, and no studies have focused on generating a hypothesis of relationship for the Polynemidae using DNA sequences. In this study, we analyse a genomic dataset of ultraconserved-element and mitochondrial loci to construct a phylogeny of the Polynemidae. We recover the threadfins as a clade sister to flatfishes, with the most taxonomically rich genus, Polydactylus, being resolved as polyphyletic. When comparing our dataset to data from previous studies, we find that a few recent broad-scale phylogenies of fishes have incorporated mislabelled, misidentified or chimeric terminals into their analyses, impacting the relationships of threadfins they recover. We highlight these problematic sequences, providing revised identifications based on the data sequenced in this study. We then discuss the intrarelationships of threadfins, highlighting morphological or ecological characters that support the clades we recover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Girard
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Matthew P Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, Minnesota, USA
| | - Carole C Baldwin
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Agnès Dettaï
- Département Systématique et Evolution, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, FRA
| | - Rene P Martin
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - W Leo Smith
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
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Smith WL, Ghedotti MJ, Domínguez-Domínguez O, McMahan CD, Espinoza E, Martin RP, Girard MG, Davis MP. Investigations into the ancestry of the Grape-eye Seabass (Hemilutjanus macrophthalmos) reveal novel limits and relationships for the Acropomatiformes (Teleostei: Percomorpha). Neotrop ichthyol 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract For 175 years, an unremarkable bass, the Grape-eye Seabass (Hemilutjanus macrophthalmos), has been known from coastal waters in the Eastern Pacific. To date, its phylogenetic placement and classification have been ignored. A preliminary osteological examination of Hemilutjanus hinted that it may have affinities with the Acropomatiformes. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis using UCE and Sanger sequence data to study the placement of Hemilutjanus and the limits and relationships of the Acropomatiformes. We show that Hemilutjanus is a malakichthyid, and our results corroborate earlier studies that have resolved a polyphyletic Polyprionidae; accordingly, we describe Stereolepididae, new family, for Stereolepis. With these revisions, the Acropomatiformes is now composed of the: Acropomatidae; Banjosidae; Bathyclupeidae; Champsodontidae; Creediidae; Dinolestidae; Epigonidae; Glaucosomatidae; Hemerocoetidae; Howellidae; Lateolabracidae; Malakichthyidae; Ostracoberycidae; Pempheridae; Pentacerotidae; Polyprionidae; Scombropidae; Stereolepididae, new family; Symphysanodontidae; Synagropidae; and Schuettea. Finally, using our new hypothesis, we demonstrate that acropomatiforms repeatedly evolved bioluminescence and transitioned between shallow waters and the deep sea.
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Ghedotti MJ, DeKay HM, Maile AJ, Smith WL, Davis MP. Anatomy and evolution of bioluminescent organs in the slimeheads (Teleostei: Trachichthyidae). J Morphol 2021; 282:820-832. [PMID: 33733466 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial bioluminescent organs in fishes have a diverse range of tissues of origin, patterns of compartmentalization, and associated light-conducting structures. The morphology of the perianal, bacterial bioluminescent organ of Aulotrachichthys prosthemius was described previously, but the light organ in other species of slimeheads, family Trachichthyidae, is poorly known. Here, we describe the anatomy of the bioluminescent organs in trachichthyids and places the evolution of this light-producing system in the context of a new phylogeny of the Trachichthyoidei to test the hypothesis that bioluminescence evolved twice in the suborder and that the light-producing component derives from the perianal ectoderm. We use gross and histological examination to provide the first description of the bioluminescent organ of Paratrachichthys and four additional species of Aulotrachichthys. Observations also strongly suggest the presence of a perianal bioluminescent organ in Sorosichthys ananasa. The updated phylogeny of the Trachichthyoidei is the first to combine morphological and DNA-sequence (11-gene fragments) evidence, and supports a monophyletic Trachichthyidae with component subfamilies Hoplostethinae and Trachichthyinae, supporting continued recognition of the family Anoplogastridae. All bioluminescent trachichthyoids share a similar bioluminescent-organ structure with elongate chambers filled with bacteria and connected to collecting ducts that, in turn, connect to superficial ducts that lead to and have lining epithelia continuous with the epidermis. In the context of the phylogeny, the bioluminescent organ of trachichthyids is inferred to have evolved as an elaboration of the proctodeum in the ancestor of Aulotrachichthys, Paratrachichthys, and Sorosichthys independently from the structurally similar cephalic bioluminescent organs in Anomalopidae and Monocentridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Ghedotti
- Department of Biology, Regis University, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hannah M DeKay
- Department of Biology, Regis University, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Alex J Maile
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, Minnesota, USA
| | - W Leo Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Matthew P Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, Minnesota, USA
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Maile AJ, May ZA, DeArmon ES, Martin RP, Davis MP. Marine Habitat Transitions and Body-Shape Evolution in Lizardfishes and Their Allies (Aulopiformes). COPEIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1643/cg-19-300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex J. Maile
- Department of Biological Sciences, 720 Fourth Avenue South, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, Minnesota 56301; (AJM) . Send reprint requests to AJM
| | - Zachary A. May
- Department of Biological Sciences, 720 Fourth Avenue South, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, Minnesota 56301; (AJM) . Send reprint requests to AJM
| | - Emily S. DeArmon
- Department of Biological Sciences, 720 Fourth Avenue South, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, Minnesota 56301; (AJM) . Send reprint requests to AJM
| | - Rene P. Martin
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Matthew P. Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences, 720 Fourth Avenue South, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, Minnesota 56301; (AJM) . Send reprint requests to AJM
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. Girard
- Biodiversity Institute, 1345 Jayhawk Boulevard, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045; (MGG) . Send reprint requests to MGG
| | - Matthew P. Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, Minnesota 56301
| | - W. Leo Smith
- Biodiversity Institute, 1345 Jayhawk Boulevard, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045; (MGG) . Send reprint requests to MGG
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Martin RP, Davis MP. The evolution of specialized dentition in the deep-sea lanternfishes (Myctophiformes). J Morphol 2020; 281:536-555. [PMID: 32239773 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of heterodonty, the possession of varied tooth morphologies on the jaws of animals, has been relatively unexplored in ray-finned fishes compared to terrestrial vertebrates, and to an even lesser degree in deep-sea fish lineages. Lanternfishes (Myctophiformes) are an abundant and species-rich group endemic to deep-sea pelagic habitats. In this study, we document the presence of heterodonty on the oral jaws of lanternfishes, identifying differing anatomical and positional variations of dentition. We survey the anatomical variation in tooth morphology on the oral jaws of 114 lanternfish species across 37 genera and integrate our findings with a hypothesis of evolutionary relationships of lanternfishes to infer the number of times heterodonty evolved in this lineage. Our results indicate that heterodonty evolved at least six separate times on the oral jaws of lanternfishes, occurring as variable tooth morphologies in combination with villiform teeth. These combinations of tooth types include villiform plus hooked teeth, villiform plus hooked and recurved teeth, villiform plus spade, tricuspid, and hooked teeth, and villiform plus caniniform teeth. The reoccurring evolution of hooked teeth on the premaxilla and dentary in lanternfishes suggests heterodonty may serve an important functional role in their pelagic deep-sea environment. Hooked teeth could aid in securing and retaining prey in the oral cavity and allow for species to specialize on differing food resources, vital attributes for organisms living in open-ocean habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene P Martin
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Matthew P Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, Minnesota, USA
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Abstract
Biofluorescence is the absorption of electromagnetic radiation (light) at one wavelength followed by its reemission at a lower energy and longer wavelength by a living organism. Previous studies have documented the widespread presence of biofluorescence in some animals, including cnidarians, arthropods, and cartilaginous and ray-finned fishes. Many studies on biofluorescence have focused on marine animals (cnidarians, cartilaginous and ray-finned fishes) but we know comparatively little about the presence of biofluorescence in tetrapods. We show for the first time that biofluorescence is widespread across Amphibia, with a focus on salamanders (Caudata), which are a diverse group with a primarily Holarctic distribution. We find that biofluorescence is not restricted to any particular family of salamanders, there is striking variation in their fluorescent patterning, and the primary wavelengths emitted in response to blue excitation light are within the spectrum of green light. Widespread biofluorescence across the amphibian radiation is a previously undocumented phenomenon that could have significant ramifications for the ecology and evolution of these diverse and declining vertebrates. Our results provide a roadmap for future studies on the characterization of molecular mechanisms of biofluorescence in amphibians, as well as directions for investigations into the potential impact of biofluorescence on the visual ecology and behavior of biofluorescent amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Y Lamb
- St. Cloud State University, Department of Biology, St. Cloud, Minnesota, 56301, USA.
| | - Matthew P Davis
- St. Cloud State University, Department of Biology, St. Cloud, Minnesota, 56301, USA.
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Ghedotti MJ, Smith WL, Davis MP. The first evidence of intrinsic epidermal bioluminescence within ray-finned fishes in the linebelly swallower Pseudoscopelus sagamianus (Chiasmodontidae). J Fish Biol 2019; 95:1540-1543. [PMID: 31644819 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
External and histological examination of the photophores of the linebelly swallower Pseudoscopelus sagamianus reveal three epidermal layers of cells that form the light-producing and light-transmitting components of the photophores. Photophores among the examined photophore tracts are not significantly different in structure but the presence of mucous cells in the superficial layers of the photophore suggest continued function of the epidermal photophore in contributing to the mucous coat. This is the first evidence of intrinsic bioluminescence in primarily epidermal photophores reported in ray-finned fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Ghedotti
- Department of Biology, Regis University, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - W Leo Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Matthew P Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, Minnesota, USA
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Martin EA, Davis MP, Moorman TB, Isenhart TM, Soupir ML. Impact of hydraulic residence time on nitrate removal in pilot-scale woodchip bioreactors. J Environ Manage 2019; 237:424-432. [PMID: 30822646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3-N) export from row crop agricultural systems with subsurface tile drainage continues to be a major water quality concern. Woodchip bioreactors are an effective edge-of-field practice designed to remove NO3-N from tile drainage. The NO3-N removal rate of woodchip bioreactors can be impacted by several factors, including hydraulic residence time (HRT). This study examined the impact of three HRTs, 2 h, 8 h, and 16 h, on NO3-N removal in a set of nine pilot-scale woodchip bioreactors in Central Iowa. NO3-N concentration reduction from the inlet to the outlet was significantly different for all HRTs (p < 0.05). The 16 h HRT removed the most NO3-N by concentration (7.5 mg L-1) and had the highest removal efficiency at 53.8%. The 8 h HRT removed an average of 5.5 mg L-1 NO3-N with a removal efficiency of 32.1%. The 2 h HRT removed an average of 1.3 mg L-1 NO3-N with a removal efficiency of 9.0%. The 2 h HRT had the highest NO3-N mass removal rate (MRR) at 9.0 g m-3 day-1, followed by the 8 h HRT at 8.5 g m-3 day-1, and the 16 h HRT at 7.4 g m-3 day-1, all of which were statistically different (p < 0.05). Significant explanatory variables for removal efficiency were HRT (p < 0.001) and influent NO3-N concentration (p < 0.001), (R2 = 0.80), with HRT accounting for 93% contribution. When paired with results from a companion study, the ideal HRT for the bioreactors was 8 h to achieve maximum NO3-N removal while reducing the impact from greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Martin
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - M P Davis
- Iowa State University, Dept. of Agronomy, 2104 Agronomy Hall, Ames, IA 5001, USA.
| | - T B Moorman
- USDA-ARS National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, 2110 University Boulevard, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - T M Isenhart
- Iowa State University, Dept. of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, 334 Science II, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - M L Soupir
- Iowa State University, Water Quality Research Lab, Dept. of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, 3358 Elings Hall, USA.
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11
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Ghedotti MJ, Gruber JN, Barton RW, Davis MP, Smith WL. Morphology and evolution of bioluminescent organs in the glowbellies (Percomorpha: Acropomatidae) with comments on the taxonomy and phylogeny of Acropomatiformes. J Morphol 2018; 279:1640-1653. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ryan W. Barton
- Department of Biology; Regis University; Denver Colorado
| | - Matthew P. Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences; St. Cloud State University; St. Cloud Minnesota
| | - W. Leo Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity Institute; University of Kansas; Lawrence Kansas
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12
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Smith WL, Buck CA, Ornay GS, Davis MP, Martin RP, Gibson SZ, Girard MG. Improving Vertebrate Skeleton Images: Fluorescence and the Non-Permanent Mounting of Cleared-and-Stained Specimens. COPEIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1643/cg-18-047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Vitsios DM, Kentepozidou E, Quintais L, Benito-Gutiérrez E, van Dongen S, Davis MP, Enright AJ. Mirnovo: genome-free prediction of microRNAs from small RNA sequencing data and single-cells using decision forests. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:e177. [PMID: 29036314 PMCID: PMC5716205 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) remains an important problem, particularly given the growth of high-throughput sequencing, cell sorting and single cell biology. While a large number of miRNAs have already been annotated, there may well be large numbers of miRNAs that are expressed in very particular cell types and remain elusive. Sequencing allows us to quickly and accurately identify the expression of known miRNAs from small RNA-Seq data. The biogenesis of miRNAs leads to very specific characteristics observed in their sequences. In brief, miRNAs usually have a well-defined 5′ end and a more flexible 3′ end with the possibility of 3′ tailing events, such as uridylation. Previous approaches to the prediction of novel miRNAs usually involve the analysis of structural features of miRNA precursor hairpin sequences obtained from genome sequence. We surmised that it may be possible to identify miRNAs by using these biogenesis features observed directly from sequenced reads, solely or in addition to structural analysis from genome data. To this end, we have developed mirnovo, a machine learning based algorithm, which is able to identify known and novel miRNAs in animals and plants directly from small RNA-Seq data, with or without a reference genome. This method performs comparably to existing tools, however is simpler to use with reduced run time. Its performance and accuracy has been tested on multiple datasets, including species with poorly assembled genomes, RNaseIII (Drosha and/or Dicer) deficient samples and single cells (at both embryonic and adult stage).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios M Vitsios
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Elissavet Kentepozidou
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Leonor Quintais
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Elia Benito-Gutiérrez
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Stijn van Dongen
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Matthew P Davis
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Anton J Enright
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
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14
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White RJ, Collins JE, Sealy IM, Wali N, Dooley CM, Digby Z, Stemple DL, Murphy DN, Billis K, Hourlier T, Füllgrabe A, Davis MP, Enright AJ, Busch-Nentwich EM. A high-resolution mRNA expression time course of embryonic development in zebrafish. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 29144233 PMCID: PMC5690287 DOI: 10.7554/elife.30860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have produced an mRNA expression time course of zebrafish development across 18 time points from 1 cell to 5 days post-fertilisation sampling individual and pools of embryos. Using poly(A) pulldown stranded RNA-seq and a 3′ end transcript counting method we characterise temporal expression profiles of 23,642 genes. We identify temporal and functional transcript co-variance that associates 5024 unnamed genes with distinct developmental time points. Specifically, a class of over 100 previously uncharacterised zinc finger domain containing genes, located on the long arm of chromosome 4, is expressed in a sharp peak during zygotic genome activation. In addition, the data reveal new genes and transcripts, differential use of exons and previously unidentified 3′ ends across development, new primary microRNAs and temporal divergence of gene paralogues generated in the teleost genome duplication. To make this dataset a useful baseline reference, the data can be browsed and downloaded at Expression Atlas and Ensembl.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John E Collins
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Sealy
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Neha Wali
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Zsofia Digby
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Daniel N Murphy
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantinos Billis
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Thibaut Hourlier
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Anja Füllgrabe
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew P Davis
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Anton J Enright
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabeth M Busch-Nentwich
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Vitsios DM, Davis MP, van Dongen S, Enright AJ. Large-scale analysis of microRNA expression, epi-transcriptomic features and biogenesis. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:1079-1090. [PMID: 28180281 PMCID: PMC5388392 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are important genetic regulators in both animals and plants. They have a range of functions spanning development, differentiation, growth, metabolism and disease. The advent of next-generation sequencing technologies has made it a relatively straightforward task to detect these molecules and their relative expression via sequencing. There are a large number of published studies with deposited datasets. However, there are currently few resources that capitalize on these data to better understand the features, distribution and biogenesis of miRNAs. Herein, we focus on Human and Mouse for which the majority of data are available. We reanalyse sequencing data from 461 samples into a coordinated catalog of microRNA expression. We use this to perform large-scale analyses of miRNA function and biogenesis. These analyses include global expression comparison, co-expression of miRNA clusters and the prediction of miRNA strand-specificity and underlying constraints. Additionally, we report for the first time a global analysis of miRNA epi-transcriptomic modifications and assess their prevalence across tissues, samples and families. Finally, we report a list of potentially mis-annotated miRNAs in miRBase based on their aggregated modification profiles. The results have been collated into a comprehensive online repository of miRNA expression and features such as modifications and RNA editing events, which is available at: http://wwwdev.ebi.ac.uk/enright-dev/miratlas. We believe these findings will further contribute to our understanding of miRNA function in animals and benefit the miRNA community in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios M Vitsios
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew P Davis
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stijn van Dongen
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anton J Enright
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
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16
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Davis MP, Brooks MA, Kerley MS. Relationship between residual feed intake and lymphocyte mitochondrial complex protein concentration and ratio in crossbred steers. J Anim Sci 2017; 94:1587-91. [PMID: 27136017 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rate of oxygen uptake by muscle mitochondria and respiratory chain protein concentrations differed between high- and low-residual feed intake (RFI) animals. The hypothesis of this research was that complex I (CI), II (CII), and III (CIII) mitochondria protein concentrations in lymphocyte (blood) mitochondria were related to the RFI phenotype of beef steers. Daily feed intake (ADFI) was individually recorded for 92 Hereford-crossbreed steers over 63 d using GrowSafe individual feed intake system. Predicted ADFI was calculated as the regression of ADFI on ADG and midtest BW. Difference between ADFI and predicted ADFI was RFI. Lymphocytes were isolated from low-RFI (-1.32 ± 0.11 kg/d; = 10) and high-RFI (1.34 ± 0.18 kg/d; = 8) steers. Immunocapture of CI, CII, and CIII proteins from the lymphocyte was done using MitoProfile CI, CII, and CIII immunocapture kits (MitoSciences Inc., Eugene, OR). Protein concentrations of CI, CII, and CIII and total protein were quantified using bicinchoninic acid colorimetric procedures. Low-RFI steers consumed 30% less ( = 0.0004) feed and had a 40% improvement ( < 0.0001) in feed efficiency compared with high-RFI steers with similar growth ( = 0.78) and weight measurements ( > 0.65). High- and low-RFI steers did not differ in CI ( = 0.22), CII ( = 0.69), and CIII ( = 0.59) protein concentrations. The protein concentration ratios for CI to CII ( = 0.03) were 20% higher and the ratios of CI to CIII ( = 0.01) were 30% higher, but the ratios of CII to CIII ( = 0.89) did not differ when comparing low-RFI steers with high-RFI steers. The similar magnitude difference in feed intake, feed efficiency measurements, and CI-to-CIII ratio between RFI phenotypes provides a plausible explanation for differences between the phenotypes. We also concluded that mitochondria isolated from lymphocytes could be used to study respiratory chain differences among differing RFI phenotypes. Further research is needed to determine if lymphocyte mitochondrial complex proteins can be used for identification of RFI phenotype.
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17
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Davis MP, Carrieri C, Saini HK, van Dongen S, Leonardi T, Bussotti G, Monahan JM, Auchynnikava T, Bitetti A, Rappsilber J, Allshire RC, Shkumatava A, O'Carroll D, Enright AJ. Transposon-driven transcription is a conserved feature of vertebrate spermatogenesis and transcript evolution. EMBO Rep 2017; 18:1231-1247. [PMID: 28500258 PMCID: PMC5494522 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201744059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is associated with major and unique changes to chromosomes and chromatin. Here, we sought to understand the impact of these changes on spermatogenic transcriptomes. We show that long terminal repeats (LTRs) of specific mouse endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) drive the expression of many long non‐coding transcripts (lncRNA). This process occurs post‐mitotically predominantly in spermatocytes and round spermatids. We demonstrate that this transposon‐driven lncRNA expression is a conserved feature of vertebrate spermatogenesis. We propose that transposon promoters are a mechanism by which the genome can explore novel transcriptional substrates, increasing evolutionary plasticity and allowing for the genesis of novel coding and non‐coding genes. Accordingly, we show that a small fraction of these novel ERV‐driven transcripts encode short open reading frames that produce detectable peptides. Finally, we find that distinct ERV elements from the same subfamilies act as differentially activated promoters in a tissue‐specific context. In summary, we demonstrate that LTRs can act as tissue‐specific promoters and contribute to post‐mitotic spermatogenic transcriptome diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Davis
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK
| | - Claudia Carrieri
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Mouse Biology Outstation, Monterotondo, Italy.,MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Harpreet K Saini
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK
| | - Stijn van Dongen
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK
| | - Tommaso Leonardi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK
| | - Giovanni Bussotti
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK.,Institut Pasteur - Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, C3BI, USR 3756 IP CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Jack M Monahan
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK
| | - Tania Auchynnikava
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Angelo Bitetti
- Institut Curie - CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Paris, France
| | - Juri Rappsilber
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robin C Allshire
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Dónal O'Carroll
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Mouse Biology Outstation, Monterotondo, Italy .,MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anton J Enright
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, UK
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18
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Ghedotti MJ, Davis MP. The taxonomic placement of three fossil <i>Fundulus</i> species and the timing of divergence within the North American topminnows (Teleostei: Fundulidae). Zootaxa 2017; 4250:577-586. [PMID: 28609996 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4250.6.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The fossils species †Fundulus detillae, †F. lariversi, and †F. nevadensis from localities in the western United States are represented by well-preserved material with date estimations. We combined morphological data for these fossil taxa with morphological and DNA-sequence data to conduct a phylogenetic analysis and a tip-based divergence-time estimation for the family Fundulidae. The resultant phylogeny is largely concordant with the prior total-evidence phylogeny. The fossil species do not form a monophyletic group, and do not represent a discrete western radiation of Fundulus as previously proposed. The genus Fundulus diverged into subgeneric clades likely in the Eocene or Oligocene (mean age 34.6 mya, 53-23 mya), and all subgeneric and most species-group clades had evolved by the middle Miocene. †Fundulus lariversi is a member of subgenus Fundulus in which all extant species are found only in eastern North America, demonstrating that fundulids had a complicated biogeographic history. We confirmed †Fundulus detillae as a member of the subgenus Plancterus. †F. nevadensis is not classified in a subgenus but likely is related to the subgenera Plancterus and Wileyichthys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Ghedotti
- Regis University, Department of Biology, 3333 Regis Boulevard, Denver, Colorado 80221, USA..
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21
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Abstract
Bioluminescence is primarily a marine phenomenon with 80% of metazoan bioluminescent genera occurring in the world's oceans. Here we show that bioluminescence has evolved repeatedly and is phylogenetically widespread across ray-finned fishes. We recover 27 independent evolutionary events of bioluminescence, all among marine fish lineages. This finding indicates that bioluminescence has evolved many more times than previously hypothesized across fishes and the tree of life. Our exploration of the macroevolutionary patterns of bioluminescent lineages indicates that the present day diversity of some inshore and deep-sea bioluminescent fish lineages that use bioluminescence for communication, feeding, and reproduction exhibit exceptional species richness given clade age. We show that exceptional species richness occurs particularly in deep-sea fishes with intrinsic bioluminescent systems and both shallow water and deep-sea lineages with luminescent systems used for communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P. Davis
- St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN 56301, United States of America
| | - John S. Sparks
- American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, United States of America
| | - W. Leo Smith
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States of America
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22
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Gruber DF, Loew ER, Deheyn DD, Akkaynak D, Gaffney JP, Smith WL, Davis MP, Stern JH, Pieribone VA, Sparks JS. Biofluorescence in Catsharks (Scyliorhinidae): Fundamental Description and Relevance for Elasmobranch Visual Ecology. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24751. [PMID: 27109385 PMCID: PMC4843165 DOI: 10.1038/srep24751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofluorescence has recently been found to be widespread in marine fishes, including sharks. Catsharks, such as the Swell Shark (Cephaloscyllium ventriosum) from the eastern Pacific and the Chain Catshark (Scyliorhinus retifer) from the western Atlantic, are known to exhibit bright green fluorescence. We examined the spectral sensitivity and visual characteristics of these reclusive sharks, while also considering the fluorescent properties of their skin. Spectral absorbance of the photoreceptor cells in these sharks revealed the presence of a single visual pigment in each species. Cephaloscyllium ventriosum exhibited a maximum absorbance of 484 ± 3 nm and an absorbance range at half maximum (λ1/2max) of 440-540 nm, whereas for S. retifer maximum absorbance was 488 ± 3 nm with the same absorbance range. Using the photoreceptor properties derived here, a "shark eye" camera was designed and developed that yielded contrast information on areas where fluorescence is anatomically distributed on the shark, as seen from other sharks' eyes of these two species. Phylogenetic investigations indicate that biofluorescence has evolved at least three times in cartilaginous fishes. The repeated evolution of biofluorescence in elasmobranchs, coupled with a visual adaptation to detect it; and evidence that biofluorescence creates greater luminosity contrast with the surrounding background, highlights the potential importance of biofluorescence in elasmobranch behavior and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F. Gruber
- Baruch College, City University of New York, Department of Natural Sciences, New York, NY 10010, USA
- City University of New York, The Graduate Center, Program in Biology, New York, NY 10016, USA
- American Museum of Natural History, Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, New York, NY 10024, USA
| | - Ellis R. Loew
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Dimitri D. Deheyn
- University of California, San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Derya Akkaynak
- University of Haifa, Charney School of Marine Sciences, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
- Interuniversity Institute of Marine Sciences, Eilat, 88103, Israel
| | - Jean P. Gaffney
- Baruch College, City University of New York, Department of Natural Sciences, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - W. Leo Smith
- University of Kansas, Biodiversity Institute and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Lawrence, KS 66049, USA
| | - Matthew P. Davis
- St. Cloud State University, Department of Biological Sciences, St. Cloud, MN 56301, USA
| | - Jennifer H. Stern
- University of Kansas, Biodiversity Institute and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Lawrence, KS 66049, USA
| | - Vincent A. Pieribone
- The John B. Pierce Laboratory, Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - John S. Sparks
- American Museum of Natural History, Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, New York, NY 10024, USA
- American Museum of Natural History, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, Department of Ichthyology, New York, NY 10024, USA
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Davis MP. Evolutionary Relationships of the Deep-Sea Pearleyes (Aulopiformes: Scopelarchidae) and a New Genus of Pearleye from Antarctic Waters. COPEIA 2015. [DOI: 10.1643/ci-14-139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ghedotti MJ, Barton RW, Simons AM, Davis MP. The first report of luminescent liver tissue in fishes: Evolution and structure of bioluminescent organs in the deep-sea naked barracudinas (Aulopiformes: Lestidiidae). J Morphol 2014; 276:310-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan W. Barton
- Department of Biology; Regis University; Denver Colorado 80221
| | - Andrew M. Simons
- Department of Fisheries; Wildlife, and Conservation Biology and Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota; St. Paul Minnesota
| | - Matthew P. Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences; St. Cloud State University; St. Cloud Minnesota
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25
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Cossetti C, Iraci N, Mercer TR, Leonardi T, Alpi E, Drago D, Alfaro-Cervello C, Saini HK, Davis MP, Schaeffer J, Vega B, Stefanini M, Zhao C, Muller W, Garcia-Verdugo JM, Mathivanan S, Bachi A, Enright AJ, Mattick JS, Pluchino S. Extracellular vesicles from neural stem cells transfer IFN-γ via Ifngr1 to activate Stat1 signaling in target cells. Mol Cell 2014; 56:193-204. [PMID: 25242146 PMCID: PMC4578249 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The idea that stem cell therapies work only via cell replacement is challenged by the observation of consistent intercellular molecule exchange between the graft and the host. Here we defined a mechanism of cellular signaling by which neural stem/precursor cells (NPCs) communicate with the microenvironment via extracellular vesicles (EVs), and we elucidated its molecular signature and function. We observed cytokine-regulated pathways that sort proteins and mRNAs into EVs. We described induction of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) pathway in NPCs exposed to proinflammatory cytokines that is mirrored in EVs. We showed that IFN-γ bound to EVs through Ifngr1 activates Stat1 in target cells. Finally, we demonstrated that endogenous Stat1 and Ifngr1 in target cells are indispensable to sustain the activation of Stat1 signaling by EV-associated IFN-γ/Ifngr1 complexes. Our study identifies a mechanism of cellular signaling regulated by EV-associated IFN-γ/Ifngr1 complexes, which grafted stem cells may use to communicate with the host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cossetti
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, CB2 0PY Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nunzio Iraci
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, CB2 0PY Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim R Mercer
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Tommaso Leonardi
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, CB2 0PY Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK; The EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Emanuele Alpi
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Denise Drago
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Clara Alfaro-Cervello
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, CB2 0PY Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Harpreet K Saini
- The EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Matthew P Davis
- The EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Julia Schaeffer
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, CB2 0PY Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Beatriz Vega
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, CB2 0PY Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matilde Stefanini
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, CB2 0PY Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - CongJian Zhao
- Southwest Hospital, Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Werner Muller
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jose Manuel Garcia-Verdugo
- Departamento de Neurobiología Comparada, Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Suresh Mathivanan
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Angela Bachi
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Anton J Enright
- The EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | | | - Stefano Pluchino
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, CB2 0PY Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK.
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Cooper-Prado MJ, Long NM, Davis MP, Wright EC, Madden RD, Dilwith JW, Bailey CL, Spicer LJ, Wettemann RP. Maintenance energy requirements of beef cows and relationship with cow and calf performance, metabolic hormones, and functional proteins. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:3300-15. [PMID: 24902599 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-7155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestating Angus, nonlactating, spring-calving cows were used to determine variation in maintenance energy requirements (MR); to evaluate the relationship among MR and cow and calf performance, plasma concentrations of IGF-I, T4, glucose, insulin, and ruminal temperature; and to describe the LM proteome and evaluate protein abundance in cows with different MR. Cows (4 to 7 yr of age) with a BCS of 5.0 ± 0.2 and BW of 582 ± 37 kg in the second to third trimester of gestation were studied in 3 trials (trial 1, n = 23; trial 2, n = 32; trial 3, n = 38). Cows were individually fed a complete diet in amounts to meet predicted MR (Level 1 Model of NRC), and feed intake was adjusted weekly until constant BW was achieved for at least 21 d (maintenance). Cows were classified on the basis of MR as low (>0.5 SD less than mean, LMR), moderate (±0.5 SD of mean, MMR), or high (>0.5 SD more than mean, HMR) MR. Blood samples were taken at maintenance and at 2 mo postpartum in trial 2. Muscle biopsies were taken from LMR and HMR after cows consumed actual MR for 28 d (trial 2) or 21 d (trial 3). Proteins from LM were separated by 2-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis and were identified, and abundance was quantified and compared. The greatest differences in MR between cows were 29%, 24%, and 25% in trials 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Daily MR (NEm, kcal·BW(-0.75)·d(-1)) averaged 89.2 ± 6.3, 93.0 ± 4.9, and 90.4 ± 4.6 in trials 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Postpartum BW and BCS, calf birth and weaning weights, postpartum luteal activity, and ruminal temperature were not influenced by MR of the cows. Concentrations of IGF-I were greater (P = 0.001) in plasma of MMR compared with LMR cows consuming predicted MR diets, and MR was negatively correlated with concentrations of IGF-I in plasma (r = -0.38; P = 0.05) at 2 mo postpartum. A total of 103 proteins were isolated from LM; 52 gene products were identified. Abundance of specific proteins in the LM was not influenced (P > 0.11) by MR. Variation in MR of cows will make it possible to improve feed efficiency by selection. Identification of biomarkers for MR will allow selection of more efficient cows, which consume less feed and produce calves with similar weaning weights. Productive cows that require less feed for maintenance will improve efficiency of production and enhance sustainability of the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Cooper-Prado
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station
| | - N M Long
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station
| | - M P Davis
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station
| | - E C Wright
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station
| | - R D Madden
- Department of Entomology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078-0425
| | - J W Dilwith
- Department of Entomology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078-0425
| | - C L Bailey
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station
| | - L J Spicer
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station
| | - R P Wettemann
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station
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Davis MP, Holcroft NI, Wiley EO, Sparks JS, Leo Smith W. Species-specific bioluminescence facilitates speciation in the deep sea. Mar Biol 2014; 161:1139-1148. [PMID: 24771948 PMCID: PMC3996283 DOI: 10.1007/s00227-014-2406-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The vast darkness of the deep sea is an environment with few obvious genetic isolating barriers, and little is known regarding the macroevolutionary processes that have shaped present-day biodiversity in this habitat. Bioluminescence, the production and emission of light from a living organism through a chemical reaction, is thought to occur in approximately 80 % of the eukaryotic life that inhabits the deep sea (water depth greater than 200 m). In this study, we show, for the first time, that deep-sea fishes that possess species-specific bioluminescent structures (e.g., lanternfishes, dragonfishes) are diversifying into new species at a more rapid rate than deep-sea fishes that utilize bioluminescence in ways that would not promote isolation of populations (e.g., camouflage, predation). This work adds to our understanding of how life thrives and evolution shaped present-day biodiversity in the deep sea, the largest and arguably least explored habitat on earth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John S. Sparks
- American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024 USA
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28
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Sparks JS, Schelly RC, Smith WL, Davis MP, Tchernov D, Pieribone VA, Gruber DF. The covert world of fish biofluorescence: a phylogenetically widespread and phenotypically variable phenomenon. PLoS One 2014; 9:e83259. [PMID: 24421880 PMCID: PMC3885428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of fluorescent proteins has revolutionized experimental biology. Whereas the majority of fluorescent proteins have been identified from cnidarians, recently several fluorescent proteins have been isolated across the animal tree of life. Here we show that biofluorescence is not only phylogenetically widespread, but is also phenotypically variable across both cartilaginous and bony fishes, highlighting its evolutionary history and the possibility for discovery of numerous novel fluorescent proteins. Fish biofluorescence is especially common and morphologically variable in cryptically patterned coral-reef lineages. We identified 16 orders, 50 families, 105 genera, and more than 180 species of biofluorescent fishes. We have also reconstructed our current understanding of the phylogenetic distribution of biofluorescence for ray-finned fishes. The presence of yellow long-pass intraocular filters in many biofluorescent fish lineages and the substantive color vision capabilities of coral-reef fishes suggest that they are capable of detecting fluoresced light. We present species-specific emission patterns among closely related species, indicating that biofluorescence potentially functions in intraspecific communication and evidence that fluorescence can be used for camouflage. This research provides insight into the distribution, evolution, and phenotypic variability of biofluorescence in marine lineages and examines the role this variation may play.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S. Sparks
- Department of Ichthyology, American Museum of Natural History, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, New York, New York United States of America
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Robert C. Schelly
- Department of Ichthyology, American Museum of Natural History, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, New York, New York United States of America
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - W. Leo Smith
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Matthew P. Davis
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Dan Tchernov
- Marine Biology Department, The Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel
| | - Vincent A. Pieribone
- Department of Ichthyology, American Museum of Natural History, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, New York, New York United States of America
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The John B. Pierce Laboratory, Inc., Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - David F. Gruber
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Natural Sciences, Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America
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McMahan CD, Chakrabarty P, Sparks JS, Smith WL, Davis MP. Temporal patterns of diversification across global cichlid biodiversity (Acanthomorpha: Cichlidae). PLoS One 2013; 8:e71162. [PMID: 23990936 PMCID: PMC3747193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The contrasting distribution of species diversity across the major lineages of cichlids makes them an ideal group for investigating macroevolutionary processes. In this study, we investigate whether different rates of diversification may explain the disparity in species richness across cichlid lineages globally. We present the most taxonomically robust time-calibrated hypothesis of cichlid evolutionary relationships to date. We then utilize this temporal framework to investigate whether both species-rich and depauperate lineages are associated with rapid shifts in diversification rates and if exceptional species richness can be explained by clade age alone. A single significant rapid rate shift increase is detected within the evolutionary history of the African subfamily Pseudocrenilabrinae, which includes the haplochromins of the East African Great Lakes. Several lineages from the subfamilies Pseudocrenilabrinae (Australotilapiini, Oreochromini) and Cichlinae (Heroini) exhibit exceptional species richness given their clade age, a net rate of diversification, and relative rates of extinction, indicating that clade age alone is not a sufficient explanation for their increased diversity. Our results indicate that the Neotropical Cichlinae includes lineages that have not experienced a significant rapid burst in diversification when compared to certain African lineages (rift lake). Neotropical cichlids have remained comparatively understudied with regard to macroevolutionary patterns relative to African lineages, and our results indicate that of Neotropical lineages, the tribe Heroini may have an elevated rate of diversification in contrast to other Neotropical cichlids. These findings provide insight into our understanding of the diversification patterns across taxonomically disparate lineages in this diverse clade of freshwater fishes and one of the most species-rich families of vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb D. McMahan
- LSU Museum of Natural Science (Ichthyology), Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Prosanta Chakrabarty
- LSU Museum of Natural Science (Ichthyology), Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - John S. Sparks
- American Museum of Natural History, Department of Ichthyology, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Wm. Leo Smith
- The Field Museum, Division of Fishes, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Matthew P. Davis
- The Field Museum, Division of Fishes, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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Ghedotti MJ, Davis MP. Phylogeny, Classification, and Evolution of Salinity Tolerance of the North American Topminnows and Killifishes, Family Fundulidae (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3158/2158-5520-12.7.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Chakrabarty P, Davis MP, Sparks JS. The first record of a trans-oceanic sister-group relationship between obligate vertebrate troglobites. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44083. [PMID: 22937155 PMCID: PMC3429432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We show using the most complete phylogeny of one of the most species-rich orders of vertebrates (Gobiiformes), and calibrations from the rich fossil record of teleost fishes, that the genus Typhleotris, endemic to subterranean karst habitats in southwestern Madagascar, is the sister group to Milyeringa, endemic to similar subterranean systems in northwestern Australia. Both groups are eyeless, and our phylogenetic and biogeographic results show that these obligate cave fishes now found on opposite ends of the Indian Ocean (separated by nearly 7,000 km) are each others closest relatives and owe their origins to the break up of the southern supercontinent, Gondwana, at the end of the Cretaceous period. Trans-oceanic sister-group relationships are otherwise unknown between blind, cave-adapted vertebrates and our results provide an extraordinary case of Gondwanan vicariance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prosanta Chakrabarty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Museum of Natural Science, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America.
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32
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Chakrabarty P, Davis MP, Smith WL, Berquist R, Gledhill KM, Frank LR, Sparks JS. Evolution of the light organ system in ponyfishes (Teleostei: Leiognathidae). J Morphol 2011; 272:704-21. [PMID: 21433053 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prosanta Chakrabarty
- Ichthyology Section, Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
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33
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Davis MP, Fielitz C. Estimating divergence times of lizardfishes and their allies (Euteleostei: Aulopiformes) and the timing of deep-sea adaptations. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2010; 57:1194-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
In this paper we present the first study of the VUV photoabsorption spectrum of condensed phase SO(2) recorded over the VUV region 120 to 320 nm (10.33 to 3.64 eV). Distinct spectral features were observed that can be used to distinguish between the formation of amorphous and crystalline ice structures. These signatures may then be used to probe the formation of different ice structures as a function of both deposition rate and substrate temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Holtom
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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35
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Collins JE, Wright CL, Edwards CA, Davis MP, Grinham JA, Cole CG, Goward ME, Aguado B, Mallya M, Mokrab Y, Huckle EJ, Beare DM, Dunham I. A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeome. Genome Biol 2004; 5:R84. [PMID: 15461802 PMCID: PMC545604 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2004-5-10-r84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2004] [Revised: 07/16/2004] [Accepted: 08/11/2004] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a systematic approach to generating cDNA clones containing full-length open reading frames (ORFs), exploiting knowledge of gene structure from genomic sequence. Each ORF was amplified by PCR from a pool of primary cDNAs, cloned and confirmed by sequencing. We obtained clones representing 70% of genes on human chromosome 22, whereas searching available cDNA clone collections found at best 48% from a single collection and 60% for all collections combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Collins
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Charmain L Wright
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Carol A Edwards
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
- Current address: Department of Anatomy, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Matthew P Davis
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - James A Grinham
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Charlotte G Cole
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Melanie E Goward
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Begoña Aguado
- MRC Rosalind Franklin Centre for Genomics Research (formerly MRC UK Human Genome Mapping Resource Centre), Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SB, UK
- Current address: Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Meera Mallya
- MRC Rosalind Franklin Centre for Genomics Research (formerly MRC UK Human Genome Mapping Resource Centre), Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SB, UK
- Current address: Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2XY, UK
| | - Younes Mokrab
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
- Current address: Department of Biochemistry, Sanger Building, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Elizabeth J Huckle
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - David M Beare
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Ian Dunham
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
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Ghedotti MJ, Simons AM, Davis MP. Morphology and Phylogeny of the Studfish Clade, Subgenus Xenisma (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes). COPEIA 2004. [DOI: 10.1643/ci-02-184r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mainous AG, Hueston WJ, Davis MP, Pearson WS. Trends in antimicrobial prescribing for bronchitis and upper respiratory infections among adults and children. Am J Public Health 2003; 93:1910-4. [PMID: 14600065 PMCID: PMC1448075 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.93.11.1910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined antimicrobial prescribing patterns for adults and children with bronchitis or upper respiratory infections (URIs) before and after release of nationally disseminated pediatric practice recommendations. METHODS Data from the 1993, 1995, 1997, and 1999 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey were used to evaluate prescriptions for antimicrobials for URIs and bronchitis. RESULTS From 1993 to 1999, the proportion of children receiving antimicrobials after visits for URIs and bronchitis decreased. However, the use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials rose from 10.6% of bronchitis visits to 40.5%. Prescriptions of antimicrobials for adults with URIs or bronchitis showed a decrease between 1993 and 1999. CONCLUSIONS Although antimicrobial prescribing for URIs and bronchitis has decreased for both children and adults, the prescribing of broad-spectrum antibiotics among children has shown a proportional rise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arch G Mainous
- Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Current estimates of pediatric complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use range from 10% to 15%. These estimates are derived from children sampled at health care facilities, with chronic conditions, and/or from countries other than the United States. OBJECTIVE To provide a population-based estimate of the prevalence of pediatric CAM use in the United States. DESIGN We used the 1996 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), a nationally representative survey of the noninstitutionalized US population. The survey asks parents if their children used alternative care practitioners within the previous year. Our analysis included children younger than 18 years and accounted for the complex sampling design of MEPS. RESULTS Weighted for the US population, pediatric CAM use was 1.8% (95% confidence interval, 1.3%-2.3%). Participants who used CAM were found in each age category, and the mean age was 10.3 years; 76.8% were white, 54% were female, 32% lived in the West, 66% lived in a metropolitan statistical area, and 36% lived at 100% to 199% of the poverty level. Bivariate chi2 analysis shows that CAM use increased with age (P =.006) and was twice as common in children not living in a metropolitan statistical area (P =.02). CONCLUSIONS The use of CAM among US children, as measured by the MEPS, is far less prevalent than has previously been asserted. With such disparate estimates, future CAM research efforts would benefit from a consensus regarding what practices constitute CAM and how these practices should be measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, the Academic Generalist Fellowship Program, and the Center for Health Care Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425, USA
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Homsi J, Nelson KA, Sarhill N, Rybicki L, LeGrand SB, Davis MP, Walsh D. A phase II study of methylphenidate for depression in advanced cancer. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2001; 18:403-7. [PMID: 11712722 DOI: 10.1177/104990910101800610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study evaluated the use of methylphenidate for depression in advanced cancer DESIGN Phase II open-label prospective study. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA No previous use of methylphenidate or current use of other antidepressants. EVALUATION Depression and response to treatment were determined by asking the patient: "are you depressed?" Patients were assessed at baseline and at days 3, 5, and 7. TREATMENT Starting dose was 5 mg at 8:00 a.m. and 12:00 noon. The dose was titrated for lack of response on any of the assessment days. RESPONSE CRITERIA: A negative response to the question: "are you depressed?" RESULTS Some 41 patients were enrolled and 30 (15 men, 15 women) completed the study. Median age was 68 years (range: 30-90). Methylphenidate was stopped for six patients because of side effects and five were not evaluable; 21 responded to 10 mg/day on day 3; the other nine responded to 20 mg/day on day 5, 29 maintained their positive response through day 7. Anorexia, fatigue, concentration, and sedation also improved in some. All who completed the study had tolerable side effects, none of which caused treatment to stop. CONCLUSIONS Methylphenidate is effective for depression in advanced cancer A starting dose of 10 mg in divided doses is effective in most patients. Dose escalation may be needed. Improvement occurs within three days. Close monitoring of side effects is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Homsi
- Center for Palliative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center, Ohio, USA
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40
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Abstract
This article discusses the use of a medication kit at home for terminal symptoms. This innovation has been in place for more than two years at the Hospice of the Cleveland Clinic. There is no previously published information on this innovation in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B LeGrand
- Harry R. Horvitz Center for Palliative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio, USA
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Davis MP, Dickerson ED, Pappagallo M, Varga J, Shuster J, Benedetti C. Palliative care: a long-term solution for long-term care. Part 3: analgesic therapy. Home Care Provid 2001; 6:164-70; quiz 171, 1p after 176. [PMID: 11581590 DOI: 10.1067/mhc.2001.119262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M P Davis
- Harry R. Horvitz Center of Palliative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio, USA
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Abstract
Thalidomide is an immunomodulator, anti-angiogenic agent, anti-cytokine, and anti-integrin. Alone or in combination with other drugs, thalidomide has also demonstrated anti-cachexin and anti-neoplastic properties. Anorexia and cachexia are common symptoms of advanced cancer. Since certain cytokines also promote tumor growth, we may have a class of agents with palliative and anti-tumor benefits in combination with anti-neoplastics and anti-cytokines, such as thalidomide.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Davis
- Harry R. Horvitz Center for Palliative Medicine (a World Health Organization Demonstration Project), Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Abstract
The enzymes in the cytochrome p450 monooxygenase system (CYP) are the major enzymes responsible for metabolizing medications. The CYP2D6 isomer is responsible for metabolizing certain opioids, neuroleptics, antidepressants and cardiac medications. Owing to CYP2D6's low capacity and high affinity it is easily saturated by substrate and/or inhibited, resulting in pharmacokinetic interactions. Polymorphisms of the structural gene are common, leading to wide inter-individual and ethnic differences in drug metabolism. Clinically important drug interactions, which may be anticipated in the palliative medicine population, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Davis
- Harry R. Horvitz Center for Palliative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195, USA.
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Abstract
We conducted a prospective assessment of 50 consecutive admissions to an acute palliative medicine unit, using the bedside confusion scale (BSCS). Information including age, gender, diagnosis, and the presence or absence of brain metastasis was collected. Possible predisposing factors for delirium were recorded. Forty-one of 50 consecutive admissions were screened. There were 18 men and 23 women with a median age of 65 years (average: 60-75). The most common diagnoses among all were lung and breast cancer. Thirteen patients were delirious (BSCS score of > or = 2), 10 borderline (BSCS score = 1), and 21 normal (BSCS score = 0). Brain metastases and drugs appeared to be the most common predisposing factors of delirium. Forty percent of those that were delirious received haloperidol as symptomatic treatment. The BSCS is simple, portable, valid, quick, and easy to use by any medical team member. Delirium is common in hospitalized patients with advanced cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sarhill
- Harry R. Horvitz Center for Palliative Medicine (a World Health Organization Demonstration Project in Palliative Medicine), Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Davis
- Harry R. Horvitz Center for Palliative Medicine (A World Health Organization Demonstration Project), Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Davis MP, Dickerson ED, Pappagallo M, Varga J, Shuster J, Benedetti C. Palliative care: long-term solution for long-term care. Part 2. Types of pain: a review. Home Care Provid 2001; 6:126-33; quiz 134-5. [PMID: 11496264 DOI: 10.1067/mhc.2001.117490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M P Davis
- Harry R. Horvitz Center of Palliative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio, USA
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Abstract
Islam holds life as sacred and belonging to God and that all creatures will die one day. Suicide is forbidden. Muslims believe death is only a transition between two different lives. The terminally ill Muslim desires to perform five ritual requirements. Do not resuscitate (DNR) orders are acceptable. A deceased Muslim must always be buried after being ritually washed and wrapped. There are different Muslim schools of thought, but they are united regarding their views on death and dying.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sarhill
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent Charity Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Abstract
Malignant-associated bowel obstruction remains a common and perplexing problem for patients with advanced gynecologic and gastrointestinal malignancies. The ability to locate and define its cause preoperatively has improved with the advent of computed tomography. Initial clinical experience with half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo magnetic resonance imaging (HASTE MRI) and virtual colonoscopy is exciting. The surgical approach for primary obstructing colon cancer has become more aggressive, with experienced surgical groups doing one-stage procedures. Yet to be defined are guidelines for surgical management of obstructions occurring in the face of recurrent disease. Stent placement for upper and lower bowel obstructions is an option in nonoperable patients. Pharmacologic symptom management for intestinal obstructions consists of an opioid, an anticholinergic, and an antiemetic. Octreotide, either alone or added to the original regimen, will palliate symptoms that are resistant to the three-drug combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Davis
- Harry R. Horvitz Center for Palliative Medicine (A World Health Organization Demonstration Project).
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49
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Davis MP, Dickerson ED, Pappagallo M, Varga J, Shuster J, Benedetti C. Palliative care: long-term solution for long-term care. Part I. Home Care Provid 2001; 6:90-7; quiz 98-9. [PMID: 11402267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M P Davis
- Harry R. Horvitz Center of Palliative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio, USA
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50
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Sarhill N, Walsh D, Nelson KA, Homsi J, LeGrand S, Davis MP. Methylphenidate for fatigue in advanced cancer: a prospective open-label pilot study. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2001; 18:187-92. [PMID: 11406895 DOI: 10.1177/104990910101800310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychostimulants such as methylphenidate are used for fatigue in cancer patients. We report a prospective, open-label, pilot study of the successful use of methylphenidate to treat fatigue in nine of 11 consecutive patients with advanced cancer. Seven had received radiation or chemotherapy, a median of three weeks (range from one to 30 weeks) prior to methylphenidate. A rapid onset of benefit was noted, even in the presence of mild anemia. Sedation and pain also improved in some. Only one patient had side effects severe enough to stop the medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sarhill
- Harry R. Horvitz Center for Palliative Medicine, World Health Organization Demonstration Project in Palliative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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