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Zhang J, Wang TY, Zhang C, Mi C, Geng S, Tang Y, Wang X. CMV/AAT promoter of MAR-based episomal vector enhanced transgene expression in human hepatic cells. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:354. [PMID: 37810190 PMCID: PMC10558423 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously developed a non-viral episomal vector based on matrix attachment region (MAR) that can facilitate plasmid replication episomally in mammal cells. In this study, we have focused on the development of an alternative tissue specific episomal vector by incorporating into cis-acting elements. We found that AAT promoter demonstrated the highest eGFP expression level in HepG2, Huh-7 and HL-7702 hepatic cells. Furthermore, hCMV enhancer when combined with AAT promoter significantly improved the eGFP expression level in the transfected HepG2 cells. The mean fluorescence intensity of eGFP in hCMV2 group was 1.33 fold, which was higher than that of the control (p < 0.01), followed by the hCMV1 group (1.21 fold). In addition, the percentages of eGFP-expressing cells in hCMV1 and hCMV2 groups were observed to be 49.3% and 57.2%, which were significantly higher than that of the enhancer-devoid control vector (44.3%) (p < 0.05). Moreover, the eGFP protein were up to 3.5 fold and 5.1 fold (p < 0.05), respectively. This observation could be related with the activities of some specific transcription factors (TFs) during the transcriptional process, such as SRF, REL and CREB1. The composite CMV/AAT promoter can be thus used for efficient transgene expression of MAR-based episomal vector in liver cells and as a potential gene transfer tools for the management of liver diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03774-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, No. 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, 453003 Henan Province China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang, 453003 China
| | - Tian-Yun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, No. 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, 453003 Henan Province China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang, 453003 China
| | - Chunbo Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453000 China
| | - Chunliu Mi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, No. 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, 453003 Henan Province China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang, 453003 China
| | - Shaolei Geng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, No. 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, 453003 Henan Province China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang, 453003 China
| | - Yuanyuan Tang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, No. 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, 453003 Henan Province China
| | - Xiaoyin Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, No. 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, 453003 Henan Province China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombinant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang, 453003 China
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2
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Tsai HC, Pietrobon V, Peng M, Wang S, Zhao L, Marincola FM, Cai Q. Current strategies employed in the manipulation of gene expression for clinical purposes. J Transl Med 2022; 20:535. [PMID: 36401279 PMCID: PMC9673226 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03747-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal gene expression level or expression of genes containing deleterious mutations are two of the main determinants which lead to genetic disease. To obtain a therapeutic effect and thus to cure genetic diseases, it is crucial to regulate the host's gene expression and restore it to physiological conditions. With this purpose, several molecular tools have been developed and are currently tested in clinical trials. Genome editing nucleases are a class of molecular tools routinely used in laboratories to rewire host's gene expression. Genome editing nucleases include different categories of enzymes: meganucleses (MNs), zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)- CRISPR associated protein (Cas) and transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALENs). Transposable elements are also a category of molecular tools which includes different members, for example Sleeping Beauty (SB), PiggyBac (PB), Tol2 and TcBuster. Transposons have been used for genetic studies and can serve as gene delivery tools. Molecular tools to rewire host's gene expression also include episomes, which are divided into different categories depending on their molecular structure. Finally, RNA interference is commonly used to regulate gene expression through the administration of small interfering RNA (siRNA), short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and bi-functional shRNA molecules. In this review, we will describe the different molecular tools that can be used to regulate gene expression and discuss their potential for clinical applications. These molecular tools are delivered into the host's cells in the form of DNA, RNA or protein using vectors that can be grouped into physical or biochemical categories. In this review we will also illustrate the different types of payloads that can be used, and we will discuss recent developments in viral and non-viral vector technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maoyu Peng
- Kite Pharma Inc, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA
| | - Suning Wang
- Kite Pharma Inc, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA
| | - Lihong Zhao
- Kite Pharma Inc, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA
| | | | - Qi Cai
- Kite Pharma Inc, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA.
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3
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Ishikawa K, Nakada K. Attempts to understand the mechanisms of mitochondrial diseases: The reverse genetics of mouse models for mitochondrial disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1865:129835. [PMID: 33358867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial disease is a general term for a disease caused by a decline in mitochondrial function. The pathology of this disease is extremely diverse and complex, and the mechanism of its pathogenesis is still unknown. Using mouse models that develop the disease via the same processes as in humans is the easiest path to understanding the underlying mechanism. However, creating a mouse model is extremely difficult due to the lack of technologies that enable editing of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). SCOPE OF REVIEW This paper outlines the complex pathogenesis of mitochondrial disease, and the difficulties in producing relevant mouse models. Then, the paper provides a detailed discussion on several mice created with mutations in mtDNA. The paper also introduces the pathology of mouse models with mutations including knockouts of nuclear genes that directly affect mitochondrial function. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Several mice with mtDNA mutations and those with nuclear DNA mutations have been established. Although these models help elucidate the pathological mechanism of mitochondrial disease, they lack sufficient diversity to enable a complete understanding. Considering the variety of factors that affect the cause and mechanism of mitochondrial disease, it is necessary to account for this background diversity in mouse models as well. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Mouse models are indispensable for understanding the pathological mechanism of mitochondrial disease, as well as for searching new treatments. There is a need for the creation and examination of mouse models with more diverse mutations and altered nuclear backgrounds and breeding environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Ishikawa
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Kazuto Nakada
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
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4
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Grisch-Chan HM, Schwank G, Harding CO, Thöny B. State-of-the-Art 2019 on Gene Therapy for Phenylketonuria. Hum Gene Ther 2019; 30:1274-1283. [PMID: 31364419 PMCID: PMC6763965 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2019.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is considered to be a paradigm for a monogenic metabolic disorder but was never thought to be a primary application for human gene therapy due to established alternative treatment. However, somewhat unanticipated improvement in neuropsychiatric outcome upon long-term treatment of adults with PKU with enzyme substitution therapy might slowly change this assumption. In parallel, PKU was for a long time considered to be an excellent test system for experimental gene therapy of a Mendelian autosomal recessive defect of the liver due to an outstanding mouse model and the easy to analyze and well-defined therapeutic end point, that is, blood l-phenylalanine concentration. Lifelong treatment by targeting the mouse liver (or skeletal muscle) was achieved using different approaches, including (1) recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) or nonviral naked DNA vector-based gene addition, (2) genome editing using base editors delivered by rAAV vectors, and (3) by delivering rAAVs for promoter-less insertion of the PAH-cDNA into the Pah locus. In this article we summarize the gene therapeutic attempts of correcting a mouse model for PKU and discuss the future implications for human gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiu Man Grisch-Chan
- Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Zurich and Children's Research Centre, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerald Schwank
- Department of Biology, Institute for Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cary O. Harding
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Oregon Science and Health University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Beat Thöny
- Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Zurich and Children's Research Centre, Zurich, Switzerland
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5
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Modified gelatin nanoparticles for gene delivery. Int J Pharm 2019; 554:224-234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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6
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Peptide-based targeted therapeutics: Focus on cancer treatment. J Control Release 2018; 292:141-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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7
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Laiva AL, O'Brien FJ, Keogh MB. Innovations in gene and growth factor delivery systems for diabetic wound healing. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:e296-e312. [PMID: 28482114 PMCID: PMC5813216 DOI: 10.1002/term.2443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The rise in lower extremity amputations due to nonhealing of foot ulcers in diabetic patients calls for rapid improvement in effective treatment regimens. Administration of growth factors (GFs) are thought to offer an off-the-shelf treatment; however, the dose- and time-dependent efficacy of the GFs together with the hostile environment of diabetic wound beds impose a major hindrance in the selection of an ideal route for GF delivery. As an alternative, the delivery of therapeutic genes using viral and nonviral vectors, capable of transiently expressing the genes until the recovery of the wounded tissue offers promise. The development of implantable biomaterial dressings capable of modulating the release of either single or combinatorial GFs/genes may offer solutions to this overgrowing problem. This article reviews the state of the art on gene and protein delivery and the strategic optimization of clinically adopted delivery strategies for the healing of diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashang Luwang Laiva
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of AnatomyRoyal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublinIreland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research CentreRoyal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College DublinIreland
| | - Fergal J. O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of AnatomyRoyal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublinIreland
- Trinity Centre for BioengineeringTrinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College DublinIreland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research CentreRoyal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College DublinIreland
| | - Michael B. Keogh
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of AnatomyRoyal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublinIreland
- Medical University of BahrainAdliyaKingdom of Bahrain
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8
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Hagedorn C, Gogol-Döring A, Schreiber S, Epplen JT, Lipps HJ. Genome-wide profiling of S/MAR-based replicon contact sites. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:7841-7854. [PMID: 28609784 PMCID: PMC5570033 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autonomously replicating vectors represent a simple and versatile model system for genetic modifications, but their localization in the nucleus and effect on endogenous gene expression is largely unknown. Using circular chromosome conformation capture we mapped genomic contact sites of S/MAR-based replicons in HeLa cells. The influence of cis-active sequences on genomic localization was assessed using replicons containing either an insulator sequence or an intron. While the original and the insulator-containing replicons displayed distinct contact sites, the intron-containing replicon showed a rather broad genomic contact pattern. Our results indicate a preference for certain chromatin structures and a rather non-dynamic behaviour during mitosis. Independent of inserted cis-active elements established vector molecules reside preferentially within actively transcribed regions, especially within promoter sequences and transcription start sites. However, transcriptome analyses revealed that established S/MAR-based replicons do not alter gene expression profiles of host genome. Knowledge of preferred contact sites of exogenous DNA, e.g. viral or non-viral episomes, contribute to our understanding of episome behaviour in the nucleus and can be used for vector improvement and guiding of DNA sequences to specific subnuclear sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Hagedorn
- University of Witten/Herdecke, ZBAF, Institute of Cell Biology, Stockumer Strasse 10, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Andreas Gogol-Döring
- Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen (University of Applied Sciences), Department of Bioinformatics, Wiesenstrasse 14, 35390 Gießen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schreiber
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jörg T Epplen
- University of Witten/Herdecke, ZBAF, Institute of Cell Biology, Stockumer Strasse 10, 58453 Witten, Germany.,Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Hans J Lipps
- University of Witten/Herdecke, ZBAF, Institute of Cell Biology, Stockumer Strasse 10, 58453 Witten, Germany
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9
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Hagedorn C, Schnödt-Fuchs M, Boehme P, Abdelrazik H, Lipps HJ, Büning H. S/MAR Element Facilitates Episomal Long-Term Persistence of Adeno-Associated Virus Vector Genomes in Proliferating Cells. Hum Gene Ther 2017; 28:1169-1179. [PMID: 28665147 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are one of the most frequently applied gene transfer systems in research and human clinical trials. Since AAV vectors do not possess an integrase activity, application is restricted to terminally differentiated tissues if transgene expression is required long term. To overcome this limitation and to generate AAV vectors that persist episomally in dividing cells, AAV vector genomes were equipped with a scaffold/matrix attachment region (S/MAR). After a mild antibiotic selection, cells transduced with AAV-S/MAR established colonies that maintained long-term transgene expression (>50 population doublings) from replicating AAV vector episomes in the absence of further selection. Unexpectedly, with a lesser but still significant efficiency, the control vector (AAV-ΔS/MAR), a standard single-stranded AAV vector, also established stable transgene-expressing colonies, most of which were maintained as replicating episomes rather than integrated vector genomes. Thus, based on the result in HeLa cells, it is concluded that AAV vector genomes per se possess the ability to establish episomal maintenance in proliferating cells, a feature that can be enhanced by incorporation of a foreign genomic element such as an S/MAR element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Hagedorn
- 1 Institute of Cell Biology, ZBAF, University of Witten/Herdecke , Witten, Germany
| | - Maria Schnödt-Fuchs
- 2 Laboratory for AAV Vector Development, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne , Cologne, Germany .,3 Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne , Cologne, Germany .,4 German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) , partner sites Bonn-Cologne and Hannover-Braunschweig
| | - Philip Boehme
- 1 Institute of Cell Biology, ZBAF, University of Witten/Herdecke , Witten, Germany .,5 Institute of Virology and Microbiology, ZBAF, University of Witten/Herdecke , Witten, Germany
| | - Heba Abdelrazik
- 2 Laboratory for AAV Vector Development, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne , Cologne, Germany .,6 Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hans J Lipps
- 1 Institute of Cell Biology, ZBAF, University of Witten/Herdecke , Witten, Germany
| | - Hildegard Büning
- 2 Laboratory for AAV Vector Development, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne , Cologne, Germany .,3 Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne , Cologne, Germany .,4 German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) , partner sites Bonn-Cologne and Hannover-Braunschweig.,7 Laboratory for Infection Biology and Gene Transfer, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover, Germany
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10
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Hardee CL, Arévalo-Soliz LM, Hornstein BD, Zechiedrich L. Advances in Non-Viral DNA Vectors for Gene Therapy. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:E65. [PMID: 28208635 PMCID: PMC5333054 DOI: 10.3390/genes8020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Uses of viral vectors have thus far eclipsed uses of non-viral vectors for gene therapy delivery in the clinic. Viral vectors, however, have certain issues involving genome integration, the inability to be delivered repeatedly, and possible host rejection. Fortunately, development of non-viral DNA vectors has progressed steadily, especially in plasmid vector length reduction, now allowing these tools to fill in specifically where viral or other non-viral vectors may not be the best options. In this review, we examine the improvements made to non-viral DNA gene therapy vectors, highlight opportunities for their further development, address therapeutic needs for which their use is the logical choice, and discuss their future expansion into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinnamon L. Hardee
- Interdepartmental Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.M.A.-S.); (B.D.H.)
| | - Lirio Milenka Arévalo-Soliz
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.M.A.-S.); (B.D.H.)
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Hornstein
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.M.A.-S.); (B.D.H.)
| | - Lynn Zechiedrich
- Interdepartmental Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.M.A.-S.); (B.D.H.)
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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11
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Xu Z, Chen F, Zhang L, Lu J, Xu P, Liu G, Xie X, Mu W, Wang Y, Liu D. Non-integrating lentiviral vectors based on the minimal S/MAR sequence retain transgene expression in dividing cells. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2016; 59:1024-1033. [PMID: 27614752 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-0067-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Safe and efficient gene transfer systems are the basis of gene therapy applications. Non-integrating lentiviral (NIL) vectors are among the most promising candidates for gene transfer tools, because they exhibit high transfer efficiency in both dividing and non-dividing cells and do not present a risk of insertional mutagenesis. However, non-integrating lentiviral vectors cannot introduce stable exogenous gene expression to dividing cells, thereby limiting their application. Here, we report the design of a non-integrating lentiviral vector that contains the minimal scaffold/matrix attachment region (S/MAR) sequence (SNIL), and this SNIL vector is able to retain episomal transgene expression in dividing cells. Using SNIL vectors, we detected the expression of the eGFP gene for 61 days in SNIL-transduced stable CHO cells, either with selection or not. In the NIL group without the S/MAR sequence, however, the transduced cells died under selection for the transient expression of NIL vectors. Furthermore, Southern blot assays demonstrated that the SNIL vectors were retained extrachromosomally in the CHO cells. In conclusion, the minimal S/MAR sequence retained the non-integrating lentiviral vectors in dividing cells, which indicates that SNIL vectors have the potential for use as a gene transfer tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Guang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xuemin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Wenli Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Depei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
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12
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Chira S, Jackson CS, Oprea I, Ozturk F, Pepper MS, Diaconu I, Braicu C, Raduly LZ, Calin GA, Berindan-Neagoe I. Progresses towards safe and efficient gene therapy vectors. Oncotarget 2016; 6:30675-703. [PMID: 26362400 PMCID: PMC4741561 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of genetic engineering at the beginning of the 1970′s opened the era of biomedical technologies, which aims to improve human health using genetic manipulation techniques in a clinical context. Gene therapy represents an innovating and appealing strategy for treatment of human diseases, which utilizes vehicles or vectors for delivering therapeutic genes into the patients' body. However, a few past unsuccessful events that negatively marked the beginning of gene therapy resulted in the need for further studies regarding the design and biology of gene therapy vectors, so that this innovating treatment approach can successfully move from bench to bedside. In this paper, we review the major gene delivery vectors and recent improvements made in their design meant to overcome the issues that commonly arise with the use of gene therapy vectors. At the end of the manuscript, we summarized the main advantages and disadvantages of common gene therapy vectors and we discuss possible future directions for potential therapeutic vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiu Chira
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Haţieganu", Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Carlo S Jackson
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Iulian Oprea
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ferhat Ozturk
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Canik Başari University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Michael S Pepper
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Haţieganu", Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Lajos-Zsolt Raduly
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Haţieganu", Cluj Napoca, Romania.,Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Haţieganu", Cluj Napoca, Romania.,Department of Immunology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Haţieganu", Cluj Napoca, Romania.,Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, Oncological Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă", Cluj Napoca, Romania.,Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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13
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Jin C, Fotaki G, Ramachandran M, Nilsson B, Essand M, Yu D. Safe engineering of CAR T cells for adoptive cell therapy of cancer using long-term episomal gene transfer. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 8:702-11. [PMID: 27189167 PMCID: PMC4931286 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201505869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy is a new successful treatment for refractory B‐cell leukemia. Successful therapeutic outcome depends on long‐term expression of CAR transgene in T cells, which is achieved by delivering transgene using integrating gamma retrovirus (RV) or lentivirus (LV). However, uncontrolled RV/LV integration in host cell genomes has the potential risk of causing insertional mutagenesis. Herein, we describe a novel episomal long‐term cell engineering method using non‐integrating lentiviral (NILV) vector containing a scaffold/matrix attachment region (S/MAR) element, for either expression of transgenes or silencing of target genes. The insertional events of this vector into the genome of host cells are below detection level. CD19 CAR T cells engineered with a NILV‐S/MAR vector have similar levels of CAR expression as T cells engineered with an integrating LV vector, even after numerous rounds of cell division. NILV‐S/MAR‐engineered CD19 CAR T cells exhibited similar cytotoxic capacity upon CD19+ target cell recognition as LV‐engineered T cells and are as effective in controlling tumor growth in vivo. We propose that NILV‐S/MAR vectors are superior to current options as they enable long‐term transgene expression without the risk of insertional mutagenesis and genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Jin
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Grammatiki Fotaki
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mohanraj Ramachandran
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Berith Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Essand
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Di Yu
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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14
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Badwaik V, Liu L, Gunasekera D, Kulkarni A, Thompson DH. Mechanistic Insight into Receptor-Mediated Delivery of Cationic-β-Cyclodextrin:Hyaluronic Acid-Adamantamethamidyl Host:Guest pDNA Nanoparticles to CD44(+) Cells. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:1176-84. [PMID: 26900622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Targeted delivery is a key element for improving the efficiency and safety of nonviral vectors for gene therapy. We have recently developed a CD44 receptor targeted, hyaluronic acid-adamantamethamidyl based pendant polymer system (HA-Ad), capable of forming complexes with cationic β-cyclodextrins (CD-PEI(+)) and pDNA. Complexes formed using these compounds (HA-Ad:CD-PEI(+):pDNA) display high water solubility, good transfection efficiency, and low cytotoxicity. Spatial and dynamic tracking of the transfection complexes by confocal microscopy and multicolor flow cytometry techniques was used to evaluate the target specificity, subcellular localization, and endosomal escape process. Our data shows that cells expressing the CD44 receptor undergo enhanced cellular uptake and transfection efficiency with HA-Ad:CD-PEI(+):pDNA complexes. This transfection system, comprised noncovalent assembly of cyclodextrin:adamantamethamidyl-modified hyaluronic acid via host:guest interactions to condense pDNA, is a potentially useful tool for targeted delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Badwaik
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Multidisciplinary Cancer Research Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University , 1203 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Linjia Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Multidisciplinary Cancer Research Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University , 1203 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Dinara Gunasekera
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Multidisciplinary Cancer Research Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University , 1203 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Aditya Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Multidisciplinary Cancer Research Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University , 1203 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - David H Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Multidisciplinary Cancer Research Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University , 1203 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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15
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Hagedorn C, Lipps HJ, Rupprecht S. The epigenetic regulation of autonomous replicons. Biomol Concepts 2015; 1:17-30. [PMID: 25961982 DOI: 10.1515/bmc.2010.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of autonomous replicating sequences (ARSs) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in 1979 was considered a milestone in unraveling the regulation of replication in eukaryotic cells. However, shortly afterwards it became obvious that in Saccharomyces pombe and all other higher organisms ARSs were not sufficient to initiate independent replication. Understanding the mechanisms of replication is a major challenge in modern cell biology and is also a prerequisite to developing application-oriented autonomous replicons for gene therapeutic treatments. This review will focus on the development of non-viral episomal vectors, their use in gene therapeutic applications and our current knowledge about their epigenetic regulation.
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16
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Lin Y, Li Z, Wang T, Wang X, Wang L, Dong W, Jing C, Yang X. MAR characteristic motifs mediate episomal vector in CHO cells. Gene 2015; 559:137-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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17
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Han Z, Banworth MJ, Makkia R, Conley SM, Al-Ubaidi MR, Cooper MJ, Naash MI. Genomic DNA nanoparticles rescue rhodopsin-associated retinitis pigmentosa phenotype. FASEB J 2015; 29:2535-44. [PMID: 25713057 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-270363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the rhodopsin gene cause retinal degeneration and clinical phenotypes including retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and congenital stationary night blindness. Effective gene therapies have been difficult to develop, however, because generating precise levels of rhodopsin expression is critical; overexpression causes toxicity, and underexpression would result in incomplete rescue. Current gene delivery strategies routinely use cDNA-based vectors for gene targeting; however, inclusion of noncoding components of genomic DNA (gDNA) such as introns may help promote more endogenous regulation of gene expression. Here we test the hypothesis that inclusion of genomic sequences from the rhodopsin gene can improve the efficacy of rhodopsin gene therapy in the rhodopsin knockout (RKO) mouse model of RP. We utilize our compacted DNA nanoparticles (NPs), which have the ability to transfer larger and more complex genetic constructs, to deliver murine rhodopsin cDNA or gDNA. We show functional and structural improvements in RKO eyes for up to 8 months after NP-mediated gDNA but not cDNA delivery. Importantly, in addition to improvements in rod function, we observe significant preservation of cone function at time points when cones in the RKO model are degenerated. These results suggest that inclusion of native expression elements, such as introns, can significantly enhance gene expression and therapeutic efficacy and may become an essential option in the array of available gene delivery tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongchao Han
- *Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA; and Copernicus Therapeutics, Incorporated, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Marcellus J Banworth
- *Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA; and Copernicus Therapeutics, Incorporated, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rasha Makkia
- *Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA; and Copernicus Therapeutics, Incorporated, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Shannon M Conley
- *Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA; and Copernicus Therapeutics, Incorporated, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Muayyad R Al-Ubaidi
- *Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA; and Copernicus Therapeutics, Incorporated, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark J Cooper
- *Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA; and Copernicus Therapeutics, Incorporated, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Muna I Naash
- *Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA; and Copernicus Therapeutics, Incorporated, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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18
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Yu H, Li S, Feng L, Liu Y, Qi X, Wei W, Li J, Dong W. Diglycidyl Esters Cross-Linked with Low Molecular Weight Polyethyleneimine for Magnetofection. Aust J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/ch14731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic polyethyleneimine (PEI) complexes have demonstrated to be simple and efficient vectors for enhancing gene transfection. However, the high cytotoxicity of PEI restricts its further application in vivo. In this study, we synthesized several low cytotoxicity biodegradable cationic polymers derived from PEI (Mw 600) linked with diglycidyl tartrate (DT-PEI) or its analogues (diglycidyl succinate (DS-PEI) and diglycidyl malate (DM-PEI); D-PEIs for all 3 polymers). Moreover, a type of biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with negative charges was prepared to assemble with D-PEIs/DNA complexes via electrostatic interactions. The magnetic ternary complexes have appropriate sizes of 120–150 nm and zeta potential values of ~20–25 mV. The transfection ability and cell viability of D-PEIs increased as the amount of hydroxyl groups increased in the repeat unit, which indicated that increasing the hydroxyl number in the backbone of D-PEIs can enhance gene expression and decrease cytotoxicity in A549 cells. Magnetofection of DT-PEI showed similar transfection efficiency with 30 min incubation; in contrast, the standard incubation time was 4 h. All three magnetic complexes displayed lower cytotoxicity when compared with those of PEI complexes in COS-7 and A549. These results indicated that these series of magnetic PEI derivatives complexes could be potential nanocarriers for gene delivery.
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19
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Wong SP, Argyros O, Harbottle RP. Sustained expression from DNA vectors. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2014; 89:113-152. [PMID: 25620010 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
DNA vectors have the potential to become powerful medical tools for treatment of human disease. The human body has, however, developed a range of defensive strategies to detect and silence foreign or misplaced DNA, which is more typically encountered during infection or chromosomal damage. A clinically relevant human gene therapy vector must overcome or avoid these protections whilst delivering sustained levels of therapeutic gene product without compromising the vitality of the recipient host. Many non-viral DNA vectors trigger these defense mechanisms and are subsequently destroyed or rendered silent. Thus, without modification or considered design, the clinical utility of a typical DNA vector is fundamentally limited due to the transient nature of its transgene expression. The development of safe and persistently expressing DNA vectors is a crucial prerequisite for its successful clinical application and subsequently remains, therefore, one of the main strategic tasks of non-viral gene therapy research. In this chapter we will describe our current understanding of the mechanisms that can destroy or silence DNA vectors and discuss strategies, which have been utilized to improve their sustenance and the level and duration of their transgene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suet Ping Wong
- Leukocyte Biology Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Orestis Argyros
- Division of Pharmacology-Pharmacotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Richard P Harbottle
- DNA Vector Research, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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20
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Cui G, Wang X, Ye X, Zu J, Zan K, Hua F. Oxygen-glucose deprivation of neurons transfected with toll-like receptor 3-siRNA: Determination of an optimal transfection sequence. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:3233-40. [PMID: 25206644 PMCID: PMC4146184 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.34.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 3 protein expression has been shown to be upregulated during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. In this study, rat primary cortical neurons were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation to simulate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Chemically synthesized small interfering RNA (siRNA)-1280, -1724 and -418 specific to toll-like receptor 3 were transfected into oxygen-glucose deprived cortical neurons to suppress the upregulation of toll-like receptor 3 protein expression. Western blotting demonstrated that after transfection with siRNA, toll-like receptor 3 protein expression reduced, especially in the toll-like receptor 3-1724 group. These results suggested that siRNA-1724 is an optimal sequence for inhibiting toll-like receptor 3 expression in cortical neurons following oxygen-glucose deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyun Cui
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaopeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinchun Ye
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Zu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kun Zan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fang Hua
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
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21
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Skandrani N, Barras A, Legrand D, Gharbi T, Boulahdour H, Boukherroub R. Lipid nanocapsules functionalized with polyethyleneimine for plasmid DNA and drug co-delivery and cell imaging. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:7379-7390. [PMID: 24871584 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr01110d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The paper reports on the preparation of lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) functionalized with poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) moieties and their successful use as drug and gene delivery systems. The cationic LNCs were produced by a phase inversion process with a nominal size of 25 nm and subsequently modified with PEI chains using a transacylation reaction. The functionalization process allowed good control over the nanoscale particle size (26.2 ± 3.9 nm) with monodisperse size characteristics (PI < 0.2) and positive surface charge up to +18.7 mV. The PEI-modified LNCs (LNC25-T) displayed good buffering capacity. Moreover, the cationic LNC25-T were able to condense DNA and form complexes via electrostatic interactions in a typical weight ratio-dependent relationship. It was found that the mean diameter of LNC25-T/pDNA complexes increased to ∼40-50 nm with the LNC25-T/pDNA ratio from 1 to 500. Gel electrophoresis and cell viability experiments showed that the LNC25-T/pDNA complexes had high stability with no cytotoxicity due to the anchored PEI polymers on the surface of LNCs. Finally, the transfection efficiency of the LNC25-T/pDNA complexes was studied and evaluated on HEK cell lines in comparison with free PEI/pDNA polyplexes. The combination of cationic LNCs with pDNA exhibited more than a 2.8-fold increase in transfection efficiency compared to the standard free PEI/pDNA polyplexes at the same PEI concentrations. Moreover, we have demonstrated that LNC25-T/pDNA loaded with a hydrophobic drug, paclitaxel, showed high drug efficacy. The high transfection efficiency combined with the potential of simultaneous co-delivery of hydrophobic drugs, relatively small size of LNC25-T/pDNA complexes, and fluorescence imaging can be crucial for gene therapy, as small particle sizes may be more favorable for in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Skandrani
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire (IRI, USR CNRS 3078), Parc de la Haute Borne, 50 Avenue de Halley, BP 70478, 59658 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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22
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Calado SM, Oliveira AV, Machado S, Haase R, Silva GA. Sustained gene expression in the retina by improved episomal vectors. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:2692-8. [PMID: 24684370 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene and cellular therapies are nowadays part of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of diverse pathologies. The drawbacks associated with gene therapy-low levels of transgene expression, vector loss during mitosis, and gene silencing-need to be addressed. The pEPI-1 and pEPito family of vectors was developed to overcome these limitations. It contains a scaffold/matrix attachment region, which anchors its replication to cell division in eukaryotic cells while in an extrachromosomal state and is less prone to silencing, due to a lower number of CpG motifs. Recent success showed that ocular gene therapy is an important tool for the treatment of several diseases, pending the overcome of the aforementioned limitations. To achieve sustained gene delivery in the retina, we evaluated several vectors based on pEPito and pEPI-1 for their ability to sustain transgene expression in retinal cells. These vectors stably transfected and replicated in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Expression levels were promoter dependent with constitutive promoters cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter (CMV) and human CMV enhancer/human elongation factor 1 alpha promoter yielding the highest levels of transgene expression compared with the retina-specific RPE65 promoter. When injected in C57Bl6 mice, transgene expression was sustained for at least 32 days. Furthermore, the retina-specific RPE65 promoter showed higher efficiency in vivo compared to in vitro. In this study, we demonstrate that by combining tissue-specific promoters with a mitotic stable system, less susceptible to epigenetic silencing such as pEPito-based plasmids, we can achieve prolonged gene expression and a sustained therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia M Calado
- 1 Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve , Faro, Portugal
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23
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Verghese SC, Goloviznina NA, Skinner AM, Lipps HJ, Kurre P. S/MAR sequence confers long-term mitotic stability on non-integrating lentiviral vector episomes without selection. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:e53. [PMID: 24474068 PMCID: PMC3985655 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Insertional oncogene activation and aberrant splicing have proved to be major setbacks for retroviral stem cell gene therapy. Integrase-deficient human immunodeficiency virus-1-derived vectors provide a potentially safer approach, but their circular genomes are rapidly lost during cell division. Here we describe a novel lentiviral vector (LV) that incorporates human ß-interferon scaffold/matrix-associated region sequences to provide an origin of replication for long-term mitotic maintenance of the episomal LTR circles. The resulting 'anchoring' non-integrating lentiviral vector (aniLV) achieved initial transduction rates comparable with integrating vector followed by progressive establishment of long-term episomal expression in a subset of cells. Analysis of aniLV-transduced single cell-derived clones maintained without selective pressure for >100 rounds of cell division showed sustained transgene expression from episomes and provided molecular evidence for long-term episome maintenance. To evaluate aniLV performance in primary cells, we transduced lineage-depleted murine hematopoietic progenitor cells, observing GFP expression in clonogenic progenitor colonies and peripheral blood leukocyte chimerism following transplantation into conditioned hosts. In aggregate, our studies suggest that scaffold/matrix-associated region elements can serve as molecular anchors for non-integrating lentivector episomes, providing sustained gene expression through successive rounds of cell division and progenitor differentiation in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhosh Chakkaramakkil Verghese
- Department of Pediatrics, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA, Department of Surgery/Surgical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA, Center for Biomedical Education and Research, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten 58453, Germany, Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Natalya A. Goloviznina
- Department of Pediatrics, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA, Department of Surgery/Surgical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA, Center for Biomedical Education and Research, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten 58453, Germany, Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Amy M. Skinner
- Department of Pediatrics, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA, Department of Surgery/Surgical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA, Center for Biomedical Education and Research, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten 58453, Germany, Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Hans J. Lipps
- Department of Pediatrics, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA, Department of Surgery/Surgical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA, Center for Biomedical Education and Research, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten 58453, Germany, Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Peter Kurre
- Department of Pediatrics, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA, Department of Surgery/Surgical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA, Center for Biomedical Education and Research, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten 58453, Germany, Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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24
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Sun NF, Liu ZA, Huang WB, Tian AL, Hu SY. The research of nanoparticles as gene vector for tumor gene therapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2014; 89:352-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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25
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Minn I, Menezes ME, Sarkar S, Yarlagadda K, Das SK, Emdad L, Sarkar D, Fisher PB, Pomper MG. Molecular-genetic imaging of cancer. Adv Cancer Res 2014; 124:131-69. [PMID: 25287688 PMCID: PMC4339000 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-411638-2.00004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Molecular-genetic imaging of cancer using nonviral delivery systems has great potential for clinical application as a safe, efficient, noninvasive tool for visualization of various cellular processes including detection of cancer, and its attendant metastases. In recent years, significant effort has been expended in overcoming technical hurdles to enable clinical adoption of molecular-genetic imaging. This chapter will provide an introduction to the components of molecular-genetic imaging and recent advances on each component leading to safe, efficient clinical applications for detecting cancer. Combination with therapy, namely, generating molecular-genetic theranostic constructs, will provide further impetus for clinical translation of this promising technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Minn
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Siddik Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Keerthi Yarlagadda
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Swadesh K Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Martin G Pomper
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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26
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Zhang M, Xiong Q, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Shen W, Liu L, Wang Q, Zhang Q. A well-defined coil–comb polycationic brush with “star polymers” as side chains for gene delivery. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00311j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The well-defined polycationic brush with super-high grafting density of PDMAEMA showed higher transfection capability than the single star polymer and PEI25K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Xiong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| | - Yinsong Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Tianjin Medical University
- Tianjin 300070, P. R. China
| | - Zhibao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| | - Wei Shen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| | - Lingrong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| | - Quanyao Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Tianjin Medical University
- Tianjin 300070, P. R. China
| | - Qiqing Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology
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27
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Xu C, Niu Y, Popat A, Jambhrunkar S, Karmakar S, Yu C. Rod-like mesoporous silica nanoparticles with rough surfaces for enhanced cellular delivery. J Mater Chem B 2013; 2:253-256. [PMID: 32261504 DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21431a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Novel rod-like mesoporous silica nanoparticles with a rough surface have been prepared with 37% higher cellular uptake and drug delivery efficacy compared to their counterparts with a smooth surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Xu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The Univesity of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia.
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28
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Niu Y, Yu M, Hartono SB, Yang J, Xu H, Zhang H, Zhang J, Zou J, Dexter A, Gu W, Yu C. Nanoparticles mimicking viral surface topography for enhanced cellular delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:6233-7. [PMID: 23946251 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201302737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Novel silica nanoparticles mimicking virus surface topography are prepared. It is demonstrated that increases in nanoscale surface roughness promote both binding of biomolecules and cellular uptake; thus, the cellular delivery efficiency is significantly increased (scale bars 20 μm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Niu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Queensland, QLD, 4072, Australia
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29
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Nuclear interferon-inducible protein 16 promotes silencing of herpesviral and transfected DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:E4492-501. [PMID: 24198334 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1316194110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cells have evolved mechanisms to silence foreign DNA introduced by viruses or by transfection. Upon herpesviral infection of cells, the viral genome is chromatinized in an attempt by the host cell to restrict expression of the viral genome. HSV ICP0 acts to counter host-intrinsic and innate responses to viral infection. We have found that nuclear interferon (IFN)-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) acts as a restriction factor against ICP0-null herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) to limit viral replication and immediate-early gene expression. IFI16 promoted the addition of heterochromatin marks and the reduction of euchromatin marks on viral chromatin. IFI16 also restricted the expression of plasmid DNAs introduced by transfection but did not restrict SV40 DNA introduced into the cellular nucleus in the form of nucleosomal chromatin by viral infection. These results argue that IFI16 restricts unchromatinized DNA when it enters the cell nucleus by promoting the loading of nucleosomes and the addition of heterochromatin marks. Furthermore, these results indicate that IFI16 provides a broad surveillance role against viral and transfected DNA by promoting restriction of gene expression from the exogenous DNA and inducing innate immune responses.
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30
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Koirala A, Conley SM, Makkia R, Liu Z, Cooper MJ, Sparrow JR, Naash MI. Persistence of non-viral vector mediated RPE65 expression: case for viability as a gene transfer therapy for RPE-based diseases. J Control Release 2013; 172:745-52. [PMID: 24035979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.08.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) gene RPE65 are associated with multiple blinding diseases including Leber's Congenital Amaurosis (LCA). Our goal has been to develop persistent, effective non-viral genetic therapies to treat this condition. Using precisely engineered DNA vectors and high capacity compacted DNA nanoparticles (NP), we previously demonstrated that both plasmid and NP forms of VMD2-hRPE65-S/MAR improved the disease phenotypes in an rpe65(-/-) model of LCA up to 6 months post-injection (PI), however the duration of this treatment efficacy was not established. Here, we test the ability of these vectors to sustain gene expression and phenotypic improvement for the life of the animal. NPs or naked DNA were subretinally injected in rpe65(-/-) mice at postnatal day (P) 16 and evaluated at 15 months PI. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunofluorescence were performed at PI-15 months and demonstrated appreciable expression of transferred RPE65 (levels were 32% of wild-type [WT] for NPs and 44% of WT for naked DNA). No reduction in expression at the message level was observed from PI-6 month data. Spectral electroretinography (ERG) demonstrated significant improvement in cone ERG amplitudes in treated versus uninjected animals. Most importantly, we also observed reduced fundus autofluorescence in the eyes injected with NP and naked DNA compared to uninjected counterparts. Consistent with these observations, biochemical studies showed a reduction in the accumulation of toxic retinyl esters in treated mice, suggesting that the transferred hRPE65 was functional. These critical results indicate that both NP and uncompacted plasmid VMD2-hRPE65-S/MAR can mediate persistent, long-term improvement in an RPE-associated disease phenotype, and suggest that DNA NPs, which are non-toxic and have a large payload capacity, expand the treatment repertoire available for ocular gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarsha Koirala
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Boulevard, BMSB 781, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Koirala A, Conley SM, Naash MI. A review of therapeutic prospects of non-viral gene therapy in the retinal pigment epithelium. Biomaterials 2013; 34:7158-67. [PMID: 23796578 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Ocular gene therapy has been extensively explored in recent years as a therapeutic avenue to target diseases of the cornea, retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene therapy has shown promise in several RPE clinical trials but AAVs have limited payload capacity and potential immunogenicity. Traditionally however, non-viral alternatives have been plagued by low transfection efficiency, short-term expression and low expression levels. Recently, these drawbacks have begun to be overcome by the use of specialty carriers such as polylysine, liposomes, or polyethyleneimines, and by inclusion of suitable DNA elements to enhance gene expression and longevity. Recent advancements in the field have yielded non-viral vectors that have favorable safety profiles, lack immunogenicity, exhibit long-term elevated gene expression, and show efficient transfection in the retina and RPE, making them poised to transition to clinical applications. Here we discuss the advancements in nanotechnology and vector engineering that have improved the prospects for clinical application of non-viral gene therapy in the RPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarsha Koirala
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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32
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Dong A, Rivella S, Breda L. Gene therapy for hemoglobinopathies: progress and challenges. Transl Res 2013; 161:293-306. [PMID: 23337292 PMCID: PMC3716457 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobinopathies are genetic inherited conditions that originate from the lack or malfunction of the hemoglobin (Hb) protein. Sickle cell disease (SCD) and thalassemia are the most common forms of these conditions. The severe anemia combined with complications that arise in the most affected patients raises the necessity for a cure to restore hemoglobin function. The current routine therapies for these conditions, namely transfusion and iron chelation, have significantly improved the quality of life in patients over the years, but still fail to address the underlying cause of the diseases. A curative option, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is available, but limited by the availability of suitable donors and graft-vs-host disease. Gene therapy offers an alternative approach to cure patients with hemoglobinopathies and aims at the direct recovery of the hemoglobin function via globin gene transfer. In the last 2 decades, gene transfer tools based on lentiviral vector development have been significantly improved and proven curative in several animal models for SCD and thalassemia. As a result, clinical trials are in progress and 1 patient has been successfully treated with this approach. However, there are still frontiers to explore that might improve this approach: the stoichiometry between the transgenic hemoglobin and endogenous hemoglobin with respect to the different globin genetic mutations; donor cell sourcing, such as the use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs); and the use of safer gene insertion methods to prevent oncogenesis. With this review we will provide insights about (1) the different lentiviral gene therapy approaches in mouse models and human cells; (2) current and planned clinical trials; (3) hurdles to overcome for clinical trials, such as myeloablation toxicity, insertional oncogenesis, and high vector expression; and (4) future perspectives for gene therapy, including safe harbors and iPSCs technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Dong
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, New York, NY 10021, USA
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33
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Koirala A, Makkia RS, Conley SM, Cooper MJ, Naash MI. S/MAR-containing DNA nanoparticles promote persistent RPE gene expression and improvement in RPE65-associated LCA. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:1632-42. [PMID: 23335596 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in genes in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cause or contribute to debilitating ocular diseases, including Leber's congenital amaurosis (LCA). Genetic therapies, particularly adeno-associated viruses (AAVs), are a popular choice for monogenic diseases; however, the limited payload capacity of AAVs combined with the large number of retinal disease genes exceeding that capacity make the development of alternative delivery methods critical. Here, we test the ability of compacted DNA nanoparticles (NPs) containing a plasmid with a scaffold matrix attachment region (S/MAR) and vitelliform macular dystrophy 2 (VMD2) promoter to target the RPE, drive long-term, tissue-specific gene expression and mediate proof-of-principle rescue in the rpe65(-/-) model of LCA. We show that the S/MAR-containing plasmid exhibited reporter gene expression levels several fold higher than plasmid or NPs without S/MARs. Importantly, this expression was highly persistent, lasting up to 2 years (last timepoint studied). We therefore selected this plasmid for testing in the rpe65(-/-) mouse model and observe that NP or plasmid VMD2-hRPE65-S/MAR led to structural and functional improvements in the LCA disease phenotype. These results indicate that the non-viral delivery of hRPE65 vectors can result in persistent, therapeutically efficacious gene expression in the RPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarsha Koirala
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Boulevard, BMSB 781, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Jia L, Li Z, Zhang D, Zhang Q, Shen J, Guo H, Tian X, Liu G, Zheng D, Qi L. Redox-responsive catiomer based on PEG-ss-chitosan oligosaccharide-ss-polyethylenimine copolymer for effective gene delivery. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20781h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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35
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Cho CS. Design and Development of Degradable Polyethylenimines for Delivery of DNA and Small Interfering RNA: An Updated Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5402/2012/798247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Polyethylenimine (PEI), considered as the most potent and promising alternative carrier to viral vectors, has been studied as the “state of the art” among various polymers for nonviral gene delivery applications for many years. Although PEI-based carrier minimizes the bottlenecks associated with viral vectors such as unwanted immunogenicity and production problems, the toxic side effects of PEI prevent its rapid advancements due to nondegradable nature. In this regard, various degradable cross-linking and/or grafting agents have been linked to synthesize degradable PEIs in order to minimize the toxicity and improve the efficacy of PEI-mediated gene carriers. This paper describes an update on various cross-linkers and grafting agents in the design and development of degradable PEI derivatives and their potential applications for effective delivery of DNA in vitro and in vivo. The molecular weight (MW) of PEI and the structural relationship to its cellular toxicity and transfection ability were also discussed. Finally, the potential applications of various degradable PEIs for small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated gene silencing were also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
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36
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Zhou Y, Tang Z, Shi C, Shi S, Qian Z, Zhou S. Polyethylenimine functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as a potential non-viral vector for gene delivery. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2012; 23:2697-708. [PMID: 22826003 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-012-4720-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylenimine (PEI) functionalized magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized as a potential non-viral vector for gene delivery. The nanoparticles could provide the magnetic-targeting, and the cationic polymer PEI could condense DNA and avoid in vitro barriers. The magnetic nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, dynamic light scattering measurements, transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer and atomic force microscopy. Agarose gel electrophoresis was used to asses DNA binding and perform a DNase I protection assay. The Alamar blue assay was used to evaluate negative effects on the metabolic activity of cells incubated with PEI modified magnetic nanoparticles and their complexes with DNA both in the presence or absence of an external magnetic field. Flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy were also performed to investigate the transfection efficiency of the DNA-loaded magnetic nanoparticles in A549 and B16-F10 tumor cells with (+M) or without (-M) the magnetic field. The in vitro transfection efficiency of magnetic nanoparticles was improved obviously in a permanent magnetic field. Therefore, the magnetic nanoparticles show considerable potential as nanocarriers for gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangbo Zhou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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37
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Argyros O, Wong SP, Gowers K, Harbottle RP. Genetic modification of cancer cells using non-viral, episomal S/MAR vectors for in vivo tumour modelling. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47920. [PMID: 23110132 PMCID: PMC3482240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of genetically marked animal tumour xenografts is an area of ongoing research to enable easier and more reliable testing of cancer therapies. Genetically marked tumour models have a number of advantages over conventional tumour models, including the easy longitudinal monitoring of therapies and the reduced number of animals needed for trials. Several different methods have been used in previous studies to mark tumours genetically, however all have limitations, such as genotoxicity and other artifacts related to the usage of integrating viral vectors. Recently, we have generated an episomally maintained plasmid DNA (pDNA) expression system based on Scaffold/Matrix Attachment Region (S/MAR), which permits long-term luciferase transgene expression in the mouse liver. Here we describe a further usage of this pDNA vector with the human Ubiquitin C promoter to create stably transfected human hepatoma (Huh7) and human Pancreatic Carcinoma (MIA-PaCa2) cell lines, which were delivered into “immune deficient” mice and monitored longitudinally over time using a bioluminometer. Both cell lines revealed sustained episomal long-term luciferase expression and formation of a tumour showing the pathological characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and pancreatic carcinoma (PaCa), respectively. This is the first demonstration that a pDNA vector can confer sustained episomal luciferase transgene expression in various mouse tumour models and can thus be readily utilised to follow tumour formation without interfering with the cellular genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orestis Argyros
- Gene Therapy Research Group, Section of Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suet Ping Wong
- Gene Therapy Research Group, Section of Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Gowers
- Gene Therapy Research Group, Section of Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Paul Harbottle
- Gene Therapy Research Group, Section of Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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38
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Cim A, Sawyer GJ, Zhang X, Su H, Collins L, Jones P, Antoniou M, Reynes JP, Lipps HJ, Fabre JW. In vivo studies on non-viral transdifferentiation of liver cells towards pancreatic β cells. J Endocrinol 2012; 214:277-88. [PMID: 22685335 DOI: 10.1530/joe-12-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Transdifferentiation in vivo is an attractive option for autologous replacement of pancreatic β cells in patients with type 1 diabetes. It has been achieved by adenoviral delivery of genes for transcription factors in the liver and pancreas of hyperglycaemic mice. However, these viral approaches are not clinically applicable. We used the hydrodynamic approach to deliver genes Pdx1, Ngn3 (Neurog3) and MafA singly and in combination to livers of normoglycaemic rats. Five expression plasmids were evaluated. Livers were removed 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after gene delivery and assayed by quantitative PCR, semi-quantitative PCR and immunohistology. Functional studies on hyperglycaemic rats were performed. The highest and most sustained expression was from a CpG-depleted plasmid (pCpG) and a plasmid with an in-frame scaffold/matrix attachment region ((pEPI(CMV)). When Pdx1, Ngn3 and MafA were delivered together to normoglycaemic rats with these plasmids, insulin mRNA was detected at all time points and was ~50-fold higher with pCpG. Insulin mRNA content of livers at days 3 and 7 was equivalent to that of a pancreas, with scattered insulin-positive cells detected by immunohistology, but levels declined thereafter. Prohormone convertase 1/3 was elevated at days 3 and 7. In hyperglycaemic rats, fasting blood glucose was lower at days 1, 3 and 7 but not thereafter, and body weight was maintained to day 28. We conclude that hydrodynamic gene delivery of multiple transcription factors to rat liver can initiate transdifferentiation to pancreatic β cells, but the process is reversible and probably requires more sustained transcription factor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Cim
- Department of Hepatology and Transplantation, King's College London School of Medicine, James Black Centre, London SE5 9NU, UK
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39
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Hagedorn C, Baiker A, Postberg J, Ehrhardt A, Lipps HJ. A colony-forming assay for determining the establishment efficiency of S/MAR-containing nonviral episomal expression vectors. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2012; 2012:706-8. [PMID: 22661431 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot069500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
As with all eukaryotic replicons, the stable establishment of S/MAR (scaffold/matrix attached region) vectors is a stochastic event that depends on poorly understood epigenetic factors such as chromatin structure and nuclear localization. Establishment efficiency describes the percentage of cells in which a particular S/MAR vector is stably retained as an episome after an initial selection period. Expected establishment efficiency for S/MAR vectors is 1-5%. This article describes a colony-forming assay that may be used either to determine establishment efficiency or to generate single cell clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Hagedorn
- Centre for Biomedical Education and Research, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Witten/Herdecke, 58453 Witten, Germany
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40
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Wang JL, Tang GP, Shen J, Hu QL, Xu FJ, Wang QQ, Li ZH, Yang WT. A gene nanocomplex conjugated with monoclonal antibodies for targeted therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomaterials 2012; 33:4597-607. [PMID: 22469295 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To enhance tumor-targeting abilities and therapeutic efficiency, a monoclonal antibody-conjugated gene nanocomplex was herein designed. The biodegradable cationic polyethylenimine-grafted-α,β-poly(N-3-hydroxypropyl)-DL-aspartamide (PHPA-PEI) was used for complexing pDNA to form the PHPA-PEI/pDNA nanoparticle, and then 9B9 mAb, an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) monoclonal antibody, was conjugated to produce the PHPA-PEI/pDNA/9B9 mAb (PP9mN) complex. The PP9mN complex with the diameter of around 300 nm at its optimal weight ratio could be uptaken effectively by SMMC-7721 cells. The cytotoxicity of the PP9mN complex was much lower than that of PEI 25 kD in SMMC-7721, HepG2, Bel-7404 and COS-7 cell lines. The PP9mN complex possessed the highly efficient in vitro gene delivery ability to the hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The in vivo gene expression indicated that PP9mN could target to the tumor tissues effectively. By using the therapeutic AChE gene, it was found that the PP9mN complexes significantly enhanced the anti-tumor effect on tumor-bearing nude mice. Such monoclonal antibody-conjugated gene complex should have great potential applications in liver cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Wang
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, PR China
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41
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Hsu CYM, Uludağ H. Nucleic-acid based gene therapeutics: delivery challenges and modular design of nonviral gene carriers and expression cassettes to overcome intracellular barriers for sustained targeted expression. J Drug Target 2012; 20:301-28. [PMID: 22303844 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2012.655247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of nucleic acid molecules into cells to alter physiological functions at the genetic level is a powerful approach to treat a wide range of inherited and acquired disorders. Biocompatible materials such as cationic polymers, lipids, and peptides are being explored as safer alternatives to viral gene carriers. However, the comparatively low efficiency of nonviral carriers currently hampers their translation into clinical settings. Controlling the size and stability of carrier/nucleic acid complexes is one of the primary hurdles as the physicochemical properties of the complexes can define the uptake pathways, which dictate intracellular routing, endosomal processing, and nucleocytoplasmic transport. In addition to nuclear import, subnuclear trafficking, posttranscriptional events, and immune responses can further limit transfection efficiency. Chemical moieties, reactive linkers or signal peptide have been conjugated to carriers to prevent aggregation, induce membrane destabilization and localize to subcellular compartments. Genetic elements can be inserted into the expression cassette to facilitate nuclear targeting, delimit expression to targeted tissue, and modulate transgene expression. The modular option afforded by both gene carriers and expression cassettes provides a two-tier multicomponent delivery system that can be optimized for targeted gene delivery in a variety of settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Yu Ming Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Cananda
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42
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Nanoparticles for Gene Delivery into Stem Cells and Embryos. MULTIFACETED DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF BIOPOLYMERS FOR BIOLOGY, BIOMEDICINE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2012_194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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43
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Sjeklocha LM, Park CW, Wong PYP, Roney MJ, Belcher JD, Kaufman DS, Vercellotti GM, Hebbel RP, Steer CJ. Erythroid-specific expression of β-globin from Sleeping Beauty-transduced human hematopoietic progenitor cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e29110. [PMID: 22216176 PMCID: PMC3247234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy for sickle cell disease will require efficient delivery of a tightly regulated and stably expressed gene product to provide an effective therapy. In this study we utilized the non-viral Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system using the SB100X hyperactive transposase to transduce human cord blood CD34(+) cells with DsRed and a hybrid IHK-β-globin transgene. IHK transduced cells were successfully differentiated into multiple lineages which all showed transgene integration. The mature erythroid cells had an increased β-globin to γ-globin ratio from 0.66±0.08 to 1.05±0.12 (p=0.05), indicating expression of β-globin from the integrated SB transgene. IHK-β-globin mRNA was found in non-erythroid cell types, similar to native β-globin mRNA that was also expressed at low levels. Additional studies in the hematopoietic K562 cell line confirmed the ability of cHS4 insulator elements to protect DsRed and IHK-β-globin transgenes from silencing in long-term culture studies. Insulated transgenes had statistically significant improvement in the maintenance of long term expression, while preserving transgene regulation. These results support the use of Sleeping Beauty vectors in carrying an insulated IHK-β-globin transgene for gene therapy of sickle cell disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas M. Sjeklocha
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Chang-Won Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Phillip Y-P Wong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Mark J. Roney
- Vascular Biology Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - John D. Belcher
- Vascular Biology Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Dan S. Kaufman
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Gregory M. Vercellotti
- Vascular Biology Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Robert P. Hebbel
- Vascular Biology Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Clifford J. Steer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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44
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Sjeklocha L, Chen Y, Daly MC, Steer CJ, Kren BT. β-globin matrix attachment region improves stable genomic expression of the Sleeping Beauty transposon. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112:2361-2375. [PMID: 21520245 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The liver is an attractive target for gene therapy due to its extensive capability for protein production and the numerous diseases resulting from a loss of gene function it normally provides. The Sleeping Beauty Transposon (SB-Tn)(1) system is a non-viral vector capable of delivering and mediating therapeutic transgene(s) insertion into the host genome for long-term expression. A current challenge for this system is the low efficiency of integration of the transgene. In this study we use a human hepatoma cell line (HuH-7) and primary human blood outgrowth endothelial cells (BOECs) to test vectors containing DNA elements to enhance transposition without integrating themselves. We employed the human β-globin matrix attachment region (MAR) and the Simian virus 40 (SV40) nuclear translocation signal to increase the percent of HuH-7 cells persistently expressing a GFP::Zeo reporter construct by ∼50% for each element; while combining both did not show an additive effect. Interestingly, both elements together displayed an additive effect on the number of insertion sites, and in BOECs the SV40 alone appeared to have an inhibitory effect on transposition. In long-term cultures the loss of plasmid DNA, transposase expression and mapping of insertion sites demonstrated bona fide transposition without episomal expression. These results show that addition of the β-globin MAR and potentially other elements to the backbone of SB-Tn system can enhance transposition and expression of therapeutic transgenes. These findings may have a significant influence on the use of SB transgene delivery to liver for the treatment of a wide variety of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Sjeklocha
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455
| | - Yixin Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455
| | - Meghan C Daly
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455
| | - Clifford J Steer
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455
| | - Betsy T Kren
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455
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Zhang Z, Fang X, Hao J, Li Y, Sha X. Triolein-based polycation lipid nanocarrier for efficient gene delivery: characteristics and mechanism. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:2235-44. [PMID: 22114487 PMCID: PMC3215164 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s24720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We proposed to develop a polycation lipid nanocarrier (PLN) with higher transfection efficiency than our previously described polycation nanostrucutred lipid nanocarrier (PNLC). PLN was composed of triolein, cetylated low-molecular-weight polyethylenimine, and dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine. The physicochemical properties of PLN and the PLN/DNA complexes (PDC) were characterized. The in vitro transfection was performed in human lung adenocarcinoma (SPC-A1) cells, and the intracellular mechanism was investigated as well. The measurements indicated that PLN and PDC are homogenous nanometer-sized particles with a positive charge. The transfection efficiency of PDC significantly increased with the content of triolein and was higher than that of PNLC and commercial Lipofectamine™ 2000. In particular, the transfection of PLN in the presence of 10% serum was more effective than that in its absence. With the help of specific inhibitors of chlorpromazine and filipin, the clathrin-dependent endocytosis pathway was determined to be the main contributor to the successful transfection mediated by PLN in SPC-A1 cells. The captured images verified that the fluorescent PDC was localized in the lysosomes and nuclei after endocytosis. Thus, PLN represents a novel efficient nonviral gene delivery vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education and PLA, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Hagedorn C, Wong SP, Harbottle R, Lipps HJ. Scaffold/Matrix Attached Region-Based Nonviral Episomal Vectors. Hum Gene Ther 2011; 22:915-23. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2011.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Hagedorn
- Centre for Biomedical Education and Research, Institute of Cell Biology, University Witten/Herdecke, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Suet-Ping Wong
- Gene Therapy Research Group, Section of Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Harbottle
- Gene Therapy Research Group, Section of Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Hans J. Lipps
- Centre for Biomedical Education and Research, Institute of Cell Biology, University Witten/Herdecke, 58453 Witten, Germany
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Specific berenil–DNA interactions: An approach for separation of plasmid isoforms by pseudo-affinity chromatography. Anal Biochem 2011; 412:153-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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48
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Cai J, Yue Y, Rui D, Zhang Y, Liu S, Wu C. Effect of Chain Length on Cytotoxicity and Endocytosis of Cationic Polymers. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma102498g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinge Cai
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Yanan Yue
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Deng Rui
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
- The Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, The University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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Binder C, Read SP, Cashman SM, Kumar-Singh R. Nuclear targeted delivery of macromolecules to retina and cornea. J Gene Med 2011; 13:158-70. [PMID: 21344542 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) can deliver molecules into cells by binding and penetrating the plasma membrane. However, the majority of CPPs get trapped in endosomes, resulting in degradation of the cargo molecule and inefficient delivery to the nucleus. The present study investigates the potential use of a nucleolin binding peptide (NBP) for the delivery of macromolecules including fluorophores, recombinant protein and DNA to the nuclei of ocular tissues in vivo. METHODS Fluorescent dyes covalently linked to NBP or NBP-green fluorescent protein fusion protein were injected intravitreally or subretinally or topically applied to the cornea. Frozen sections were prepared for quantification of transduction. Delivery of plasmid DNA was studied using luciferase and LacZ DNA compacted with pegylated NBP. Levels of luciferase were quantified, and LacZ expression was localized in ocular tissues. RESULTS We found that NBP-directed fluorophores exhibited retinal and corneal transduction. Subretinal injection transduced cell types throughout the retina, including photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium and neuronal cells. Intravitreal injection transduced neuronal cells in the retina, as well as cells in the cornea. Topically applied NBP lead to transduction of the superficial epithelial layer of the cornea. NBP localized to the nucleus upon exogenous application in vivo. Pegylated NBP nanoparticles significantly improved delivery and expression of transgenes over DNA alone without any measureable toxicity. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in the present study demonstrate that NBP can deliver small and large molecules into retinal and corneal cells and plasmid DNA into retinal cells and hence may be useful for the delivery of therapeutics to the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Binder
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Argyros O, Wong SP, Fedonidis C, Tolmachov O, Waddington SN, Howe SJ, Niceta M, Coutelle C, Harbottle RP. Development of S/MAR minicircles for enhanced and persistent transgene expression in the mouse liver. J Mol Med (Berl) 2011; 89:515-29. [PMID: 21301798 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-010-0713-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We have previously described the development of a scaffold/matrix attachment region (S/MAR) episomal vector system for in vivo application and demonstrated its utility to sustain transgene expression in the mouse liver for at least 6 months following a single administration. Subsequently, we observed that transgene expression is sustained for the lifetime of the animal. The level of expression, however, does drop appreciably over time. We hypothesised that by eliminating the bacterial components in our vectors, we could improve their performance since bacterial sequences have been shown to be responsible for the immunotoxicity of the vector and the silencing of its expression when applied in vivo. We describe here the development of a minimally sized S/MAR vector, which is devoid of extraneous bacterial sequences. This minicircle vector comprises an expression cassette and an S/MAR moiety, providing higher and more sustained transgene expression for several months in the absence of selection, both in vitro and in vivo. In contrast to the expression of our original S/MAR plasmid vector, the novel S/MAR minicircle vectors mediate increased transgene expression, which becomes sustained at about twice the levels observed immediately after administration. These promising results demonstrate the utility of minimally sized S/MAR vectors for persistent, atoxic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orestis Argyros
- Gene Therapy Research Group, Section of Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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