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Rengganaten V, Huang CJ, Wang ML, Chien Y, Tsai PH, Lan YT, Ong HT, Chiou SH, Choo KB. Circular RNA ZNF800 (hsa_circ_0082096) regulates cancer stem cell properties and tumor growth in colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1088. [PMID: 37950151 PMCID: PMC10636831 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11571-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells form a rare cell population in tumors that contributes to metastasis, recurrence and chemoresistance in cancer patients. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression that sponge targeted microRNA (miRNAs) to affect a multitude of downstream cellular processes. We previously showed in an expression profiling study that circZNF800 (hsa_circ_0082096) was up-regulated in cancer stem cell-enriched spheroids derived from colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines. METHODS Spheroids were generated in suspension spheroidal culture. The ZNF800 mRNA, pluripotency stem cell markers and circZNF800 levels were determined by quantitative RT-PCR. CircZNF800-miRNA interactions were shown in RNA pulldown assays and the miRNA levels determined by stem-loop qRT-PCR. The effects of circZNF800 on cell proliferation were tested by EdU staining followed by flowcytometry. Expression of stem cell markers CD44/CD133, Lgr5 and SOX9 was demonstrated in immunofluorescence microscopy. To manipulate the cellular levels of circZNF800, circZNF800 over-expression was achieved via transfection of in vitro synthesized and circularized circZNF800, and knockdown attained using a CRISPR-Cas13d-circZNF800 vector system. Xenografted nude mice were used to demonstrate effects of circZNF800 over-expression and knockdown on tumor growth in vivo. RESULTS CircZNF800 was shown to be over-expressed in late-stage tumor tissues of CRC patients. Data showed that circZNF800 impeded expression of miR-140-3p, miR-382-5p and miR-579-3p while promoted the mRNA levels of ALK/ACVR1C, FZD3 and WNT5A targeted by the miRNAs, as supported by alignments of seed sequences between the circZNF800-miRNA, and miRNA-mRNA paired interactions. Analysis in CRC cells and biopsied tissues showed that circZNF800 positively regulated the expression of intestinal stem cell, pluripotency and cancer stem cell markers, and promoted CRC cell proliferation, spheroid and colony formation in vitro, all of which are cancer stem cell properties. In xenografted mice, circZNF800 over-expression promoted tumor growth, while circZNF800 knockdown via administration of CRISPR Cas13d-circZNF800 viral particles at the CRC tumor sites impeded tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS CircZNF800 is an oncogenic factor that regulate cancer stem cell properties to lead colorectal tumorigenesis, and may be used as a predictive marker for tumor progression and the CRISPR Cas13d-circZNF800 knockdown strategy for therapeutic intervention of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimalan Rengganaten
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Postgraduate Program, M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000, Kajang, Malaysia
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Jung Huang
- Department of Animal Science & Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Lien Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yueh Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hsing Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Tzu Lan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
- Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Hooi Tin Ong
- Centre for Cancer Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sg Long, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Kong Bung Choo
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sg Long, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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2
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Joshi PRH, Bernier A, Moço PD, Schrag J, Chahal PS, Kamen A. Development of a scalable and robust AEX method for enriched rAAV preparations in genome-containing VCs of serotypes 5, 6, 8, and 9. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2021; 21:341-356. [PMID: 33898632 PMCID: PMC8056178 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Removal of empty capsids from adeno-associated virus (AAV) manufacturing lots remains a critical step in the downstream processing of AAV clinical-grade batches. Because of similar physico-chemical characteristics, the AAV capsid populations totally lacking or containing partial viral DNA are difficult to separate from the desired vector capsid populations. Based on minute differences in density, ultracentrifugation remains the most effective separation method and has been extensively used at small scale but has limitations associated with availabilities and operational complexities in large-scale processing. In this paper, we report a scalable, robust, and versatile anion-exchange chromatography (AEX) method for removing empty capsids and subsequent enrichment of vectors of AAV serotypes 5, 6, 8, and 9. On average, AEX resulted in about 9-fold enrichment of AAV5 in a single step containing 80% ± 5% genome-containing vector capsids, as verified and quantified by analytical ultracentrifugation. The optimized process was further validated using AAV6, AAV8, and AAV9, resulting in over 90% vector enrichment. The AEX process showed comparable results not only for vectors with different transgenes of different sizes but also for AEX runs under different geometries of chromatographic media. The herein-reported sulfate-salt-based AEX process can be adapted to different AAV serotypes by appropriately adjusting elution conditions to achieve enriched vector preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav R H Joshi
- Viral Vectors and Vaccine Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alice Bernier
- Viral Vectors and Vaccine Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pablo D Moço
- Viral Vectors and Vaccine Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Joseph Schrag
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Parminder S Chahal
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amine Kamen
- Viral Vectors and Vaccine Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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3
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Gan X, Chopp M, Xin H, Wang F, Golembieski W, Lu M, He L, Liu Z. Targeted tPA overexpression in denervated spinal motor neurons promotes stroke recovery in mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:92-104. [PMID: 31987011 PMCID: PMC7747163 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20901686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies demonstrated that axonal remodeling of the corticospinal tract (CST) contributes to neurological recovery after stroke in rodents. The present study employed a novel non-invasive peripheral approach, to over-express tPA in denervated spinal motor neurons via recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) intramuscular injection in transgenic mice subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo), in which the CST axons are specifically and completely labeled with yellow fluorescent protein (YFP). One day after surgery, mice were randomly selected to receive saline, AAV5-RFP, or tPA (1 × 1010 viral particles) injected into the stroke-impaired forelimb muscles (n = 10/group). Functional deficits and recovery were monitored with foot-fault and single pellet reaching tests. At day 28 after MCAo, mice received intramuscular injection of PRV-614-mRFP (1.52 × 107 pfu) as above, and were euthanized four days later. Compared with saline or AAV-RFP-treated mice, AAV-tPA significantly enhanced behavioral recovery (p < 0.01, both tests), as well as increased CST axonal density in the denervated gray matter of the cervical cord (p < 0.001), and RFP-positive pyramidal neurons in both ipsilesional and contralesional cortices (p < 0.001). Behavioral outcomes were significantly correlated to neural remodeling (p < 0.05). Our results provide a fundamental basis for the development of therapeutic approaches aimed at promoting corticospinal innervation for stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinling Gan
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.,Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Hongqi Xin
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Fengjie Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Mei Lu
- Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Li He
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Zhongwu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
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Jang TM, Lee JH, Zhou H, Joo J, Lim BH, Cheng H, Kim SH, Kang IS, Lee KS, Park E, Hwang SW. Expandable and implantable bioelectronic complex for analyzing and regulating real-time activity of the urinary bladder. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/46/eabc9675. [PMID: 33177091 PMCID: PMC7673729 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc9675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Underactive bladder or detrusor underactivity (DUA), that is, not being able to micturate, has received less attention with little research and remains unknown or limited on pathological causes and treatments as opposed to overactive bladder, although the syndrome may pose a risk of urinary infections or life-threatening kidney damage. Here, we present an integrated expandable electronic and optoelectronic complex that behaves as a single body with the elastic, time-dynamic urinary bladder with substantial volume changes up to ~300%. The system configuration of the electronics validated by the theoretical model allows conformal, seamless integration onto the urinary bladder without a glue or suture, enabling precise monitoring with various electrical components for real-time status and efficient optogenetic manipulation for urination at the desired time. In vivo experiments using diabetic DUA models demonstrate the possibility for practical uses of high-fidelity electronics in clinical trials associated with the bladder and other elastic organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Min Jang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Hoon Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Honglei Zhou
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Jaesun Joo
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Smart Healthcare Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Hee Lim
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Huanyu Cheng
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Soo Hyun Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Suk Kang
- National NanoFab Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Sung Lee
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Smart Healthcare Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Device Management and Research, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunkyoung Park
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Smart Healthcare Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Medical Device Management and Research, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Won Hwang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Han Q, Ordaz JD, Liu NK, Richardson Z, Wu W, Xia Y, Qu W, Wang Y, Dai H, Zhang YP, Shields CB, Smith GM, Xu XM. Descending motor circuitry required for NT-3 mediated locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury in mice. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5815. [PMID: 31862889 PMCID: PMC6925225 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13854-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Locomotor function, mediated by lumbar neural circuitry, is modulated by descending spinal pathways. Spinal cord injury (SCI) interrupts descending projections and denervates lumbar motor neurons (MNs). We previously reported that retrogradely transported neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) to lumbar MNs attenuated SCI-induced lumbar MN dendritic atrophy and enabled functional recovery after a rostral thoracic contusion. Here we functionally dissected the role of descending neural pathways in response to NT-3-mediated recovery after a T9 contusive SCI in mice. We find that residual projections to lumbar MNs are required to produce leg movements after SCI. Next, we show that the spared descending propriospinal pathway, rather than other pathways (including the corticospinal, rubrospinal, serotonergic, and dopaminergic pathways), accounts for NT-3-enhanced recovery. Lastly, we show that NT-3 induced propriospino-MN circuit reorganization after the T9 contusion via promotion of dendritic regrowth rather than prevention of dendritic atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Han
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Josue D Ordaz
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Nai-Kui Liu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Zoe Richardson
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Yongzhi Xia
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Wenrui Qu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Heqiao Dai
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Yi Ping Zhang
- Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Christopher B Shields
- Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - George M Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Center for Neural Rehabilitation and Repair, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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6
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Joshi PR, Cervera L, Ahmed I, Kondratov O, Zolotukhin S, Schrag J, Chahal PS, Kamen AA. Achieving High-Yield Production of Functional AAV5 Gene Delivery Vectors via Fedbatch in an Insect Cell-One Baculovirus System. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2019; 13:279-289. [PMID: 30886878 PMCID: PMC6404649 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite numerous advancements in production protocols, manufacturing AAV to meet exceptionally high demand (1016–1017 viral genomes [VGs]) in late clinical stages and for eventual systemic delivery poses significant challenges. Here, we report an efficient, simple, scalable, robust AAV5 production process utilizing the most recent modification of the OneBac platform. An increase in volumetric yield of genomic particles by ∼6-fold and functional particles by ∼20-fold was achieved by operating a high-cell-density process in shake flasks and bioreactors that involves an Sf9-based rep/cap stable cell line grown at a density of about 10 million cells/mL infected with a single baculovirus. The overall volumetric yields of genomic (VG) and bioactive particles (enhanced transducing units [ETUs]) in representative fedbatch bioreactor runs ranged from 2.5 to 3.5 × 1014 VG/L and from 1 to 2 × 1011 ETU/L. Analytical ultracentrifugation analyses of affinity-purified AAV vector samples from side-by-side batch and fedbatch production runs showed vector preparations with a full and empty particle distribution of 20%–30% genomic and 70%–80% empty particles. Moreover, the stoichiometric analysis of capsid proteins from fedbatch production in shake flask and bioreactor run samples demonstrated the incorporation of higher VP1 subunits, resulting in better functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav R.H. Joshi
- Viral Vectors and Vaccine Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Laura Cervera
- Viral Vectors and Vaccine Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Ibrahim Ahmed
- Viral Vectors and Vaccine Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Oleksandr Kondratov
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Sergei Zolotukhin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Joseph Schrag
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Parminder S. Chahal
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Amine A. Kamen
- Viral Vectors and Vaccine Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada
- Corresponding author: Amine Kamen, Viral Vectors and Vaccine Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada.
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Cabanes-Creus M, Ginn SL, Amaya AK, Liao SHY, Westhaus A, Hallwirth CV, Wilmott P, Ward J, Dilworth KL, Santilli G, Rybicki A, Nakai H, Thrasher AJ, Filip AC, Alexander IE, Lisowski L. Codon-Optimization of Wild-Type Adeno-Associated Virus Capsid Sequences Enhances DNA Family Shuffling while Conserving Functionality. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2018; 12:71-84. [PMID: 30534580 PMCID: PMC6279885 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors have become one of the most widely used gene transfer tools in human gene therapy. Considerable effort is currently being focused on AAV capsid engineering strategies with the aim of developing novel variants with enhanced tropism for specific human cell types, decreased human seroreactivity, and increased manufacturability. Selection strategies based on directed evolution rely on the generation of highly variable AAV capsid libraries using methods such as DNA-family shuffling, a technique reliant on stretches of high DNA sequence identity between input parental capsid sequences. This identity dependence for reassembly of shuffled capsids is inherently limiting and results in decreased shuffling efficiency as the phylogenetic distance between parental AAV capsids increases. To overcome this limitation, we have developed a novel codon-optimization algorithm that exploits evolutionarily defined codon usage at each amino acid residue in the parental sequences. This method increases average sequence identity between capsids, while enhancing the probability of retaining capsid functionality, and facilitates incorporation of phylogenetically distant serotypes into the DNA-shuffled libraries. This technology will help accelerate the discovery of an increasingly powerful repertoire of AAV capsid variants for cell-type and disease-specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marti Cabanes-Creus
- Translational Vectorology Group, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Samantha L Ginn
- Gene Therapy Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Anais K Amaya
- Gene Therapy Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sophia H Y Liao
- Translational Vectorology Group, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Gene Therapy Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Adrian Westhaus
- Translational Vectorology Group, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Claus V Hallwirth
- Gene Therapy Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Patrick Wilmott
- Translational Vectorology Group, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jason Ward
- Translational Vectorology Group, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Kimberley L Dilworth
- Vector and Genome Engineering Facility, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Giorgia Santilli
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Arkadiusz Rybicki
- Vector and Genome Engineering Facility, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Hiroyuki Nakai
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Adrian J Thrasher
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Adrian C Filip
- Translational Vectorology Group, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ian E Alexander
- Gene Therapy Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Leszek Lisowski
- Translational Vectorology Group, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Vector and Genome Engineering Facility, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, The Biological Threats Identification and Countermeasure Centre, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
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8
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Neutralizing Anti-Hemagglutinin Monoclonal Antibodies Induced by Gene-Based Transfer Have Prophylactic and Therapeutic Effects on Influenza Virus Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2018; 6:vaccines6030035. [PMID: 29949942 PMCID: PMC6161145 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines6030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza virus is a major target for vaccines. HA initiates the internalization of the virus into the host cell by binding to host sialic acid receptors; therefore, inhibition of HA can significantly prevent influenza virus infection. However, the high diversity of HA permits the influenza virus to escape from host immunity. Moreover, the vaccine efficacy is poor in some high-risk populations (e.g., elderly or immunocompromised patients). Passive immunization with anti-HA monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is an attractive therapy; however, this method has high production costs and requires repeated inoculations. To address these issues, several methods for long-term expression of mAb against influenza virus have been developed. Here, we provide an overview of methods using plasmid and viral adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors that have been modified for higher expression of neutralizing antibodies in the host. We also examine two methods of injection, electro-transfer and hydrodynamic injection. Our results show that antibody gene transfer is effective against influenza virus infection even in immunocompromised mice, and antibody expression was detected in the serum and upper respiratory tract. We also demonstrate this method to be effective following influenza virus infection. Finally, we discuss the perspective of passive immunization with antibody gene transfer for future clinical trials.
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9
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Jergova S, Gordon CE, Gajavelli S, Sagen J. Experimental Gene Therapy with Serine-Histogranin and Endomorphin 1 for the Treatment of Chronic Neuropathic Pain. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:406. [PMID: 29276474 PMCID: PMC5727090 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The insufficient pain relief provided by current pharmacotherapy for chronic neuropathic pain is a serious medical problem. The enhanced glutamate signaling via NMDA receptors appears to be one of the key events in the development of chronic pain. Although effective, clinical use of systemic NMDA antagonists is limited by adverse effects such as hallucinations and motor dysfunction. Opioids are also potent analgesics but their chronic use is accompanied by tolerance and risk of addiction. However, combination of NMDA antagonists and opioids seems to provide a stable pain relieve at subthreshold doses of both substances, eliminating development of side effects. Our previous research showed that combined delivery of NMDA antagonist Serine histrogranin (SHG) and endomorphin1 (EM1) leads to attenuation of acute and chronic pain. The aim of this study was to design and evaluate an analgesic potency of the gene construct encoding SHG and EM1. Constructs with 1SHG copy in combination with EM1, 1SHG/EM1, and 6SHG/EM1 were intraspinally injected to animals with peripheral nerve injury-induced pain (chronic constriction injury, CCI) or spinal cord injury induced pain (clip compression model, SCI) and tactile and cold allodynia were evaluated. AAV2/8 particles were used for gene delivery. The results demonstrated 6SHG/EM1 as the most efficient for alleviation of pain-related behavior. The effect was observed up to 8 weeks in SCI animals, suggesting the lack of tolerance of possible synergistic effect between SHG and EM1. Intrathecal injection of SHG antibody or naloxone attenuated the analgesic effect in treated animals. Biochemical and histochemical evaluation confirmed the presence of both peptides in the spinal tissue. The results of this study showed that the injection of AAV vectors encoding combined SHG/EM constructs can provide long term attenuation of pain without overt adverse side effects. This approach may provide better treatment options for patients suffering from chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislava Jergova
- The Miami Project, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Catherine E Gordon
- The Miami Project, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Shyam Gajavelli
- The Miami Project, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Jacqueline Sagen
- The Miami Project, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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