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Ito H, Tomura Y, Kitagawa Y, Nakashima T, Kobanawa S, Uki K, Oshida J, Kodama T, Fukui S, Kobayashi D. Effects of probiotics on sleep parameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 63:623-630. [PMID: 39094854 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
AIM Although sleep is essential for maintaining good health and well-being, sleep disorders are becoming increasingly prevalent. Probiotics may play a role in sleep regulation; therefore, this study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the effects of probiotics on sleep parameters. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses methodology. Relevant placebo-controlled randomized controlled trials examining the effects of probiotics on sleep outcomes were identified through systematic searches in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Ichushi databases. Data were extracted from eligible studies and the risk of bias was assessed. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the effects of probiotics on various sleep-related variables. RESULTS Fifteen randomized controlled trials were included in this review. The decrease in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores in the probiotics group was significantly lower than that in the placebo group after 4-6 weeks and 8-16 weeks, indicating improved sleep quality. The Oguri-Shirakawa-Azumi (OSA) sleep inventory score was also decreased in the probiotics group for Factor 1 "sleepiness on rising" and Factor 4 "refreshing," indicating improved sleep quality. Some studies however, showed a risk of bias. CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis indicated that probiotics may improve sleep quality, as measured by the PSQI and OSA sleep inventory. However, further research is needed to better understand the effects of probiotics on specific sleep parameters and address the limitations of existing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ito
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Inashiki, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Yuna Tomura
- Tokyo Medical University Library, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Kitagawa
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Inashiki, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toshiya Nakashima
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Inashiki, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kobanawa
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Inashiki, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kento Uki
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Inashiki, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jura Oshida
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Inashiki, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Taisuke Kodama
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Inashiki, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sayato Fukui
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Inashiki, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Daiki Kobayashi
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Inashiki, Ibaraki, Japan
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Ma J, Wang J, Wang G, Wan Y, Li N, Luo L, Gou H, Gu J. The potential beneficial effects of Lactobacillus plantarum GM11 on rats with chronic unpredictable mild stress- induced depression. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:413-424. [PMID: 37116073 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2205742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main purpose of the present study was to assess the beneficial effect of Lactobacillus plantarum GM11 (LacP GM11), screened from Sichuan traditional fermented food, in depressive rats induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). METHODS Male SPF SD rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups: the control group, CUMS group and CUMS + LacP GM11 group (n = 10). The rats in the CUMS and LacP GM11 groups received CUMS stimulation for 42 d. The behavioral tests and levels of monoamine neurotransmitter, glucocorticoid hormone and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the serum and hippocampus were measured. The effects of LacP GM11 on the mRNA and protein expression of BDNF and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) in the hippocampus were also investigated. RESULTS After supplementation for 21 d, LacP GM11 was associated with alleviation of depressive-like behavior, not anxiety-like behavior, in depressive rats. LacP GM11 increased the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and BDNF and decreased the level of cortisol (CORT) in the serum and hippocampus in depressed rats. In addition, treatment with LacP GM11 also increased the mRNA and protein expression of BDNF and CREB in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS This work has revealed that LacP GM11 has potential beneficial effects on depression. This effect might be related to alleviating monoamine neurotransmitter deficiency, HPA axis hyperfunction and CREB-BDNF signaling pathway downregulation. This study demonstrates that LacP GM11 could be a potential therapeutic approach to treat depression and other mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ma
- Department of Research and Development, Weichuang Tianyi Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junrui Wang
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- Sichuan Food Fermentation Industry Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujun Wan
- Sichuan Food Fermentation Industry Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Nanzhen Li
- Sichuan Food Fermentation Industry Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Luo
- Sichuan Food Fermentation Industry Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Gou
- Sichuan Food Fermentation Industry Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwen Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Patterson E, Tan HTT, Groeger D, Andrews M, Buckley M, Murphy EF, Groeger JA. Bifidobacterium longum 1714 improves sleep quality and aspects of well-being in healthy adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3725. [PMID: 38355674 PMCID: PMC10866977 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53810-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress and sleep are linked with overall well-being. Bifidobacterium longum 1714 has been shown to influence stress responses and modulate neural responses during social stress, and influence sleep quality during examination stress in healthy adults. Here, we explored the ability of this strain to alter sleep quality in adults using subjective and objective measures. Eighty-nine adults (18-45y) with impaired sleep quality assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and with a global score ≥ 5 were randomized to receive B. longum 1714 or placebo daily for eight weeks. Assessing the effect of the strain on PSQI global score was the primary objective. Secondary objectives assessed sleep quality and well-being subjectively and sleep parameters using actigraphy objectively. While PSQI global score improved in both groups, B. longum 1714 significantly improved the PSQI component of sleep quality (p < 0.05) and daytime dysfunction due to sleepiness (p < 0.05) after 4 weeks and social functioning (p < 0.05) and energy/vitality (p < 0.05) after 8 weeks, compared to placebo. No significant effect on actigraphy measures were observed. The 1714 strain had a mild effect on sleep, demonstrated by a faster improvement in sleep quality at week 4 compared to placebo, although overall improvements after 8 weeks were similar in both groups. B. longum 1714 improved social functioning and increased energy/vitality in line with previous work that showed the strain modulated neural activity which correlated with enhanced vitality/reduced mental fatigue (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04167475).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mark Andrews
- Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ, UK
| | - Martin Buckley
- Mercy University Hospital, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Santi D, Debbi V, Costantino F, Spaggiari G, Simoni M, Greco C, Casarini L. Microbiota Composition and Probiotics Supplementations on Sleep Quality-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clocks Sleep 2023; 5:770-792. [PMID: 38131749 PMCID: PMC10742335 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep5040050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota (GM) plays a crucial role in human health. The bidirectional interaction between GM and the central nervous system may occur via the microbiota-gut-brain axis, possibly regulating the sleep/wake cycle. Recent reports highlight associations between intestinal dysbiosis and sleep disorders, suggesting that probiotics could ameliorate this condition. However, data are poor and inconsistent. The aim of this quantitative metanalytic study is to assess the GM composition in sleep disturbances and evaluate probiotics' effectiveness for managing sleep disorders. A systematic review was carried out until July 2022 in online databases, limiting the literature research to human studies and English language articles. No significant GM diversity between patients with sleep disturbances versus healthy controls was found, revealed by α-diversity, while β-diversity is missing due to lack of proper reporting. However, probiotics supplementation significantly reduced the self-assessed parameter of sleep quality and disturbances Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score compared with the placebo. No difference in the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score was found. While available data suggest that GM diversity is not related to sleep disturbances, probiotics administration strongly improves sleep quality as a subjective perception. However, heterogeneity of data reporting in the scientific literature should be considered as a limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Santi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy; (D.S.); (V.D.); (M.S.); (L.C.)
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, 41126 Modena, Italy
- Unit of Andrology and Sexual Medicine of the Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Valentina Debbi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy; (D.S.); (V.D.); (M.S.); (L.C.)
| | - Francesco Costantino
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy; (D.S.); (V.D.); (M.S.); (L.C.)
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Giorgia Spaggiari
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, 41126 Modena, Italy
- Unit of Andrology and Sexual Medicine of the Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy; (D.S.); (V.D.); (M.S.); (L.C.)
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, 41126 Modena, Italy
- Unit of Andrology and Sexual Medicine of the Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, 41126 Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Carla Greco
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy; (D.S.); (V.D.); (M.S.); (L.C.)
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Livio Casarini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy; (D.S.); (V.D.); (M.S.); (L.C.)
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41126 Modena, Italy
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Letenneur V, Monnoye M, Philippe C, Holowacz S, Rabot S, Lepage P, Jacouton E, Naudon L. Effects of a Lacticaseibacillus Mix on Behavioural, Biochemical, and Gut Microbial Outcomes of Male Mice following Chronic Restraint Stress. Nutrients 2023; 15:4635. [PMID: 37960288 PMCID: PMC10648220 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of supplementation with Lactobacillus strains to prevent the consequences of chronic stress on anxiety in mouse strains sensitive to stress and the consequences on gut microbiota have been relatively unexplored. Thus, we administered a Lacticaseibacillus casei LA205 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei LA903 mix to male BALB/cByJrj mice two weeks before and during 21-day chronic restraint stress (CRS) (non-stressed/solvent (NS-PBS), non-stressed/probiotics (NS-Probio), CRS/solvent (S-PBS), CRS/probiotics (S-Probio)). CRS resulted in lower body weight and coat state alteration, which were attenuated by the probiotic mix. S-Probio mice showed less stress-associated anxiety-like behaviours than their NS counterpart, while no difference was seen in PBS mice. Serum corticosterone levels were significantly higher in the S-Probio group than in other groups. In the hippocampus, mRNA expression of dopamine and serotonin transporters was lower in S-Probio than in S-PBS mice. Few differences in bacterial genera proportions were detected, with a lower relative abundance of Alistipes in S-Probio vs. S-PBS. CRS was accompanied by a decrease in the proportion of caecal acetate in S-PBS mice vs. NS-PBS, but not in the intervention groups. These data show that the probiotic mix could contribute to better coping with chronic stress, although the precise bacterial mechanism is still under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Letenneur
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (V.L.); (M.M.); (C.P.); (S.R.); (P.L.)
| | - Magali Monnoye
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (V.L.); (M.M.); (C.P.); (S.R.); (P.L.)
| | - Catherine Philippe
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (V.L.); (M.M.); (C.P.); (S.R.); (P.L.)
| | - Sophie Holowacz
- PiLeJe Laboratoire, Carré Suffren, 31–35 Rue de la Fédération, CEDEX 15, 75015 Paris, France; (S.H.); (E.J.)
| | - Sylvie Rabot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (V.L.); (M.M.); (C.P.); (S.R.); (P.L.)
| | - Patricia Lepage
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (V.L.); (M.M.); (C.P.); (S.R.); (P.L.)
| | - Elsa Jacouton
- PiLeJe Laboratoire, Carré Suffren, 31–35 Rue de la Fédération, CEDEX 15, 75015 Paris, France; (S.H.); (E.J.)
| | - Laurent Naudon
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Mäkelä SM, Griffin SM, Reimari J, Evans KC, Hibberd AA, Yeung N, Ibarra A, Junnila J, Turunen J, Beboso R, Chhokar B, Dinan TG, Cryan J, Patterson E. Efficacy and safety of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Lpc-37® in students facing examination stress: A randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial (the ChillEx study). Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 32:100673. [PMID: 37662485 PMCID: PMC10474370 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Lpc-37 (Lpc-37) has previously shown to reduce perceived stress in healthy adults. The ChillEx study investigated whether Lpc-37 reduces stress in a model of chronic examination stress in healthy students. One hundred ninety university students (18-40 y) were randomized to take 1.56 × 1010 colony-forming units of Lpc-37 or placebo (1:1) each day for 10 weeks, in a triple-blind, parallel, multicenter clinical trial consisting of six visits: two screening visits, a baseline visit, and visits at 4, 8, and 10 weeks after baseline. The primary objective was to demonstrate that Lpc-37 reduces stress, as measured by the change in state anxiety from baseline to just before the first examination, after 8 weeks using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-state). Secondary objectives aimed to demonstrate that Lpc-37 modulates psychological stress-induced symptoms and biomarkers related to mood and sleep. An exploratory analysis of fecal microbiota composition was also conducted. There was no difference between Lpc-37 and placebo groups in the change of STAI-state score (estimate 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.62, 3.67; p = 0.446). None of the secondary outcomes resulted in significant results when corrected for multiplicity, but exploratory results were notable. Results showed an improvement in sleep-disturbance scores (odds ratio 0.30; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.82; p = 0.020) and reduction in duration of sleep (odds ratio 3.52; 95% CI: 1.46, 8.54; p = 0.005) on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire after 8 weeks in the Lpc-37 group compared to placebo. A reduction in Bond Lader VAS-alertness was also demonstrated in the Lpc-37 group compared to placebo (estimate -3.97; 95% CI: -7.78, -0.15; p = 0.042) just prior to the examination. Analysis of fecal microbiota found no differences between study groups for alpha and beta diversity or microbiota abundance. Adverse events were similar between groups. Vital signs, safety-related laboratory measures, and gastrointestinal parameters were stable during the trial. In conclusion, probiotic Lpc-37 was safe but had no effect on stress, mood, or anxiety in healthy university students in this model of chronic academic stress. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04125810.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ronnie Beboso
- MeDiNova North London Dedicated Research Center, London, UK
| | - Balgit Chhokar
- MeDiNova East London Dedicated Research Center, London, UK
| | | | - John Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Önning G, Montelius C, Hillman M, Larsson N. Intake of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HEAL9 Improves Cognition in Moderately Stressed Subjects: A Randomized Controlled Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:3466. [PMID: 37571403 PMCID: PMC10421450 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The usage of probiotics has expanded beyond the areas of gut and immune health improvement. Several studies have shown the positive impact associated between probiotics and stress, cognition, and mood; a relationship referred to as the gut-brain axis. METHOD The aim of this exploratory study was to evaluate the effect of the probiotic strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HEAL9 (LPHEAL9) on the gut-brain axis in subjects with moderate stress. One hundred and twenty-nine subjects aged 21-52 years completed the study, randomized to consume either LPHEAL9 (n = 65) or placebo (n = 64) for 12 weeks. RESULTS Perceived stress and awakening cortisol were significantly reduced over time in both groups. A significant improvement in four cognition tests after consumption of LPHEAL9 compared to placebo was observed (rapid information processing test, numeric working memory test, paired associated learning, and word recall, p < 0.05). There was a tendency for a significantly better improvement in the LPHEAL9 group for three mood subscales (Confusion-Bewilderment, Anger-Hostility, and Depression-Dejection) and for fewer subjects with poor sleep in the LPHEAL9 group compared to placebo (p < 0.10). CONCLUSIONS Intake of LPHEAL9 significantly improved cognitive functions compared to the placebo, potentially by ameliorating aspects of mood and sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunilla Önning
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, 222 00 Lund, Sweden
- Probi AB, 223 70 Lund, Sweden; (C.M.)
| | | | - Magnus Hillman
- Diabetes Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden;
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Boehme M, Rémond-Derbez N, Lerond C, Lavalle L, Keddani S, Steinmann M, Rytz A, Dalile B, Verbeke K, Van Oudenhove L, Steiner P, Berger B, Vicario M, Bergonzelli G, Colombo Mottaz S, Hudry J. Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum Reduces Perceived Psychological Stress in Healthy Adults: An Exploratory Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:3122. [PMID: 37513541 PMCID: PMC10383821 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging science shows that probiotic intake may impact stress and mental health. We investigated the effect of a 6-week intervention with Bifidobacterium longum (BL) NCC3001 (1 × 1010 CFU/daily) on stress-related psychological and physiological parameters in 45 healthy adults with mild-to-moderate stress using a randomized, placebo-controlled, two-arm, parallel, double-blind design. The main results showed that supplementation with the probiotic significantly reduced the perceived stress and improved the subjective sleep quality score compared to placebo. Comparing the two groups, momentary subjective assessments concomitant to the Maastricht Acute Stress Test revealed a lower amount of pain experience in the probiotic group and a higher amount of relief at the end of the procedure in the placebo group, reflected by higher scores in the positive affect state. The awakening of the salivary cortisol response was not affected by the intervention, yet the reduction observed in the salivary cortisol stress response post-intervention was higher in the placebo group than the probiotic group. Multivariate analysis further indicated that a reduction in perceived stress correlated with a reduction in anxiety, in depression, and in the cortisol awakening response after the 6-week intervention. This exploratory trial provides promising insights into BL NCC3001 to reduce perceived stress in a healthy population and supports the potential of nutritional solutions including probiotics to improve mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Boehme
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland; (N.R.-D.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (P.S.); (B.B.); (M.V.); (J.H.)
| | - Noëla Rémond-Derbez
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland; (N.R.-D.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (P.S.); (B.B.); (M.V.); (J.H.)
| | - Clara Lerond
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland; (N.R.-D.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (P.S.); (B.B.); (M.V.); (J.H.)
| | - Luca Lavalle
- Clinical Research Unit, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland; (L.L.); (A.R.); (S.C.M.)
| | - Sonia Keddani
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland; (N.R.-D.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (P.S.); (B.B.); (M.V.); (J.H.)
| | - Myriam Steinmann
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland; (N.R.-D.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (P.S.); (B.B.); (M.V.); (J.H.)
| | - Andreas Rytz
- Clinical Research Unit, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland; (L.L.); (A.R.); (S.C.M.)
| | - Boushra Dalile
- Translational Research Center in Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (B.D.); (K.V.); (L.V.O.)
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristin Verbeke
- Translational Research Center in Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (B.D.); (K.V.); (L.V.O.)
| | - Lukas Van Oudenhove
- Translational Research Center in Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (B.D.); (K.V.); (L.V.O.)
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pascal Steiner
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland; (N.R.-D.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (P.S.); (B.B.); (M.V.); (J.H.)
| | - Bernard Berger
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland; (N.R.-D.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (P.S.); (B.B.); (M.V.); (J.H.)
| | - Maria Vicario
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland; (N.R.-D.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (P.S.); (B.B.); (M.V.); (J.H.)
| | - Gabriela Bergonzelli
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland; (N.R.-D.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (P.S.); (B.B.); (M.V.); (J.H.)
| | - Sara Colombo Mottaz
- Clinical Research Unit, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland; (L.L.); (A.R.); (S.C.M.)
| | - Julie Hudry
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland; (N.R.-D.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (P.S.); (B.B.); (M.V.); (J.H.)
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Zheng Y, Xu L, Zhang S, Liu Y, Ni J, Xiao G. Effect of a probiotic formula on gastrointestinal health, immune responses and metabolic health in adults with functional constipation or functional diarrhea. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1196625. [PMID: 37497057 PMCID: PMC10368241 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1196625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Our aim was to determine the efficacy of four-week probiotic supplementation on gastrointestinal health. The secondary objectives were to assess probiotic effects on immune reaction, as well as weight control and metabolic health. Methods We conducted two randomized sub-trials, respectively, among subjects who were diagnosed with functional constipation (FC) or functional diarrhea (FDr) according to the Rome IV criteria. In each sub-trial, 70 eligible Chinese adults were randomized to receive a multi-strain probiotic combination or a placebo. Gastrointestinal symptoms, defecation habits, stool characteristics, blood and fecal biochemistry markers, anthropometrics measures, stress-associated responses, and intestinal flora changes were assessed at baseline and after probiotics intervention. Results Four weeks of probiotic supplementation reduced overall gastrointestinal symptoms scores in FC participants (p < 0.0001). Their mean weekly stool frequency increased from 3.3 times to 6.2 times; immune response and inflammation markers improved with increases in serum IgA, IFN-γ and fecal sIgA, and decrease in hsCRP; most components of lipid profile were significantly ameliorated, with increases in HDL-C and reductions in TC and TG; body weight, body mass index and basal metabolic rate decreased following probiotics consumption. For FDr participants, probiotics consumption markedly reduced overall gastrointestinal symptom scores (p < 0.0001); decreased stool frequency by 3 times per week; increased IgA, IFN-γ, sIgA concentrations, while lowered hsCRP and IL-4 levels. Both FC and FDr participants had improvement in the scores of defecation habits, anxiety or depression, and perceived stress. Probiotics supplementation promoted the production of all three major short-chain fatty acids. No changes were observed in LDL-C, IgG, IgM, IL-8, IL-10 and motilin. Conclusion Supplementation with the probiotic formula over a four-week period could help relieving gastrointestinal symptoms, improving satisfaction with defecation habits, emotional state and immune response, and ameliorating dysbacteriosis in participants with FC or FDr. It also had beneficial effects on lipid metabolism and weight control for FC participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyi Zheng
- Shenzhen Precision Health Food Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Leiming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Silu Zhang
- Shenzhen Precision Health Food Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanwen Liu
- School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Ni
- Sprim (China) Consulting Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Guoxun Xiao
- Shenzhen Precision Health Food Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
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10
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Sun Y, Guo S, Wu T, Zhang J, Kwok LY, Sun Z, Zhang H, Wang J. Untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach unveils biochemical changes in compound probiotic fermented milk during fermentation. NPJ Sci Food 2023; 7:21. [PMID: 37225736 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-023-00197-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotic functional products have drawn wide attention because of their increasing popularity. However, few studies have analyzed probiotic-specific metabolism in the fermentation process. This study applied UPLC-QE-MS-based metabolomics to track changes in the milk metabolomes in the course of fermentation by two probiotic strains, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei PC-01 and Bifidobacterium adolescentis B8589. We observed substantial changes in the probiotic fermented milk metabolome between 0 and 36 h of fermentation, and the differences between the milk metabolomes at the interim period (36 h and 60 h) and the ripening stage (60 h and 72 h) were less obvious. A number of time point-specific differential metabolites were identified, mainly belonging to organic acids, amino acids, and fatty acids. Nine of the identified differential metabolites are linked to the tricarboxylic acid cycle, glutamate metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism. The contents of pyruvic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid, and capric acid increased at the end of fermentation, which can contribute to the nutritional quality and functional properties of the probiotic fermented milk. This time-course metabolomics study analyzed probiotic-specific fermentative changes in milk, providing detailed information of probiotic metabolism in a milk matrix and the potential beneficial mechanism of probiotic fermented milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering (Inner Mongolia Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, 010018, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 010018, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering (Inner Mongolia Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, 010018, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 010018, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering (Inner Mongolia Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, 010018, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 010018, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering (Inner Mongolia Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, 010018, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 010018, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Lai-Yu Kwok
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering (Inner Mongolia Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, 010018, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 010018, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering (Inner Mongolia Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, 010018, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 010018, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering (Inner Mongolia Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, 010018, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 010018, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Jicheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering (Inner Mongolia Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, 010018, Hohhot, China.
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 010018, Hohhot, China.
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010018, Hohhot, China.
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11
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Sasso J, Ammar RM, Tenchov R, Lemmel S, Kelber O, Grieswelle M, Zhou QA. Gut Microbiome-Brain Alliance: A Landscape View into Mental and Gastrointestinal Health and Disorders. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:1717-1763. [PMID: 37156006 PMCID: PMC10197139 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota includes a vast collection of microorganisms residing within the gastrointestinal tract. It is broadly recognized that the gut and brain are in constant bidirectional communication, of which gut microbiota and its metabolic production are a major component, and form the so-called gut microbiome-brain axis. Disturbances of microbiota homeostasis caused by imbalance in their functional composition and metabolic activities, known as dysbiosis, cause dysregulation of these pathways and trigger changes in the blood-brain barrier permeability, thereby causing pathological malfunctions, including neurological and functional gastrointestinal disorders. In turn, the brain can affect the structure and function of gut microbiota through the autonomic nervous system by regulating gut motility, intestinal transit and secretion, and gut permeability. Here, we examine data from the CAS Content Collection, the largest collection of published scientific information, and analyze the publication landscape of recent research. We review the advances in knowledge related to the human gut microbiome, its complexity and functionality, its communication with the central nervous system, and the effect of the gut microbiome-brain axis on mental and gut health. We discuss correlations between gut microbiota composition and various diseases, specifically gastrointestinal and mental disorders. We also explore gut microbiota metabolites with regard to their impact on the brain and gut function and associated diseases. Finally, we assess clinical applications of gut-microbiota-related substances and metabolites with their development pipelines. We hope this review can serve as a useful resource in understanding the current knowledge on this emerging field in an effort to further solving of the remaining challenges and fulfilling its potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet
M. Sasso
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Ramy M. Ammar
- Bayer
Consumer Health, R&D Digestive
Health, Darmstadt 64295, Germany
| | - Rumiana Tenchov
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Steven Lemmel
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Olaf Kelber
- Bayer
Consumer Health, R&D Digestive
Health, Darmstadt 64295, Germany
| | - Malte Grieswelle
- Bayer
Consumer Health, R&D Digestive
Health, Darmstadt 64295, Germany
| | - Qiongqiong Angela Zhou
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
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12
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Griffin SM, Lehtinen MJ, Meunier J, Ceolin L, Roman FJ, Patterson E. Restorative effects of probiotics on memory impairment in sleep-deprived mice. Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:254-264. [PMID: 35236257 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2042915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insufficient sleep is a serious public health epidemic in modern society, impairing memory and other cognitive functions. In this study, partial sleep deprivation (SD) was used to induce cognitive impairment in mice to determine the effects of probiotics on subsequent cognitive deficits. METHODS Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Lp-115 (Lp-115), Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Lpc-37 (Lpc-37), Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis 420 (B420) and their combination were administered to mice subjected to partial SD and compared with non-SD and SD vehicle groups. Mice were administered a daily oral gavage containing either 1 × 109 colony forming units (CFU) of single-strain, 1.5 × 109 CFU of multi-strain (5 × 108 CFU/strain), or vehicle for thirty days prior to and for nine days during a behavioural test paradigm. The novel object recognition (NOR) test, spontaneous alternation Y-maze (Y-maze), and the step-through passive avoidance (STPA) task were applied to evaluate learning and memory performance following partial SD. RESULTS Partial SD had a significant impact on cognitive function in vehicle mice. Intervention with Lpc-37 significantly improved recognition memory deficits in the NOR test, spatial working memory deficits in the Y-maze, and contextual long-term memory impairments in the STPA task, in mice subjected to partial SD compared to the SD vehicle group. The multi-strain significantly improved recognition memory deficits in the NOR test and spatial working memory deficits in the Y-maze in mice subjected to partial SD compared to the SD vehicle group. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that Lpc-37 and the multi-strain may play a role in alleviating memory impairments and improve cognitive function in partially sleep-deprived mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Síle M Griffin
- IFF Health & Biosciences, Danisco Sweeteners Oy, Kantvik, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | - Elaine Patterson
- IFF Health & Biosciences, Danisco Sweeteners Oy, Kantvik, Finland
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13
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Nobile V, Puoci F. Effect of a Multi-Strain Probiotic Supplementation to Manage Stress during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Clinical Trial. Neuropsychobiology 2023; 82:61-71. [PMID: 36634645 PMCID: PMC9843736 DOI: 10.1159/000527956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic strongly affected every aspect of the modern society, from health to socioeconomics, leading people to experience high levels of stress. METHODS A double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled clinical study was performed to investigate the ability of a food supplement containing two probiotic strains, Limosilactobacillus reuteri PBS072 and Bifidobacterium breve BB077, in supporting 33 healthy adults, working at a university, in stress management. The efficacy of the tested strains in influencing the stress response, in terms of mood and sleep behavior, was assessed using the following validated questionnaires: Profile of Mood State (POMS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). RESULTS Outcomes of the POMS and the PSQI demonstrated a significant reduction of the questionnaire's scores both versus baseline and placebo after 30 days of probiotic intake. CONCLUSIONS According to the results, the probiotic food supplement investigated showed a remarkable effect on stress management by improving the quality of sleep and the mood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Puoci
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy,*Francesco Puoci,
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14
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Does the Gut Microbial Metabolome Really Matter? The Connection between GUT Metabolome and Neurological Disorders. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193967. [PMID: 36235622 PMCID: PMC9571089 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we gathered updated knowledge regarding the alterations of gut microbiota (dysbiosis) and its correlation with human neurodegenerative and brain-related diseases, e.g., Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. This review underlines the importance of gut-derived metabolites and gut metabolic status as the main players in gut-brain crosstalk and their implications on the severity of neural conditions. Scientific evidence indicates that the administration of probiotic bacteria exerts beneficial and protective effects as reduced systemic inflammation, neuroinflammation, and inhibited neurodegeneration. The experimental results performed on animals, but also human clinical trials, show the importance of designing a novel microbiota-based probiotic dietary supplementation with the aim to prevent or ease the symptoms of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases or other forms of dementia or neurodegeneration.
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15
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Meng X, Gao Y, Qi H, Ding Y, Sun Y. Clinical Application Value of Lactobacillus Plantarum PS128 in Patients with Anxiety Disorders. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN COLLEGE OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 20:560-566. [PMID: 35879040 PMCID: PMC9329101 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2022.20.3.560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective PS128 is a novel psycho biotic strain, it has been reported to play an important role in neuropsychiatric disorders. This study investigated the clinical effect of PS128 supplementation on patients with anxiety. Methods A total of 200 patients with anxiety were recruited, and divided into two groups (n = 100/group). The control group received oral treatment with citalopram, and the PS128 group received PS128 capsules based on citalopram treatment. Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) were used to evaluate the anxiety levels. After 2 months of continuous administration, clinical efficacy was evaluated according to HAMA score. Results There was no significant difference in HAMA and SAS scores between the two groups before treatment. With the treatment prolonged, the HAMA and SAS score decreased gradually in both control and PS128 groups, and the decrease rate of PS128 group was significantly greater than that of the control group. The clinical effective rates of PS128 group were higher than those in the control group, high levels of clinical cure rate were also detected in the PS128 group. Compared with the control group (22%), the incidence of adverse reactions was significantly reduced for patients in the PS128 group (4%). Conclusion The treatment effect of citalopram combined with PS128 against anxiety is satisfactory clinically. It can greatly improve the anxiety symptoms of patients, increase the cure rate, reduce adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Meng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Eighth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yajie Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Eighth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hang Qi
- Department of Psychiatry, The Eighth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yongyan Ding
- Department of Outpatient, The Eighth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yaqing Sun
- Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Gaocheng, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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16
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Singh S, Sharma P, Pal N, Kumawat M, Shubham S, Sarma DK, Tiwari RR, Kumar M, Nagpal R. Impact of Environmental Pollutants on Gut Microbiome and Mental Health via the Gut–Brain Axis. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071457. [PMID: 35889175 PMCID: PMC9317668 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, the microbiome has emerged as a high-priority research area to discover missing links between brain health and gut dysbiosis. Emerging evidence suggests that the commensal gut microbiome is an important regulator of the gut–brain axis and plays a critical role in brain physiology. Engaging microbiome-generated metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, the immune system, the enteric nervous system, the endocrine system (including the HPA axis), tryptophan metabolism or the vagus nerve plays a crucial role in communication between the gut microbes and the brain. Humans are exposed to a wide range of pollutants in everyday life that impact our intestinal microbiota and manipulate the bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain, resulting in predisposition to psychiatric or neurological disorders. However, the interaction between xenobiotics, microbiota and neurotoxicity has yet to be completely investigated. Although research into the precise processes of the microbiota–gut–brain axis is growing rapidly, comprehending the implications of environmental contaminants remains challenging. In these milieus, we herein discuss how various environmental pollutants such as phthalates, heavy metals, Bisphenol A and particulate matter may alter the intricate microbiota–gut–brain axis thereby impacting our neurological and overall mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samradhi Singh
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India; (S.S.); (P.S.); (N.P.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (D.K.S.); (R.R.T.)
| | - Poonam Sharma
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India; (S.S.); (P.S.); (N.P.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (D.K.S.); (R.R.T.)
| | - Namrata Pal
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India; (S.S.); (P.S.); (N.P.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (D.K.S.); (R.R.T.)
| | - Manoj Kumawat
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India; (S.S.); (P.S.); (N.P.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (D.K.S.); (R.R.T.)
| | - Swasti Shubham
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India; (S.S.); (P.S.); (N.P.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (D.K.S.); (R.R.T.)
| | - Devojit Kumar Sarma
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India; (S.S.); (P.S.); (N.P.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (D.K.S.); (R.R.T.)
| | - Rajnarayan R. Tiwari
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India; (S.S.); (P.S.); (N.P.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (D.K.S.); (R.R.T.)
| | - Manoj Kumar
- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal 462030, India; (S.S.); (P.S.); (N.P.); (M.K.); (S.S.); (D.K.S.); (R.R.T.)
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (R.N.)
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32302, USA
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (R.N.)
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17
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Haarhuis JE, Kardinaal A, Kortman GAM. Probiotics, prebiotics and postbiotics for better sleep quality: a narrative review. Benef Microbes 2022; 13:169-182. [PMID: 35815493 DOI: 10.3920/bm2021.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing prevalence of sleep problems and insomnia worldwide, urging the development of new treatments to tackle this increase. Several studies have suggested that the gut microbiome might influence sleep quality. The gut microbiome affects the host's health via the production of metabolites and compounds with neuroactive and immunomodulatory properties, which include short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids and neurotransmitters. Several of these metabolites and compounds are independently known as wakefulness-promoting (serotonin, epinephrine, dopamine, orexin, histamine, acetylcholine, cortisol) or sleep-promoting (gamma-aminobutyric acid, melatonin). The primary aim of this review was to evaluate the potential of pro-, pre- and postbiotic treatments to improve sleep quality. Additionally, we aimed to evaluate whether each of the treatments could ameliorate stress and anxiety, which are known to bidirectionally correlate with sleep problems. Lastly, we provided a mechanistic explanation for our findings. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar to compare all human trials that met our inclusion criteria and were published before November 2021. We furthermore discussed relevant findings from animal experiments to provide a mechanistic insight. While several studies found that sleep latency, sleep length, and cortisol levels improved after pro-, pre- or postbiotic treatment, others did not show any significant improvements for sleep quality, stress, or anxiety. These discrepancies can be explained by between-study variations in study designs, study populations, treatments, type and level of distress, and sex differences. We conclude that the trials discussed provide some evidence for prebiotics, postbiotics, and traditional probiotics, such as those belonging to lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, to improve sleep quality and stress, but stronger evidence might be found in the future after implementing the methodological adjustments that are suggested in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Haarhuis
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.,Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Kardinaal
- NIZO food research B.V., Kernhemseweg 2, 6718 ZB Ede, the Netherlands
| | - G A M Kortman
- NIZO food research B.V., Kernhemseweg 2, 6718 ZB Ede, the Netherlands
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18
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Kiousi DE, Efstathiou C, Tegopoulos K, Mantzourani I, Alexopoulos A, Plessas S, Kolovos P, Koffa M, Galanis A. Genomic Insight Into Lacticaseibacillus paracasei SP5, Reveals Genes and Gene Clusters of Probiotic Interest and Biotechnological Potential. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:922689. [PMID: 35783439 PMCID: PMC9244547 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.922689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Lacticaseibacillus paracasei species is comprised by nomadic bacteria inhabiting a wide variety of ecological niches, from fermented foodstuffs to host-associated microenvironments. Lc. paracasei SP5 is a novel strain, originally isolated from kefir grains that presents desirable probiotic and biotechnological attributes. In this study, we applied genomic tools to further characterize the probiotic and biotechnological potential of the strain. Firstly, whole genome sequencing and assembly, were performed to construct the chromosome map of the strain and determine its genomic stability. Lc. paracasei SP5 carriers several insertion sequences, however, no plasmids or mobile elements were detected. Furthermore, phylogenomic and comparative genomic analyses were utilized to study the nomadic attributes of the strain, and more specifically, its metabolic capacity and ability to withstand environmental stresses imposed during food processing and passage through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. More specifically, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZymes) analyses provided evidence for the ability of the stain to utilize an array of carbohydrates as growth substrates. Consequently, genes for heat, cold, osmotic shock, acidic pH, and bile salt tolerance were annotated. Importantly bioinformatic analysis showed that the novel strain does not harbor acquired antimicrobial resistance genes nor virulence factors, in agreement with previous experimental data. Putative bacteriocin biosynthesis clusters were identified using BAGEL4, suggesting its potential antimicrobial activity. Concerning microbe-host interactions, adhesins, moonlighting proteins, exopolysaccharide (EPS) biosynthesis genes and pilins mediating the adhesive phenotype were, also, pinpointed in the genome of Lc. paracasei SP5. Validation of this phenotype was performed by employing a microbiological method and confocal microscopy. Conclusively, Lc. paracasei SP5 harbors genes necessary for the manifestation of the probiotic character and application in the food industry. Upcoming studies will focus on the mechanisms of action of the novel strain at multiple levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Eugenia Kiousi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Christos Efstathiou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tegopoulos
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ioanna Mantzourani
- Department of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, Orestiada, Greece
| | - Athanasios Alexopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, Orestiada, Greece
| | - Stavros Plessas
- Department of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, Orestiada, Greece
- *Correspondence: Stavros Plessas,
| | - Petros Kolovos
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maria Koffa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Alex Galanis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Alex Galanis,
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19
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Preclinical Safety Assessment of Bacillus subtilis BS50 for Probiotic and Food Applications. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10051038. [PMID: 35630480 PMCID: PMC9144164 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10051038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the commercial rise of probiotics containing Bacillaceae spp., it remains important to assess the safety of each strain before clinical testing. Herein, we performed preclinical analyses to address the safety of Bacillus subtilis BS50. Using in silico analyses, we screened the 4.15 Mbp BS50 genome for genes encoding known Bacillus toxins, secondary metabolites, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance. We also assessed the effects of BS50 lysates on the viability and permeability of cultured human intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2). We found that the BS50 genome does not encode any known Bacillus toxins. The BS50 genome contains several gene clusters involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, but many of these antimicrobial metabolites (e.g., fengycin) are common to Bacillus spp. and may even confer health benefits related to gut microbiota health. BS50 was susceptible to seven of eight commonly prescribed antibiotics, and no antibiotic resistance genes were flanked by the complete mobile genetic elements that could enable a horizontal transfer. In cell culture, BS50 cell lysates did not diminish either Caco-2 viability or monolayer permeability. Altogether, BS50 exhibits a robust preclinical safety profile commensurate with commercial probiotic strains and likely poses no significant health risk to humans.
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Han S, Li Y, Song R, Gao H, Zhang W. Effect of Probiotics Supplementation on Heart Rate: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Front Nutr 2022; 9:829703. [PMID: 35392286 PMCID: PMC8982511 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.829703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Probiotics consumption lowers the risk of cardiovascular disease, but whether it affects heart rate (HR) remains controversial. Therefore, our study aimed to assess the chronotropic effects of probiotics on heartbeat via a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Methods Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed, Cochrane library, and Clinical Trials databases up to October 2021. Either a fixed-effects or a random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results This meta-analysis included 13 studies involving 16 interventional trial arms and 931 participants according to inclusion criteria. The overall pooled estimate showed that probiotics supplementation had a slight, but no significant reduction of 0.28 bpm (95% CI: −1.17, 0.60) on HR. Relatively high heterogeneity was observed among included trials (I2 = 80.8%, P heterogeneity < 0.001). Subgroup analysis displayed that probiotics supplementation significantly reduced HR by 2.94 bpm (95% CI: −5.06, −0.82) among participants with baseline HR ≥ 75 bpm, by 1.17 bpm (95% CI: −2.34, −0.00) with probiotics dose ≥1 × 1010 CFU/day, and by 1.43 bpm (95% CI: −2.69, −0.17) with multiple-strain intervention. Meta-regression analysis showed that baseline HR was a major potential effect modifier of probiotics supplementation on lowering HR. Conclusion Hitherto, the overall evidence in the literature was insufficient to support the notion that probiotics supplementation has a class effect on HR reduction. However, in subgroup analysis, probiotics reduced HR significantly in those who had higher baseline HR, received a higher dose or multiple strains of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufen Han
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shufen Han ;
| | - Yuezhen Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ruijuan Song
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing, China
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- Independent Researcher, Irving, TX, United States
- Weiguo Zhang
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21
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Le Morvan de Sequeira C, Hengstberger C, Enck P, Mack I. Effect of Probiotics on Psychiatric Symptoms and Central Nervous System Functions in Human Health and Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030621. [PMID: 35276981 PMCID: PMC8839125 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The gut microbiota impacts on central nervous system (CNS) function via the microbiota–gut–brain axis. Thus, therapeutics targeting the gut microbiota such as probiotics have the potential for improving mental health. This meta-analysis synthesizes the evidence regarding the impacts of probiotics on psychological well-being, psychiatric symptoms and CNS functioning. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were applied for executing this review using the databases PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library. The data were summarized at qualitative and quantitative level. Results: Fifty-four randomized placebo-controlled studies were included, of which 30 were eligible for meta-analysis. If investigated, the probiotics mostly exerted effects on CNS function. Most probiotics did not affect mood, stress, anxiety, depression and psychiatric distress when compared to placebo at the qualitative level. At quantitative level, depression and psychiatric distress improved slightly in the probiotic condition (depression: mean difference −0.37 (95% CI: −0.55, −0.20); p ≤ 0.0001; psychiatric distress: mean difference −0.33 (95% CI: −0.53, −0.13); p = 0.001). Conclusions: To date it is unclear to which extent and in which specific areas next generation probiotics selected and developed for their ability to improve psychiatric condition and potentially other CNS functions are promising.
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22
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One Giant Leap from Mouse to Man: The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Mood Disorders and Translational Challenges Moving towards Human Clinical Trials. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030568. [PMID: 35276927 PMCID: PMC8840472 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota–gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication pathway that enables the gut microbiota to communicate with the brain through direct and indirect signaling pathways to influence brain physiology, function, and even behavior. Research has shown that probiotics can improve several aspects of health by changing the environment within the gut, and several lines of evidence now indicate a beneficial effect of probiotics on mental and brain health. Such evidence has prompted the arrival of a new term to the world of biotics research: psychobiotics, defined as any exogenous influence whose effect on mental health is bacterially mediated. Several taxonomic changes in the gut microbiota have been reported in neurodevelopmental disorders, mood disorders such as anxiety and depression, and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. While clinical evidence supporting the role of the gut microbiota in mental and brain health, and indeed demonstrating the beneficial effects of probiotics is rapidly accumulating, most of the evidence to date has emerged from preclinical studies employing different animal models. The purpose of this review is to focus on the role of probiotics and the microbiota–gut–brain axis in relation to mood disorders and to review the current translational challenges from preclinical to clinical research.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The gut microbiota has emerged as a key conduit in mental health and is a promising target for interventions. This review provides an update on recent advances in using microbiota-targeted approaches for the management of mental health. RECENT FINDINGS Approaches that have emerged as microbiota-targeted interventions in the management of mental health include probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplant as well as diet. Among these approaches, probiotic supplementation has been investigated most prominently, providing promising evidence for its use in improving mood and anxiety. There is also growing interest in the use of multistrain probiotics, whole dietary interventions or combined approaches, with encouraging results emerging from recent studies. SUMMARY Although the current literature preliminarily supports targeting the microbiota to manage mental health and use as adjuvant therapies for certain brain disorders, large gaps remain and especially data including clinical cohorts remains scarce. Research studies including larger cohorts, well-characterized clinical populations and defined duration and dosage of the intervention are required to develop evidence-based guidelines for microbiota-targeted strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John F. Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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24
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Loh LX, Ng DHJ, Toh M, Lu Y, Liu SQ. Targeted and Nontargeted Metabolomics of Amino Acids and Bioactive Metabolites in Probiotic-Fermented Unhopped Beers Using Liquid Chromatography High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:14024-14036. [PMID: 34734707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Beer is one of the most popular beverages in the world. The increased popularity of craft beers has led to the development of unique beers that are alcohol-free, gluten-free, low calorie, or with functional properties through fermentation with probiotic microorganisms. In this study, functional unhopped beers were evaluated by utilizing probiotics (Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Lpc-37 and ibSium Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856) as starter cultures. The metabolites produced by probiotics were investigated using a nontargeted metabolomics approach and identified against metabolomics databases (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Human Metabolome Database (HMDB), Yeast Metabolome Database (YMDB), METLIN tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)). Derivatives of branched-chain (leucine) and aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine) were enriched (one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) p < 0.05) in probiotic-fermented unhopped beers, especially tryptophan metabolites. In addition, the synergistic effects of yeast-lactic acid bacteria (LAB) interactions led to further enrichment of higher acids such as (S)-(-)-2-hydroxyisocaproic acid, phenyllactic acid, hydroxyphenyllactic acid, and indolelactic acid. The potential pathways for the formation of novel bioactive tryptophan metabolites (indole and indoleacrylic acid) by LAB were elucidated. Altogether, probiotic LAB-fermented unhopped beer showed the highest antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content. This work provides the basis for the discovery of bioactive metabolites in probiotic-fermented foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xuan Loh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Daniel H J Ng
- International Food and Water Research Centre, Waters Corporation, 1 Science Park Road #01-10, The Capricorn, Singapore Science Park II, Singapore 117528, Singapore
| | - Mingzhan Toh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Yuyun Lu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Shao Quan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
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Hofmeister M, Clement F, Patten S, Li J, Dowsett LE, Farkas B, Mastikhina L, Egunsola O, Diaz R, Cooke NCA, Taylor VH. The effect of interventions targeting gut microbiota on depressive symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CMAJ Open 2021; 9:E1195-E1204. [PMID: 34933877 PMCID: PMC8695538 DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20200283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite their popularity, the efficacy of interventions targeting gut microbiota to improve depressive symptoms is unknown. Our objective is to summarize the effect of microbiome-targeting interventions on depressive symptoms. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials from inception to Mar. 5, 2021. We included studies that evaluated probiotic, prebiotic, synbiotic, paraprobiotic or fecal microbiota transplant interventions in an adult population (age ≥ 18 yr) with an inactive or placebo comparator (defined by the absence of active intervention). Studies must have measured depressive symptoms with a validated scale, and used a randomized controlled trial study design. We conducted a random effects meta-analysis of change scores, using standardized mean difference as the measure of effect. RESULTS Sixty-two studies formed the final data set, with 50 included in the meta-analysis. Probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic interventions on depressive symptoms showed statistically significant benefits. In the single studies evaluating each of fecal microbiota transplant and paraprobiotic interventions, neither showed a statistically significant benefit. INTERPRETATION Despite promising findings of benefit of probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic interventions for depressive symptoms in study populations, there is not yet strong enough evidence to favour inclusion of these interventions in treatment guidelines for depression. Critical questions about species administered, dosage and timing relative to other antidepressant medications remain to be answered. STUDY REGISTRATION PROSPERO no. 143178.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hofmeister
- Department of Community Health Sciences (Hofmeister, Clement, Patten, Li, Dowsett, Farkas, Mastikhina, Egunsola, Diaz), and O'Brien Institute for Public Health (Hofmeister, Clement, Patten, Li, Dowsett, Farkas, Mastikhina, Egunsola, Diaz), and Departments of Psychiatry (Patten, Taylor) and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Cooke), Teaching Research and Wellness Building, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Fiona Clement
- Department of Community Health Sciences (Hofmeister, Clement, Patten, Li, Dowsett, Farkas, Mastikhina, Egunsola, Diaz), and O'Brien Institute for Public Health (Hofmeister, Clement, Patten, Li, Dowsett, Farkas, Mastikhina, Egunsola, Diaz), and Departments of Psychiatry (Patten, Taylor) and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Cooke), Teaching Research and Wellness Building, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Scott Patten
- Department of Community Health Sciences (Hofmeister, Clement, Patten, Li, Dowsett, Farkas, Mastikhina, Egunsola, Diaz), and O'Brien Institute for Public Health (Hofmeister, Clement, Patten, Li, Dowsett, Farkas, Mastikhina, Egunsola, Diaz), and Departments of Psychiatry (Patten, Taylor) and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Cooke), Teaching Research and Wellness Building, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Joyce Li
- Department of Community Health Sciences (Hofmeister, Clement, Patten, Li, Dowsett, Farkas, Mastikhina, Egunsola, Diaz), and O'Brien Institute for Public Health (Hofmeister, Clement, Patten, Li, Dowsett, Farkas, Mastikhina, Egunsola, Diaz), and Departments of Psychiatry (Patten, Taylor) and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Cooke), Teaching Research and Wellness Building, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Laura E Dowsett
- Department of Community Health Sciences (Hofmeister, Clement, Patten, Li, Dowsett, Farkas, Mastikhina, Egunsola, Diaz), and O'Brien Institute for Public Health (Hofmeister, Clement, Patten, Li, Dowsett, Farkas, Mastikhina, Egunsola, Diaz), and Departments of Psychiatry (Patten, Taylor) and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Cooke), Teaching Research and Wellness Building, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Brenlea Farkas
- Department of Community Health Sciences (Hofmeister, Clement, Patten, Li, Dowsett, Farkas, Mastikhina, Egunsola, Diaz), and O'Brien Institute for Public Health (Hofmeister, Clement, Patten, Li, Dowsett, Farkas, Mastikhina, Egunsola, Diaz), and Departments of Psychiatry (Patten, Taylor) and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Cooke), Teaching Research and Wellness Building, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Liza Mastikhina
- Department of Community Health Sciences (Hofmeister, Clement, Patten, Li, Dowsett, Farkas, Mastikhina, Egunsola, Diaz), and O'Brien Institute for Public Health (Hofmeister, Clement, Patten, Li, Dowsett, Farkas, Mastikhina, Egunsola, Diaz), and Departments of Psychiatry (Patten, Taylor) and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Cooke), Teaching Research and Wellness Building, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Oluwaseun Egunsola
- Department of Community Health Sciences (Hofmeister, Clement, Patten, Li, Dowsett, Farkas, Mastikhina, Egunsola, Diaz), and O'Brien Institute for Public Health (Hofmeister, Clement, Patten, Li, Dowsett, Farkas, Mastikhina, Egunsola, Diaz), and Departments of Psychiatry (Patten, Taylor) and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Cooke), Teaching Research and Wellness Building, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Ruth Diaz
- Department of Community Health Sciences (Hofmeister, Clement, Patten, Li, Dowsett, Farkas, Mastikhina, Egunsola, Diaz), and O'Brien Institute for Public Health (Hofmeister, Clement, Patten, Li, Dowsett, Farkas, Mastikhina, Egunsola, Diaz), and Departments of Psychiatry (Patten, Taylor) and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Cooke), Teaching Research and Wellness Building, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Noah C A Cooke
- Department of Community Health Sciences (Hofmeister, Clement, Patten, Li, Dowsett, Farkas, Mastikhina, Egunsola, Diaz), and O'Brien Institute for Public Health (Hofmeister, Clement, Patten, Li, Dowsett, Farkas, Mastikhina, Egunsola, Diaz), and Departments of Psychiatry (Patten, Taylor) and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Cooke), Teaching Research and Wellness Building, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Valerie H Taylor
- Department of Community Health Sciences (Hofmeister, Clement, Patten, Li, Dowsett, Farkas, Mastikhina, Egunsola, Diaz), and O'Brien Institute for Public Health (Hofmeister, Clement, Patten, Li, Dowsett, Farkas, Mastikhina, Egunsola, Diaz), and Departments of Psychiatry (Patten, Taylor) and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Cooke), Teaching Research and Wellness Building, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.
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Health-Promoting Properties of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei: A Focus on Kefir Isolates and Exopolysaccharide-Producing Strains. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102239. [PMID: 34681288 PMCID: PMC8534925 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Among artisanal fermented beverages, kefir (fermented milk drink) and water kefir (fermented nondairy beverage) are of special interest because their grains can be considered natural reservoirs of safe and potentially probiotic strains. In the last years, several reports on Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (formerly Lactobacillus paracasei) isolated from both artisanal fermented beverages were published focusing on their health-promoting properties. Although this is not the predominant species in kefir or water kefir, it may contribute to the health benefits associated to the consumption of the fermented beverage. Since the classification of L. paracasei has been a difficult task, the selection of an adequate method for identification, which is essential to avoid mislabeling in products, publications, and some publicly available DNA sequences, is discussed in the present work. The last findings in health promoting properties of L. paracasei and the bioactive compounds are described and compared to strains isolated from kefir, providing a special focus on exopolysaccharides as effector molecules. The knowledge of the state of the art of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei from kefir and water kefir can help to understand the contribution of these microorganisms to the health benefits of artisanal beverages as well as to discover new probiotic strains for applications in food industry.
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Banerjee S, Poore M, Gerdes S, Nedveck D, Lauridsen L, Kristensen HT, Jensen HM, Byrd PM, Ouwehand AC, Patterson E, Morovic W. Transcriptomics reveal different metabolic strategies for acid resistance and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) production in select Levilactobacillus brevis strains. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:173. [PMID: 34488774 PMCID: PMC8419935 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01658-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Of the many neurotransmitters in humans, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shows potential for improving several mental health indications such as stress and anxiety. The microbiota-gut-brain axis is an important pathway for GABAergic effects, as microbially-secreted GABA within the gut can affect host mental health outcomes. Understanding the molecular characteristics of GABA production by microbes within the gut can offer insight to novel therapies for mental health. RESULTS Three strains of Levilactobacillus brevis with syntenous glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) operons were evaluated for overall growth, glutamate utilization, and GABA production in typical synthetic growth media supplemented with monosodium glutamate (MSG). Levilactobacillus brevis Lbr-6108™ (Lbr-6108), formerly known as L. brevis DPC 6108, and Levilactobacillus brevis Lbr-35 ™ (Lbr-35) had similar growth profiles but differed significantly in GABA secretion and acid resistance. Lbr-6108 produced GABA early within the growth phase and produced significantly more GABA than Lbr-35 and the type strain Levilactobacillus brevis ATCC 14869 after the stationary phase. The global gene expression during GABA production at several timepoints was determined by RNA sequencing. The GAD operon, responsible for GABA production and secretion, activated in Lbr-6108 after only 6 h of fermentation and continued throughout the stationary phase. Furthermore, Lbr-6108 activated many different acid resistance mechanisms concurrently, which contribute to acid tolerance and energy production. In contrast, Lbr-35, which has a genetically similar GAD operon, including two copies of the GAD gene, showed no upregulation of the GAD operon, even when cultured with MSG. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to evaluate whole transcriptome changes in Levilactobacillus brevis during GABA production in different growth phases. The concurrent expression of multiple acid-resistance mechanisms reveals niche-specific metabolic functionality between common human commensals and highlights the complex regulation of GABA metabolism in this important microbial species. Furthermore, the increased and rapid GABA production of Lbr-6108 highlights the strain's potential as a therapeutic and the overall value of screening microbes for effector molecule output.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Poore
- IFF Health and Biosciences, Danisco USA, Inc., Madison, WI, USA
| | - Svetlana Gerdes
- IFF Health and Biosciences, Danisco USA, Inc., Madison, WI, USA
| | - Derek Nedveck
- IFF Health and Biosciences, Danisco USA, Inc., Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Phillip M Byrd
- IFF Health and Biosciences, Danisco USA, Inc., Madison, WI, USA
| | - Arthur C Ouwehand
- IFF Health and Biosciences, Danisco Sweeteners Oy, Sokeritehtaantie 20, 02460, Kantvik, Finland
| | - Elaine Patterson
- IFF Health and Biosciences, Danisco Sweeteners Oy, Sokeritehtaantie 20, 02460, Kantvik, Finland
| | - Wesley Morovic
- IFF Health and Biosciences, Danisco USA, Inc., Madison, WI, USA.
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