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Jackson AM, Parker L, Sano Y, Cox AE, Lanigan J. Associations between body image, eating behavior, and diet quality. Nutr Health 2024; 30:93-102. [PMID: 35369805 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221090696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Weight-neutral interventions that promote adaptive eating behaviors are becoming a growing area of practice. Understanding whether adaptive eating behaviors are associated with improved diet quality is essential. Body image may be an important factor in this relationship given its close connection to eating behaviors. Aim: The purpose of this study was to develop an understanding of the relationships between positive and negative body image, adaptive and maladaptive eating behaviors, and diet quality. Methods: We recruited 288 adults 18 years and older who were living in the US using Prolific Academic. Participants completed an online survey including measures of positive and negative body image, adaptive and maladaptive eating behaviors, and a dietary screener questionnaire (DSQ). We ran a hierarchical linear regression and tested whether body image and diet quality were mediated by eating behavior. Results: Body image and maladaptive eating behaviors were not associated with diet quality. Body-food choice congruence (B-FCC), an adaptive eating behavior, was associated with diet quality. B-FCC mediated the relationship of positive and negative body image to diet quality. Conclusions: Our findings provide additional support for weight-neutral or adaptive eating interventions as a mechanism to promote diet quality. Additional research may benefit from exploring indirect effects of body image on diet intake, the relationship between eating behavior and diet quality using qualitative data, and the comparison of weight-neutral or non-diet interventions with traditional behavior change interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louise Parker
- Extension Youth and Families Unit, Human Development, Washington State University, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yoshie Sano
- Human Development, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, USA
| | - Anne E Cox
- Kinesiology & Educational Psychology, College of Education, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA *Present Address: Institute for Research and Education to Advance Community Health (IREACH), Washington State University, 1100 Olive Way Suite 1200 Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Jane Lanigan
- Human Development, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, USA
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Kose G, Bas M. Do Mindful Eating and Intuitive Eating Affect Beverage Preferences? A Cross-Sectional Survey. Foods 2024; 13:646. [PMID: 38472760 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Intuitive eating involves following body signals to guide eating decisions and avoiding restrictive diets. Mindful eating is paying full attention to sensory experiences and fostering nonjudgmental awareness. We aimed to elucidate potential relationships between beverage intake and intuitive and mindful eating scores. This cross-sectional exploratory study (October 2021-December 2022) enrolled adult male and female participants who provided sociodemographic and health-related information and subsequently completed the Beverage Intake Questionnaire, the Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ-30), and the Intuitive Eating Scale (IES-2). Bidirectional relationships were observed between beverage intake and intuitive and mindful eating scores. The total beverage intake of males was double compared with that of females, with the intake being mainly derived from sugar-sweetened beverages (p = 0.000). Increased total water intake was positively correlated with IES-2 and its subscale scores and was negatively correlated with MEQ-30 scores in both sexes (p < 0.05). Alcoholic beverage intake was associated with reductions in IES-2 and MEQ-30 scores, whereas unconditional permission to eat increased by 18.3% in males. In females, the consumption of milk-based beverages decreased the IES-2 scores. Understanding the complex relationships between beverage intake and intuitive and mindful eating may deepen our understanding of individual dietary behaviors and inform dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Kose
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Bas
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey
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Morgan-Bathke M, Raynor HA, Baxter SD, Halliday TM, Lynch A, Malik N, Garay JL, Rozga M. Medical Nutrition Therapy Interventions Provided by Dietitians for Adult Overweight and Obesity Management: An Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence-Based Practice Guideline. J Acad Nutr Diet 2023; 123:520-545.e10. [PMID: 36462613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity affect most adults living in the United States and are causally linked to several adverse health outcomes. Registered dietitian nutritionists or international equivalents (dietitians) collaborate with each client and other health care professionals to meet client-centered goals, informed by the best available evidence, and translated through a lens of clinical expertise and client circumstances and preferences. Since the last iteration of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics guideline on adult weight management in 2014, considerable research has been conducted and circumstances confronting dietitians have evolved. Thus, updated guidance is needed. The objective of this evidence-based practice guideline is to provide recommendations for dietitians who deliver medical nutrition therapy behavioral interventions for adults (18 years and older) with overweight and obesity to improve cardiometabolic outcomes, quality of life, and weight outcomes, when appropriate for and desired by the client. Recommendations in this guideline highlight the importance of considering complex contributors to overweight and obesity and individualizing interventions to client-centered goals based on specific needs and preferences and shared decision making. The described recommendations have the potential to increase access to care and decrease costs through utilization of telehealth and group counseling as effective delivery methods, and to address other barriers to overweight and obesity management interventions. It is essential for dietitians to collaborate with clients and interprofessional health care teams to provide high-quality medical nutrition therapy interventions using the nutrition care process to promote attainment of client-centered outcomes for adults with overweight or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Morgan-Bathke
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Viterbo University, La Crosse, Wisconsin
| | - Hollie A Raynor
- College of Education, Health, and Human Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | | | - Tanya M Halliday
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Amanda Lynch
- Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI
| | - Neal Malik
- Department of Health Science and Human Ecology, California State University, San Bernardino, San Bernardino, California
| | - Jessica L Garay
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Syracuse University, Syracuse
| | - Mary Rozga
- Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Chicago, Illinois.
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Hensley-Hackett K, Bosker J, Keefe A, Reidlinger D, Warner M, D'Arcy A, Utter J. Intuitive Eating Intervention and Diet Quality in Adults: A Systematic Literature Review. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 54:1099-1115. [PMID: 36274010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intuitive eating interventions aim to improve individual health and promote sustainable changes to one's relationship with food. However, there is no evidence-based consensus on the impact of intuitive eating interventions on diet quality. This systematic review aimed to investigate intuitive eating interventions and their impact on diet quality. METHOD PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and Cochrane databases were systematically searched to October 2021 for studies reporting interventions that encompassed the principles of intuitive eating and measured diet quality. Other health outcomes were used for secondary analysis. Findings were synthesized narratively. RESULTS Seventeen papers reporting 14 intervention studies (n = 3,960) were included in the review. All studies found a positive or neutral effect on diet quality following an intuitive eating intervention. A favorable change in eating behavior following these interventions was also observed. DISCUSSION Intuitive eating promotes an attunement to the body, which aids in improving diet quality because of increased awareness of physiological cues. The reduction of emotional and binge eating may also increase diet quality. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH AND PRACTICE Findings from the current review suggest that intuitive eating interventions are most effective face-to-face, in a group setting, and sustained for at least 3 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Hensley-Hackett
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Josephine Bosker
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Keefe
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dianne Reidlinger
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Molly Warner
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; My Nutrition Clinic, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anna D'Arcy
- My Nutrition Clinic, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jennifer Utter
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; Department of Dietetics and Foodservices, Mater Health, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Heydarpour S, Salari N, Abasi P, Shadab P. The Effect of Supportive-Educational Interventions on Stress and Adaptation to Maternal Role: A Quasi-Experimental Study. Matern Child Health J 2022; 26:2466-2475. [PMID: 36346564 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-022-03512-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm delivery is a stressful event and stress can affect adaptation to maternal role. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of supportive-educational interventions on stress and adaptation to the maternal role among women with premature infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit. METHODS This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 60 women with premature infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit. A control group (n = 30) was initially selected from eligible female participants. Sampling was stopped for three weeks and then the intervention group was sampled. The entire sampling process was carried out from December 2018 to June 2019. The control group received usual care at the hospital and the intervention group (n = 30) received three sessions of supportive-educational intervention in addition to routine care. Data were collected through the perceived stress and the maternal role adaptation questionnaires completed by both groups at the time of infant discharge, and also at the follow-up period (one month after discharge). RESULTS The results showed that maternal stress score changed considerably over time and a significant difference between the two groups was observed (P < 0.05). Additionally, adaptation to the maternal role changed substantially over time and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The supportive-educational program reduced the stress of mothers with premature infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit and increased their adaptation to the maternal role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sousan Heydarpour
- Department of Reproductive Health, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nader Salari
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Parvin Abasi
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Parisa Shadab
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Teas E, Kimiecik J, Ward RM, Timmerman K. Intuitive Eating and Biomarkers Related to Cardiovascular Disease in Older Adults. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 54:412-421. [PMID: 35534099 PMCID: PMC9097336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine whether exercise and diet motivation are associated with 4 biomarkers related to cardiovascular disease. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis. Data collection involved questionnaires, blood draws, body composition assessments, and accelerometry. SETTING Small, midwestern college town. PARTICIPANTS Community older adults (≥ 58 years of age; n = 79) recruited through convenience sampling; the sample was representative of the population of interest for some demographic characteristics (eg, age and sex) but not representative of other characteristics (eg, level of activity). VARIABLES MEASURED Independent variables comprised self-reported intrinsic exercise motivation (Behavioral Regulation for Exercise Questionnaire-3) and intuitive eating (Intuitive Eating Scale-2). Dependent variables included inflammatory proteins (C-reactive protein and interleukin-6) and lipid levels (low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein and triglycerides) quantified from blood samples. Covariates included age, body mass index, sex, and objective physical activity measured by accelerometers worn for 7 days. ANALYSIS Multiple linear regression was used to assess the association between diet and exercise motivation and biomarker outcomes; we analyzed 4 regression models (1 for each biomarker). Significance level P < 0.05. RESULTS Greater intuitive eating was associated with a lower low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratio (β = -0.45, P = 0.001) and lower triglycerides (β = -0.37, P = 0.003). Intrinsic exercise motivation was not associated with the biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Intuitive eating may be a key determinant of certain biomarkers and could be a viable target for interventions to help decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Teas
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN; Center for Aging and the Life Course, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.
| | - Jay Kimiecik
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Health, Miami University, Oxford, OH
| | - Rose Marie Ward
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Health, Miami University, Oxford, OH
| | - Kyle Timmerman
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Health, Miami University, Oxford, OH
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Jackson A, Sano Y, Parker L, Cox AE, Lanigan J. Intuitive eating and dietary intake. Eat Behav 2022; 45:101606. [PMID: 35231798 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2022.101606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Intuitive eating has been associated with positive health benefits, yet the research investigating intuitive eating with dietary intake is minimal, inconsistent, and may differ by sex and food security status. The purpose of this study is to identify relationships between intuitive eating and dietary intake in adults living in the US and explore differences by sex and food insecurity status. We recruited 308 adults 18 years and older living in the US to complete an online survey including demographic data, intuitive eating, a diet screener questionnaire, and food insecurity status. We used structural equation modeling to analyze relationships between intuitive eating subscales, calcium, whole grains, added sugars, vegetables, and fruits. Then, we explored differences by sex and food security status. Unconditional permission to eat was associated with a higher intake of added sugar, while body-food choice congruence was associated with a lower intake of added sugar and calcium, and a higher intake of vegetables and whole grains. Eating for physical rather than emotional reasons was associated with a higher intake of calcium and vegetables. Intuitive eating differed by sex and food security status. While intuitive eating is not consistently related to the intake of more nutritious foods, eating for physical rather than emotional reasons and body-food choice congruence may promote diet quality in a community sample. Men and food secure adults scored higher in intuitive eating suggesting tailored intuitive eating interventions may be essential to increase effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Jackson
- Human Development, Washington State University, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686, United States of America.
| | - Yoshie Sano
- Human Development, Washington State University, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686, United States of America
| | - Louise Parker
- Extension Youth and Families Unit, Human Development, Washington State University, 3158 Fremont Ave, #361, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Anne E Cox
- Kinesiology & Educational Psychology, College of Education, Washington State University, Smith Gym 213C, Pullman, WA 99164, United States of America
| | - Jane Lanigan
- Human Development, Washington State University, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686, United States of America
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Małachowska A, Jeżewska-Zychowicz M. Polish Adaptation and Validation of the Intuitive (IES-2) and Mindful (MES) Eating Scales—The Relationship of the Concepts with Healthy and Unhealthy Food Intake (a Cross-Sectional Study). Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051109. [PMID: 35268085 PMCID: PMC8912520 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Intuitive (IE) and mindful (ME) eating share internally focused eating, yet previous studies have shown that these concepts are not strongly correlated, which suggests that they might be differently related to food intake. The study aimed to adapt the original Intuitive (IES-2) and Mindful (MES) Eating Scales to the Polish language, to test their psychometric parameters and, further, to examine associations of IE and ME with an intake of selected food groups, i.e., healthy foods (fresh and processed vegetables, fresh fruit) and unhealthy foods (sweets, salty snacks). A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 in a group of 1000 Polish adults (500 women and 500 men) aged 18–65 (mean age = 41.3 ± 13.6 years). The factor structure was assessed with exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analysis as well as structural equation modeling (SEM). Measurement invariance across gender was assessed with multiple-group analysis. Internal consistency and discriminant validity of the two scales was tested. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to examine the correlation between IES-2 and MES subscales with food intake. A 4-factor, 16-item structure was confirmed for IES-2, while EFA and CFA revealed a 3-factor, 17-item structure of MES. Both scales demonstrated adequate internal consistency and discriminant validity. Full metric and partial scalar invariance were found for IES-2, while MES proved partial invariances. “Awareness” (MES) and “Body–Food Choice Congruence” (IES-2) positively correlated with intake of healthy foods and negatively with the intake of unhealthy ones. “Eating For Physical Rather Than Emotional Reasons” (IES-2) and “Act with awareness” (MES) favored lower intake of unhealthy foods, whereas “Unconditional Permission to Eat” and “Reliance on Hunger and Satiety Cues” (IES-2) showed an inverse relationship. A greater score in “Acceptance” (MES) was conducive to lower intake of all foods except sweets. The results confirmed that adapted versions of the IES-2 and MES are valid and reliable measures to assess IE and ME among Polish adults. Different IE and ME domains may similarly explain intake of healthy and unhealthy foods, yet within a single eating style, individual domains might have the opposite effect. Future studies should confirm our findings with the inclusion of mediating factors, such as other eating styles, childhood experiences, dieting, etc.
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Grider HS, Douglas SM, Raynor HA. The Influence of Mindful Eating and/or Intuitive Eating Approaches on Dietary Intake: A Systematic Review. J Acad Nutr Diet 2020; 121:709-727.e1. [PMID: 33279464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stimuli that promote eating in the absence of the physiological need for food are pervasive and can facilitate excessive energy intake. The practices of mindful eating (ME) and intuitive eating (IE) have been developed to minimize external drivers of energy intake by helping individuals emphasize the sensory properties of foods and internal indicators of hunger and fullness. OBJECTIVE To enhance understanding about the effect of ME and IE interventions on dietary intake, this systematic review included randomized trials of ME and IE interventions that examined dietary intake, defined as energy intake or diet quality, in adults of varying weight status without a diagnosis of an eating disorder. METHODS The selection of literature followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses systematic review process, in which PubMed, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), and PsycINFO databases were searched for studies published between January 1980 and November 2019. Studies were included if they met the following criteria: randomized trial design in which 1 arm was an intervention with an ME or IE component and there was at least 1 control or active comparison arm; enrolled participants were of a healthy weight or with overweight or obesity and reported not having an eating disorder (ie, anorexia, bulimia nervosa, or binge eating disorder) or other health conditions in which dietary restrictions were applied; were at least 18 years of age; and outcomes of energy intake or diet quality were reported at baseline and post intervention. The modified Downs and Black checklist was used to assess risk of bias for each study that met inclusion criteria. RESULTS A total of 13 studies, including 8 investigating ME interventions and 5 investigating IE interventions, represented in 14 articles, were included in the review. Seven of the 9 articles reporting on energy intake did not find significant group differences. Eight of the 12 articles reporting on diet quality did not find significant group differences. The mean bias assessment score was 13.6 out of 28, indicating poor quality. CONCLUSIONS Little evidence suggests that ME and IE interventions influence energy intake or diet quality. To draw strong conclusions about the effect of ME and IE on dietary intake, future research using study designs of high rigor are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah S Grider
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
| | - Steve M Douglas
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
| | - Hollie A Raynor
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN.
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Abstract
Internally regulated eating style, the eating style that is driven by internal bodily sensations of hunger and satiation, is a concept that has received increasing attention in the literature and health practice over the last decades. The various attempts that have been made so far to conceptualise internally regulated eating have taken place independently of one another, and each sheds light on only parts of the total picture of what defines internally regulated eating. This has resulted in a literature that is rather fragmented. More importantly, it is not yet clear which are the characteristics that comprise this eating style. In this paper, we identify and describe the full spectrum of these characteristics, namely, sensitivity to internal hunger and satiation signals, self-efficacy in using internal hunger and satiation signals, self-trusting attitude for the regulation of eating, relaxed relationship with food and tendency to savour the food while eating. With this research, we introduce a common language to the field and we present a new theoretical framework that does justice not just to the full breadth of characteristics that are necessary for the internally regulated eating style but also to the associations between them and the potential mechanisms by which they contribute to this eating style.
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Fuentes Artiles R, Staub K, Aldakak L, Eppenberger P, Rühli F, Bender N. Mindful eating and common diet programs lower body weight similarly: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2019; 20:1619-1627. [PMID: 31368631 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Common strategies for reducing body weight rely on limiting energy intake and restricting food choices. However, these strategies have often been proven ineffective in achieving long-term and sustainable weight reduction. More recently, mindful eating as an alternative weight management strategy has gained increasing attention, yet systematic reviews on intuitive or mindful eating published so far present contradictory results. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials on weight loss programs based on mindful or intuitive eating. We analyzed results using meta-regressions. We included a total of 10 studies and found a significant weight loss effect of mindful/intuitive eating strategies compared with nonintervention controls (-0.348 kg, 95% CI: -0.591 to -0.105, P = 0.005). However, there was no difference compared with conventional diet programs (P = 0.99). Reduction of BMI (-0.137 kg/m2 , 95% CI: -0.365 to 0.091, P = 0.240) or waist circumference (-0.358 cm, 95% CI: -0.916 to 0.200, P = 0.209) were not statistically significant. Mindful/intuitive eating could be a practical approach to weight control. Limitations of this study include the unbalanced sex, origin, place of residence of the participants, and the short duration of interventions. Future research should aim at investigating long-term effects and include a more heterogeneous study population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaspar Staub
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lafi Aldakak
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Eppenberger
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Rühli
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Bender
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Factor structure of the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 among a low-income and racial minority population. Appetite 2019; 142:104390. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Keirns NG, Hawkins MAW. Intuitive eating, objective weight status and physical indicators of health. Obes Sci Pract 2019; 5:408-415. [PMID: 31687166 PMCID: PMC6819977 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intuitive eating (IE) has emerged as a weight-neutral approach to health promotion for those with overweight/obesity. This weight-neutral paradigm has some support, although research thus far has often neglected to control for potential confounds (i.e. objective weight status and demographics) and foundational studies are lacking. The objective of the current study was to observe the unique association of IE with physical health indicators in a sample of adults, independent of objective weight status. METHODS Participants were 248 adults (32 ± 14 years old, 73% female, 64% White) of all weight categories (18.2-55.3 kg m-2), with an average body mass index (BMI) of 30 ± 8 kg m-2. IE was measured with the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2). BMI was objectively measured in-lab. Health indicators included blood pressure (BP) and fasting glucose. RESULTS A series of hierarchical linear regressions revealed no significant associations between IE and systolic BP (β = -0.076, P = 0.256), diastolic BP (DBP; β = -0.122, P = 0.073) or fasting glucose (β = 0.047, P = 0.500) after controlling for BMI. All effects sizes were small or below (f 2 = 0.00 to -0.04). Sensitivity analyses revealed significantly lower DBP in high intuitive eaters versus low when analysed with a t-test, t(111.651) = 3.602, P < 0.001, Levene corrected; however, after controlling for relevant covariates (i.e. BMI and demographics), analysis of covariance revealed no difference in DBP between groups, F(1, 116) = 0.330, P = 0.567. No significant differences in systolic BP or fasting glucose were observed between low and high intuitive eaters before or after considering covariates. CONCLUSIONS In sum, this study investigated associations between IE and common indicators of physical health after controlling for objective weight status. Findings revealed no unique relationship between IE and physical health, and any IE-physical health relationships that were observed were accounted for BMI and/or demographic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. G. Keirns
- Department of PsychologyOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA
| | - M. A. W. Hawkins
- Department of PsychologyOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA
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Khasteganan N, Lycett D, Furze G, Turner AP. Health, not weight loss, focused programmes versus conventional weight loss programmes for cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2019; 8:200. [PMID: 31400767 PMCID: PMC6689181 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-019-1083-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a cardiovascular disease risk factor. Conventional weight loss (CWL) programmes focus on weight loss, however 'health, not weight loss, focused' (HNWL) programmes concentrate on improved health and well-being, irrespective of weight loss. What are the differences in CVD risk outcomes between these programmes? AIM To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the effects of HNWL with CWL programmes on cardiovascular disease risk factors. METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ASSIA, clinical trial registers, commercial websites and reference lists for randomised controlled trials comparing the two programmes (initially searched up to August 2015 and searched updated to 5 April 2019). We used the Mantel-Haneszel fixed-effect model to pool results. Sub-group and sensitivity analyses that accounted for variations in length of follow-up, enhanced programmes and risk of bias dealt with heterogeneity. RESULTS Eight randomised controlled trials of 20,242 potential studies were included. Improvements in total cholesterol-HDL ratio (mean difference - 0.21 mmol/L, 95% confidence interval [- 3.91, 3.50]) and weight loss (- 0.28 kg [- 2.00, 1.44]) favoured HNWL compared to CWL programmes in the long term (53-104 week follow-up), whereas improvements in systolic (- 1.14 mmHg, [- 5.84, 3.56]) and diastolic (- 0.15 mmHg, [- 3.64, 3.34]) blood pressure favoured CWL programmes. These differences did not reach statistical significance. Statistically significant improvements in body satisfaction (- 4.30 [- 8.32, - 0.28]) and restrained eating behaviour (- 4.30 [- 6.77, - 1.83]) favoured HNWL over CWL programmes. CONCLUSIONS We found no long-term significant differences in improved CVD risk factors; however, body satisfaction and restrained eating behaviour improved more with HNWL compared to CWL programmes. Yet firm conclusions cannot be drawn from small studies with high losses to follow-up and data sometimes arising from a single small study. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42015019505.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deborah Lycett
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK.
| | - Gill Furze
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Andy P Turner
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
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Horwath C, Hagmann D, Hartmann C. Intuitive eating and food intake in men and women: Results from the Swiss food panel study. Appetite 2018; 135:61-71. [PMID: 30584896 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Although intuitive eating (IE) interventions have consistently shown benefits for psychological wellbeing and some have shown improvements in physical wellbeing, there is scarce information on the relationship between IE and food intake. Given the popularity of IE as an alternative to dieting, it's important to explore its relationship with food intake. The relationships between IE, Body Mass Index (BMI), diet quality, self-evaluation of dietary intake and physical activity were investigated. A randomly selected sample of adults from the German and French-speaking parts of Switzerland (N = 5,238, 51% men, 20-100 years, BMI 15-62 kg/m2) completed a self-administered questionnaire comprising measures of a diverse range of eating related variables. Intuitive Eating was assessed with the IES-2. Food intake was measured with a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Pearson correlations between the IES-2 and variables of interest were calculated for men and women separately. Although total IES-2 scores showed moderate negative correlations with BMI in men and women, the four IES-2 subscales showed different relationships with food intake. In contrast to the other subscales, unconditional permission to eat moderately correlated with poorer diet quality scores, and consistently showed associations with a more negative self-evaluation of eating behavior. The other three IES-2 subscales showed a few small positive and negative correlations with food intake, including small positive associations of diet quality scores in women, but not men, with eating for physical rather than emotional reasons and reliance on hunger and satiety cues. Further studies are needed to determine the impact of IE interventions on food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Horwath
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Désirée Hagmann
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Consumer Behavior, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 22, CHN J75.3, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Christina Hartmann
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Consumer Behavior, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 22, CHN J75.3, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
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BILICI S, KOCAADAM B, MORTAS H, KUCUKERDONMEZ O, KOKSAL E. Intuitive eating in youth: Its relationship with nutritional status. REV NUTR 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-98652018000600005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective To determine intuitive eating in young adults and the effects of factors such as gender, Body Mass Index and dietary intake, and dietary adequacy on intuitive eating. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted with students at Gazi University in Ankara (N=665; 17.6% men; 82.4% women). The questionnaire, including the general characteristics, anthropometric measurements, Intuitive Eating Scale-2, and 24-H Dietary Recall sections, were applied to all participants. For the evaluation of the diet, Nutrient Adequacy Ratio and Mean Adequacy Ratio were used. Results The mean Intuitive Eating Scale-2 score was 3.2±0.33; men’s and women’s scores were 3.3±0.37 and 3.2±0.32, respectively (p<0.05). According to linear regression analysis, gender, age and mean adequacy ratio had an effect on the model for the score (p<0.05). In addition, there was a negative correlation between Intuitive Eating Scale-2 scores and Body Mass Index values in women (rp=-0.095, p=0.026). Conclusion The intuitive eating scores varied according to gender, dietary adequacy and age. Intuitive eating may be effective in the formation of long-term behavioral changes, which is beneficial for the treatment of obesity. The result of this study may encourage the development of this behavior in groups (may vary according to gender), that is thought to be effective by considering the changes of intuitive eating behavior.
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Bégin C, Carbonneau E, Gagnon-Girouard MP, Mongeau L, Paquette MC, Turcotte M, Provencher V. Eating-Related and Psychological Outcomes of Health at Every Size Intervention in Health and Social Services Centers Across the Province of Québec. Am J Health Promot 2018; 33:248-258. [DOI: 10.1177/0890117118786326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To report the outcomes of a Health at Every Size (HAES) intervention in a real-world setting. Design: Quasi-experimental design evaluating eating behaviors and psychological factors. Setting: The HAES intervention is offered in Health and Social Services Centers in Québec (Canada). Participants: For this study, 216 women (body mass index [BMI]: 35.76 [6.80] kg/m2) who participated to the HAES intervention were compared to 110 women (BMI: 34.56 [7.30] kg/m2) from a comparison group. Intervention: The HAES intervention is composed of 14 weekly meetings provided by health professionals. It focuses on healthy lifestyle, self-acceptance, and intuitive eating. Measures: Eating behaviors (ie, flexible restraint, rigid restraint, disinhibition, susceptibility to hunger, intuitive eating, and obsessive-compulsive eating) and psychological correlates (ie, body esteem, self-esteem, and depression) were assessed using validated questionnaires at baseline, postintervention, and 1-year follow-up. Analysis: Group, time, and interaction effects analyzed with mixed models. Results: Significant group by time interactions were found for flexible restraint ( P = .0400), disinhibition ( P < .0001), susceptibility to hunger ( P < .0001), intuitive eating ( P < .0001), obsessive–compulsive eating ( P < .0001), body-esteem ( P < .0001), depression ( P = .0057), and self-esteem ( P < .0001), where women in the HAES group showed greater improvements than women in the comparison group at short and/or long term. Conclusion: The evaluation of this HAES intervention in a real-life context showed its effectiveness in improving eating-, weight-, and psychological-related variables among women struggling with weight and body image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Bégin
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, Canada
- School of Psychology, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Elise Carbonneau
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Lyne Mongeau
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Paquette
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mylène Turcotte
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Véronique Provencher
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, Canada
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Jospe MR, Taylor RW, Athens J, Roy M, Brown RC. Adherence to Hunger Training over 6 Months and the Effect on Weight and Eating Behaviour: Secondary Analysis of a Randomised Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9111260. [PMID: 29149038 PMCID: PMC5707732 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring blood glucose prior to eating can teach individuals to eat only when truly hungry, but how adherence to 'hunger training' influences weight loss and eating behaviour is uncertain. This exploratory, secondary analysis from a larger randomized controlled trial examined five indices of adherence to 'hunger training', chosen a priori, to examine which adherence measure best predicted weight loss over 6 months. We subsequently explored how the best measure of adherence influenced eating behavior in terms of intuitive and emotional eating. Retention was 72% (n = 36/50) at 6 months. Frequency of hunger training booklet entry most strongly predicted weight loss, followed by frequency of blood glucose measurements. Participants who completed at least 60 days of booklet entry (of recommended 63 days) lost 6.8 kg (95% CI: 2.6, 11.0; p < 0.001) more weight than those who completed fewer days. They also had significantly higher intuitive eating scores than those who completed 30 days or less of booklet entry; a difference (95% CI) of 0.73 (0.12, 1.35) in body-food choice congruence and 0.79 (0.06, 1.51) for eating for physical rather than emotional reasons. Adherent participants also reported significantly lower scores for emotional eating of -0.70 (-1.13, -0.27). Following hunger training and focusing on simply recording ratings of hunger on a regular basis can produce clinically significant weight loss and clinically relevant improvements in eating behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R Jospe
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Rachael W Taylor
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Josie Athens
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Melyssa Roy
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Rachel C Brown
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
- Nutrition Society of New Zealand, Whanganui 4543, New Zealand.
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Stress-induced eating and the relaxation response as a potential antidote: A review and hypothesis. Appetite 2017; 118:136-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Camilleri GM, Méjean C, Bellisle F, Andreeva VA, Kesse-Guyot E, Hercberg S, Péneau S. Intuitive Eating Dimensions Were Differently Associated with Food Intake in the General Population-Based NutriNet-Santé Study. J Nutr 2017; 147:61-69. [PMID: 27798333 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.234088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intuitive eating (IE) is characterized by eating in response to physiological hunger and satiety cues rather than emotional cues and not considering certain foods to be forbidden. Evidence supports an inverse association of IE with body mass index (BMI), but little is known about its association with food intake. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the relation between IE and food intake in a large sample from the general adult population. METHODS A total of 9581 men and 31,955 women aged ≥18 y participating in the NutriNet-Santé cohort were included in this cross-sectional analysis. IE was assessed by using the validated French version of the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (modeled in quartiles). Food intake was assessed by using ≥6 self-reported 24-h dietary records (2009-2015). The associations between IE subscales (Eating for Physical rather than Emotional Reasons, referred to as Physical Reasons; Reliance on Hunger and Satiety Cues, referred to as Cues; and Unconditional Permission to Eat, referred to as Permission) and food intake were assessed by using multiple linear and logistic regression models. RESULTS In women, higher Physical Reasons and Cues scores were associated with lower energy intake (P < 0.0001). Also, a higher Physical Reasons score was associated with lower sweet- and fatty-food intake in both women (143 g/d in quartile 1 compared with 124 g/d in quartile 4) and men (153 compared with 138 g/d) and lower intakes of dairy products and meat, fish, and eggs in women (all P < 0.0001). A higher Cues score was associated with a lower intake of dairy products and meat, fish, and eggs in both sexes and a higher whole-grain intake in women (all P < 0.0001). In contrast, higher Permission scores were associated with a higher energy intake and unhealthier intake, including lower fruit, vegetable, and whole-grain intake (all P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS IE dimensions such as Physical Reasons and Cues subscales were associated with healthier dietary intakes overall, whereas the Permission dimension was associated with unhealthier dietary intakes. From a public health perspective, these findings suggest the importance of developing strategies to promote eating in response to hunger and satiety signals. This study was registered at eudract.ema.europa.eu as 2013-000929-31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine M Camilleri
- Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, U1153 National Institute of Health and Medical Research, U1125 National Institute for Agricultural Research, National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts, Sorbonne Paris Cité COMUE, Bobigny, France; and
| | - Caroline Méjean
- Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, U1153 National Institute of Health and Medical Research, U1125 National Institute for Agricultural Research, National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts, Sorbonne Paris Cité COMUE, Bobigny, France; and
| | - France Bellisle
- Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, U1153 National Institute of Health and Medical Research, U1125 National Institute for Agricultural Research, National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts, Sorbonne Paris Cité COMUE, Bobigny, France; and
| | - Valentina A Andreeva
- Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, U1153 National Institute of Health and Medical Research, U1125 National Institute for Agricultural Research, National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts, Sorbonne Paris Cité COMUE, Bobigny, France; and
| | - Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
- Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, U1153 National Institute of Health and Medical Research, U1125 National Institute for Agricultural Research, National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts, Sorbonne Paris Cité COMUE, Bobigny, France; and
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, U1153 National Institute of Health and Medical Research, U1125 National Institute for Agricultural Research, National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts, Sorbonne Paris Cité COMUE, Bobigny, France; and.,Public Health Department, Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France
| | - Sandrine Péneau
- Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, U1153 National Institute of Health and Medical Research, U1125 National Institute for Agricultural Research, National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts, Sorbonne Paris Cité COMUE, Bobigny, France; and
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21
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Carbonneau E, Bégin C, Lemieux S, Mongeau L, Paquette MC, Turcotte M, Labonté MÈ, Provencher V. A Health at Every Size intervention improves intuitive eating and diet quality in Canadian women. Clin Nutr 2016; 36:747-754. [PMID: 27378611 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Health at Every Size® (HAES®) interventions focus on healthy lifestyle by promoting behavioral changes related to diet and physical activity while emphasizing self-acceptance and well-being through an empowerment and intuitive approach. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a HAES® program on intuitive eating and diet quality in women. METHODS The HAES® intervention, offered by professionals from Health and Social Services Centers in Quebec (Canada), was composed of thirteen 3-h weekly meetings and a 6-h intensive day. For this study, 216 women (1.9% normal-weight, 21.1% overweight, 77.0% obese) who took part to the HAES program were compared to 110 women (3.9% normal-weight, 23.3% overweight, 72.8% obese) from a control group (waiting list). Intuitive eating was assessed using the Intuitive Eating Scale and diet quality was evaluated through the calculation of the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) from a validated web-based self-administrated food frequency questionnaire. Measurements were performed at baseline, post-intervention, and at one-year follow-up. RESULTS Women who participated in the HAES® program significantly increased their intuitive eating score compared to women in the control group at post-intervention and at follow-up (group by time interaction, p = 0.0002). A significant improvement in diet quality was also observed in the HAES® group in comparison with the control group at post-intervention (group by time interaction, p = 0.0139). The intuitive eating score and the HEI score were positively associated in the HAES® group at post-intervention (r = 0.20, p = 0.0237) and one-year follow-up (r = 0.22, p = 0.0359), but no such associations were noted in the control group (post-intervention, r = 0.04, p = 0.70; one-year follow-up, r = -0.15, p = 0.30). CONCLUSIONS The HAES® program seems effective in improving intuitive eating and also favours improvements in diet quality. However, the association between intuitive eating and diet quality remains unclear, being positive and significant only after the HAES® intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Carbonneau
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Simone Lemieux
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Lyne Mongeau
- Ministère de la Santé et des Services Sociaux, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Mylène Turcotte
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Labonté
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Véronique Provencher
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.
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Khasteganan N, Lycett D, Turner AP, Farley A, Lindson-Hawley N, Furze G. Health, not weight loss, focused programmes versus conventional weight loss programmes for cardiovascular risk factors. Hippokratia 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011182.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Khasteganan
- Coventry University; Faculty of Health and Life Sciences; Priory Street Coventry Warwickshire UK CV1 5FB
| | - Deborah Lycett
- Coventry University; Faculty of Health and Life Sciences; Priory Street Coventry Warwickshire UK CV1 5FB
| | - Andy P Turner
- Coventry University; Faculty of Health and Life Sciences; Priory Street Coventry Warwickshire UK CV1 5FB
| | - Amanda Farley
- University of Birmingham; Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Edgbaston Birmingham West Midlands UK B15 2TT
| | - Nicola Lindson-Hawley
- University of Oxford; Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences; Radcliffe Observatory Quarter Woodstock Road Oxford Oxfordshire UK OX2 6GG
| | - Gill Furze
- Coventry University; Faculty of Health and Life Sciences; Priory Street Coventry Warwickshire UK CV1 5FB
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Camilleri GM, Méjean C, Bellisle F, Hercberg S, Péneau S. Mind-Body Practice and Body Weight Status in a Large Population-Based Sample of Adults. Am J Prev Med 2016; 50:e101-e109. [PMID: 26657183 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In industrialized countries characterized by a high prevalence of obesity and chronic stress, mind-body practices such as yoga or meditation may facilitate body weight control. However, virtually no data are available to ascertain whether practicing mind-body techniques is associated with weight status. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the practice of mind-body techniques and weight status in a large population-based sample of adults. METHODS A total of 61,704 individuals aged ≥18 years participating in the NutriNet-Santé study (2009-2014) were included in this cross-sectional analysis conducted in 2014. Data on mind-body practices were collected, as well as self-reported weight and height. The association between the practice of mind-body techniques and weight status was assessed using multiple linear and multinomial logistic regression models adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and dietary factors. RESULTS After adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, regular users of mind-body techniques were less likely to be overweight (OR=0.68, 95% CI=0.63, 0.74) or obese (OR=0.55, 95% CI=0.50, 0.61) than never users. In addition, regular users had a lower BMI than never users (-3.19%, 95% CI=-3.71, -2.68). CONCLUSIONS These data provide novel information about an inverse relationship between mind-body practice and weight status. If causal links were demonstrated in further prospective studies, such practice could be fostered in obesity prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine M Camilleri
- Université Paris 13, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle, Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93017 Bobigny, France.
| | - Caroline Méjean
- Université Paris 13, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle, Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93017 Bobigny, France
| | - France Bellisle
- Université Paris 13, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle, Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Université Paris 13, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle, Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93017 Bobigny, France; Département de Santé Publique, Hôpital Avicenne, F-93017, Bobigny Cedex, France
| | - Sandrine Péneau
- Université Paris 13, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle, Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93017 Bobigny, France
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Carbonneau N, Carbonneau E, Cantin M, Gagnon-Girouard MP. Examining women's perceptions of their mother's and romantic partner's interpersonal styles for a better understanding of their eating regulation and intuitive eating. Appetite 2015; 92:156-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Clifford D, Ozier A, Bundros J, Moore J, Kreiser A, Morris MN. Impact of non-diet approaches on attitudes, behaviors, and health outcomes: a systematic review. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2015; 47:143-55.e1. [PMID: 25754299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the overall effect of non-diet, weight-neutral interventions on factors such as weight, biochemical measures, food and activity behavior, body image, and mental health. DESIGN Systematic review of intervention literature. SETTING Group classes in community and worksite settings (14 studies), and individual counseling (1) and online education (1) in college settings. PARTICIPANTS Eighteen research articles (representing 16 studies) evaluating non-diet interventions using quasi-experimental and randomized study designs with either a comparison or control group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Anthropometric, physiological, psychological, and dietary intake. ANALYSIS Systematic search of 168 articles and review of 18 articles meeting inclusionary criteria. RESULTS Non-diet interventions resulted in statistically significant improvements in disordered eating patterns, self-esteem, and depression. None of the interventions resulted in significant weight gain or worsening of blood pressure, blood glucose, or cholesterol, and in 2 studies biochemical measures improved significantly compared with the control or diet group. Primary limitations were inconsistent definitions of non-diet approaches and the use of different assessment instruments for measuring outcomes. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Because of the long-term ineffectiveness of weight-focused interventions, the psychological improvements seen in weight-neutral, non-diet interventions warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Clifford
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, California State University, Chico, Chico, CA.
| | - Amy Ozier
- Family, Consumer & Nutrition Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL
| | - Joanna Bundros
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, California State University, Chico, Chico, CA
| | - Jeffrey Moore
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, California State University, Chico, Chico, CA
| | - Anna Kreiser
- Family, Consumer & Nutrition Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL
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Camilleri GM, Méjean C, Bellisle F, Andreeva VA, Sautron V, Hercberg S, Péneau S. Cross-cultural validity of the Intuitive Eating Scale-2. Psychometric evaluation in a sample of the general French population. Appetite 2015; 84:34-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Van Dyke N, Drinkwater EJ. Relationships between intuitive eating and health indicators: literature review. Public Health Nutr 2014; 17:1757-66. [PMID: 23962472 PMCID: PMC10282369 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980013002139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the peer-reviewed literature on relationships between intuitive eating and health indicators and suggest areas of inquiry for future research. We define the fundamental principles of intuitive eating as: (i) eating when hungry; (ii) stopping eating when no longer hungry/full; and (iii) no restrictions on types of food eaten unless for medical reasons. DESIGN We include articles cited by PubMed, PsycInfo and Science Direct published in peer-reviewed journals or theses that include 'intuitive eating' or related concepts in the title or abstract and that test relationships between intuitive eating and physical or mental health indicators. RESULTS We found twenty-six articles that met our criteria: seventeen cross-sectional survey studies and nine clinical studies, eight of which were randomised controlled trials. The cross-sectional surveys indicate that intuitive eating is negatively associated with BMI, positively associated with various psychological health indicators, and possibly positively associated with improved dietary intake and/or eating behaviours, but not associated with higher levels of physical activity. From the clinical studies, we conclude that the implementation of intuitive eating results in weight maintenance but perhaps not weight loss, improved psychological health, possibly improved physical health indicators other than BMI (e.g. blood pressure; cholesterol levels) and dietary intake and/or eating behaviours, but probably not higher levels of physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Research on intuitive eating has increased in recent years. Extant research demonstrates substantial and consistent associations between intuitive eating and both lower BMI and better psychological health. Additional research can add to the breadth and depth of these findings. The article concludes with several suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Van Dyke
- Director, Social Research Group & Senior Research Consultant, Market Solutions, 17 Norwood Crescent, Moonee Ponds, Victoria 3039, Australia
| | - Eric J Drinkwater
- School of Human Movement Studies, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia
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Khasteganan N, Lycett D, Turner AP, Farley AC, Lindson-Hawley N, Furze G. Health, not weight loss, focused programmes versus conventional weight loss programmes for cardiovascular risk factors. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Estebsari F, Taghdisi MH, Rahimi Foroushani A, Eftekhar Ardebili H, Shojaeizadeh D. An educational program based on the successful aging approach on health-promoting behaviors in the elderly: a clinical trial study. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2014; 16:e16314. [PMID: 24910805 PMCID: PMC4028778 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.16314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Many criteria of successful aging are directly connected with Health-Promoting Behaviors. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of an educational program based on the successful aging approach on health promoting behaviors in the elderly. Patients and Methods: This clinical trial study was conducted on 464 Iranian elderly people over 60 years who were admitted at Health Houses for 12 months. Participants were selected through a two-stage cluster sampling and were placed in the control and intervention groups (232 participants in each group). The data collection tools included: a demographic checklist, Palmore Facts on Aging Quiz and the second version of Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile. The intervention was designed based on adult strategy education in five 45-minute sessions. The data obtained 3 months after the intervention were compared with the data obtained before the intervention. The data were analyzed using the descriptive and analytical tests such as paired T-test with SPSS version 20, at the statistical significant level 0.05. Results: The mean age of the participants in this study was 65.9 ± 3.6 (range 60-73). Results showed a statistically significant difference between the intervention and control group after the intervention in the mean scores of awareness of aging facts and score of health promoting behaviors. Conclusions: Focusing on successful aging and adopting HPBs can prevent and decrease aging problems which in turn decreases the financial burden and related costs. This is especially important for the policy and decision makers of the health systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Estebsari
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Taghdisi
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Mohammad Hossein Taghdisi, Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Alvand Ave., Tehran, IR Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-2188779118, E-mail:
| | - Abbas Rahimi Foroushani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Hasan Eftekhar Ardebili
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Davoud Shojaeizadeh
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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Schaefer JT, Magnuson AB. A review of interventions that promote eating by internal cues. J Acad Nutr Diet 2014; 114:734-60. [PMID: 24631111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2013.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Traditional diet programs that encourage individuals to consciously restrict their dietary intake have not only been ineffective in terms of weight outcomes, but have also been counterproductive, promoting psychological distress and unhealthy eating behaviors. Nondiet approaches shift the focus away from weight outcomes to the improvement of health outcomes and psychological well-being. One such approach, intuitive eating, promotes dietary intake based on internal cues of hunger and fullness, body acceptance, and making behavior choices based on health as well as enjoyment. Several studies have implemented such ideas into intervention programs. The purpose of our review was to examine the physical and psychological effects of these programs. Twenty interventions were identified. Overall, studies had positive results, demonstrating improvements in eating habits, lifestyle, and body image as measured by dietary restraint, restrictive dieting, physical activity, body satisfaction, and drive for thinness. Participants also experienced improved psychological health as measured by depression, ineffectiveness, anxiety, self-esteem, negative affect, and quality of life. Several improvements were sustained through follow-up periods as long as 2 years. Completion rates were as high as 92% in nondieting groups. In addition, improvements in eating behaviors and maintaining a nondiet approach, increased self-esteem, and decreased body dissatisfaction were sustained long-term. Overall, studies that encourage individuals to eat intuitively help participants abandon unhealthy weight control behaviors, improve metabolic fitness, increase body satisfaction, and improve psychological distress. Results from our review favor the promotion of programs that emphasize a nonrestrictive pattern of eating, body acceptance, and health rather than weight loss.
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Bloom L, Shelton B, Bengough M, Brennan L. Psychosocial outcomes of a non-dieting based positive body image community program for overweight adults: a pilot study. J Eat Disord 2013; 1:44. [PMID: 24999422 PMCID: PMC4081825 DOI: 10.1186/2050-2974-1-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The limited success of traditional diet focused obesity interventions has led to the development of alternative non-dieting approaches. The current study evaluated the impact of a community based non-dieting positive body image program for overweight/obese people on a range of psychosocial outcomes. The characteristics of this real-world sample presenting for a non-dieting weight management intervention are also described. METHOD Overweight and obese participants enrolled in the eight week 'No More Diets' (NMD) group program completed self-report questionnaires assessing disordered eating thoughts and behaviours, body image, motivation for exercise and psychopathology pre- and post-treatment. RESULTS Participants (n = 17; 16 female) were aged between 19 and 78 years, with a BMI ranging from 25.2 kg/m(2) (Overweight) to 55.9 kg/m(2) (Severely Obese). They reported elevated levels of eating disorder pathology, body shape preoccupation, depression, anxiety and stress compared to community norms (p < .05). Following treatment there were significant improvements in reported body shape preoccupation, shape concern and eating attitudes (p < .05), and clinically significant changes (small to medium effect sizes; 0.3-0.35) for improvements in reported weight concern, eating competence, stress and health evaluation. There were no changes in reported dietary restraint, emotional eating and uncontrolled eating, or eating concern (p > .05). CONCLUSION Individuals presenting for the NMD program demonstrated increased eating disorder pathology and more generalised psychopathology compared to community norms. The NMD program was particularly beneficial for body image and shape concern. Addressing these body image factors may help to address some of the perpetuating factors of obesity and disordered eating, which are often not addressed in the traditional diet-based weight loss interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bloom
- School of Health Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Beth Shelton
- MonashLink Community Health Service, Melbourne, Australia
- Southern Health Wellness Recovery Adult Outpatient Eating Disorder Service, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melissa Bengough
- Southern Health Wellness Recovery Adult Outpatient Eating Disorder Service, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Leah Brennan
- School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
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Madden CEL, Leong SL, Gray A, Horwath CC. Eating in response to hunger and satiety signals is related to BMI in a nationwide sample of 1601 mid-age New Zealand women. Public Health Nutr 2012; 15:2272-9. [PMID: 22443858 PMCID: PMC10271589 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980012000882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between eating in response to hunger and satiety signals (intuitive eating) and BMI. A second objective was to determine whether the hypothesized higher BMI in less intuitive eaters could be explained by the intake of specific foods, speed of eating or binge eating. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. Participants were randomly selected from a nationally representative sampling frame. Eating in response to hunger and satiety signals (termed 'intuitive eating'), self-reported height and weight, frequency of binge eating, speed of eating and usual intakes of fruits, vegetables and selected high-fat and/or high-sugar foods were measured. SETTING Nationwide study, New Zealand. SUBJECTS Women (n 2500) aged 40-50 years randomly selected from New Zealand electoral rolls, including Māori rolls (66 % response rate; n 1601). RESULTS Intuitive Eating Scale (IES) scores were significantly associated with BMI in an inverse direction, after adjusting for potential confounding variables. When controlling for confounding variables, as well as potential mediators, the inverse association between intuitive eating (potential range of IES score: 21-105) and BMI was only slightly attenuated and remained statistically significant (5.1 % decrease in BMI for every 10-unit increase in intuitive eating; 95 % CI 4.2, 6.1 %; P < 0.001). The relationship between intuitive eating and BMI was partially mediated by frequency of binge eating. CONCLUSIONS Eating in response to hunger and satiety signals is strongly associated with lower BMI in mid-age women. The direction of causality needs to be investigated in longitudinal studies and randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara EL Madden
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Sook Ling Leong
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Gray
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Caroline C Horwath
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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Thomas SL, Lewis S, Hyde J, Castle D, Komesaroff P. "The solution needs to be complex." Obese adults' attitudes about the effectiveness of individual and population based interventions for obesity. BMC Public Health 2010; 10:420. [PMID: 20633250 PMCID: PMC2912819 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies of public perceptions of obesity interventions have been quantitative and based on general population surveys. This study aims to explore the opinions and attitudes of obese individuals towards population and individual interventions for obesity in Australia. METHODS Qualitative methods using in-depth semi-structured telephone interviews with a community sample of obese adults (Body Mass Index >or=30). Theoretical, purposive and strategic recruitment techniques were used to ensure a broad sample of obese individuals with different types of experiences with their obesity. Participants were asked about their attitudes towards three population based interventions (regulation, media campaigns, and public health initiatives) and three individual interventions (tailored fitness programs, commercial dieting, and gastric banding surgery), and the effectiveness of these interventions. RESULTS One hundred and forty two individuals (19-75 years) were interviewed. Participants strongly supported non-commercial interventions that were focused on encouraging individuals to make healthy lifestyle changes (regulation, physical activity programs, and public health initiatives). There was less support for interventions perceived to be invasive or high risk (gastric band surgery), stigmatising (media campaigns), or commercially motivated and promoting weight loss techniques (commercial diets and gastric banding surgery). CONCLUSION Obese adults support non-commercial, non-stigmatising interventions which are designed to improve lifestyles, rather than promote weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Thomas
- Consumer Health Research Group (CHaRGe), Primary Care Research Unit, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sophie Lewis
- Consumer Health Research Group (CHaRGe), Primary Care Research Unit, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jim Hyde
- Department of Health, Victoria and Faculty of Medicine, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Castle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul Komesaroff
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Lim SS, Norman RJ, Clifton PM, Noakes M. Psychological effects of prescriptive vs general lifestyle advice for weight loss in young women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 109:1917-21. [PMID: 19857635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2009.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of prescriptive lifestyle advice with quantifiable dietary and physical goals compared to general lifestyle advice on weight and psychological outcomes in young women with overweight or obesity. A total of 203 women (body mass index 33.3+/-0.3, age 28+/-0.3 years) received either prescriptive or general lifestyle advice for weight loss over 12 weeks. Linear mixed models found that the prescriptive lifestyle advice group had significantly greater weight loss (4.2+/-0.4 kg vs 0.6+/-0.2 kg, P<0.001) compared to the general lifestyle advice group. However, the prescriptive lifestyle advice group also had greater attrition (48% vs 31%, P<0.05) compared to the general lifestyle advice group. Linear mixed models found that the prescriptive lifestyle advice group had greater improvement in psychological distress (-3.0+/-0.04 vs -1.1+/-0.01, P<0.05) and in self-esteem (3.2+/-0.8 vs -0.04+/-0.04, P<0.001) compared to the general lifestyle advice group. Changes in psychological distress and self-esteem remained significantly different between groups after correcting for weight loss. Food cravings decreased significantly over time without group differences (P<0.001 for time). Weight locus of control remained unchanged in either group (P>0.05). Drop-outs had greater baseline psychological distress (15.1+/-0.7 vs 12.5+/-0.4, P<0.01) and higher food cravings (2.42+/-0.07 vs 2.24+/-0.05, P=0.049) compared to completers. In conclusion, a prescriptive approach is associated with greater weight loss and greater improvements in psychological outcomes in young women compared to general lifestyle advice. However, these quantitative targets should be accompanied with qualitative advice on how they could be met in a variety of circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew S Lim
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, Adelaide University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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