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Windle M, Lee HD, Cherng ST, Lesko CR, Hanrahan C, Jackson JW, McAdams-DeMarco M, Ehrhardt S, Baral SD, D’Souza G, Dowdy DW. From Epidemiologic Knowledge to Improved Health: A Vision for Translational Epidemiology. Am J Epidemiol 2019; 188:2049-2060. [PMID: 30927354 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwz085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiology should aim to improve population health; however, no consensus exists regarding the activities and skills that should be prioritized to achieve this goal. We performed a scoping review of articles addressing the translation of epidemiologic knowledge into improved population health outcomes. We identified 5 themes in the translational epidemiology literature: foundations of epidemiologic thinking, evidence-based public health or medicine, epidemiologic education, implementation science, and community-engaged research (including literature on community-based participatory research). We then identified 5 priority areas for advancing translational epidemiology: 1) scientific engagement with public health; 2) public health communication; 3) epidemiologic education; 4) epidemiology and implementation; and 5) community involvement. Using these priority areas as a starting point, we developed a conceptual framework of translational epidemiology that emphasizes interconnectedness and feedback among epidemiology, foundational science, and public health stakeholders. We also identified 2-5 representative principles in each priority area that could serve as the basis for advancing a vision of translational epidemiology. We believe an emphasis on translational epidemiology can help the broader field to increase the efficiency of translating epidemiologic knowledge into improved health outcomes and to achieve its goal of improving population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Windle
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore Maryland
| | - Hojoon D Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore Maryland
| | - Sarah T Cherng
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore Maryland
| | - Catherine R Lesko
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore Maryland
| | - Colleen Hanrahan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore Maryland
| | - John W Jackson
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore Maryland
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore Maryland
| | - Mara McAdams-DeMarco
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore Maryland
| | - Stephan Ehrhardt
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore Maryland
| | - Stefan D Baral
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore Maryland
| | - Gypsyamber D’Souza
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore Maryland
| | - David W Dowdy
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore Maryland
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Welch V, Jull J, Petkovic J, Armstrong R, Boyer Y, Cuervo LG, Edwards S, Lydiatt A, Gough D, Grimshaw J, Kristjansson E, Mbuagbaw L, McGowan J, Moher D, Pantoja T, Petticrew M, Pottie K, Rader T, Shea B, Taljaard M, Waters E, Weijer C, Wells GA, White H, Whitehead M, Tugwell P. Protocol for the development of a CONSORT-equity guideline to improve reporting of health equity in randomized trials. Implement Sci 2015; 10:146. [PMID: 26490367 PMCID: PMC4618136 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-015-0332-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health equity concerns the absence of avoidable and unfair differences in health. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) can provide evidence about the impact of an intervention on health equity for specific disadvantaged populations or in general populations; this is important for equity-focused decision-making. Previous work has identified a lack of adequate reporting guidelines for assessing health equity in RCTs. The objective of this study is to develop guidelines to improve the reporting of health equity considerations in RCTs, as an extension of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT). METHODS/DESIGN A six-phase study using integrated knowledge translation governed by a study executive and advisory board will assemble empirical evidence to inform the CONSORT-equity extension. To create the guideline, the following steps are proposed: (1) develop a conceptual framework for identifying "equity-relevant trials," (2) assess empirical evidence regarding reporting of equity-relevant trials, (3) consult with global methods and content experts on how to improve reporting of health equity in RCTs, (4) collect broad feedback and prioritize items needed to improve reporting of health equity in RCTs, (5) establish consensus on the CONSORT-equity extension: the guideline for equity-relevant trials, and (6) broadly disseminate and implement the CONSORT-equity extension. DISCUSSION This work will be relevant to a broad range of RCTs addressing questions of effectiveness for strategies to improve practice and policy in the areas of social determinants of health, clinical care, health systems, public health, and international development, where health and/or access to health care is a primary outcome. The outcomes include a reporting guideline (CONSORT-equity extension) for equity-relevant RCTs and a knowledge translation strategy to broadly encourage its uptake and use by journal editors, authors, and funding agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Welch
- Bruyère Research Institute, Bruyère Continuing Care and University of Ottawa, 85 Primrose, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - J Jull
- Bruyère Research Institute, Bruyère Continuing Care and University of Ottawa, 85 Primrose, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - J Petkovic
- Bruyère Research Institute, Bruyère Continuing Care and University of Ottawa, 85 Primrose, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - R Armstrong
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, 5/207 Bouverie St Carlton 3010, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Y Boyer
- Canada Research Chair in Aboriginal Health and Wellness, Brandon University, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - L G Cuervo
- Research Promotion and Development Office of Knowledge Management, Bioethics and Research Pan American Health Organization, World Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Sjl Edwards
- Research Ethics and Governance, University College London, London, England.
| | - A Lydiatt
- Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - D Gough
- Department of Social Science, University College London, London, UK.
| | - J Grimshaw
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Medicine University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - E Kristjansson
- School of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - L Mbuagbaw
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,Biostatistics Unit, Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Centre, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,Centre for the Development of Best Practices in Health (CDBPH), Yaoundé Central Hospital, Avenue Henri Dunant, Messa, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - J McGowan
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - D Moher
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - T Pantoja
- Department of Family Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Centro Médico San Joaquín Vicuña Mackenna 4686, Macul, Santiago, Chile.
| | - M Petticrew
- Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, Public Health Evaluation, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England.
| | - K Pottie
- Departments of Family Medicine and Epidemiology and Community Medicine Primary Care Research Group and Equity Methods Group, Bruyere Research Institute; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - T Rader
- Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technology in Health, 865 Carling Ave Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - B Shea
- Bruyère Research Institute, Bruyère Continuing Care and University of Ottawa, 85 Primrose, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - M Taljaard
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - E Waters
- Public Health Insight, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, 5/207 Bouverie St Carlton 3010, Victoria, Australia.
| | - C Weijer
- Rotman Institute of Philosophy, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - G A Wells
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - H White
- Alfred Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
| | - M Whitehead
- Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - P Tugwell
- Bruyère Research Institute, Bruyère Continuing Care and University of Ottawa, 85 Primrose, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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