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Brenner DR, Poirier A, Woods RR, Ellison LF, Billette JM, Demers AA, Zhang SX, Yao C, Finley C, Fitzgerald N, Saint-Jacques N, Shack L, Turner D, Holmes E. Projected estimates of cancer in Canada in 2022. CMAJ 2022; 194:E601-E607. [PMID: 35500919 PMCID: PMC9067380 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.212097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular cancer surveillance is crucial for understanding where progress is being made and where more must be done. We sought to provide an overview of the expected burden of cancer in Canada in 2022. METHODS We obtained data on new cancer incidence from the National Cancer Incidence Reporting System (1984-1991) and Canadian Cancer Registry (1992-2018). Mortality data (1984-2019) were obtained from the Canadian Vital Statistics - Death Database. We projected cancer incidence and mortality counts and rates to 2022 for 22 cancer types by sex and province or territory. Rates were age standardized to the 2011 Canadian standard population. RESULTS An estimated 233 900 new cancer cases and 85 100 cancer deaths are expected in Canada in 2022. We expect the most commonly diagnosed cancers to be lung overall (30 000), breast in females (28 600) and prostate in males (24 600). We also expect lung cancer to be the leading cause of cancer death, accounting for 24.3% of all cancer deaths, followed by colorectal (11.0%), pancreatic (6.7%) and breast cancers (6.5%). Incidence and mortality rates are generally expected to be higher in the eastern provinces of Canada than the western provinces. INTERPRETATION Although overall cancer rates are declining, the number of cases and deaths continues to climb, owing to population growth and the aging population. The projected high burden of lung cancer indicates a need for increased tobacco control and improvements in early detection and treatment. Success in breast and colorectal cancer screening and treatment likely account for the continued decline in their burden. The limited progress in early detection and new treatments for pancreatic cancer explains why it is expected to be the third leading cause of cancer death in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren R Brenner
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences (Brenner), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Brenner, Poirier), CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Population Oncology (Woods), BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Population Health Data (Ellison, Billette, Zhang, Yao), Statistics Canada; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Demers), Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Surgery (Finley), McMaster University, St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Performance (Fitzgerald), Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, Ont.; Nova Scotia Health Cancer Care Program (Saint-Jacques), Halifax, NS; Population Oncology (Shack), Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Surveillance and Reporting (Turner), Cancer Care Alberta, Calgary, Alta.; Cancer Information and Policy Department (Holmes), Canadian Cancer Society, Toronto, Ont.
| | - Abbey Poirier
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences (Brenner), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Brenner, Poirier), CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Population Oncology (Woods), BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Population Health Data (Ellison, Billette, Zhang, Yao), Statistics Canada; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Demers), Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Surgery (Finley), McMaster University, St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Performance (Fitzgerald), Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, Ont.; Nova Scotia Health Cancer Care Program (Saint-Jacques), Halifax, NS; Population Oncology (Shack), Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Surveillance and Reporting (Turner), Cancer Care Alberta, Calgary, Alta.; Cancer Information and Policy Department (Holmes), Canadian Cancer Society, Toronto, Ont
| | - Ryan R Woods
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences (Brenner), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Brenner, Poirier), CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Population Oncology (Woods), BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Population Health Data (Ellison, Billette, Zhang, Yao), Statistics Canada; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Demers), Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Surgery (Finley), McMaster University, St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Performance (Fitzgerald), Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, Ont.; Nova Scotia Health Cancer Care Program (Saint-Jacques), Halifax, NS; Population Oncology (Shack), Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Surveillance and Reporting (Turner), Cancer Care Alberta, Calgary, Alta.; Cancer Information and Policy Department (Holmes), Canadian Cancer Society, Toronto, Ont
| | - Larry F Ellison
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences (Brenner), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Brenner, Poirier), CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Population Oncology (Woods), BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Population Health Data (Ellison, Billette, Zhang, Yao), Statistics Canada; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Demers), Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Surgery (Finley), McMaster University, St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Performance (Fitzgerald), Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, Ont.; Nova Scotia Health Cancer Care Program (Saint-Jacques), Halifax, NS; Population Oncology (Shack), Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Surveillance and Reporting (Turner), Cancer Care Alberta, Calgary, Alta.; Cancer Information and Policy Department (Holmes), Canadian Cancer Society, Toronto, Ont
| | - Jean-Michel Billette
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences (Brenner), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Brenner, Poirier), CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Population Oncology (Woods), BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Population Health Data (Ellison, Billette, Zhang, Yao), Statistics Canada; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Demers), Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Surgery (Finley), McMaster University, St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Performance (Fitzgerald), Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, Ont.; Nova Scotia Health Cancer Care Program (Saint-Jacques), Halifax, NS; Population Oncology (Shack), Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Surveillance and Reporting (Turner), Cancer Care Alberta, Calgary, Alta.; Cancer Information and Policy Department (Holmes), Canadian Cancer Society, Toronto, Ont
| | - Alain A Demers
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences (Brenner), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Brenner, Poirier), CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Population Oncology (Woods), BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Population Health Data (Ellison, Billette, Zhang, Yao), Statistics Canada; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Demers), Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Surgery (Finley), McMaster University, St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Performance (Fitzgerald), Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, Ont.; Nova Scotia Health Cancer Care Program (Saint-Jacques), Halifax, NS; Population Oncology (Shack), Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Surveillance and Reporting (Turner), Cancer Care Alberta, Calgary, Alta.; Cancer Information and Policy Department (Holmes), Canadian Cancer Society, Toronto, Ont
| | - Shary Xinyu Zhang
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences (Brenner), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Brenner, Poirier), CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Population Oncology (Woods), BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Population Health Data (Ellison, Billette, Zhang, Yao), Statistics Canada; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Demers), Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Surgery (Finley), McMaster University, St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Performance (Fitzgerald), Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, Ont.; Nova Scotia Health Cancer Care Program (Saint-Jacques), Halifax, NS; Population Oncology (Shack), Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Surveillance and Reporting (Turner), Cancer Care Alberta, Calgary, Alta.; Cancer Information and Policy Department (Holmes), Canadian Cancer Society, Toronto, Ont
| | - Chunhe Yao
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences (Brenner), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Brenner, Poirier), CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Population Oncology (Woods), BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Population Health Data (Ellison, Billette, Zhang, Yao), Statistics Canada; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Demers), Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Surgery (Finley), McMaster University, St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Performance (Fitzgerald), Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, Ont.; Nova Scotia Health Cancer Care Program (Saint-Jacques), Halifax, NS; Population Oncology (Shack), Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Surveillance and Reporting (Turner), Cancer Care Alberta, Calgary, Alta.; Cancer Information and Policy Department (Holmes), Canadian Cancer Society, Toronto, Ont
| | - Christian Finley
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences (Brenner), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Brenner, Poirier), CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Population Oncology (Woods), BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Population Health Data (Ellison, Billette, Zhang, Yao), Statistics Canada; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Demers), Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Surgery (Finley), McMaster University, St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Performance (Fitzgerald), Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, Ont.; Nova Scotia Health Cancer Care Program (Saint-Jacques), Halifax, NS; Population Oncology (Shack), Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Surveillance and Reporting (Turner), Cancer Care Alberta, Calgary, Alta.; Cancer Information and Policy Department (Holmes), Canadian Cancer Society, Toronto, Ont
| | - Natalie Fitzgerald
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences (Brenner), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Brenner, Poirier), CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Population Oncology (Woods), BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Population Health Data (Ellison, Billette, Zhang, Yao), Statistics Canada; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Demers), Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Surgery (Finley), McMaster University, St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Performance (Fitzgerald), Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, Ont.; Nova Scotia Health Cancer Care Program (Saint-Jacques), Halifax, NS; Population Oncology (Shack), Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Surveillance and Reporting (Turner), Cancer Care Alberta, Calgary, Alta.; Cancer Information and Policy Department (Holmes), Canadian Cancer Society, Toronto, Ont
| | - Nathalie Saint-Jacques
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences (Brenner), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Brenner, Poirier), CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Population Oncology (Woods), BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Population Health Data (Ellison, Billette, Zhang, Yao), Statistics Canada; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Demers), Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Surgery (Finley), McMaster University, St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Performance (Fitzgerald), Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, Ont.; Nova Scotia Health Cancer Care Program (Saint-Jacques), Halifax, NS; Population Oncology (Shack), Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Surveillance and Reporting (Turner), Cancer Care Alberta, Calgary, Alta.; Cancer Information and Policy Department (Holmes), Canadian Cancer Society, Toronto, Ont
| | - Lorraine Shack
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences (Brenner), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Brenner, Poirier), CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Population Oncology (Woods), BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Population Health Data (Ellison, Billette, Zhang, Yao), Statistics Canada; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Demers), Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Surgery (Finley), McMaster University, St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Performance (Fitzgerald), Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, Ont.; Nova Scotia Health Cancer Care Program (Saint-Jacques), Halifax, NS; Population Oncology (Shack), Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Surveillance and Reporting (Turner), Cancer Care Alberta, Calgary, Alta.; Cancer Information and Policy Department (Holmes), Canadian Cancer Society, Toronto, Ont
| | - Donna Turner
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences (Brenner), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Brenner, Poirier), CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Population Oncology (Woods), BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Population Health Data (Ellison, Billette, Zhang, Yao), Statistics Canada; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Demers), Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Surgery (Finley), McMaster University, St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Performance (Fitzgerald), Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, Ont.; Nova Scotia Health Cancer Care Program (Saint-Jacques), Halifax, NS; Population Oncology (Shack), Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Surveillance and Reporting (Turner), Cancer Care Alberta, Calgary, Alta.; Cancer Information and Policy Department (Holmes), Canadian Cancer Society, Toronto, Ont
| | - Elizabeth Holmes
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences (Brenner), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Brenner, Poirier), CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Population Oncology (Woods), BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC; Centre for Population Health Data (Ellison, Billette, Zhang, Yao), Statistics Canada; Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research (Demers), Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.; Departments of Surgery (Finley), McMaster University, St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, Hamilton, Ont.; Performance (Fitzgerald), Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, Ont.; Nova Scotia Health Cancer Care Program (Saint-Jacques), Halifax, NS; Population Oncology (Shack), Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Surveillance and Reporting (Turner), Cancer Care Alberta, Calgary, Alta.; Cancer Information and Policy Department (Holmes), Canadian Cancer Society, Toronto, Ont
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Ruan Y, Poirier AE, Pader J, Asakawa K, Lu C, Memon S, Miller AB, Walter SD, Villeneuve PJ, King WD, Volesky KD, Smith L, De P, Friedenreich CM, Brenner DR. Estimating the future cancer management costs attributable to modifiable risk factors in Canada. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2021; 112:1083-1092. [PMID: 34036521 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-021-00502-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES An estimated 33-37% of incident cancers in Canada are attributable to modifiable risk factors. Interventions targeting these risk factors would minimize the substantial health and economic burdens Canadians face due to cancer. We estimate the future health and economic burden of cancer in Canada by incorporating data from the Canadian Population Attributable Risk of Cancer (ComPARe) study into OncoSim, a web-based microsimulation tool. METHODS Using the integrated OncoSim population attributable risk and population impact measures, we evaluated risk factor-targeted intervention scenarios implemented in 2020, assuming the targeted risk factor prevalence reduction would be achieved by 2032 with a 12-year latency period. RESULTS We estimate that smoking will be the largest contributor to cancer-related costs, with a cost of CAD $44.4 billion between 2032 and 2044. An estimated CAD $3.3 billion of the cost could be avoided with a 30% reduction in smoking prevalence by 2022. Following smoking, the next highest cancer management costs are associated with inadequate physical activity and excess body weight, accounting for CAD $10.7 billion ($2.7 billion avoidable) and CAD $9.8 billion ($3.2 billion avoidable), respectively. Avoidable costs for other risk factors range from CAD $90 million to CAD $2.5 billion. CONCLUSION Interventions targeting modifiable cancer risk factors could prevent a substantial number of incident cancer cases and billions of dollars in cancer management costs. With limited budgets and rising costs in cancer care in Canada, these simulation models and results are valuable for researchers and policymakers to inform decisions and prioritize and evaluate intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Ruan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, T2S 3C3, Canada
| | - Abbey E Poirier
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, T2S 3C3, Canada
| | - Joy Pader
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, T2S 3C3, Canada
| | | | - Chaohui Lu
- Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Saima Memon
- Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony B Miller
- Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen D Walter
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul J Villeneuve
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Will D King
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karena D Volesky
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Leah Smith
- Canadian Cancer Society, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Christine M Friedenreich
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, T2S 3C3, Canada.,Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Darren R Brenner
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, T2S 3C3, Canada. .,Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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8
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Bernhard GH, Neale RE, Barnes PW, Neale PJ, Zepp RG, Wilson SR, Andrady AL, Bais AF, McKenzie RL, Aucamp PJ, Young PJ, Liley JB, Lucas RM, Yazar S, Rhodes LE, Byrne SN, Hollestein LM, Olsen CM, Young AR, Robson TM, Bornman JF, Jansen MAK, Robinson SA, Ballaré CL, Williamson CE, Rose KC, Banaszak AT, Häder DP, Hylander S, Wängberg SÅ, Austin AT, Hou WC, Paul ND, Madronich S, Sulzberger B, Solomon KR, Li H, Schikowski T, Longstreth J, Pandey KK, Heikkilä AM, White CC. Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, update 2019. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:542-584. [PMID: 32364555 PMCID: PMC7442302 DOI: 10.1039/d0pp90011g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This assessment, by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP), one of three Panels informing the Parties to the Montreal Protocol, provides an update, since our previous extensive assessment (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2019, 18, 595-828), of recent findings of current and projected interactive environmental effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, stratospheric ozone, and climate change. These effects include those on human health, air quality, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, biogeochemical cycles, and materials used in construction and other services. The present update evaluates further evidence of the consequences of human activity on climate change that are altering the exposure of organisms and ecosystems to UV radiation. This in turn reveals the interactive effects of many climate change factors with UV radiation that have implications for the atmosphere, feedbacks, contaminant fate and transport, organismal responses, and many outdoor materials including plastics, wood, and fabrics. The universal ratification of the Montreal Protocol, signed by 197 countries, has led to the regulation and phase-out of chemicals that deplete the stratospheric ozone layer. Although this treaty has had unprecedented success in protecting the ozone layer, and hence all life on Earth from damaging UV radiation, it is also making a substantial contribution to reducing climate warming because many of the chemicals under this treaty are greenhouse gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Bernhard
- Biospherical Instruments Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - R E Neale
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - P W Barnes
- Biological Sciences and Environment Program, Loyola University, New Orleans, USA
| | - P J Neale
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, USA
| | - R G Zepp
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - S R Wilson
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - A L Andrady
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - A F Bais
- Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - R L McKenzie
- National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research, Lauder, Central Otago, New Zealand
| | - P J Aucamp
- Ptersa Environmental Consultants, Faerie Glen, South Africa
| | - P J Young
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - J B Liley
- National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research, Lauder, Central Otago, New Zealand
| | - R M Lucas
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - S Yazar
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - L E Rhodes
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, and Salford Royal Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - S N Byrne
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - L M Hollestein
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Manchester, The Netherlands
| | - C M Olsen
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - A R Young
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College, London, London, UK
| | - T M Robson
- Organismal & Evolutionary Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J F Bornman
- Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.
| | - M A K Jansen
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - S A Robinson
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - C L Ballaré
- Faculty of Agronomy and IFEVA-CONICET, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C E Williamson
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - K C Rose
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - A T Banaszak
- Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto Morelos, Mexico
| | - D -P Häder
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University, Möhrendorf, Germany
| | - S Hylander
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - S -Å Wängberg
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A T Austin
- Faculty of Agronomy and IFEVA-CONICET, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - W -C Hou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan, China
| | - N D Paul
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - S Madronich
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - B Sulzberger
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - K R Solomon
- Centre for Toxicology, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - H Li
- Institute of Atmospheric Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - T Schikowski
- Research Group of Environmental Epidemiology, Leibniz Institute of Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - J Longstreth
- Institute for Global Risk Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - K K Pandey
- Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Bengaluru, India
| | - A M Heikkilä
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - C C White
- , 5409 Mohican Rd, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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