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Nedim A, Naz I, Felekoglu E, Kopruluoglu M, Kinik M. Comparing Physical Activity and Quality of Life of Caregivers of Children With Physical Disabilities and Typically Developing Children. Percept Mot Skills 2023; 130:2465-2483. [PMID: 37682729 DOI: 10.1177/00315125231201591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
There are conflicting reports of the level of physical activity (PA) and its relationship to quality of life (QoL) among caregivers of children with physical disabilities (CwPD). In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to compare the PA levels and QoL of two groups of caregivers - a CwPD group and caregivers of typically developing children (CwTD). We included 32 family caregivers in the CwPD group (22 women, 10 men; M age = 42.1, SD = 6.2 years) and 32 caregivers in the CwTD group (24 women, 8 men; M age = 42.3, SD = 6.1 years). We assessed PA with the International Physical Activity Scale-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) and self-reported activity diaries, and we assessed QoL with the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire. Although the IPAQ scores and sitting times of caregivers in these two groups were not statistically different (p > .05), many parameters of self-reported activity diary data and total energy expenditure were significantly higher in the CwPD than the CwTD group (p < .05, effect size = .53-1.10). The CwPD group reported a lower QoL according to the SF-36 and its sub-scores (p < .05, effect size = .54-.77), and higher PA levels than those in the CwTD group. In the CwPD group, moderate, vigorous, and total PA scores were mildly to moderately associated with the total Qol score, and many of its subscores (r = .36 to .60, p < .05). The lower quality of life observed in CwPD, despite high-intensity physical activity levels, suggested that investigators and care providers should consider QoL in the CwPD group to be multifactorial and that here is a need for caregiver interventions to enhance QoL in this underserved population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Nedim
- Institute of Health Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Naz
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Elvan Felekoglu
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Melissa Kopruluoglu
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Merve Kinik
- Institute of Health Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
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Zan H, Shin SH. The positive impact of informal spousal caregiving on the physical activity of older adults. Front Public Health 2022; 10:977846. [PMID: 36589971 PMCID: PMC9800888 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.977846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although physical activity (PA) is crucial for health, the literature is mixed about how individuals' PA decisions are affected by their spouses. To fill this gap, we examined the extent to which providing care for one spouse affects the PA of the other spouse among those aged 50 or older in the United States. Methods We analyzed 9,173 older adults living with their spouses or partners from the 2004 to 2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study. To identify the causal effect of spousal caregiving on the PA of older adults, we estimated individual-fixed effects models using a two-stage least squared instrumental variable approach with spousal falls as our instrument. We also estimated the models by splitting the sample by gender and race/ethnicity to identify heterogeneous impacts of spousal caregiving on PA decisions among subgroups. Results We found that a one percentage point increase in the probability of providing care to spouses led to an increase in the probability of initiating moderate or vigorous PA (MVPA) by 0.34-0.52 percentage points. This effect was salient, especially among female and non-Hispanic white older adults. Discussion Caregiving experience might provide opportunities to learn about caregiving burdens and trigger an emotional response about the salience of an event (i.e., they need care in the future). Older caregivers might start MVPA in an effort to improve or maintain their health and avoid burdening their families for caregiving in the future. This study demonstrated spousal influence on PA. Instead of delivering PA-promotion information (e.g., the harm of sedentary lifestyle and benefits of regular PA) to individuals, risk communication and education efforts on PA promotion might be more effective considering the family context. Family events such as health shocks or the emergence of caregiving needs from family members provide windows of opportunities for intervening. Subgroup differences should also be considered in targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zan
- Center on the Family, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States,*Correspondence: Hua Zan, ✉
| | - Su Hyun Shin
- Department of Family and Consumer Studies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Quality of Life, Mental Health, and Level of Physical Activity in Colombian University Workers: A Longitudinal Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11144104. [PMID: 35887867 PMCID: PMC9322187 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11144104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a strong influence on people’s quality of life, and the different restrictive measures during the phases of the pandemic have had consequences for physical and mental health. This study determined the changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL), sleep quality, depression symptoms (DS), and physical activity (PA) level of middle-aged Colombian university personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis was performed following a longitudinal design on a sample of 354 people at four points before and during the pandemic. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), the SF-12v2, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (ZSDS) were included in an online survey. The measurements showed a decrease in quality of life with respect to PCS from 91.66 ± 10.78 to 83.64 ± 17.22 (p = 0.000) and MCS from 87.57 ± 12.23 to 80.90 ± 17.31, while poor sleep quality increased from 25.99% to 47.46% (p = 0.000), with DS reaching the peak during mandatory confinement (14.69%). Regarding the level of physical activity, the period of mandatory confinement inverted the proportion, highlighting active people as a minority (32.2%). In the multivariate analysis, we adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and socioeconomic level, discarding confounding effects and their interactions with the results obtained. In conclusion, this study showed that the pandemic has had a negative impact on sleep quality, HRQoL, DS, and PA level.
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Denche-Zamorano Á, Muñoz-Bermejo L, Carlos-Vivas J, Mendoza-Muñoz M, Franco-García JM, Rojo-Ramos J, Vega-Muñoz A, Contreras-Barraza N, Barrios-Fernandez S. A Cross-Sectional Study about the Associations between Physical Activity Level, Self-Perceived Health Perception and Mental Health in Informal Caregivers of Elderly or People with Chronic Conditions in Spain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:5320. [PMID: 35564725 PMCID: PMC9101566 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Providing informal care for older people, or people with chronic conditions, is associated with poorer physical and mental health and reduced quality of life. This task, in many cases, often relies on the women in the immediate family. Physical activity (PA) is a tool to enhance caregivers' physical and mental health and their quality of life. Thus, this study aimed to analyse the associations between the physical activity level (PAL), self-perceived health (SPH) and mental health (SM) and its factors (positive coping, self-esteem, and stress) by conducting a cross-sectional study by using data from in the National Health Survey 2017 (ENSE 2017), the last one before the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample included 2225 caregivers (866 men and 1361 women). Descriptive analysis and non-parametric statistical tests, including chi-square, the Kruskal-Wallis test, the Mann-Whitney U test, and the Spearman's rho correlation coefficient, were used. Dependence relationships were found between PAL and SPH and MH and their factors. The population groups that performed moderate or vigorous PA showed better results in both SPH and MH. Women scored worse than men in all the variables analysed. Hence, intense, or moderate PA practice may improve SPH and MH in Spanish informal caregivers, requiring the implementation of policies and programs considering the differences found between men and women in PAL, SPH, and MH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Denche-Zamorano
- Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSO), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (Á.D.-Z.); (J.C.-V.)
| | - Laura Muñoz-Bermejo
- Social Impact and Innovation in Health (InHEALTH), University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (J.R.-R.); (S.B.-F.)
| | - Jorge Carlos-Vivas
- Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSO), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (Á.D.-Z.); (J.C.-V.)
| | - María Mendoza-Muñoz
- Research Group on Physical and Health Literacy and Health-Related Quality of Life (PHYQOL), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain;
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
| | - Juan Manuel Franco-García
- Health Economy Motricity and Education (HEME), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Jorge Rojo-Ramos
- Social Impact and Innovation in Health (InHEALTH), University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (J.R.-R.); (S.B.-F.)
| | - Alejandro Vega-Muñoz
- Public Policy Observatory, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 7500912, Chile;
| | | | - Sabina Barrios-Fernandez
- Social Impact and Innovation in Health (InHEALTH), University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (J.R.-R.); (S.B.-F.)
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Secinti E, Wu W, Kent EE, Demark-Wahnefried W, Lewson AB, Mosher CE. Examining Health Behaviors of Chronic Disease Caregivers in the U.S. Am J Prev Med 2022; 62:e145-e158. [PMID: 34579984 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many informal caregivers experience a significant caregiving burden, which may interfere with their health behaviors. Caregiver health behaviors may vary by disease context, but this has rarely been studied. This study compares the health behaviors of prevalent groups of chronic illness caregivers (i.e., dementia, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/emphysema, diabetes) with those of noncaregivers and examines whether caregiving intensity is associated with these behaviors. METHODS In 2021, using pooled cross-sectional 2015-2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data, health behaviors (i.e., physical activity, diet, alcohol use, smoking, sleep, and influenza immunization) of caregivers of patients with dementia (n=5,525), cancer (n=4,246), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/emphysema (n=1,959), and diabetes (n=2,853) and noncaregivers (n=203,848) were compared. Relationships between caregiving intensity (e.g., hours, type of tasks) and caregiver health behaviors were examined. Regression analyses were used to compare groups. RESULTS Compared with noncaregivers, caregiver groups were more likely to report engaging in both risky (i.e., smoking, shorter sleep duration) and health-promoting (i.e., physical activity, vegetable consumption, abstaining from heavy drinking) behaviors, whereas nonsignificant differences were observed for influenza immunization. Longer caregiving hours and providing help with personal care were associated with poorer health behaviors (e.g., shorter sleep duration). Few differences in health behaviors were observed between caregivers of patients with dementia and other caregiver groups. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that caregivers are more likely to engage in both risky and health-promoting behaviors than noncaregivers. Furthermore, findings suggest that greater caregiving responsibilities are associated with certain risky health behaviors. Findings support the development and implementation of strategies to improve caregivers' health behaviors across disease contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekin Secinti
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana.
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Erin E Kent
- Department of Health Policy and Management, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Wendy Demark-Wahnefried
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professions, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ashley B Lewson
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Catherine E Mosher
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Smith L, Shin JI, Oh H, López Sánchez GF, Underwood B, Jacob L, Veronese N, Soysal P, Butler L, Barnett Y, Tully MA, Koyanagi A. Anxiety symptoms among informal caregivers in 47 low- and middle-income countries: A cross-sectional analysis of community-based surveys. J Affect Disord 2022; 298:532-539. [PMID: 34788685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no multi-country studies on the association between informal caregiving and anxiety from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Therefore, we investigated this relationship in a large predominantly nationally representative sample from 47 LMICs. METHODS Cross sectional data from the World Health Survey were analyzed. Anxiety symptoms referred to severe or extreme problems with worries or anxiety in the past 30 days. Information on caregiving in the past 12 months was obtained. Multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, sex, marital status, education, household size, employment, disability, and country was conducted. Data on 237,952 individuals aged ≥18 years [mean (SD) age 38.4 (16.0) years; 50.8% female] were analyzed. RESULTS After adjustment for potential confounders, caregiving was positively associated with anxiety symptoms (OR = 1.52; 95%CI = 1.40, 1.65). Greater number of caregiving activities was associated with higher odds for anxiety symptoms dose-dependently, with the OR (95%CI) for engagement in 5 activities (vs. no caregiving) being 2.19 (1.86-2.58). CONCLUSION Caregiving is associated with higher odds for anxiety symptoms among adults in LMICs. Given the increasing importance of informal caregivers in long-term care provision and the fact that good health of caregivers is vital to sustain this system, interventions to address mental health of caregivers in LMICs are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Smith
- Cambridge Centre for Health, Performance, and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hans Oh
- Suzanne Dworak Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - Guillermo F López Sánchez
- Vision and Eye Research Institute, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Benjamin Underwood
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, The Gnodde Goldman Sachs Translational Neuroscience Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Louis Jacob
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona 08830, Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Pinar Soysal
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Laurie Butler
- Cambridge Centre for Health, Performance, and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yvonne Barnett
- Cambridge Centre for Health, Performance, and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark A Tully
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health Sciences, Ulster University, Newtownabbey BT15 1ED, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona 08830, Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Pg, Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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The prevalence of physical activity among informal carers: a systematic review of international literature. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-021-00893-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sigmundová D, Sigmund E, Badura P, Hollein T. Parent-Child Physical Activity Association in Families With 4-to 16-Year-Old Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17114015. [PMID: 32516925 PMCID: PMC7312858 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17114015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: The main aim of this study was to quantify the associations between parents’ and children’s physical activity by age, gender, and the day of the week on the basis of a pedometer-measured step count (SC). Methods: The sample comprised data from 4-to 16-year-old children and their parents from the Czech Republic (1102 mother-child dyads and 693 father-child dyads). The parents and their children wore the Yamax SW200 pedometer during seven days of monitoring. Results: The strongest SC association was found between mothers and daughters aged 4–7.9 years on weekdays (rp = 0.402; p < 0.01) and at weekends (rp = 0.577; p < 0.01). In children aged 8–16, the parent-child association is gender-specific, with the father-son relationship being dominant, especially at weekends (weekend SC: fathers-sons8–11.9 y rp = 0.416, p < 0.01; fathers-sons12–16 y rp = 0.443, p < 0.01). An increase of 1000 steps in the fathers (mothers) is associated with an increase of more than 400 (200) steps in their sons (daughters). Conclusions: This study confirms a strong parent-child SC relationship in children younger than eight years of age. In older children, the parent-child SC association is gender-specific and dominated by the father-son relationship, particularly on weekends. The SC associations that are revealed can be used for the development of physical activity programs for adolescents.
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Trajectory of Psychosocial Measures amongst Informal Caregivers: Case-Controlled Study of 1375 Informal Caregivers from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Geriatrics (Basel) 2020; 5:geriatrics5020026. [PMID: 32349243 PMCID: PMC7345989 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics5020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Informal caregivers provide vital support for older adults living in the community with chronic illnesses. The purpose of this study was to assess the psychosocial status of informal caregivers of community-dwelling adults over an eight-year period. Informal caregivers of adult care-recipients were identified from Wave 1 of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) cohort. Multivariate regression analysis models were constructed to assess the association between participant's psychosocial characteristics and informal caregiving. Multilevel modelling explored the psychosocial changes between caregivers and non-caregivers over eight years. 1375 informal caregivers and 2750 age-matched non-caregivers were analyzed. Self-reported loneliness (Odd Ratio (OR): 0.26; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.01-0.51) and relationship status (OR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.16-0.46) were independently associated with caregiving. Caregivers were more socially isolated with less holidaying abroad (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.35-0.66), attendance to church (OR: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.11-0.49), or charity groups (OR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.14-0.55). On multilevel analysis, over time (eight-years), caregivers reported greater loneliness (p < 0.01), change in relationship status (p = 0.01) and reduced control, autonomy, and pleasure (p ≤ 0.01) compared to non-caregivers. Given the deleterious effects caregiving can place on health and wellbeing, further interventions are required to improve these psychosocial factors.
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