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Martín-Calvo N, Usechi A, Fabios E, Gómez SF, López-Gil JF. Television watching during meals is associated with higher ultra-processed food consumption and higher free sugar intake in childhood. Pediatr Obes 2024; 19:e13130. [PMID: 38785294 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) is associated with an increased risk of noncommunicable diseases and mortality in adults. The aim of this study was to analyse the association between mealtime television (TV) watching and UPF consumption in childhood. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants in the SENDO project recruited in 2015-2023 were classified into three categories based on the frequency at which they watched TV during meals. Dietary information was collected with a validated 147-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Generalized mixed models were used to compare mean UPF consumption between groups after accounting for the main confounders. The predictive margins of participants who had a free sugar intake >10% of their energy intake in each category were also calculated. RESULTS Totally 970 subjects (482 girls) with a mean age of 5.00 years (SD = 0.85) were studied. Children who watched TV during meals ≥4 times/week consumed a mean of 4.67% more energy from UPF than those who watch TV <3 times/month. The adjusted proportions of children who had a free sugar intake >10% of their energy intake in the categories of <3 times/month, 1-3 times/week and ≥4 times/week exposure to TV during meals were 44.9%, 45.9% and 58.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION TV watching during meals is associated with higher consumption of UPFs and a higher risk of exceeding 10% of TEI in free sugar intake in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Martín-Calvo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Medical Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ane Usechi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Medical Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elise Fabios
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Medical Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Santiago Felipe Gómez
- Gasol Foundation Europe, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Nursing and Physiotherapy Department, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
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He J, Wang Z, Fu Y, Wang Y, Yi S, Ji F, Nagata JM. Associations between screen use while eating and eating disorder symptomatology: Exploring the roles of mindfulness and intuitive eating. Appetite 2024; 197:107320. [PMID: 38537390 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Screen use while eating has been recently identified as a highly common and potentially important specific setting of screen use in relation to eating disorder symptomatology. However, given this area of research is still in its infancy, how screen use while eating may be related to eating disorder symptomatology remains largely unexplored. To fill this gap, the present study probed the potential roles of mindfulness and intuitive eating in the association between screen use while eating and eating disorder symptomatology. A large sample of Chinese adults (N = 800, aged 18-67 years old) recruited through a Chinese survey platform, Credamo, completed questionnaires assessing screen use while eating, eating disorder symptomatology, mindfulness, and intuitive eating. Structural equation modeling was used to test the proposed model. Results confirmed our hypotheses that the association between screen use while eating and eating disorder symptomatology was partially explained by mindfulness and intuitive eating, after adjusting for covariates (e.g., gender, age, body mass index, total screen time, and social media use). That said, higher screen use while eating was associated first with lower mindfulness and then with lower intuitive eating, which in turn were related to higher eating disorder symptomatology. The findings underline the importance of including eating-specific screen use for future research on eating disorder symptomatology and also have implications for an integrative intervention of mindfulness-based approaches and intuitive eating for mitigating the adverse effects of excessive screen use on eating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo He
- Division of Applied Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ziyue Wang
- Division of Applied Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuru Fu
- Division of Applied Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yitong Wang
- Faculty of Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shouhe Yi
- Division of Applied Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Ji
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jason M Nagata
- Division of Adolescent & Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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He J, Fu Y, Cui S, Barnhart WR, Zhang X, Han J, Wang Y, Ganson KT, Nagata JM. Screen use while eating is associated with lower intuitive eating and higher disordered eating in Chinese adult men and women. Int J Eat Disord 2023; 56:1961-1972. [PMID: 37489116 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore the potential associations between screen use while eating and intuitive eating and disordered (thinness-oriented and muscularity-oriented) eating behaviors. METHODS Analyses included 600 Chinese adults (50% women; Mage = 30.67, SD = 8.08) recruited online. The use of four major screen devices was captured, including cell phones, tablets, computers, and TVs. Three types of eating behaviors were examined, namely intuitive eating, thinness-oriented disordered eating, and muscularity-oriented disordered eating. Pearson correlation and hierarchical regression analyses were conducted separately for men and women to examine the sex-specific associations between screen use while eating and intuitive eating, thinness-oriented disordered eating, and muscularity-oriented disordered eating. RESULTS In both men and women, more screen use while eating was significantly associated with lower intuitive eating, higher thinness-oriented disordered eating, and higher muscularity-oriented disordered eating, above and beyond total screen time and social media use. DISCUSSION We found preliminary evidence for the significant links between screen use while eating and intuitive eating and disordered eating. Given the global increases in screen use, continued research is warranted to further explore the role of screen use while eating in the development and maintenance of intuitive eating and disordered eating. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE Much remains unknown regarding screen use while eating and eating behaviors. We found that in both Chinese men and women, more screen use while eating was significantly and uniquely associated with lower intuitive eating, higher thinness-oriented disordered eating, and higher muscularity-oriented disordered eating. Findings highlight the importance of incorporating screen use while eating in future research on intuitive eating and disordered eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo He
- Division of Applied Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuru Fu
- Division of Applied Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuqi Cui
- Division of Applied Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wesley R Barnhart
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Division of Applied Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jiayi Han
- Division of Applied Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yitong Wang
- School of Economics and Management, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kyle T Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason M Nagata
- Division of Adolescent & Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Liu S, Coulter R, Sui W, Nuss K, Rhodes RE. Determinants of recreational screen time behavior following the COVID-19 pandemic among Canadian adults. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2023; 48:595-602. [PMID: 37037046 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2022-0379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of our study were to examine recreational screen time behavior before and 2 years following the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, and explore whether components of the capability-opportunity-motivation-behavior (COM-B) model would predict changes in this recreational screen time behavior profile over the 2-year period. This cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted in March 2022. Canadian adults (n = 977) completed an online survey that collected demographic information, current screen time behavior, screen time behavior prior to the pandemic, and beliefs about capability, opportunities, and motivation for limiting screen time based on the COM-B model. We found that post-pandemic recreational screen time (3.91 ± 2.85 h/day) was significantly higher than pre-pandemic levels (3.47 ± 2.50 h/day, p < 0.01). Three recreational screen time behavior profiles were identified based on the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines: (1) always met screen time guidelines (≤3 h/day) (47.8%; n = 454); (2) increased screen time (10.1%; n = 96); and (3) never met screen time guidelines (42%; n = 399). The overall discriminant function was found to be significant among the groups (Wilks' λ = 0.90; canonical r = 0.31, χ2 = (14) = 95.81, p < 0.001). The group that always met screen time guidelines had the highest levels of automatic motivation, reflective motivation, social opportunity, and psychological capabilities to limit screen time compared to other screen time profile groups. In conclusion, recreational screen time remains elevated post-pandemic. Addressing motivation (automatic and reflective), psychological capabilities, and social opportunities may be critical for future interventions aiming to limit recreational screen time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Liu
- University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | | | - Wuyou Sui
- University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Kayla Nuss
- University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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Harvey DL, Milton K, Jones AP, Atkin AJ. A Review of Sedentary Behavior Assessment in National Surveillance Systems. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:348-357. [PMID: 36863356 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temporal changes in sedentary behavior patterns reflect the evolving nature of our built and social environments, particularly the expanding availability of electronic media. It is important to understand what types of sedentary behavior are assessed in national surveillance to determine whether, and to what extent, they reflect contemporary patterns. The aims of this review were to describe the characteristics of questionnaires used for national surveillance of sedentary behavior and to identify the types of sedentary behaviors being measured. METHOD We reviewed questionnaires from national surveillance systems listed on the Global Observatory for Physical Activity (GoPA!) country cards to locate items on sedentary behavior. Questionnaire characteristics were categorized using the Taxonomy of Self-reported Sedentary Behavior Tools (TASST). The purpose and type of sedentary behaviors captured were classified using the Sedentary Behavior International Taxonomy (SIT). RESULTS Overall, 346 surveillance systems were screened for eligibility, of which 93 were included in this review. Most questionnaires used a single-item direct measure of sitting time (n = 78, 84%). Work and domestic were the most frequently captured purposes of sedentary behavior, while television viewing and computer use were the most frequently captured types of behaviors. CONCLUSION National surveillance systems should be periodically reviewed in response to evidence on contemporary behavior patterns in the population and the release of updated public health guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Harvey
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich,United Kingdom
| | - Karen Milton
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich,United Kingdom
| | - Andy P Jones
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich,United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Atkin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich,United Kingdom
- Norwich Epidemiology Centre, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk,United Kingdom
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Precht LM, Mertens F, Brickau DS, Kramm RJ, Margraf J, Stirnberg J, Brailovskaia J. Engaging in physical activity instead of (over)using the smartphone: An experimental investigation of lifestyle interventions to prevent problematic smartphone use and to promote mental health. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GESUNDHEITSWISSENSCHAFTEN = JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2023:1-19. [PMID: 36785655 PMCID: PMC9909154 DOI: 10.1007/s10389-023-01832-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Aim Tendencies of problematic smartphone use (PSU) have risen during the past decade. As PSU is consistently linked to mental health issues, measures to prevent its appearance and to promote mental health are urgently required. Subject and Methods The present study investigated the impact of three interventions on health behavior, PSU, positive mental health (PMH), and depression and anxiety symptoms. Overall, 503 persons from Germany (M age = 29.19, SD age = 10.51, range: 18-79) participated in the study. Over 14 days, the three experimental groups (a) reduced their daily smartphone use time by 60 minutes, (b) increased their daily level of physical activity by 30 minutes, and (c) combined both measures. The control group continued its behavior as usual. Outcomes were assessed via online surveys at five measurement time points (baseline, intermediate, post-intervention, and 1 and 3 months after the intervention). Results All interventions resulted in a significant increase in weekly physical activity and in reduced symptoms of PSU, depression, and anxiety. Furthermore, the smartphone reduction and the combination of both measures contributed to a significant reduction of participants' daily smartphone use and higher levels of PMH. The effects of the reduction of smartphone use time and its combination with increased physical activity were more stable in the longer term than the increase in physical activity only. Conclusion Combined with an increase in physical activity, the reduction of smartphone use time could serve as an efficient and cost-effective measure for the prevention of PSU and the promotion of mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena-Marie Precht
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstr. 9-13, 44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - Franziska Mertens
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstr. 9-13, 44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - Debora S. Brickau
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstr. 9-13, 44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - Romy J. Kramm
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstr. 9-13, 44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jürgen Margraf
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstr. 9-13, 44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jan Stirnberg
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstr. 9-13, 44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - Julia Brailovskaia
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstr. 9-13, 44787 Bochum, Germany
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Perez O, Garza T, Hindera O, Beltran A, Musaad SM, Dibbs T, Singh A, Chug S, Sisson A, Kumar Vadathya A, Baranowski T, O'Connor TM. Validated assessment tools for screen media use: A systematic review. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283714. [PMID: 37053175 PMCID: PMC10101444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accurate measurement of adult and child screen media use are needed to robustly assess its impact on health outcomes. Our objective was to systematically review screen media use measurement tools that have been validated against an objective "gold standard" tool. METHODS The search strategy was initially conducted in Medline Ovid and translated to Embase, Web of Science, PsychInfo and Cochrane. A modified natural language search was conducted in Google Scholar and IEEE. The initial search was conducted in March 2021, and an updated search was conducted in June 2022. Additional studies were included from the references. Studies had to describe the validation of a tool to measure screen media use on participants of any age against a 'gold standard' or comparable objective measure. The COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) was used to assess the criterion validity. Four authors reviewed the titles in two rounds and extracted data. RESULTS Twenty-nine articles were included in the review. Studies measured TV, computer, mobile device and social media site screen media use through: self or parent report, direct or video observation, computer and mobile device use tracking programs, and through other novel devices such as wearable devices and cameras. Correlations of self or parent report of screen media with the gold standard were lower than correlations of technology-based measures, and video observation with the gold standard. The COSMIN criterion validity ratings ranged from poor to excellent; most of the studies received a global score of fair or poor. CONCLUSIONS Technology based validated tools that more directly measure screen use are emerging that have been validated against a gold standard for measuring screen use. However, practical, objective measures of diverse types of screen media use that have been tested on diverse populations are needed to better understand the impact of screen media use on the development and physical and mental health of children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Perez
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tatyana Garza
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Olivia Hindera
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alicia Beltran
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Salma M Musaad
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tracey Dibbs
- Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anu Singh
- Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shria Chug
- Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Amy Sisson
- The Texas Medical Center Library, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anil Kumar Vadathya
- Rice University, Electrical & Computer Engineering, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tom Baranowski
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Teresia M O'Connor
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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Eirich R, McArthur BA, Anhorn C, McGuinness C, Christakis DA, Madigan S. Association of Screen Time With Internalizing and Externalizing Behavior Problems in Children 12 Years or Younger: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry 2022; 79:393-405. [PMID: 35293954 PMCID: PMC8928099 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Importance Currently, there is a lack of consensus in the literature on the association between screen time (eg, television, video games) and children's behavior problems. Objective To assess the association between the duration of screen time and externalizing and internalizing behavior problems among children 12 years or younger. Data Sources For this systematic review and meta-analysis, MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO databases were searched for articles published from January 1960 to May 2021. Reference lists were manually searched for additional studies. Study Selection Included studies measured screen time (ie, duration) and externalizing or internalizing behavior problems in children 12 years or younger, were observational or experimental (with baseline data), were available in English, and had data that could be transformed into an effect size. Studies conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic were excluded. Of 25 196 nonduplicate articles identified and screened for inclusion, 595 met the selection criteria. Data Extraction and Synthesis The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline. Extracted variables were child age, sex, and socioeconomic status; informants and measurement type for screen time and behavior problems; study publication year; and study design and quality. Data were extracted by 2 independent coders and were pooled using a random-effects model. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the association of screen time duration with externalizing (eg, aggression, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms) and internalizing (eg, depression, anxiety) behaviors or diagnoses. Results Of the 595 full-text articles assessed for eligibility, 87 studies met all inclusion criteria, comprising 98 independent samples and 159 425 participants (mean [SD] age, 6.07 [2.89] years; 83 246 [51.30%] male). Increased duration of screen time had a small but significant correlation with more externalizing problems (90 samples; r, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.10-0.12) and internalizing problems (43 samples; r, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.05-0.08) in children. Several methodological moderators explained between-study heterogeneity. There was evidence of significant between study heterogeneity (I2 = 87.80). Conclusions and Relevance This systematic review and meta-analysis found small but significant correlations between screen time and children's behavior problems. Methodological differences across studies likely contributed to the mixed findings in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Eirich
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brae Anne McArthur
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ciana Anhorn
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Claire McGuinness
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dimitri A Christakis
- Seattle Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle.,Editor, JAMA Pediatrics
| | - Sheri Madigan
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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