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Al-Adl M, El-Said A, El-Sebaie A, Refaat S, Youssef MM. Association of CYP1A1 T3801C (rs4646903) variant with the susceptibility and progression of B-chronic lymphocytic Leukemia (B-CLL) in the Egyptian population. Gene 2023; 883:147673. [PMID: 37506988 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The frequency of hematological malignancies is increasing universally, and over the last few decades, a significant increase in the incidence of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) has been observed. Many studies have revealed the involvement of genetic predisposition along with environmental exposure to genotoxic xenobiotics in the leukemogenesis process of B-CLL. CYP1A1 is a vital member of the cytochromes P450 (CYPs) superfamily, which is involved in pro-carcinogens activation into reactive intermediates during phase I xenobiotic biotransformation. AIM This study aimed to determine the possible role of the CYP1A1*2A (T3801C, rs4646903) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) as a risk factor for developing B-CLL, as well as the impact of this SNP on the disease progression and the clinical outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study was conducted on 100 patients newly diagnosed with B-CLL, and 100 healthy individuals with matched ages and sex, served as the control group. CYP1A1 (T3801C) genotyping of all patient and control samples was performed using the PCR-based Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP-PCR) method. In addition, serum levels of both IL-6 and TNF-α were estimated by the ELISA technique. RESULTS Higher frequencies of the heterozygous carrier (TC) and homozygous variant (CC) genotypes of the CYP1A1 (T3801C) variant were observed in B-CLL patients compared to the controls (P < 0.001 for both). The frequencies of the CYP1A1 (T3801C) variant indicated a significant elevated risk of B-CLL under various genetic models, including allelic (OR = 8.8, P < 0.001) and dominant (OR = 9.3, P < 0.001) models. In addition, the median IL-6 level was significantly higher in patients with (TC) and (CC) genotypes than in patients with (TT) genotype (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Also, the median TNF-α level was significantly higher in patients with (TC) and (CC) genotypes than in patients with (TT) genotype (P < 0.001 for both). CONCLUSION Our results showed that the CYP1A1*2A (T3801C, rs4646903) SNP increases the susceptibility to B-CLL incidence and is associated with poor disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menna Al-Adl
- Division of Biochemistry, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Afaf El-Said
- Genetics Department, Mansoura Children's Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Sebaie
- Hematology Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sherif Refaat
- Medical Oncology Unit, Oncology Center Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Magdy M Youssef
- Division of Biochemistry, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Valdez-Flores C, Erraguntla N, Budinsky R, Cagen S, Kirman CR. An updated lymphohematopoietic and bladder cancers risk evaluation for occupational and environmental exposures to 1,3-butadiene. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 366:110077. [PMID: 36029806 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
EPA designated 1,3-butadiene (BD) as a high priority chemical in December 2019 and is presently performing an evaluation under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). EPA's cancer dose-response assessment for BD was published in 2002 and was primarily based on a study on workers exposed to BD in the North American synthetic Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR) Industry developed by the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB). EPA relied upon a Poisson regression of leukemia mortality data from this cohort (hereinafter referred to as the SBR study) to estimate the cancer potency of BD. At the time, the SBR cohort included more than 15,000 male workers that were followed up through 1991. The SBR cohort has undergone multiple updates over the past two decades. Most recently, Sathiakumar et al. (2021a, b) published an update, with 18 more years of follow up in addition to approximately 5,000 female workers and updated exposure concentration estimates. Recent EPA assessments (e.g., for ethylene oxide, USEPA 2016) based on epidemiological studies use Cox proportional hazards models because they offer better control of the effect of age in cancer development and are less restrictive than Poisson regression models. Here, we develop exposure-response models using standard Cox proportional hazards regression. We explore the relationship between six endpoints (all leukemia, lymphoid leukemia, myeloid leukemia, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and bladder cancer) and exposures to BD using the most recent exposure metrics and the most recent update of the SBR study. After adjusting for statistically significant covariates, an upper 95% confidence level on the cancer potency based on leukemia derived herein is 0.000086 per ppm, which is approximately 1,000-fold less than EPA's (2002) estimate of 0.08 per ppm and about 10-fold less than TCEQ's (2008) estimate of 0.0011 per ppm.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Valdez-Flores
- Texas A&M University, 4073 Emerging Technologies Building, College Station, TX, 77843-3131, USA.
| | - N Erraguntla
- American Chemistry Council, 700 2nd Street NE, Washington, DC, 20002, USA.
| | | | | | - C R Kirman
- Summit Toxicology, 615 Nikles Drive, Unit 102, Bozeman, MT, 59715, USA.
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Yang BH, Lin WZ, Chiang YT, Chen YC, Chung CH, Chien WC, Shiau CY. Epigenetics-Associated Risk Reduction of Hematologic Neoplasms in a Nationwide Cohort Study: The Chemopreventive and Therapeutic Efficacy of Hydralazine. Front Oncol 2022; 12:809014. [PMID: 35186746 PMCID: PMC8848747 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.809014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although several epigenetic drugs have been reported to have therapeutic efficacy for some hematologic neoplasms (HNs) in clinical trials, few achieved disease-free survival benefit. The traditional drug discovery pathway is costly and time-consuming, and thus, more effective strategies are required. We attempted to facilitate epigenetic drug repositioning for therapy of HNs by screening the Human Epigenetic Drug Database (HEDD) in the web, conducting a bench-work cytotoxicity test and a retrospective nationwide cohort study prior to a clinical trial. Methods Four FDA-approved epigenetic drugs with antitumor properties and completion of clinical phase II trials were selected from HEDD. Hydralazine (HDZ) and valproate (VAL) among the four were selected with higher cytotoxicity to HN cells, no matter whether carrying the JAK2V617F mutation or not. Both of them were chosen for a cohort study using the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID) 2000–2015 (N = 1,936,512), a subset of the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD, N= 25.68 millions) in Taiwan. Results In the initial cohort, HDZ or VAL exposure subjects (11,049) and matching reference subjects (44,196) were enrolled according to maximal daily consumption (300/2,100 mg per day of HDZ/VAL). The HN incidence in HDZ and VAL exposure groups reduced from 4.97% to 3.90% (p <.001) and 4.45% (p = .075), respectively. A further cohort study on HDZ at a lower range of the WHO defined daily dose (<34 mg per day) and HN incidence of HDZ exposure subjects (75,612) reduced from 5.01% to 4.16% (p = 1.725 × 10 -18) compared to the reference subjects (302,448). Conclusions An association of a chronically prescribed HDZ, even prescribed low dose, with reduction of overall incidence rate and in most subgroups of HN was observed in our study. Repositioning HDZ for HN management may be feasible. This is the first nationwide cohort study of the epigenetics-associated risk evaluation of overall HN in the existing literature, showing an effective method with a wider scope to inform contemporary clinical trials of epigenetic drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Heng Yang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhi Lin
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Fidelity Regulation Therapeutics Inc., Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Chiang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yeu-Chin Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsiang Chung
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yang Shiau
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Fidelity Regulation Therapeutics Inc., Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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Collins JJ, Delzell E. A systematic review of epidemiologic studies of styrene and cancer. Crit Rev Toxicol 2018; 48:443-470. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2018.1445700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James J. Collins
- Health and Human Services, Saginaw Valley State University, University Center, Saginaw, MI, USA
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Bolognesi C, Kirsch-Volders M. The ex vivo L-CBMN assay detects significant human exposure to butadiene. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 770:73-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Sielken RL, Valdez-Flores C. A comprehensive review of occupational and general population cancer risk: 1,3-Butadiene exposure-response modeling for all leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, myeloid neoplasm and lymphoid neoplasm. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 241:50-8. [PMID: 26070419 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Excess cancer risks associated with 1,3-butadiene (BD) inhalation exposures are calculated using an extensive data set developed by the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) from an epidemiology study of North American workers in the styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) industry. While the UAB study followed SBR workers, risk calculations can be adapted to estimate both occupational and general population risks. The data from the UAB SBR study offer an opportunity to quantitatively evaluate the association between cumulative exposure to BD and different types of cancer, accounting for the number of tasks involving high-intensity exposures to BD as well as confounding associated with the exposures to the multiple other chemicals in the SBR industry. Quantitative associations of BD exposure and cancer, specifically leukemia, can be further characterized by leukemia type, including potential associations with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), and the groups of lymphoid and myeloid neoplasms. Collectively, these multiple evaluations lead to a comprehensive analysis that makes use of all of the available information and is consistent with the risk assessment goals of the USEPA and other regulatory agencies, and in line with the recommendations of the USEPA Science Advisory Board. While a range of cancer risk values can result from these multiple factors, a preferred case for occupational and general population risk is highlighted. Cox proportional hazards models are used to fit exposure-response models to the most recent UAB data. The slope of the model with cumulative BD ppm-years as the predictor variable is not statistically significantly greater than zero for CML, AML, or, when any one of eight exposure covariates is added to the model, for all leukemias combined. The slope for CLL is statistically significantly different from zero. The slope for myeloid neoplasms is not statistically significantly greater than zero while the slope for lymphoid neoplasms is statistically significantly greater than zero. The excess risk for the general population is largest for lymphoid neoplasms. The best estimates of the environmental concentrations (ECs) associated with an excess risk of 1/100,000 by age 70 years for lymphoid neoplasms, all leukemias, and CLL are EC(1/100,000)'s equal to 0.06, 0.16 and 0.38 ppm, respectively. The best estimates of the occupational BD exposure from 20 to 65 years of age associated with an excess risk of 1/10,000 by age 70 years for lymphoid neoplasms, all leukemias, and CLL are the EC(1/10,000)'s of 2.7, 7.3 and 15.1 ppm, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Sielken
- Sielken & Associates Consulting Inc., 1200 Beacon Court, College Station, TX 77845, United States.
| | - Ciriaco Valdez-Flores
- Sielken & Associates Consulting Inc., 1200 Beacon Court, College Station, TX 77845, United States
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Charbotel B, Fervers B, Droz J. Occupational exposures in rare cancers: A critical review of the literature. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2014; 90:99-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Sielken RL, Valdez-Flores C. Quantitative risk assessment of exposures to butadiene in EU occupational settings based on the University of Alabama at Birmingham epidemiological study. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2013; 65:214-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Schernhammer ES, Bertrand KA, Birmann BM, Sampson L, Willett WC, Feskanich D. Consumption of artificial sweetener- and sugar-containing soda and risk of lymphoma and leukemia in men and women. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 96:1419-28. [PMID: 23097267 PMCID: PMC3497928 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.030833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite safety reports of the artificial sweetener aspartame, health-related concerns remain. OBJECTIVE We prospectively evaluated whether the consumption of aspartame- and sugar-containing soda is associated with risk of hematopoetic cancers. DESIGN We repeatedly assessed diet in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS). Over 22 y, we identified 1324 non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs), 285 multiple myelomas, and 339 leukemias. We calculated incidence RRs and 95% CIs by using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS When the 2 cohorts were combined, there was no significant association between soda intake and risks of NHL and multiple myeloma. However, in men, ≥1 daily serving of diet soda increased risks of NHL (RR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.72) and multiple myeloma (RR: 2.02; 95% CI: 1.20, 3.40) in comparison with men who did not consume diet soda. We observed no increased risks of NHL and multiple myeloma in women. We also observed an unexpected elevated risk of NHL (RR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.10, 2.51) with a higher consumption of regular, sugar-sweetened soda in men but not in women. In contrast, when sexes were analyzed separately with limited power, neither regular nor diet soda increased risk of leukemia but were associated with increased leukemia risk when data for men and women were combined (RR for consumption of ≥1 serving of diet soda/d when the 2 cohorts were pooled: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.00, 2.02). CONCLUSION Although our findings preserve the possibility of a detrimental effect of a constituent of diet soda, such as aspartame, on select cancers, the inconsistent sex effects and occurrence of an apparent cancer risk in individuals who consume regular soda do not permit the ruling out of chance as an explanation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva S Schernhammer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Haussmann HJ. Use of hazard indices for a theoretical evaluation of cigarette smoke composition. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:794-810. [PMID: 22352345 DOI: 10.1021/tx200536w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition of cigarette mainstream smoke (MS) has been quantitatively analyzed in multiple studies, often with the objective to toxicologically evaluate and compare various types of MS. Increases and decreases in yields of constituents between MS types can only be consolidated if these yields are compared on the basis of toxicological properties of the individual constituents. For the risk assessment of various complex mixtures including MS, a hazard index (HI) approach has been used that requires weighing of the exposure to individual MS constituents by cancer and noncancer potency values. The objective of the current study is to review the past uses of the HI concept for MS and smokeless tobacco and discuss strengths and limitations of using this concept. Published information as well as information made available on the Web was used. The HI concept has been applied to MS for determining and comparing theoretical lifetime risks, for consumer communication, for the prioritization of constituents for reduction, for ingredient assessment, and for the selection of constituents for regulation. The limitations of this approach are associated with the limited number of MS constituents with available yield data, the gaps and uncertainties in available potency values, the application to relatively high exposure concentrations, and the default assumption of additivity. The derived theoretical noncancer index is dominated by acrolein to an extent that there seems to be not much advantage in using the HI concept for noncancer assessments. The derived theoretical cancer index is dominated by genotoxic carcinogens of the MS vapor phase and may thus complement currently used toxicological assays in a tiered evaluation approach. As is the case for every other assay and interpretation model, the HI concept needs to be applied with its limitations and weaknesses in mind. Its best application is for comparative purposes. It should be kept in mind that the HI concept is a theoretical concept and does not provide actual risk information.
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