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Poddalgoda D, Macey K, Chander N, Jayawardene I, Sitland B, Mohr S, Hancock S. A review of Health Canada's progress on human biomonitoring-based risk assessments and the path forward. Toxicol Lett 2024; 399:19-24. [PMID: 38992804 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Since the launch of the Chemicals Management Plan (CMP) in 2006, Health Canada has initiated screening-level risk assessments (RAs) of approximately 4300 priority substances under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA). With the availability of nationally representative human biomonitoring (HBM) data, over 300 of these substances were assessed using HBM-based RA approaches. Qualitative and quantitative HBM-based RA approaches for the regulatory risk assessment of the general population of Canada were developed to increase the efficiency of screening the potential health risk of CMP priority substances. To support HBM-based RAs, several biomonitoring equivalents (BE) were derived to interpret HBM data. For some CMP substances, Health Canada conducted cumulative risk assessments of chemical mixtures using HBM data as measures of exposure. In 2023, CEPA was amended to include the assessment of populations who may be disproportionately impacted (vulnerable populations) and the cumulative effects of multiple chemicals. Going forward, Health Canada is exploring modern approaches in HBM-based RAs, including biomarkers of effect and non-traditional biomarkers (e.g., hair, nails) to address CEPA amendments. This manuscript will discuss Health Canada's progress in HBM-based RAs, and the possible path forward in using HBM data to strengthen human health risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristin Macey
- Health Canada, 269 Laurier Ave (W), Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Natasha Chander
- Health Canada, 269 Laurier Ave (W), Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | | | | | - Sara Mohr
- Health Canada, 269 Laurier Ave (W), Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Scott Hancock
- Health Canada, 269 Laurier Ave (W), Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
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Correia-Sá L, Fernandes VC, Maia ML, Pinto E, Norberto S, Almeida A, Santos C, Delerue-Matos C, Calhau C, Domingues VF. Trace Elements in Portuguese Children: Urinary Levels and Exposure Predictors. TOXICS 2023; 11:767. [PMID: 37755777 PMCID: PMC10535189 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11090767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental chemicals during developmental stages can result in several adverse outcomes. In this study, the exposure of Portuguese children to Cu, Co, I, Mo, Mn, Ni, As, Sb, Cd, Pb, Sn and Tl was evaluated through the analysis of first morning urine through ICP-MS. Furthermore, we attempted to determine possible exposure predictors. The study sample consisted of 54% girls and 46% boys, with a median age of 10 years; 61% were overweight/obese and were put on a nutritionally oriented diet. For I, half of the population was probably in deficiency status. The median urinary concentrations (μg/L) were Cu 21.9, Mo 54.6, Co 0.76, Mn 2.1, Ni 4.74, As 37.9, Sb 0.09, Cd 0.29, Pb 0.94, Sn 0.45, Tl 0.39 and I 125.5. The region was a significant predictor for Cu, Co, Ni, As and Tl. Children living in an urban area had higher urinary levels, except for Co and Ni. Age was a significant predictor for Cu, I, Mo, Mn, Ni, Sb, Cd and Sn with urinary levels of these elements decreasing with age. No sex-related differences were observed. Diet and weight group were predictors for urinary Cu, Mn, Ni, Sb and As. Significant differences were observed between the diet/weight groups for Cu, Ni, Sb and As, with the healthy diet group presenting higher values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa Correia-Sá
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (V.C.F.); (M.L.M.); (C.D.-M.)
| | - Virgínia C. Fernandes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (V.C.F.); (M.L.M.); (C.D.-M.)
- Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (S.N.); (C.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Maria Luz Maia
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (V.C.F.); (M.L.M.); (C.D.-M.)
- Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (S.N.); (C.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Edgar Pinto
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (E.P.); (A.A.)
- Departmento de Saúde Ambiental, Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia Norberto
- Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (S.N.); (C.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Agostinho Almeida
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (E.P.); (A.A.)
| | - Cristina Santos
- Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (S.N.); (C.S.); (C.C.)
- Health Information and Decision Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (V.C.F.); (M.L.M.); (C.D.-M.)
| | - Conceição Calhau
- Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (S.N.); (C.S.); (C.C.)
- Nutrição e Metabolismo NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Valentina F. Domingues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (V.C.F.); (M.L.M.); (C.D.-M.)
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Giordano M, Ciriello M, Formisano L, El-Nakhel C, Pannico A, Graziani G, Ritieni A, Kyriacou MC, Rouphael Y, De Pascale S. Iodine-Biofortified Microgreens as High Nutraceutical Value Component of Space Mission Crew Diets and Candidate for Extraterrestrial Cultivation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2628. [PMID: 37514243 PMCID: PMC10384207 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The success of Space missions and the efficacy of colonizing extraterrestrial environments depends on ensuring adequate nutrition for astronauts and autonomy from terrestrial resources. A balanced diet incorporating premium quality fresh foods, such as microgreens, is essential to the mental and physical well-being of mission crews. To improve the nutritional intake of astronaut meals, two levels of potassium iodide (KI; 4 µM and 8 µM) and an untreated control were assessed for iodine (I) biofortification, and overall nutraceutical profile of four microgreens: tatsoi (Brassica rapa L. subsp. narinosa), coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), green basil, and purple basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). A dose-dependent increase in I was observed at 8 µM for all species, reaching concentrations of 200.73, 118.17, 93.97, and 82.70 mg kg-1 of dry weight, in tatsoi, coriander, purple basil, and green basil, respectively. Across species, I biofortification slightly reduced fresh yield (-7.98%) while increasing the antioxidant activity (ABTS, FRAP, and DPPH). LC-MS/MS Q extractive orbitrap analysis detected 10 phenolic acids and 23 flavonoids among microgreen species. The total concentration of phenolic acids increased (+28.5%) in purple basil at 8 µM KI, while total flavonoids in coriander increased by 23.22% and 34.46% in response to 4 and 8 µM KI, respectively. Both doses of KI increased the concentration of total polyphenols in all species by an average of 17.45%, compared to the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giordano
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Michele Ciriello
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Luigi Formisano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Christophe El-Nakhel
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Antonio Pannico
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Giulia Graziani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marios C Kyriacou
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Agricultural Research Institute, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Stefania De Pascale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
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de la Rosa A, Metzendorf NG, Morrison JI, Faresjö R, Rofo F, Petrovic A, O’Callaghan P, Syvänen S, Hultqvist G. Introducing or removing heparan sulfate binding sites does not alter brain uptake of the blood-brain barrier shuttle scFv8D3. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21479. [PMID: 36509864 PMCID: PMC9744743 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25965-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) greatly limits the delivery of protein-based drugs into the brain and is a major obstacle for the treatment of brain disorders. Targeting the transferrin receptor (TfR) is a strategy for transporting protein-based drugs into the brain, which can be utilized by using TfR-binding BBB transporters, such as the TfR-binding antibody 8D3. In this current study, we investigated if binding to heparan sulfate (HS) contributes to the brain uptake of a single chain fragment variable of 8D3 (scFv8D3). We designed and produced a scFv8D3 mutant, engineered with additional HS binding sites, HS(+)scFv8D3, to assess whether increased HS binding would improve brain uptake. Additionally, a mutant with a reduced number of HS binding sites, HS(-)scFv8D3, was also engineered to see if reducing the HS binding sites could also affect brain uptake. Heparin column chromatography showed that only the HS(+)scFv8D3 mutant bound HS in the experimental conditions. Ex vivo results showed that the brain uptake was unaffected by the introduction or removal of HS binding sites, which indicates that scFv8D3 is not dependent on the HS binding sites for brain uptake. Conversely, introducing HS binding sites to scFv8D3 decreased its renal excretion while removing them had the opposite effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés de la Rosa
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Protein Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nicole G. Metzendorf
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Protein Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jamie I. Morrison
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Protein Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Faresjö
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fadi Rofo
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Protein Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alex Petrovic
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Protein Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paul O’Callaghan
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stina Syvänen
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Greta Hultqvist
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Protein Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Watts MJ, Menya D, Humphrey OS, Middleton DS, Hamilton E, Marriott A, McCormack V, Osano O. Human urinary biomonitoring in Western Kenya for micronutrients and potentially harmful elements. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 238:113854. [PMID: 34624595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Spot urinary elemental concentrations are presented for 357 adults from Western Kenya collected between 2016 and 2019 as part of a wider environmental geochemical survey. The aim of this study was to establish population level urinary elemental concentrations in Western Kenya for micronutrients and potentially harmful elements for inference of health status against established thresholds. For elements where thresholds inferring health status were not established in the literature using urine as a non-invasive matrix, this study generated reference values with a 95% confidence interval (RV95s) to contextualise urinary elemental data for this population group. Data are presented with outliers removed based upon creatinine measurements leaving 322 individuals, for sub-categories (e.g. age, gender) and by county public health administrative area. For Western Kenya, reference values with a 95% confidence interval (RV95s) were calculated as follows (μg/L): 717 (I), 89 (Se), 1753 (Zn), 336 (Mo), 24 (Cu), 15.6 (Ni), 22.1 (As), 0.34 (Cd), 0.47 (Sn), 0.46 (Sb), 7.0 (Cs), 13.4 (Ba and 1.9 (Pb). Urinary concentrations at the 25th/75th percentiles were as follows (μg/L): 149/368 (I), 15/42 (Se), 281/845 (Zn), 30/128 (Mo), 6/13 (Cu), 1.7/6.1 (Ni), 2.0/8.2 (As). 0.1/0.3 (Cd), 0.05/0.22 (Sn), 0.04/0.18 (Sb), 1.2/3.6 (Cs), 0.8/4.0 (Ba) and 0.2/0.9 (Pb). Urinary concentrations at a population level inferred excess intake of micronutrients I, Se, Zn and Mo in 38, 6, 57 and 14% of individuals, respectively, versus a bioequivalent (BE) upper threshold limit, whilst rates of deficiency were relatively low at 15, 15, 9 and 18%, respectively. Each of the administrative counties showed a broadly similar range of urinary elemental concentrations, with some exceptions for counties bordering Lake Victoria where food consumption habits may differ significantly to other counties e.g. I, Se, Zn. Corrections for urinary dilution using creatinine, specific gravity and osmolality provided a general reduction in RV95s for I, Mo, Se, As and Sn compared to uncorrected data, with consistency between the three correction methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Watts
- Inorganic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Diana Menya
- School of Public Health, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya.
| | - Olivier S Humphrey
- Inorganic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Nottingham, UK
| | - DanielR S Middleton
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Elliott Hamilton
- Inorganic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrew Marriott
- Inorganic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Nottingham, UK
| | - Valerie McCormack
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Odipo Osano
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya
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Dobosy P, Endrédi A, Sandil S, Vetési V, Rékási M, Takács T, Záray G. Biofortification of Potato and Carrot With Iodine by Applying Different Soils and Irrigation With Iodine-Containing Water. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:593047. [PMID: 33362822 PMCID: PMC7755595 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.593047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of iodine by potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and carrot (Daucus carota L. var. sativus) plants cultivated on different soils (sand, sandy silt, and silt) using irrigation water containing iodine at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5 mg/L was investigated. In the edible organs of potato and carrot control plants grown on sand, sandy silt, and silt soils, the iodine concentrations were 0.15, 0.17, and 0.20 mg/kg (potato) and 0.012, 0.012, and 0.013 mg/kg (carrot); after the treatment by applying 0.5 mg/L iodine dosage, the iodine concentrations were 0.21, 0.19, 0.27 mg/kg (potato) and 3.5, 3.7, 3.0 mg/kg (carrot), respectively. Although the iodine treatment had no significant effect on the biomass production of these plants, in potato tubers, it resulted in higher Fe and lower Mg and P concentrations, whereas no similar trend was observable in carrot roots. The accumulation of Mn, Cu, Zn, and B in the edible part of both plants was not influenced by the iodine treatment. The soil properties did not have a significant impact on biomass production under the same environmental conditions. The concentration and the distribution of iodine in both plants were slightly modified by the growing medium; however, the photosynthetic efficiency and the chlorophyll content index of potato plants cultivated in silt soil increased significantly. Potato plant was not suitable for biofortification with iodine, while considering the iodine concentration and the moisture content of carrot roots, it can be calculated that consuming 100 g fresh carrot would cover about 38% of the daily iodine intake requirement for an average adult person.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Dobosy
- MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Danube Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anett Endrédi
- GINOP Evolutionary Systems Research Group, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Tihany, Hungary
| | - Sirat Sandil
- Cooperative Research Centre of Environmental Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktória Vetési
- Cooperative Research Centre of Environmental Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márk Rékási
- MTA Centre for Agricultural Research, Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tünde Takács
- MTA Centre for Agricultural Research, Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyula Záray
- MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Danube Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
- Cooperative Research Centre of Environmental Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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Afonso C, Matos J, Campos AM, Gomes R, Delgado I, Coelho I, Castanheira I, Bandarra NM, Cardoso C. Elemental composition and bioaccessibility of three insufficiently studied Azorean macroalgae. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Afonso
- Avenida Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6 1495-165 Algés Lisbon Portugal
- CIIMAR Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research University of Porto Rua dos Bragas 289 4050‐123 Porto Portugal
| | - Joana Matos
- Avenida Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6 1495-165 Algés Lisbon Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa Campo Grande, 16 1749‐016 Lisbon Portugal
| | - Ana M. Campos
- Avenida Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6 1495-165 Algés Lisbon Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa Campo Grande, 16 1749‐016 Lisbon Portugal
| | - Romina Gomes
- Avenida Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6 1495-165 Algés Lisbon Portugal
| | - Inês Delgado
- Food and Nutrition Department National Health Institute Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA, IP) Av. Padre Cruz 1649‐016 Lisbon Portugal
| | - Inês Coelho
- Food and Nutrition Department National Health Institute Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA, IP) Av. Padre Cruz 1649‐016 Lisbon Portugal
| | - Isabel Castanheira
- Food and Nutrition Department National Health Institute Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA, IP) Av. Padre Cruz 1649‐016 Lisbon Portugal
| | - Narcisa M. Bandarra
- Avenida Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6 1495-165 Algés Lisbon Portugal
- CIIMAR Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research University of Porto Rua dos Bragas 289 4050‐123 Porto Portugal
| | - Carlos Cardoso
- Avenida Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6 1495-165 Algés Lisbon Portugal
- CIIMAR Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research University of Porto Rua dos Bragas 289 4050‐123 Porto Portugal
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Sanchis Y, Coscollà C, Corpas-Burgos F, Vento M, Gormaz M, Yusà V. Biomonitoring of bisphenols A, F, S and parabens in urine of breastfeeding mothers: Exposure and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 185:109481. [PMID: 32278926 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study we used human biomonitoring to assess the internal exposure and the risk to four parabens and three bisphenols in 103 Spanish breastfeeding mothers participating in the BETTERMIILK project. Urinary methylparaben (MP), ethylparaben (EP), propylparaben (PP) and butylparaben (BP) presented detection frequencies ranging from 12% (BP) to 92% (MP), while bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) were detected in 76% (BPA) and 20% (BPF, BPS) of the mothers. Average paraben concentrations (geometric mean) ranged from 0.021 ng mL-1 (BP) to 17.7 ng mL-1 (MP), whereas bisphenols had geometric means concentrations from 0.042 ng mL-1 (BPF) to 0.927 ng mL-1 (BPA). Except for BPA, the estimated daily intakes (EDI) were calculated in order to interpret urinary levels in a risk assessment context. The obtained EDIs ranged from 0.00042 mg/kg/day for PP to 0.0434 mg/kg/day for MP and EP. A hazard quotient (HQ) was calculated for BPA (0.0049) and parabens (0.001-0.004), showing no risk in the studied population. Sociodemographic characteristics, food consumption, and usage patterns of personal care products (PCPs) were investigated as possible determinants of exposure. Use of makeup and skincare products were associated with higher concentrations of MP and PP, respectively. Regarding dietary habits, MP was also associated with the consumption of packaged and bakery products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yovana Sanchis
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020, Valencia, Spain; Public Health Laboratory of Valencia, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Coscollà
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020, Valencia, Spain; Public Health Laboratory of Valencia, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisca Corpas-Burgos
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - Máximo Vento
- Neonatal Division at the University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Avenida Abril Martorell, 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Gormaz
- Neonatal Division at the University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Avenida Abril Martorell, 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicent Yusà
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020, Valencia, Spain; Public Health Laboratory of Valencia, 21, Avenida Catalunya, 46020, Valencia, Spain; Analytical Chemistry Department, University of Valencia, Edifici Jeroni Muñoz, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
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9
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Watts MJ, Middleton DRS, Marriott A, Humphrey OS, Hamilton E, McCormack V, Menya D, Farebrother J, Osano O. Iodine status in western Kenya: a community-based cross-sectional survey of urinary and drinking water iodine concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:1141-1151. [PMID: 31190125 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00352-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Spot urinary iodine concentrations (UIC) are presented for 248 individuals from western Kenya with paired drinking water collected between 2016 and 2018. The median UIC was 271 µg L-1, ranging from 9 to 3146 µg L-1, unadjusted for hydration status/dilution. From these data, 12% were potentially iodine deficient (< 100 µg L-1), whilst 44% were considered to have an excess iodine intake (> 300 µg L-1). The application of hydration status/urinary dilution correction methods was evaluated for UICs, using creatinine, osmolality and specific gravity. The use of specific gravity correction for spot urine samples to account for hydration status/urinary dilution presents a practical approach for studies with limited budgets, rather than relying on unadjusted UICs, 24 h sampling, use of significantly large sample size in a cross-sectional study and other reported measures to smooth out the urinary dilution effect. Urinary corrections did influence boundary assessment for deficiency-sufficiency-excess for this group of participants, ranging from 31 to 44% having excess iodine intake, albeit for a study of this size. However, comparison of the correction methods did highlight that 22% of the variation in UICs was due to urinary dilution, highlighting the need for such correction, although creatinine performed poorly, yet specific gravity as a low-cost method was comparable to osmolality corrections as the often stated 'gold standard' metric for urinary concentration. Paired drinking water samples contained a median iodine concentration of 3.2 µg L-1 (0.2-304.1 µg L-1). A weak correlation was observed between UIC and water-I concentrations (R = 0.11).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Watts
- Inorganic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Daniel R S Middleton
- Inorganic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Nottingham, UK
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Andrew Marriott
- Inorganic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Nottingham, UK
| | - Olivier S Humphrey
- Inorganic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Nottingham, UK
| | - Elliott Hamilton
- Inorganic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Nottingham, UK
| | - Valerie McCormack
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Diana Menya
- School of Public Health, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | | | - Odipo Osano
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya
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