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Feineis D, Bringmann G. Structural variety and pharmacological potential of naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2024; 91:1-410. [PMID: 38811064 DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids are a fascinating class of natural biaryl compounds. They show characteristic mono- and dimeric scaffolds, with chiral axes and stereogenic centers. Since the appearance of the last comprehensive overview on these secondary plant metabolites in this series in 1995, the number of discovered representatives has tremendously increased to more than 280 examples known today. Many novel-type compounds have meanwhile been discovered, among them naphthylisoquinoline-related follow-up products like e.g., the first seco-type (i.e., ring-opened) and ring-contracted analogues. As highlighted in this review, the knowledge on the broad structural chemodiversity of naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids has been decisively driven forward by extensive phytochemical studies on the metabolite pattern of Ancistrocladus abbreviatus from Coastal West Africa, which is a particularly "creative" plant. These investigations furnished a considerable number of more than 80-mostly new-natural products from this single species, with promising antiplasmodial activities and with pronounced cytotoxic effects against human leukemia, pancreatic, cervical, and breast cancer cells. Another unique feature of naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids is their unprecedented biosynthetic origin from polyketidic precursors and not, as usual for isoquinoline alkaloids, from aromatic amino acids-a striking example of biosynthetic convergence in nature. Furthermore, remarkable botanical results are presented on the natural producers of naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids, the paleotropical Dioncophyllaceae and Ancistrocladaceae lianas, including first investigations on the chemoecological role of these plant metabolites and their storage and accumulation in particular plant organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Feineis
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Bringmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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de Albuquerque KCO, da Veiga ADSS, Silveira FT, Campos MB, da Costa APL, Brito AKM, Melo PRDS, Percario S, de Molfetta FA, Dolabela MF. Anti-leishmanial activity of Eleutherine plicata Herb. and predictions of isoeleutherin and its analogues. Front Chem 2024; 12:1341172. [PMID: 38510811 PMCID: PMC10950963 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1341172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Leishmaniasis is caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania, classified as tegumentary and visceral. The disease treatment is still a serious problem, due to the toxic effects of available drugs, the costly treatment and reports of parasitic resistance, making the search for therapeutic alternatives urgent. This study assessed the in vitro anti-leishmanial potential of the extract, fractions, and isoeleutherin from Eleutherine plicata, as well as the in silico interactions of isoeleutherin and its analogs with Trypanothione Reductase (TR), in addition to predicting pharmacokinetic parameters. Methods: From the ethanolic extract of E. plicata (EEEp) the dichloromethane fraction (FDEp) was obtained, and isoeleutherin isolated. All samples were tested against promastigotes, and parasite viability was evaluated. Isoeleutherin analogues were selected based on similarity in databases (ZINK and eMolecules) to verify the impact on structural change. Results and Discussion: The extract and its fractions were not active against the promastigote form (IC50 > 200 μg/mL), while isoeleutherin was active (IC50 = 25 μg/mL). All analogues have high intestinal absorption (HIA), cell permeability was moderate in Caco2 and low to moderate in MDCK. Structural changes interfered with plasma protein binding and blood-brain barrier permeability. Regarding metabolism, all molecules appear to be CYP3A4 metabolized and inhibited 2-3 CYPs. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics assessed the interactions between the most stable configurations of isoeleutherin, analogue compound 17, and quinacrine (control drug). Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated stability and favorable interactions with TR. In summary, fractionation contributed to antileishmanial activity and isoleutherin seems to be promising. Structural alterations did not contribute to improve pharmacokinetic aspects and analogue 17 proved to be more promising than isoeleutherin, presenting better stabilization in TR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ana Paula Lima da Costa
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sandro Percario
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Postgraduate Program (BIONORTE), Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Fábio Alberto de Molfetta
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Maria Fâni Dolabela
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Postgraduate Program (BIONORTE), Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Pharmaceutical Innovation Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
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Feineis D, Bringmann G. Asian Ancistrocladus Lianas as Creative Producers of Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 119:1-335. [PMID: 36587292 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-10457-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This book describes a unique class of secondary metabolites, the mono- and dimeric naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids. They occur in lianas of the paleotropical Ancistrocladaceae and Dioncophyllaceae families, exclusively. Their unprecedented structures include stereogenic centers and rotationally hindered, and thus likewise stereogenic, axes. Extended recent investigations on six Ancistrocladus species from Asia, as reported in this review, shed light on their fascinating phytochemical productivity, with over 100 such intriguing natural products. This high chemodiversity arises from a likewise unique biosynthesis from acetate-malonate units, following a novel polyketidic pathway to plant-derived isoquinoline alkaloids. Some of the compounds show most promising antiparasitic activities. Likewise presented are strategies for the regio- and stereoselective total synthesis of the alkaloids, including the directed construction of the chiral axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Feineis
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Bringmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
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Futuro DO, Ferreira PG, Nicoletti CD, Borba-Santos LP, Silva FCDA, Rozental S, Ferreira VF. The Antifungal Activity of Naphthoquinones: An Integrative Review. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2018; 90:1187-1214. [PMID: 29873671 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201820170815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Naphthoquinones are the most commonly occurring type of quinones in nature. They are a diverse family of secondary metabolites that occur naturally in plants, lichens and various microorganisms. This subgroup is constantly being expanded through the discovery of new natural products and by the synthesis of new compounds via innovative techniques. Interest in quinones and the search for new biological activities within the members of this class have intensified in recent years, as evidenced by the evaluation of the potential antimicrobial activities of quinones. Among fungi of medical interest, yeasts of the genus Candida are of extreme importance due to their high frequency of colonization and infection in humans. The objective of this review is to describe the development of naphthoquinones as antifungals for the treatment of Candida species and to note the most promising compounds. By using certain criteria for selection of publications, 68 reports involving both synthetic and natural naphthoquinones are discussed. The activities of a large number of substances were evaluated against Candida albicans as well as against 7 other species of the genus Candida. The results discussed in this review allowed the identification of 30 naphthoquinones with higher antifungal activities than those of the currently used drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora O Futuro
- Departamento de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patricia G Ferreira
- PPGCAPS, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Caroline D Nicoletti
- PPGCAPS, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luana P Borba-Santos
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando C DA Silva
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sonia Rozental
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vitor Francisco Ferreira
- Departamento de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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FUTURO DÉBORAO, FERREIRA PATRICIAG, NICOLETTI CAROLINED, BORBA-SANTOS LUANAP, SILVA FERNANDOCDA, ROZENTAL SONIA, FERREIRA VITORFRANCISCO. The Antifungal Activity of Naphthoquinones: An Integrative Review. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201820170815 pmid: 29873671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Jha V, Goyal N, Stevens CK, Stevens E, Sridhar J. Synthetic Method to Form 2,2'-Bis(naphthoquinone) Compounds. J Org Chem 2017; 82:13686-13692. [PMID: 29111723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have discovered a transition-metal-free approach to the synthesis of 2,2'-bis(naphthoquinones) using a Diels-Alder reaction of conjugated ketene silyl acetals with benzoquinone. Its monomer analogue can also be synthesized by simply increasing the equivalents of benzoquinone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwajeet Jha
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana , 1, Drexel Dr., New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, United States
| | - Navneet Goyal
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana , 1, Drexel Dr., New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, United States
| | - Cheryl K Stevens
- Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University , Bowling Green, Kentucky 42101, United States
| | - Edwin Stevens
- Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University , Bowling Green, Kentucky 42101, United States
| | - Jayalakshmi Sridhar
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana , 1, Drexel Dr., New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, United States
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Filho JFA, Lemos BC, de Souza AS, Pinheiro S, Greco SJ. Multicomponent Mannich reactions: General aspects, methodologies and applications. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kapadia GJ, Soares IAO, Rao GS, Badoco FR, Furtado RA, Correa MB, Tavares DC, Cunha WR, Magalhães LG. Antiparasitic activity of menadione (vitamin K 3) against Schistosoma mansoni in BABL/c mice. Acta Trop 2017; 167:163-173. [PMID: 28017859 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases affecting nearly quarter of a billion people in economically challenged tropical and subtropical countries of the world. Praziquantel (PZQ) is the only drug currently available to treat this parasitic disease in spite being ineffective against juvenile worms and concerns about developing resistance to treat reinfections. Our earlier in vitro viability studies demonstrated significant antiparasitic activity of menadione (MEN) (vitamin K3) against Schistosoma mansoni adult worms. To gain insight into plausible mechanism of antischistosomal activity of MEN, its effect on superoxide anion levels in adult worms were studied in vitro which showed significant increases in both female and male worms. Further confirmation of the deleterious morphological changes in their teguments and organelles were obtained by ultrastructural analysis. Genotoxic and cytotoxic studies in male Swiss mice indicated that MEN was well tolerated at the oral dose of 500mg/kg using the criteria of MNPCE frequency and PCE/RBC ratio in the bone marrow of infected animals. The in vivo antiparasitic activity of MEN was conducted in female BALB/c mice infected with S. mansoni and significant reductions (P<0.001) in total worm burden were observed at single oral doses of 40 and 400mg/kg (48.57 and 61.90%, respectively). Additionally, MEN significantly reduced (P<0.001) the number of eggs in the liver of infected mice by 53.57 and 58.76%, respectively. Similarly, histological analysis of the livers showed a significant reduction (P<0.001) in the diameter of the granulomas. Since MEN is already in use globally as an over-the-counter drug for a variety of common ailments and a dietary supplement with a safety record in par with similar products when used in recommended doses, the above antiparasitic results which compare reasonably well with PZQ, make a compelling case for considering MEN to treat S. mansoni infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govind J Kapadia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Ingrid A O Soares
- Research Group on Natural Products, Center for Research in Sciences and Technology, University of Franca, Franca, Brazil
| | - G Subba Rao
- Global Biotechnology Resource Center, 145 Rosewood Drive, Streamwood, IL 60107, USA
| | - Fernanda R Badoco
- Research Group on Natural Products, Center for Research in Sciences and Technology, University of Franca, Franca, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A Furtado
- Research Group on Natural Products, Center for Research in Sciences and Technology, University of Franca, Franca, Brazil
| | - Mariana B Correa
- Research Group on Natural Products, Center for Research in Sciences and Technology, University of Franca, Franca, Brazil
| | - Denise C Tavares
- Research Group on Natural Products, Center for Research in Sciences and Technology, University of Franca, Franca, Brazil
| | - Wilson R Cunha
- Research Group on Natural Products, Center for Research in Sciences and Technology, University of Franca, Franca, Brazil
| | - Lizandra G Magalhães
- Research Group on Natural Products, Center for Research in Sciences and Technology, University of Franca, Franca, Brazil.
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Expeditious synthesis, antileishmanial and antioxidant activities of novel 3-substituted-4-hydroxycoumarin derivatives. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2015.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Pidugu LSM, Mbimba JCE, Ahmad M, Pozharski E, Sausville EA, Emadi A, Toth EA. A direct interaction between NQO1 and a chemotherapeutic dimeric naphthoquinone. BMC STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2016; 16:1. [PMID: 26822308 PMCID: PMC4730606 DOI: 10.1186/s12900-016-0052-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multimeric naphthoquinones are redox-active compounds that exhibit antineoplastic, antiprotozoal, and antiviral activities. Due to their multimodal effect on perturbation of cellular oxidative state, these compounds hold great potential as therapeutic agents against highly proliferative neoplastic cells. In our previous work, we developed a series of novel dimeric naphthoquinones and showed that they were selectively cytotoxic to human acute myeloid leukemia (AML), breast and prostate cancer cell lines. We subsequently identified the oxidoreductase NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1 (NQO1) as the major target of dimeric naphthoquinones and proposed a mechanism of action that entailed induction of a futile redox cycling. RESULTS Here, for the first time, we describe a direct physical interaction between the bromohydroxy dimeric naphthoquinone E6a and NQO1. Moreover, our studies reveal an extensive binding interface between E6a and the isoalloxazine ring of the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor of NQO1 in addition to interactions with protein side chains in the active site. We also present biochemical evidence that dimeric naphthoquinones affect the redox state of the FAD cofactor of NQO1. Comparison of the mode of binding of E6a with those of other chemotherapeutics reveals unique characteristics of the interaction that can be leveraged in future drug optimization efforts. CONCLUSION The first structure of a dimeric naphthoquinone-NQO1 complex was reported, which can be used for design and synthesis of more potent next generation dimeric naphthoquinones to target NQO1 with higher affinity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Swarna Mukhi Pidugu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, and Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
| | - J C Emmanuel Mbimba
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, and Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
| | - Muqeet Ahmad
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, and Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
| | - Edwin Pozharski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, and Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
| | - Edward A Sausville
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Ashkan Emadi
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Eric A Toth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, and Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
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Cardoso MFDC, Forezi LDSM, da Silva FDC, Pinto ÂC, Neves MGPMS, Ferreira VF, Cavaleiro JAS. Synthetic methodologies leading to porphyrin-quinone conjugates. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424616300093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on synthetic strategies that have been established for the preparation of porphyrin-quinone conjugates of potential biological significance and as donor–acceptor compounds for electron transfer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana F. do C. Cardoso
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Valonguinho, 24020-150 Niterói-RJ, Brazil
| | - Luana da S. M. Forezi
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Valonguinho, 24020-150 Niterói-RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando de C. da Silva
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Valonguinho, 24020-150 Niterói-RJ, Brazil
| | - Ângelo C. Pinto
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Ilha da Cidade, Universitária, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Vitor F. Ferreira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Valonguinho, 24020-150 Niterói-RJ, Brazil
| | - José A. S. Cavaleiro
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Pereira G, Arvindekar A, Laddha K. Determination of Plumbagin in Plant Extracts and Polyherbal Formulations by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection. ANAL LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1052973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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da Silva LLR, Portes JDA, de Araújo MH, Silva JLS, Rennó MN, Netto CD, da Silva AJM, Costa PRR, De Souza W, Seabra SH, DaMatta RA. Further evidence that naphthoquinone inhibits Toxoplasma gondii growth in vitro. Parasitol Int 2015; 64:622-31. [PMID: 26335616 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a widely disseminated disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an intracellular protozoan parasite. Standard treatment causes many side effects, such as depletion of bone marrow cells, skin rashes and gastrointestinal implications. Therefore, it is necessary to find chemotherapeutic alternatives for the treatment of this disease. It was shown that a naphthoquinone derivative compound is active against T. gondii, RH strain, with an IC50 around 2.5 μM. Here, three different naphthoquinone derivative compounds with activity against leukemia cells and breast carcinoma cell were tested against T. gondii (RH strain) infected LLC-MK2 cell line. All the compounds were able to inhibit parasite growth in vitro, but one of them showed an IC50 activity below 1 μM after 48 h of treatment. The compounds showed low toxicity to the host cell. In addition, these compounds were able to induce tachyzoite-bradyzoite conversion confirmed by morphological changes, Dolichus biflorus lectin cyst wall labeling and characterization of amylopectin granules in the parasites by electron microscopy analysis using the Thierry technique. Furthermore, the compounds induced alterations on the ultrastructure of the parasite. Taken together, our results point to the naphthoquinone derivative (LQB 151) as a potential compound for the development of new drugs for the treatment of toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Lemos Rangel da Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Juliana de Araujo Portes
- Laboratório de Tecnologia em Cultura de Células, Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste, Campo Grande, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 23070-200, Brazil
| | - Marlon Heggdorne de Araújo
- Laboratório de Produtos Bioativos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Macaé Professor Aloísio Teixeira, Macaé, RJ, 27930-560, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Lays Sant'ana Silva
- Laboratório de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Macaé Professor Aloísio Teixeira, Macaé, RJ, 27930-560, Brazil
| | - Magdalena Nascimento Rennó
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular e Pesquisa em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Macaé Professor Aloísio Teixeira, Macaé, RJ, 27910-970, Brazil
| | - Chaquip Daher Netto
- Laboratório de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Macaé Professor Aloísio Teixeira, Macaé, RJ, 27930-560, Brazil
| | - Alcides José Monteiro da Silva
- Laboratório de Química Bioorgânica, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco H, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Ribeiro Costa
- Laboratório de Química Bioorgânica, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco H, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Wanderley De Souza
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21491-590, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade Industrial e Tecnologia-Inmetro, Duque de Caxias, RJ, 20261-232, Brazil
| | - Sergio Henrique Seabra
- Laboratório de Tecnologia em Cultura de Células, Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste, Campo Grande, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 23070-200, Brazil
| | - Renato Augusto DaMatta
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil.
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Synthesis, leishmanicidal activity and theoretical evaluations of a series of substituted bis-2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinones. Molecules 2014; 19:15180-95. [PMID: 25247686 PMCID: PMC6271274 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190915180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of eight substituted bis-2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives was synthesized through lawsone condensation with various aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes under mild acidic conditions. The title compounds were evaluated for antileishmanial activity in vitro against Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania braziliensis promastigotes; six compounds showed good activity without significant toxic effects. The compound with the highest activity was used for an in vivo assay with Leishmania amazonensis.
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A simple and convenient method for synthesis of new aminonaphthoquinones derived from lawsone by catalytic multicomponent Mannich reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sifaoui I, López-Arencibia A, Martín-Navarro CM, Chammem N, Reyes-Batlle M, Mejri M, Lorenzo-Morales J, Abderabba M, Piñero JE. Activity of olive leaf extracts against the promastigote stage of Leishmania species and their correlation with the antioxidant activity. Exp Parasitol 2014; 141:106-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lifongo LL, Simoben CV, Ntie-Kang F, Babiaka SB, Judson PN. A bioactivity versus ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants from Nigeria, west Africa. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2014; 4:1-19. [PMID: 24660132 PMCID: PMC3956980 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-014-0005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Traditional medicinal practices play a key role in health care systems in countries with developing economies. The aim of this survey was to validate the use of traditional medicine within local Nigerian communities. In this review, we examine the ethnobotanical uses of selected plant species from the Nigerian flora and attempt to correlate the activities of the isolated bioactive principles with known uses of the plant species in African traditional medicine. Thirty-three (33) plant species were identified and about 100 out of the 120 compounds identified with these plants matched with the ethnobotanical uses of the plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia L. Lifongo
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Conrad V. Simoben
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Fidele Ntie-Kang
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Smith B. Babiaka
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Philip N. Judson
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre, 22-23 Blenheim Terrace, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9HD UK
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds, LS11 5PY UK
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Simoben CV, Ntie-Kang F, Lifongo LL, Babiaka SB, Sippl W, Mbaze LM. The uniqueness and therapeutic value of natural products from West African medicinal plants, part III: least abundant compound classes. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05376a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, a continuation of our in-depth coverage of natural products derived from West African medicinal plants with diverse biological activities has been given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad V. Simoben
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Buea
- Buea, Cameroon
| | - Fidele Ntie-Kang
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Buea
- Buea, Cameroon
| | - Lydia L. Lifongo
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Buea
- Buea, Cameroon
| | - Smith B. Babiaka
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Buea
- Buea, Cameroon
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg
- Halle, Saale 06120, Germany
| | - Luc Meva'a Mbaze
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Douala
- Douala, Cameroon
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20
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Ntie-Kang F, Lifongo LL, Simoben CV, Babiaka SB, Sippl W, Mbaze LM. The uniqueness and therapeutic value of natural products from West African medicinal plants. Part I: uniqueness and chemotaxonomy. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This review gives an in depth coverage of the natural products derived from West African medicinal plants with diverse biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidele Ntie-Kang
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Buea
- Buea, Cameroon
| | - Lydia L. Lifongo
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Buea
- Buea, Cameroon
| | - Conrad V. Simoben
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Buea
- Buea, Cameroon
| | - Smith B. Babiaka
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Buea
- Buea, Cameroon
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg
- Halle, Germany
| | - Luc Meva'a Mbaze
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Douala
- Douala, Cameroon
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21
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Ntie-Kang F, Lifongo LL, Simoben CV, Babiaka SB, Sippl W, Mbaze LM. The uniqueness and therapeutic value of natural products from West African medicinal plants, part II: terpenoids, geographical distribution and drug discovery. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04543b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review series, an attempt has been made to give indepth coverage of natural products derived from West African medicinal plants with diverse biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidele Ntie-Kang
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Buea
- Buea, Cameroon
| | - Lydia L. Lifongo
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Buea
- Buea, Cameroon
| | - Conrad V. Simoben
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Buea
- Buea, Cameroon
| | - Smith B. Babiaka
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Buea
- Buea, Cameroon
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg
- Halle, Germany
| | - Luc Meva'a Mbaze
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Douala
- Douala, Cameroon
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22
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Hook I, Mills C, Sheridan H. Bioactive Naphthoquinones from Higher Plants. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63294-4.00005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Uc-Cachón AH, Borges-Argáez R, Said-Fernández S, Vargas-Villarreal J, González-Salazar F, Méndez-González M, Cáceres-Farfán M, Molina-Salinas GM. Naphthoquinones isolated from Diospyros anisandra exhibit potent activity against pan-resistant first-line drugs Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2013; 27:114-20. [PMID: 23968826 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The recent emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and totally drug-resistant (TDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strains have further complicated the control of tuberculosis (TB). There is an urgent need of new molecules candidates to be developed as novel, active, and less toxic anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) drugs. Medicinal plants have been an excellent source of leads for the development of drugs, particularly as anti-infective agents. In previous studies, the non-polar extract of Diospyros anisandra showed potent anti-TB activity, and three monomeric and five dimeric naphthoquinones have been obtained. In this study, we performed bioguided chemical fractionation and the isolation of eight naphthoquinones from D. anisandra and their evaluation of anti-TB and cytotoxic activities against mammalian cells. METHODS The n-hexane crude extract from the stem bark of the plant was obtained by maceration and liquid-liquid fractionation. The isolation of naphthoquinones was carried out by chromatographic methods and identified by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy data analysis. Anti-TB activity was evaluated against two strains of MTB (H37Rv) susceptible to all five first-line anti-TB drugs and a clinical isolate that is resistant to these medications (pan-resistant, CIBIN 99) by measuring the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Cytotoxicity of naphthoquinones was estimated against two mammalian cells, Vero line and primary cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMC) cells, and their selectivity index (SI) was determined. RESULTS Plumbagin and its dimers maritinone and 3,3'-biplumbagin showed the strongest activity against both MTB strains (MIC = 1.56-3.33 μg/mL). The bioactivity of maritinone and 3,3'-biplumbagin were 32 times more potent than rifampicin against the pan-resistant strain, and both dimers showed to be non-toxic against PBMC and Vero cells. The SI of maritinone and 3,3'-biplumbagin on Vero cells was 74.34 and 194.11 against sensitive and pan-resistant MTB strains, respectively. CONCLUSION Maritinone and 3,3'-biplumbagin possess a very interesting potential for development as new drugs against M. tuberculosis, mainly resistant profile strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Humberto Uc-Cachón
- Unidad de Biotecnología del Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Calle 43, No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Rocío Borges-Argáez
- Unidad de Biotecnología del Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Calle 43, No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Salvador Said-Fernández
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, IMSS, San Luis Potosí y 2 de Abril, Col. Independencia, CP 65720 Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Javier Vargas-Villarreal
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, IMSS, San Luis Potosí y 2 de Abril, Col. Independencia, CP 65720 Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Francisco González-Salazar
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, IMSS, San Luis Potosí y 2 de Abril, Col. Independencia, CP 65720 Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico; Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, División de Ciencia de la Salud, Universidad de Monterrey, Ave. Ignacio Morones Prieto 4500 Pte., CP 66238 San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Martha Méndez-González
- Unidad de Recursos Naturales del Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Calle 43, No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Mirbella Cáceres-Farfán
- Unidad de Biotecnología del Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Calle 43, No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Gloria María Molina-Salinas
- División de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, IMSS, San Luis Potosí y 2 de Abril, Col. Independencia, CP 65720 Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
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Vessecchi R, Emery FS, Lopes NP, Galembeck SE. Electronic structure and gas-phase chemistry of protonated α- and β-quinonoid compounds: a mass spectrometry and computational study. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:816-824. [PMID: 23495028 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The use of quinonoid compounds against tropical diseases and as antitumor agents has prompted the search for new naturally occurring and synthetic derivatives. Among these quinonoid compounds, lapachol and its isomers (α- and β-lapachone) serve as models for the synthesis of new compounds with biological activity, and the use of electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) analysis as a tool to elucidate and characterize these products has furnished important information about these compounds. METHODS ESI-MS/MS analysis under collision-induced dissociation conditions was used to describe the fragmentation mechanisms for protonated 1,4-naphthoquinone, 1,2-naphthoquinone, α-lapachone, and β-lapachone. The B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) model was used to obtain proton affinities, gas-phase basicities, and molecular electrostatic potential maps, thus indicating the probable protonation sites. Fragmentation pathways were suggested on the basis of the relative enthalpies of the product ions. RESULTS The ESI-MS signals of the cationized molecules of ortho quinonoid compounds were more intense than those of the protonated molecule. Formation of the major product ions with m/z 187 from protonated α- and β-lapachone has been attributed to a retro-Diels-Alder (RDA) reaction. CONCLUSIONS MS/MS studies on lapachol isomers (α- and β-lapachone) will facilitate the interpretation of the liquid chromatography (LC)-MS/MS analysis of new metabolites. MS/MS data on the 1,4-naphthoquinone, 1,2-naphthoquinone, α-lapachone and β-lapachone core will help characterize new derivatives from in vitro/in vivo metabolism studies in complex matrices. The product ions revealed the major fragmentation mechanisms and these ions will serve as diagnostic ions to identify each studied compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Vessecchi
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil.
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25
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Different susceptibilities of Leishmania spp. promastigotes to the Annona muricata acetogenins annonacinone and corossolone, and the Platymiscium floribundum coumarin scoparone. Exp Parasitol 2012; 133:334-8. [PMID: 23232251 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2012.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease that can manifest itself in visceral and cutaneous form. The aim of this study was to search for new leishmanicidal compounds. Preliminarily, Artemia salina assay was applied to compounds from two plants found in Northeastern Brazil, Platymiscium floribundum and Annona muricata. Then these compounds were tested against three Leishmania species (Leishmania donovani, Leishmania mexicana and Leishmania major). A screening assay using luciferase-expressing promastigote form were used to measure the viability of promastigote One coumarin, scoparone, isolated from P. floribundum and two acetogenins, annonacinone and corossolone isolated from A. muricata showed leishmanicidal activity in all species tested. Nevertheless, Leishmania species indicated different susceptibilities in relation to the tested compounds: L. mexicana was more sensitive to scoparone followed by L. major and L. donovani. The three species presented similar inhibition to corossolone and annonacinone. Acetogenin annonacinone (EC(50)=6.72-8.00 μg/mL) indicated high leishmanicidal activity; corossolone (EC(50)=16.14-18.73 μg/mL) and scoparone (EC(50)=9.11-27.51 μg/mL) moderate activity. A. saline larvae were less sensitive to the coumarin scoparone and acetogenin corossolone was the most toxic. In conclusion, the leishmanicidal activity demonstrated by the coumarin and acetogenins indicate these compounds for further studies aiming the development of new leishmanicidal agents.
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Martin KP, Sabovljevic A, Madassery J. High-frequency transgenic plant regeneration and plumbagin production through methyl jasmonate elicitation from hairy roots of Plumbago indica L. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12892-010-0123-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Evaluation of plumbagin and its derivative as potential modulators of redox thiol metabolism of Leishmania parasite. Parasitol Res 2011; 110:341-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2498-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Gupta S, Pal A, Vyas SP. Drug delivery strategies for therapy of visceral leishmaniasis. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010; 7:371-402. [PMID: 20201740 DOI: 10.1517/17425240903548232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the most overwhelming type of leishmaniasis associated with the poverty of developing countries and usually mortal if untreated. Most of the conventionally used dosage forms offer us the shortcomings of toxic side effects and emergence of drug resistance. Several efforts have been made to overcome the barriers involved in the treatment of VL. Colloidal carriers extensively represent the drug delivery systems (DDSs) for intracellular localization of antileishmanial compounds in macrophage-rich organs such as liver, spleen and bone marrow. These DDSs offer superior therapeutic efficacy over the conventional treatment in terms of site-specific drug delivery with reduced side effects. However, after 35 years of research in the field, AmBisome (Amphotericin B liposome for injection, Astellas Pharma US, Inc.) is the only DDS used against the VL. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW A literature search was performed (for drugs and DDSs against VL) on PubMed and through Google. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN This review aims to describe the pathophysiology of VL and its current conventional treatment with special reference to DDSs designed against VL. TAKE HOME MESSAGE On reviewing the conventional drugs and DDSs developed against VL, it is concluded that advances in the field of targeted drug delivery can result in more efficient strategies for the therapy of VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Gupta
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga (PB), India.
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Honda PA, Ferreira ICP, Cortez DAG, Amado CAB, Silveira TGV, Brenzan MA, Lonardoni MVC. Efficacy of components from leaves of Calophyllum brasiliense against Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 17:333-338. [PMID: 19800777 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Revised: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Leishmanicide potential of Calophyllum brasiliense leaves on promastigote and amastigote of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis is evaluated. The LD(50) of dichloromethane extract and hexane fraction for promastigotes was respectively 40 microg/ml and 20 microg/ml. In mouse peritoneal macrophages infected with Leishmania amastigotes the Infection Index decreased respectively 100% and 84.2% in 80 microg/ml and 40 microg/ml concentrations of dichloromethane extract. Hexane fraction decreased infection index respectively by 98.7% and 91.3% within the same concentrations. It was found that pretreatment with dichloromethane extract or with hexane fraction of experimentally infected BALB/c mice decrease the volume of the lesions by L. (L.) amazonensis. Moreover, animals treated topically also revealed healing lesions. Besides, the parasite load in the animals' popliteal lymph nodes was significantly reduced in treated animals, showing that plant components actually control infection. Results show that crude extract and hexane fraction of C. brasiliense reveal a significant in vitro and in vivo leishmanicide activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Honda
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Singh S, Malik BK, Sharma DK. Molecular Modeling and Docking Analysis of Entamoeba histolytica Glyceraldehyde-3 Phosphate Dehydrogenase, A Potential Target Enzyme for Anti-Protozoal Drug Development. Chem Biol Drug Des 2008; 71:554-62. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2008.00666.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Takeya T, Kondo H, Otsuka T, Tomita K, Okamoto I, Tamura O. A Novel Construction of Dibenzofuran-1,4-diones by Oxidative Cyclization of Quinone-arenols. Org Lett 2007; 9:2807-10. [PMID: 17580881 DOI: 10.1021/ol070951i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel oxidative cyclization of quinone-arenols 5 leading to products 6 with a dibenzofuran-1,4-dione structure, which forms the core of several natural products, has been developed and applied to the synthesis of violet-quinone (4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Takeya
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
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Lemos TLG, Monte FJQ, Santos AKL, Fonseca AM, Santos HS, Oliveira MF, Costa SMO, Pessoa ODL, Braz-Filho R. Quinones from plants of northeastern Brazil: structural diversity, chemical transformations, NMR data and biological activities. Nat Prod Res 2007; 21:529-50. [PMID: 17497425 DOI: 10.1080/14786410601130604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present review focus in quinones found in species of Brazilian northeastern Capraria biflora, Lippia sidoides, Lippia microphylla and Tabebuia serratifolia. The review cover ethnopharmacological aspects including photography of species, chemical structure feature, NMR datea and biological properties. Chemical transformations of lapachol to form enamine derivatives and biological activities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma L G Lemos
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Ceará, Brazil.
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Ponte-Sucre A, Faber JH, Gulder T, Kajahn I, Pedersen SEH, Schultheis M, Bringmann G, Moll H. Activities of naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids and synthetic analogs against Leishmania major. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 51:188-94. [PMID: 17088484 PMCID: PMC1797665 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00936-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The current treatments for leishmaniasis are unsatisfactory due to their toxic side effects, high costs, and increasing problems with drug resistance. Thus, there is an urgent need for alternative drugs against leishmaniasis. Different approaches have been used to identify novel pharmacophores against Leishmania sp. parasites, and one strategy has been the analysis of naturally occurring plant-derived compounds, including naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids. In the present study, we examined the abilities of these alkaloids to inhibit the growth of Leishmania major promastigotes and evaluated their effects on macrophages, dendritic cells, and fibroblasts. Furthermore, we determined the efficacy of selected compounds in decreasing the infection rate of macrophages and regulating their production of cytokines and nitric oxide. Our results demonstrate that the naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids ancistrocladiniums A and B (compounds 10 and 11) and the synthetic isoquinolinium salt (compound 14) were effective against intracellular amastigotes in the low submicromolar range, while toxicity against mammalian cells was observed at concentrations that were significantly higher than those needed to impair parasite replication. The activities of compounds 11 and 14 were mainly directed against the amastigote stage of L. major. This effect was not associated with the stimulation of host macrophages to produce nitric oxide or secrete cytokines relevant for the leishmanicidal function. In conclusion, our data suggest that ancistrocladiniums A and B (compounds 10 and 11) and the synthetically prepared isoquinolinium salt (compound 14) are promising candidates to be considered as lead compounds for leishmanicidal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Ponte-Sucre
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
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Stagliano KW, Emadi A, Lu Z, Malinakova HC, Twenter B, Yu M, Holland LE, Rom AM, Harwood JS, Amin R, Johnson AA, Pommier Y. Regiocontrolled synthesis and HIV inhibitory activity of unsymmetrical binaphthoquinone and trimeric naphthoquinone derivatives of conocurvone. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:5651-65. [PMID: 16737818 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2006] [Revised: 04/10/2006] [Accepted: 04/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Unsymmetrical biquinone and trimeric quinone derivatives were synthesized using halotriflate-biselectrophilic naphthoquinones through stepwise regioselective quinone substitution chemistry and evaluated for their ability to inhibit the cytopathogenic effects of HIV-1 using an MTT colorimetric assay. Compounds were also screened for their ability to inhibit the activity of HIV-1 integrase in vitro. Pyranylated trimeric quinones and biquinones exhibited both antiviral activity and integrase inhibitory activity. Conocurvone 1 and trimeric quinone 21 were the most potent HIV integrase inhibitors in the series. All of the biquinones showed HIV inhibitory activity. Simple methoxy substituted biquinones did not inhibit HIV-1 integrase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth W Stagliano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Physical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, 60616, USA
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Takahashi M, Fuchino H, Sekita S, Satake M, Kiuchi F. In Vitro Leishmanicidal Constituents of Millettia pendula. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2006; 54:915-7. [PMID: 16755071 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.54.915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro leishmanicidal constituents of Millettia pendula were examined. Two new compounds, 1 (millettilone A) and 2 (millettilone B), were isolated from the methanol extract of M. pendula, together with six known compounds: 3R-claussequinone (3), pendulone (4), secundiflorol I (5), 3,8-dihydroxy-9-methoxypterocarpan (6), 3,10-dihydroxy-7,9-dimethoxypterocarpan (7), and formononetin (8). Among these, pendulone showed the most potent leishmanicidal activity. Compound 2 was found to be a purple pigment in this heartwood. Their chemical structures were elucidated using spectral methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marii Takahashi
- Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
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Valderrama JA, Zamorano C, González MF, Prina E, Fournet A. Studies on quinones. Part 39: Synthesis and leishmanicidal activity of acylchloroquinones and hydroquinones. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:4153-9. [PMID: 15876538 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2005] [Revised: 04/15/2005] [Accepted: 04/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Acylhydroquinone-based compounds are attractive targets for the design of new leishmanicidal drugs. We have previously described sesquiterpene quinones and hydroquinones series, which exhibit different degree of potency against Leishmania amazonensis. The present study details the preparation of acylchloroquinones and hydroquinones possessing lipophilic substituents and examines their in vitro activity against intracellular L. amazonensis amastigotes. The quinone or hydroquinone nucleus is essential for the activity of the members of the series. The lipophilicity of the cycloaliphatic systems in these members seems to attenuate the cytotoxical effect and increases the selectivity of those compounds containing the norbornene system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A Valderrama
- Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile.
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Lima NMF, Correia CS, Leon LL, Machado GMC, Madeira MDF, Santana AEG, Goulart MOF. Antileishmanial activity of lapachol analogues. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2005; 99:757-61. [PMID: 15654435 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762004000700017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The antileishmanial activity of lapachol, isolapachol, and dihydrolapachol, along with soluble derivatives (potassium salt) and acetate was obtained. All the compounds were assayed against metacyclic promastigotes of two different species of Leishmania associated to tegumentar leishmaniasis: L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis. All compounds presented significant activity, being isolapachol acetate the most active against promastigotes, with IC50/24h = 1.6 +/- 0.0 microg/ml and 3.4 +/- 0.5 microg/ml for, respectively, L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis. This compound was also assayed in vivo against L. amazonensis and showed to be active. Its toxicity in vitro was also established, and at concentration similar to the IC50, no toxicity was evidenced. In all experiments, pentamidine isethionate was used as a reference drug. The present results reinforce the potential use of substituted hydroxyquinones and derivatives as promising antileishmanial drugs and suggest a continuing study within this class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja M F Lima
- Departamento de Química, CCEN, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Tabuleiro do Martins, 57072-970 Maceió, AL, Brazil
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39
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Savoia D, Avanzini C, Allice T, Callone E, Guella G, Dini F. Antimicrobial activity of euplotin C, the sesquiterpene taxonomic marker from the marine ciliate Euplotes crassus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48:3828-33. [PMID: 15388442 PMCID: PMC521918 DOI: 10.1128/aac.48.10.3828-3833.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Strains of the marine ciliate protist Euplotes crassus produce exclusive terpenoids called euplotins that play an ecological role. Among these derivatives, euplotin C is the main of four secondary metabolites isolated from cultures of this protozoon and represents the sesquiterpene taxonomic marker from E. crassus. Because different terpenoid metabolites of plant origin showed a certain antimicrobial activity, we assessed the compound euplotin C, purified by high-pressure liquid chromatography and solubilized in two solubility enhancers, against the protozoa Leishmania major and Leishmani infantum, the fungus Candida albicans, and nine strains of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. An activity of euplotin C against Leishmania promastigotes was demonstrated (50% lethal doses were 4.6 or 8.1 microg/ml depending on the agent used to solubilize the compound), while the effect was less evident on Candida and nearly absent on bacteria. A nonsignificant cytotoxicity (50% lethal dose, >200 microg/ml) against the J774 cell line was observed. A leishmanicidal activity was also shown by the living, euplotin-producing cells of E. crassus cultured together with promastigotes; this activity increased with time from 10 min to 6 h of incubation. This study provides an initial rationale for the evaluation of euplotin C and other similar natural products as alternative or possibly synergistic compounds for current antiprotozoon chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianella Savoia
- University of Turin, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano (TO) 10043, Italy.
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Ogata T, Okamoto I, Kotani E, Takeya T. Biomimetic synthesis of the dinaphthofuranquinone violet-quinone, utilizing oxidative dimerization with the ZrO2/O2 system. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nan A, Croft SL, Yardley V, Ghandehari H. Targetable water-soluble polymer-drug conjugates for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. J Control Release 2004; 94:115-27. [PMID: 14684276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2003.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present work describes the synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of targetable N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-anti-leishmanial drug conjugates for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Conjugates of HPMA copolymer with NPC1161, an 8-aminoquinoline analog with anti-leishmanial activity, containing N-acetylmannosamine (ManN) in the side chains were synthesized and characterized. In vitro anti-leishmanial efficacy of the conjugates was determined in mouse peritoneal macrophages infected with Leishmania donovani amastigotes. The conjugates were tested against mammalian KB cells for cytotoxicity. The effect of ManN content on uptake was evaluated in RAW 264 murine macrophages. In vivo anti-leishmanial efficacy was evaluated at 1 mg/kg intravenous dose in BALB/c mice. HPMA copolymer-NPC1161 conjugates with 5 mole% or higher ManN content were significantly (p<0.0001) more active (ED50<15 microg/ml) than nontargeted conjugates (ED50>30 microg/ml). All conjugates were relatively nontoxic towards the mammalian cells. Significantly (p<0.003) higher uptake was observed for targeted conjugates compared to nontargeted conjugates. The targeted conjugates were significantly more effective in vivo (67-80% inhibition, p<0.0001) than nontargeted conjugate (47% inhibition). HPMA copolymers containing ManN in the side chains can potentially reduce the toxicity and increase efficacy of anti-leishmanial drugs for the treatment of VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjan Nan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Takahashi M, Fuchino H, Satake M, Agatsuma Y, Sekita S. In Vitro Screening of Leishmanicidal Activity in Myanmar Timber Extracts. Biol Pharm Bull 2004; 27:921-5. [PMID: 15187448 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.27.921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Seventy-five Myanmar timber extracts belonging to 27 families were examined for their leishmanicidal activities. Some timber extracts had significant leishmanicidal activity, especially extracts of Millettia pendula, which exhibited the most potent activity (MLC 3.1 microg/ml, MIC 1.6 microg/ml). Other timber extracts showing potent activity included those from Cedrela serrata, Cedrela toona, Cordia fragrantissima, Calophyllum kunstleri, Dalbergia cultrate, Grevillea robusta, Haplophragma adenophyllum, Michelia champaca, and Tectona grandis. From a literature search for reports on the chemical constituents of these plants, most constituents were found to be quinone derivatives or other compounds with unsaturated carbonyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marii Takahashi
- Tsukuba Medicinal Plant Research Station, National Institute of Health Sciences, Hachimandai, Japan
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Abstract
Natural products are not only the basis for traditional or ethnic medicine. Only recently, they have provided highly successful new drugs such as Artemisinin. Furthermore, screening natural products found in all sorts of environments such as the deep sea, rain forests and hot springs, and produced by all sorts of organisms ranging from bacteria, fungi and plants to protozoa, sponges and invertebrates, is a highly competitive field where all of the major pharmaceutical companies are encountered. Already, many new natural product groups have revealed antiparasitic properties of surprising efficacy and selectivity, as will be shown in this review for plant-derived alkaloids, terpenes and phenolics. Many novel lead structures, however, have severe chemico-physical drawbacks such as poor solubility. Here, innovative drug formulations and carrier systems might help, as discussed by the authors in another article of this series.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Kayser
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Pharmazie, Pharmazeutische Biotechnologie, Kelchstrasse 31, 12169 Berlin, Germany.
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Komaraiah P, Ramakrishna SV, Reddanna P, Kavi Kishor PB. Enhanced production of plumbagin in immobilized cells of Plumbago rosea by elicitation and in situ adsorption. J Biotechnol 2003; 101:181-7. [PMID: 12568747 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(02)00338-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cell cultures of Plumbago rosea were immobilized in calcium alginate and cultured in Murashige and Skoog's basal medium containing 10 mM CaCl(2) for the production of plumbagin, an important medicinal compound. Studies were carried to find out the impact of immobilization on the increased accumulation of this secondary metabolite. Immobilization in calcium alginate enhanced the production of plumbagin by three, two and one folds compared to that of control, un-crosslinked alginate and CaCl(2) treated cells respectively. Cell loading at a level of 20% to the polymer volume (Na-alginate) was optimal and maximum plumbagin was obtained. At higher cell loading (40-50%), lower plumbagin accumulation was noticed. Addition of 200 mg l(-1) chitosan as an elicitor to the immobilized cells resulted in eight and two folds higher accumulation of plumbagin over control and immobilized cells. Also, more than 70% of the plumbagin was released into the medium, which is highly desirable for easy recovery of the product. Sucrose utilization rate of the cells was higher when cells were subjected to in situ product removal using Amberlite XAD-7. This may indicate that the toxicity of plumbagin was reduced on cells when it was removed from the medium. Cells subjected to combined treatments of chitosan, immobilization and in situ extraction showed a synergistic effect and yielded 92.13 mg g(-1) DCW of plumbagin which is 21, 5.7, 2.5 times higher than control, immobilized, immobilized and elicited cells respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Komaraiah
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India
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ravelo ÁG, Estévez-braun A, Pérez-sacau E. The chemistry and biology of lapachol and related natural products α and β-lapachones. BIOACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS (PART J) 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(03)80017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abstract
Current treatments for the parasitic disease leishmaniasis are unsatisfactory due to their route of administration, toxicity and expense. Resistance is also developing to first-line antimonial drugs. Fortunately, a handful of antileishmanial agents, such as the orally available compound miltefosine, are currently in clinical trials. In addition, several promising drug targets and lead molecules are being studied with the goal of developing new antileishmanial agents. Drug candidates have been identified through the continued investigation of parasite sterol metabolism and parasite proteases. New antileishmanial molecules have also been discovered through the study of novel targets and pathways, such as the bisphosphonate inhibitors of isoprenoid biosynthesis. This review presents a synopsis of the drug targets and lead compounds that have been investigated over the last few years against leishmaniasis, gives a perspective on the chemotherapeutic potential of each and discusses some of the obstacles to antileishmanial drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl A Werbovetz
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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